All the modern videos on UA-cam about this subject and this 1959 film is the best and most detailed about the chemical reactions! Thanks for posting this.
I agree! The only thing I wish they could change is the outdated theory they have on atomic structure. With everything we have learned about about the electron and other sub-atomic waves and particles in the past 70 years, this provides a terrible model for their characteristics
A useful film for anyone who owns any kind of motor vehicle or heavy equipment that uses a lead-acid battery. I knew a little about how car batteries work, but not the fine details of the chemical reactions. It should be noted that, at every charge/discharge cycle, the plates shed a little of the metal, which gradually precipitates to the bottom of the cell. Most lead-acid deep-cycle automotive batteries, such as are used in golf carts, have only about 500 full cycles of useful life: after this, the plates are "worn out", i.e., not enough active lead and lead oxide remain on the plates for the battery to hold sufficient charge to make it useful for a vehicle. Or, so much of the plate material has fallen off the plates, that the "sludge" build up in the bottom of the cell short-circuits the plates, producing a "dead" battery that won't hold a charge at all.
These military training films are really good for introducing people to the basics, or even advanced, info about the things they will be working on in their civilian job. They are designed to get people who know nothing about a subject, or fairly knowledgeable, up to speed on a subject where they will be working without the "know nothings" feeling, over whelmed or the knowledgeable from feeling it's a big drag so they stop paying attention. I wish I had a complete library of them.
You folks have some of the best videos. When I was a kid in the 60s I remember being so bored in school by stuff like this... Now I cant get enough of it. Thanks for what you do!
When I was in high school some 50+ years ago, I worked in a full service gas station (as most were at the time). One of the services was to remove the caps on the car batteries to check the fluid levels. Often it would be so low, the tops of the plates would be exposed. We had a water jug that had a spring loaded valve in the spout. The spout would be inserted in each cell and the water would flow into the battery until it reached the fill line. I performed that action hundreds of times, but never really knew why plain water would keep a battery working.
It should have been still water or water that's been boiled converted to steam and collected as the impurities in the water will degrade the plates, obviously no water would kill it faster lol
If tap water is drinkable it’s fine for a battery. A lead battery is much tougher than a human. While potable chlorinated tap water is ever so slightly base, if it can’t hurt you it’s way too weak to effect a change in the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte.
@@tadonplane8265It was 1972, I was 16 years old and the gas station owner ate sandwiches without washing the grease off his hands. Using distilled water to fill batteries wasn't a consideration. That said, nobody ever claimed that we damaged their battery.
It is unbelievable how detailed this old video is. It has all the information I needed to know in detail. No modern video I could find that would beat this
It's one of the reasons we decided to scan and publish this and many other historic films. One of the films we scanned, about soldering techniques, is probably the definitive work on the subject. But no one had seen it in 70 years till we published it!
I intend to try and recondition my failed solar batteries and this video was essential viewing. I had to watch it twice to get the full jist of it because my previous understanding was at odds with this explanation.
Just remember, when working on circuits, GE believes Negative flows to Positive. They give everything (IN DIRECT CURRENT), A SOLID POSITIVE to a coil and a switched Negative. Every other company believes Positive flows to Negative, so they put a solid Negative at the coil, and switch the positive. This is good to know if you work on equipment of more than one manufacturer. You'll scratch your head till you realize this point. This is especially true in Locomotives.
Current only flows from the negative to the positive. That’s the true electron flow. It’s ok in most cases to think in “conventional current” but that’s not what’s happening. There’s a significant historical reason for this. Benjamin Franklin, a great scientist, made the discovery that electricity is bipolar. He wanted to name the poles something different than the poles of a magnet; “north” and “south.” So he invented the terms “positive” and “negative.” But at that time there was no way to determine which way the current was flowing so he took a crap shoot at it knowing he had a 50-50 chance of getting it right. A century later the electron was discovered in a cathode ray tube and the actual flow of electrons showed that Franklin got it backwards, he called heads and got tails. Instead of changing a century of electrical terminology we humans declared the electron to have a negative charge. Had Franklin gotten it right the electron would have a positive charge, the proton a negative charge and “conventional current” would actually be electron flow. This makes me wonder how many intelligent species in the universe got this right in their history and how many got it backwards like we did. I bet it’s a 50-50 split!
Many thanks to USA Navy. I have some of there books, translated to portuguese, and they are so clear as this movie. The best educational material i know about electricity and electronics.
Why am I watching this at 1 in the morning. My head hurts. I remember watching this in my early military days. We would top up the electrolytes with distilled water on a weekly basis.
thanks for posting. i wonder why i didn't get to see this one when i went thru sub school. during indoctrination on my first sub all i was taught about the ships battery was that if there was a fire in it's compartment all i was to do was take the rubber coated fire extinguisher and turn it on and throw it in to the battery compartment and slam the door. (it wasn't really a door it was actually a hatch in the deck.)
I worked with large cells as a communications tech.the biggest ones were 1670 amps in 2 v cells. We never had this training either and I worked for a very large communications company. I was in the Navy as an AX on P3s. My oldest brother was a sonar tech on fast attacks from 1962 to 1975. He also taught at Key West for his first shore duty. Brother-in-law was also one but on boomers. He retired about 1980. I grew up not to far from Groton. Now I’m retired but still use wet cells at a remote cabin for a solar and 4Kw inverter system.
So since i don't see sn exact date this video was produced and because it's talking about lead acid submarine batteries I'm assuming its during ww2. When the narrator describes an atom I noticed he did not mention the neutron and this is a unique piece of history here. Despite the neutrons discovery in 1932 it was not as widely accepted as it is today. "On 29 December 1934, Albert Einstein was quoted in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette as saying, “There is not the slightest indication that [nuclear energy] will ever be obtainable. It would mean that the atom would have to be shattered at will.” This followed the discovery that year by Enrico Fermi that if you bombard uranium with neutrons, the uranium atoms split up into lighter elements, releasing energy." which eventually led to Einstein signing the letter sent to President Roosevelt warning him of Atomic weapons to come and urging him to invest in a program. Because of how secret squirrel the Manhattan program was nuetrons were not widely taught or twlked sbout in the United States during the war but late 1945 couldn't get people to shut up about them. I just thought that it's cool to see that.
I use to buy and sell battery's for solar storage from 2nd scrap metal yards in the 90s To quickly test if any were still usable I'd check with a 12v test lamp also check the taist of the acid off a small stick. Citric taist was a good indicator of a good battery.. Didn't seem to hurt me but I rinsed my mouth out regularly and made sure the small amount I did get in my mouth didn't contact my teeth..
@tadonplane8265 My spelling and "grandma" are crap, But I had plenty of power and lived a comfortable life. There's no scavenging around scrap yards now.. safety rules are generally more rigorous.
The chapters in these videos make it *harder* to navigate the video on an iPad: As often as not when one tries to move 10 or 20 second see one ends up moving by chapters. Backing up to go over something can be an exercise in futility.
@@nollix Nope. That is old news. The new news is that there are additional controls that have been added to the iPad that send you to the chapters as often as not. So that’s not helpful, not at all.
This was never classified in the first place, unclassified vs declassified. The lead storage battery was invented in 1859, and chemistry is taught in high school.
I don't see how there is a minimum or maximum battery size. The acid volume you're looking for depends completely on the size of the cell/battery you choose, and countless sizes are available.
All the modern videos on UA-cam about this subject and this 1959 film is the best and most detailed about the chemical reactions! Thanks for posting this.
I think I can explain the quality of the video. Back then videos were something more valuable, so, they didn't have opportunity to waste film.
I prefer to watch older education videos like this over new ones as new ones are always dumbed down
I agree!
The only thing I wish they could change is the outdated theory they have on atomic structure.
With everything we have learned about about the electron and other sub-atomic waves and particles in the past 70 years, this provides a terrible model for their characteristics
A useful film for anyone who owns any kind of motor vehicle or heavy equipment that uses a lead-acid battery. I knew a little about how car batteries work, but not the fine details of the chemical reactions. It should be noted that, at every charge/discharge cycle, the plates shed a little of the metal, which gradually precipitates to the bottom of the cell. Most lead-acid deep-cycle automotive batteries, such as are used in golf carts, have only about 500 full cycles of useful life: after this, the plates are "worn out", i.e., not enough active lead and lead oxide remain on the plates for the battery to hold sufficient charge to make it useful for a vehicle. Or, so much of the plate material has fallen off the plates, that the "sludge" build up in the bottom of the cell short-circuits the plates, producing a "dead" battery that won't hold a charge at all.
A brilliant introduction to chemistry. The Armed Forces had a great education department.
These military training films are really good for introducing people to the basics, or even advanced, info about the things they will be working on in their civilian job. They are designed to get people who know nothing about a subject, or fairly knowledgeable, up to speed on a subject where they will be working without the "know nothings" feeling, over whelmed or the knowledgeable from feeling it's a big drag so they stop paying attention. I wish I had a complete library of them.
Depends on how you define advanced, but definitely well spoken lectures.
You do, thanks to the periscopefilm UA-cam channel, I’ve been watching these for years, it’s entertaining seeing what was known and what wasn’t
I was a toddler, in the first grade, when this film came out!
Thank you for it
You are welcome! If you like our channel -- please subscribe or become a channel member!
My guess is you were well past the toddler stage in first grade (before pre-school?) but you may not remember 😊
You folks have some of the best videos. When I was a kid in the 60s I remember being so bored in school by stuff like this... Now I cant get enough of it. Thanks for what you do!
When I was in high school some 50+ years ago, I worked in a full service gas station (as most were at the time). One of the services was to remove the caps on the car batteries to check the fluid levels. Often it would be so low, the tops of the plates would be exposed. We had a water jug that had a spring loaded valve in the spout. The spout would be inserted in each cell and the water would flow into the battery until it reached the fill line.
I performed that action hundreds of times, but never really knew why plain water would keep a battery working.
It should have been still water or water that's been boiled converted to steam and collected as the impurities in the water will degrade the plates, obviously no water would kill it faster lol
@@cjdelphi It was the same tap water that we put in the radiators.
If tap water is drinkable it’s fine for a battery. A lead battery is much tougher than a human. While potable chlorinated tap water is ever so slightly base, if it can’t hurt you it’s way too weak to effect a change in the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte.
@@tadonplane8265It was 1972, I was 16 years old and the gas station owner ate sandwiches without washing the grease off his hands. Using distilled water to fill batteries wasn't a consideration. That said, nobody ever claimed that we damaged their battery.
It is unbelievable how detailed this old video is. It has all the information I needed to know in detail. No modern video I could find that would beat this
It's one of the reasons we decided to scan and publish this and many other historic films. One of the films we scanned, about soldering techniques, is probably the definitive work on the subject. But no one had seen it in 70 years till we published it!
@@PeriscopeFilm you are doing a good job reviving these films. I will be browsing your channel soon. You now got a subscriber!!
@@BadThrusher thanks -- consider becoming a channel member and join us on Patreon.com/PeriscopeFilm
I intend to try and recondition my failed solar batteries and this video was essential viewing. I had to watch it twice to get the full jist of it because my previous understanding was at odds with this explanation.
Just remember, when working on circuits, GE believes Negative flows to Positive. They give everything (IN DIRECT CURRENT), A SOLID POSITIVE to a coil and a switched Negative. Every other company believes Positive flows to Negative, so they put a solid Negative at the coil, and switch the positive. This is good to know if you work on equipment of more than one manufacturer. You'll scratch your head till you realize this point. This is especially true in Locomotives.
Current only flows from the negative to the positive. That’s the true electron flow. It’s ok in most cases to think in “conventional current” but that’s not what’s happening. There’s a significant historical reason for this.
Benjamin Franklin, a great scientist, made the discovery that electricity is bipolar. He wanted to name the poles something different than the poles of a magnet; “north” and “south.” So he invented the terms “positive” and “negative.” But at that time there was no way to determine which way the current was flowing so he took a crap shoot at it knowing he had a 50-50 chance of getting it right. A century later the electron was discovered in a cathode ray tube and the actual flow of electrons showed that Franklin got it backwards, he called heads and got tails.
Instead of changing a century of electrical terminology we humans declared the electron to have a negative charge. Had Franklin gotten it right the electron would have a positive charge, the proton a negative charge and “conventional current” would actually be electron flow.
This makes me wonder how many intelligent species in the universe got this right in their history and how many got it backwards like we did. I bet it’s a 50-50 split!
Many thanks to USA Navy. I have some of there books, translated to portuguese, and they are so clear as this movie. The best educational material i know about electricity and electronics.
Maybe ask the US Navy for a book that teaches the difference between there and their?
@@Anvilshock Ok. Thank you.
Why am I watching this at 1 in the morning. My head hurts. I remember watching this in my early military days. We would top up the electrolytes with distilled water on a weekly basis.
When this film was recorded in 1940s there were 102 known elements to day in 2022 there are 118 known elements.
Amazing we're still using this archaic technology despite have supercomputers in our pockets
thanks for posting. i wonder why i didn't get to see this one when i went thru sub school. during indoctrination on my first sub all i was taught about the ships battery was that if there was a fire in it's compartment all i was to do was take the rubber coated fire extinguisher and turn it on and throw it in to the battery compartment and slam the door. (it wasn't really a door it was actually a hatch in the deck.)
I worked with large cells as a communications tech.the biggest ones were 1670 amps in 2 v cells. We never had this training either and I worked for a very large communications company. I was in the Navy as an AX on P3s. My oldest brother was a sonar tech on fast attacks from 1962 to 1975. He also taught at Key West for his first shore duty. Brother-in-law was also one but on boomers. He retired about 1980. I grew up not to far from Groton. Now I’m retired but still use wet cells at a remote cabin for a solar and 4Kw inverter system.
Great video...thanks
I need to watch this again and take notes.
I did watch it over, pausing it repeatedly. It makes me wish I had paid more attention in high school chemistry class.
Brilliant, well explained.....
Very good explanation thanks for sharing
Bad memories of diving the battery well as electrical officer on SSBN 620. Good training film though.
Loved it
Excellent explanation 👌👌👌
Very good educational video!
Love these videos
We should be making more educated films like THIS & NOT reality tv. This is WHY our ancestors were so smart & never went to college.🤔🇺🇸
so amazing information thanks you sir
Excellent video learned a lot
What's with the annoying time meter in the bottom of the screen in all your films? That stupid time clock sometimes covers up text or illustrations.
So since i don't see sn exact date this video was produced and because it's talking about lead acid submarine batteries I'm assuming its during ww2. When the narrator describes an atom I noticed he did not mention the neutron and this is a unique piece of history here. Despite the neutrons discovery in 1932 it was not as widely accepted as it is today. "On 29 December 1934, Albert Einstein was quoted in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette as saying, “There is not the slightest indication that [nuclear energy] will ever be obtainable. It would mean that the atom would have to be shattered at will.” This followed the discovery that year by Enrico Fermi that if you bombard uranium with neutrons, the uranium atoms split up into lighter elements, releasing energy." which eventually led to Einstein signing the letter sent to President Roosevelt warning him of Atomic weapons to come and urging him to invest in a program. Because of how secret squirrel the Manhattan program was nuetrons were not widely taught or twlked sbout in the United States during the war but late 1945 couldn't get people to shut up about them. I just thought that it's cool to see that.
This film was made in 1959.
I use to buy and sell battery's for solar storage from 2nd scrap metal yards in the 90s
To quickly test if any were still usable I'd check with a 12v test lamp also check the taist of the acid off a small stick.
Citric taist was a good indicator of a good battery..
Didn't seem to hurt me but I rinsed my mouth out regularly and made sure the small amount I did get in my mouth didn't contact my teeth..
batteries, not battery's
taste
@tadonplane8265
My spelling and "grandma" are crap,
But I had plenty of power and lived a comfortable life.
There's no scavenging around scrap yards now.. safety rules are generally more rigorous.
The chapters in these videos make it *harder* to navigate the video on an iPad: As often as not when one tries to move 10 or 20 second see one ends up moving by chapters. Backing up to go over something can be an exercise in futility.
Double tap on the left or right of the video to go back/forward 10 seconds. Triple tap for 20 seconds, and so forth. You're welcome.
@@nollix Nope. That is old news. The new news is that there are additional controls that have been added to the iPad that send you to the chapters as often as not. So that’s not helpful, not at all.
I don't think they should have declassified this video and tell potential enemies that our submarine batteries use a 1.250 specific gravity reading
LOL !
Electro chemistry isn't a secret fortunately...!
This was never classified in the first place, unclassified vs declassified. The lead storage battery was invented in 1859, and chemistry is taught in high school.
Where to access bureau of ships manual chapter 62?
🏆🏆🏆🏆👏👏👏👏👏
remember when you could maintain something?
now I know
To all democratic technical forces .., undemocratic Bambo 🖐️
Please tell me anyone about lead acid battery book to excercise
Клас
You
Sir please tell me the minimum and maximum weight of battery cell and also tell me how much liter acid water are in cell
I don't see how there is a minimum or maximum battery size. The acid volume you're looking for depends completely on the size of the cell/battery you choose, and countless sizes are available.
before nuclear physics took off people were informed
To all democratic technical forces .., undemocratic Bambo 🖐️