Early Sauropsids: The First Reptiles
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- Опубліковано 12 вер 2024
- During the Late Carboniferous, as the amniotes were beginning their radiation, one particular and very successful lineage emerged. These were the Sauropsids, the sister lineage of the early Synapsids that we looked at in the last video. Sauropsida at this time encompassed the common ancestors of what we would consider reptiles today, including the Squamates, Tuatara, Turtles and Archosaurs. The most ancient Sauropsids were small and relatively marginal lizard-like animals that inhabited the humid swamp forests of the Carboniferous world.
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Please ignore the mistake I made when discussing Paleothyris. In the video I erroneously said that it was found in Late Cretaceous rocks when I of course meant Late Carboniferous!
Time doesn’t exist
I was going to say... 🤣
Weirdest thing about Dr. Polaris is that I had a math professor that looked like the exact human version of Dr. Polaris' polar bear avatar. It kinda freaks me out, in a good way.
Haha that’s funny!
@@dr.polaris6423synapsids should have never existed.
Hey Polaris, really enjoy the content you put. Will you maybe one day do a video on non amniote tetrapods because I feel like they don’t really get as much attention.
Yes of course. I agree that the evolution of early Tetrapods is not covered enough.
Even fish evolution barely gets covered. It’s always dinosaurs, dinosaurs, dinosaurs.
Excellent. I love learning more about extinct critters I know little about, or in many cases, never heard of.
Thank you
nice to see these early reptiles in the spot light for once
It's hard to visualise what it means for all these variations of 'lizard', stem mammal, and dinosaur to be wandering around in unfamiliar vegetation not altogether but not all apart.
Your channel reminds me of “The Budget Museum”
I love both of them 😃
Thanks, I’m subscribed to the channel. Love their stuff as well.
Excellent video. Great information. Always look forward to your videos. Thanks for your hard work. Stay safe.
Thank you so much
I can't wait for the next video.
terrestrial crocodylomorphs like the Sebecids and Baurusuchids are very underrated.
I know this video is a couple months old, but it's super interesting and covers animals that don't get nearly enough love
And I wanted to ask if someday you'd be interested in doing a video on drepanosaurs?
Often the answers to the questions about the origins of a. specific group of reptiles are not, into specialized books, so well accurate and precised like in your videos. Thanks again for your precious work
Informative. I knew about several of the forms discussed, as there is a very good geological/fossil museum locally. I didn't know that some forms survived for such long periods of time. My thanks for that.
I've got to know some groups I never heard of! Amazing how these animals coexisted with the synapsids
So I've been thinking since you love triassic so much - where are the ichtyosaurs episodes?
Oh there will be Ichthyosaur related videos in the future. I’ll cover them when we get to the more derived Diapsids.
@@dr.polaris6423 awesome
Dr. Polaris is ❤️
I've been looking forward to this since the end of the last video you posted. A nice rundown on reptiles.
Thank you so much for making this video. It might be rude but i want to learn abotu this too so could you tell me where you get these informations from? Or are you an actual paleontologist?
Looking into scientific journals and scholar papers online is a good way to start. If there's a university near you most professors love talking endlessly about their field, so you can always try to set an appointment with one.
I’m mostly self taught, through research and reading academic articles. Palaeontology is always something that I’ve found very interesting but it’s not my career.
Great video as always
I love your videos,and this one was one of my favorites
Cool! I enjoyed the presentation and the information.
Great video - thank you for sharing!
Good video, just some constructive criticism, you should turn the music in the background up, even with my headset up all the way up I could hardly hear it.
Cool thx for information i realy enjoy it :D
Paleontology is never neat, is it? Great video as always!
It’s always a bit messy in some way!
@@dr.polaris6423 I mean do you want Easy, or do you want Interesting :)
is the alter earth project still going?
I love this channel
I'd like to see you do a video on lungfish, the living sister lineage to the tetrapods.
Shame the Parareptiles are all gone the Mesosaurs were really cool
Yup, especially the Pareiasaurs!
Epic video
So which came first, sinapsids or diapsids? Also a video on the saber toothed amphibian lymnoscelis would be interesting.
I never felt comfortable with how important the Synapsid/Diapsid thing. Especially after hearing that they had in mind for turtles.
Synapsids came first. They split off from the sauropsids not long after the first amniotes, and true diapause within the sauropsid clade only came much later. Other groups such as parareptiles still didn’t have two fenestra, and as the video shows, single fenestra came first in sauropsids before double fenestra.
@@robertgotschall1246 Turtles are now classified correctly as archelosaurians.
I would have loved a Mesasaur to have as a pet/friend. How cute!
Sooo... the diapsid condition is supposed to have persisted from the Araeoscelidia onwards, while the other conditions would evolve and devolve numerous times?
In early Sauropsids, the number of temporal openings simply appears to have been more variable. Ancestral forms may well have had single openings, as is seen in Mesosaurs and Parareptiles. The situation is made more confusing due the Parareptiles being hard to classify.
I'm so glad I'm subscribed here you're much better than Sy Fy even though about some you had me tripping for a moment, even though I'm not even not on narc's 🤣, just a mood stabilizer.
Very very interesting, TY. I wonder about the rationale behind making diapsids descend from anapsids instead of from synapsids. It's probably just my ignorance but, judging only on this (defining) trait, it would seem more logical that two fenestras evolved from duplication of one fenestra and not out of the blue from zero fenestrae.
Doctor, I think I saw you in The Guardian. Leaning out of the window of an abandoned weather station. January 31st edition, I guess.
Are birds reptiles?
Cladistically speaking, yes.
Zoologists have given up on the term Reptile a while ago. If it would still be used, birds would certainly be reptiles because birds are dinosaurs. The more problematic relation is that we would be reptiles, too, that''s why we prefer to drop the term and talk about synapsids (us) and sauropsids (birds and all other living reptiles).
In the classical Linnaean taxonomic system birds were one of the six original animal classes, and reptiles were part of the amphibians originally, but already in the 18th century defined as their own separate class. That's what most of us learned in school.
If dinosaurs were "reptiles" and birds are living dinosaurs... Yes. They are "reptiles". Still the popular definition of what is a "reptile" isn't very accurated (evolutionary speaking).
we are all fish
@@TrajGreekFire Well no but actually yes
"Some individuals of the genus mesosaurus have been suggested to have possessed a fenestra on the lower jaw a feature that was considered to be unique to synapsids" - I' confused - I thought synapsids always had a temporal fenestra on the upper skull behind the eyes?
Yeah, that seems to be a mistake.
I just made a search (technical term seems to be "infratemporal fenestra") and it seems a dinosaur trait typically. Polaris surely made a mistake when attributing it to synapsids.
hi @@LuisAldamiz I only became interested in paleontology recently - but I think dinosaurs generally had 2 temporal fenestra behind the eyes (diapsid condition) + 1 in the jaw + 1 in the "snout" in front of the eyes. Synapsids do have 1 fenestra behind the eyes (which I think corresponds to the space under our cheek bones where the temporalis muscle is located in the human skull). So maybe when Dr Polaris said mesosaurus have been suggested to have possessed a fenestra on the lower jaw, a feature that was considered to be unique to synapsids" - maybe "lower jaw" was a verbal typo?????? idk
@@wcdeich4 - You mean that there is no "lower jaw" but only one "jaw" (obviously the lower one)? That's arguable and pretty much semantics, Jaws the shark obviously had two jaws or half-jaws (was also made of plastic but real ones are the same structurally speaking).
In Spanish at least (which is my first language) the word "mandíbula" (mandible, jaw) and the phrase "mandíbula inferior" (lower jaw) are both used. Occasionally you come around "mandíbula superior" (upper jaw) especially when discussing teeth. So I think that there is merit to use "lower jaw" but that "jaw" (singular, isolated) means usually the same.
@@LuisAldamiz No, I just mean most dinosaurs had 4 skull holes -> the 2 holes other diapsid reptiles had + another 2
0:22 does this mean mammals didn't literally evolve from reptiles? If so, what were the animals between amphibians and synapsids?
Yep, they resemble reptiles but they were not. Dr.Polaris made a video about them just a week ago, go check it if you are curious ;)
@@jgrandson5651 thanks:)
@@jgrandson5651 what about the common amcestor? Is reptile - mammal common ancestor an amphibian then?
Reptile is a pretty redundant term when it comes to taxonomy. It could be considered paraphyletic.
@@carlosandleon No. It was an amniote, which would have laid eggs filled with amniotic fluid. Amphibians don’t lay such eggs, instead giving birth to tadpoles. So no, it wasn’t actually an amphibian.
big content in this vid. how did these lift forms result in human thought. i want to live like that lizard and see.
Human thought formed over many million years, building upon a base of intelligence that was already there. It was during the Cenozoic where our intelligence actually began to go through huge increments.
Why so many early tetrapods and amniotes had this squat and short-tailed shape, that is so rare today. More like a cross between a lizard, a mammal and a shell-less turtle rather than pure lizard. Why is this shake non-viable now? Also I wouldn’t describe early sauropsids as the mammals of the Mesozoic. Most were more like the reptiles of the Cenozoic. Some had developed marine adaptations that the synapsids of the time hadn’t and some like pareiasaurs reached sizes that no Mesozoic mammal reached.
but dont forget, the First lizards. were ALONGSIDE the Giant Spiders. im not kidding, these were CAT SIZED SPIDERS.
I know this has nothing to do with this video, but to tell you a fun fact, did you know that Dr Polaris is the name of a Green Lantern villain?
Does he look like a polar bear with a monocle? Otherwise not very interested, really.
@@LuisAldamiz Ofcourse he does.
Oh, sorry no. I was talking about the UA-camr. No. He doesn't look even remotely like that.
Two Nova Scotian animals this time? Be still my beating heart. :P
Like I said over on the Synapsid video, we learned nothing about these in school here in the 70s and 80s (covered the dinosaurs, of course, but only the big, famous ones with no attempt to cover any that were native to this region). And even today when the Joggins formation comes up in any sort of mass media, it's only in terms of quantity rather than quantity or significance, or mentioned as a minor tourist attraction. :/ So annoying. :(
yassss
So it all started with eating bugs. The road to obesity begins with bugs.
Where is your cryptid series
Alter Earth Please ...