Important Things To Know About Thyroid Goiter | Dr. Gaurav Gangwani (Interventional Radiologist)

A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is located at the base of the neck. This condition can occur when the thyroid is not functioning properly. The size of a goiter can vary greatly; some are barely noticeable, while others can be large and cause noticeable swelling in the neck.
There are several types of goiters, each with different causes:
- Diffuse Goiter: This type involves a general enlargement of the thyroid gland. It's often related to an iodine deficiency, which is less common in countries where iodine is added to salt.
- Nodular Goiter: In this type, solid or fluid-filled lumps called nodules develop within the thyroid. A nodular goiter might have one nodule (uninodular) or several (multinodular).
- Endemic Goiter: This occurs in certain geographical areas with iodine-deficient soils. People living in these areas may consume insufficient iodine, leading to goiter development.
- Sporadic Goiter: This type is less common and might be caused by certain drugs or foods that interfere with thyroid function.
- Symptoms of a goiter include a visible swelling at the base of your neck, which may be more evident when you trim your beard or put on makeup. Other symptoms may include difficulty swallowing or breathing, coughing, hoarseness, and throat tightness. However, some goiters may not cause any symptoms, especially if they're small.
The underlying cause of a goiter affects both the choice of treatment and prognosis. For instance, small goiters that don't cause physical or cosmetic problems may not require treatment. In contrast, larger goiters that cause symptoms may require medication, radioactive iodine treatment, or surgery.
Preventing iodine deficiency by using iodized salt is an effective way to prevent certain types of goiters. Regular medical checkups can also help in early detection and treatment of thyroid disorders, potentially preventing goiter formation.
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00:01 - Intro
00:48 - What is Goiter?
01:42 - Why Does This Occur?
02:57 - What are the Symptoms of Goiter?
04:30 - How To Diagnose The Goiter?
05:19 - How To Treat Goiter?
06:40 - Radio Frequency Ablation Modern and Non Surgical Treatment for Goiter
07: 53 - Thyroid Artery Embolization
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// Disclaimer: The video is for educational purpose so that the patients benefit from the information and can take better informed choices. It is not meant to replace one or one physical or tele-consultation with an expert doctor in an institute or healthcare setup. As management algorithms may have to be customized depending on patient demographics, symptoms and clinical results.
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// Brief BIO
Dr. Gaurav Gangwani is an Attending Consultant Interventional Radiologist. He graduated from BYL Nair Ch. Hospital and TN medical college, Mumbai and completed his post-graduation in Radiology from St. Stephens’ hospital, Delhi. With a keen interest in Interventional Radiology from his PG days, he refined his skillset by a 2-year fellowship program in Hepatobiliary and Oncology IR in the prestigious Sir Ganga Ram hospital followed by expanding his spectrum of IR procedures in Jaypee Hospital, Noida catering to patients from 19 different countries as a center of excellence in IR.
Dr. Gaurav Gangwani has been a pioneer to perform few interventions in India which a couple IRs perform including procedures like thyroid nodule and parathyroid adenoma ablations, vasculomimetic stenting for juxta-anastomotic stenosis in AV fistulas and endovascular therpay for veno-occlusive erectile dysfunction.
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