Roman Castra - How Legionaries Built and Lived in their Fortresses
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- Опубліковано 25 чер 2024
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Our animated historical documentary series on the evolution of Roman armies and tactics continues with a video on the Roman Legionary Fortresses during the Imperial period. How were they built and what was the life like in the Roman Fortress - Castrum
Previous videos in the series: • Marian Reforms and the...
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We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: docs.google.com/document/d/1D...
The video was made by our friend Arb Paninken bit.ly/2Ow3oC8 while the script was researched and written by Matt Hollis
This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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#Documentary #RomanArmy #RomanEmpire
PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT: Sources do not confirm that, but running around the fortress without your uniform might have been punishable. Don't let the centurions catch you without your uniform: bit.ly/2kRVWX8
Plz make videos on 3rd Battle of Panipat and First Kashmir War 1948
I do not know who the fuck is drawing the maps for the video, but I have never seen someone butcher the rivers and the natural borders of the roman empire so far.
Syed Hammad Ahmed and I totally agree. The 3rd Battle of Panipat and/or First Kashmir War (especially the details of the fascinating Kashmir War) would Meade great videos.
Kings and Generals if I wave an SPQR flag would that also work?
Slick advertisement.
"To Hunt, to bath, to gamble, to laugh, this is living"
Lucky him.
"Balnae, vina, venus corrumpunt corpora nostra, sed vitam faciunt balnea, vina, venus."
"The baths, wine and love/sex destroys our bodies, but the baths, vine and love/sex is what makes up life."
-Roman tombstone
@@pannobhasa And here we see the ideological contrasts between Roman and Mongol
You get the impression that, even across those millennia, these people weren't so different from us. A wonderful thought, if you ask me.
@@catavar9921 Well, as long as you can afford it. The social aspect makes me cast doubts on lower castes being able to use public baths.
British fortresses were mostly 'safe' (till the collapse)
Apart from the roads, aqueducts, order, public health, sanitation, trade, education, irrigation, medicine and wine what have the Romans ever done for us?
@CipiRipi00 Never seen Life of Brian?
They brought peace
@CipiRipi00 r/woooosh
@CipiRipi00he's being sarcastic man...
*_L A W_*
Hospitals with baths, gardens, separate rooms, heated floors...
That feeling when people 2000 years ago got better healthcare than you do.
Tbh, soldiers still get better healthcare than an average citizen.
@@KingsandGenerals even 2000 years ago; soldiers *>>>* civilians
They certainly were more intelligent people than we are today. No one need think for themselves anymore.
@@KingsandGenerals Plz make videos on 3rd Battle of Panipat and First Kashmir War 1948
Syed Hammad Ahmed Pakistanis murdered Kashmiris, India came in to help them and don’t know what ‘leaving’ means!
the hardest fortresses to live in were those four surrounding Asterix's village
Yeah, but at least two of them had decent recreation
Laudanum (An opiate) and Totorum
😂😂
Shut up Meg!
Probably why they only sent scrawny recruits there, they'd not want to have their finest being visited by those barbarians.
I confess to not getting the joke
Barbarians: “Bloody Roman campers...”
Napoleon I Bonaparte 🤣🤣🤣
Full with 360 jumping archers
tito fauzan they are the best at no scoping 😂
And we pray to you on the eve of battle that you will ban our enemies for camping...
Is this some sort of "you mama gay" in ancient chat?
Fun fact: "castrum" morphed into "caster" and later "chester" in Old English. So Chester, Winchester, Gloucester, Lancaster, Manchester and all the other towns? Their names are basically variations on "there is a fort here."
And "castle" comes from castelum (the diminutive of castrum). In modern spanish "castillo", modern portuguese "castelo" the diminutive of the rarely used modern word castro (fortress), like the surname of that cuban dude.
☝ you get to be honorary Lupus of the Legio 👌
@Paul Johnson From Manchester UK, to Manchester Jamaica. That's four tits!
So every Englosh city was a fort?
Imagine having the clout to name a town what you want, and your sense of humour is to have it officially called Titty Hills
“The mightiest weapon in a legionaries arsenal was not the sword nor the shield, but the Roman shovel.”
- Simon Scarrow
Love his books!
Every marine is a rifleman.
Every legionary is an engineer.
Very interesting, Scipio was before Marius mules. or Scipio ran his very professional/ rich equarian class army I believe. Scipio was super hard core old ethics of the Roman people super conservative, self reliant. I sure you know this stuff always amazing there is this woman that wrote some very interesting and strange information on many Roman practices and customs.
Cities would also often grow up around these fortresses as the people who traded with the legions and the families of legionaries would settle outside the fort. Plus being right next to a fortress offered protection.
In Spain we have a city called León which translates to lion which is an abbreviation of legion. They called the city legion
@@carlosdelsol76 They probably called it something else. Like Castra Legionis Nonae Hispanae (for example). But since everyone around knew it just as the Legion (the rest of the name was obvious for the locals) and since people in general prefer keep things short, the name for the city gradually shifted to one of most memorable words - the Legion.
Roman: Join us and enjoy true living standards with gym, pools, sauna, spa etc.
Surrounding celts, germanic tribals: How can we get Roman Citizenship?
Roman: It's pretty simple 25 years of honorable military service.
I don't think anyone can get back to their tribal lifestyle after experiencing such Roman living standard except Arminius
and Arminius' auxiliary cavs. But Arminius became a chieftan so he probably had the best the Germanic tribes can offer at the time. I know i am replying to a 1 year old comment
@@Dark-kd7md hi
Armenius was later killed by other Germanic chiefs. Partly because he wanted to make himself a king, but also because he made them lose access to Roman infrastructure.
The whole thing was a terrible idea in hindsight.
The Roman Empire was basically history thinking "What if all the Engineers of the world came together and created a country?". Being an Engineer myself, I'm just awed at how even they took so many factors into consideration while building their fortresses. Good design practices were also followed, showing a strong and heavily underrated engineering tradition.
Just like Engineers, they were good at borrowing science from others like the Greeks and adapting them for practical use :')
Romans were practical almost to a fault. The Greek Xenephon wrote an epic adventure called the "March of the 10,000" about the march of the mercenaries out of Asia. When the Roman Cato the Younger marched 500 miles through the desert with the same number of men he merely recorded the precise number of steps taken, so to satisfy his logistics calculations.
There is still a civilization like that on Earth. Russia... Basically a civilization maintained by it's military class, and with massive emphasis on engineering, in every field. Pretty anyone who finishes a Russian college or University, will also have engineering education, as base.
@@Kurblick
Ikr?
*Greeks on Bravery:* Wrote countless romanticised poems and epics celebrating the bravery of men both real and mythical.
*Romans on Bravery:* _"Fear is proof of a degenerate mind"_ -Virgil
You can't help but love them xD
Its all try and error
@@theflame5919 Russia is not nearly as good at it as Romans, due to rampant corruption and lazyness of high ranked staff.
If anyone wants to see what a Roman fort actually looked like, go to South Shields in Northern England where they created a historical reconstruction of the fort of Arbeia, now known as the Arbeia Roman Fort and Museum. It was built in the 2nd century CE, the fort became a major supply depot for the troops manning Hadrian's Wall. It was one of the smaller Roman forts as it housed about 600 men compared to larger fortresses that could house 5,000 people. Nonetheless it had a similar layout with barracks for cavalry and infantry, workshops, granaries, a HQ and commanding officer's houses. Its a pretty impressive reconstruction even though its only partially completed. I really recommend checking it out if you ever get a chance to visit the UK.
They only rebuilt the main gate of the fortress. I expect them to rebuild the whole camp, but that might cost tons of money
"Join the Legion! We have spa!"
Just don’t drop the bath oils!
Romans, your country needs you (and our baths need you too)
rta!!
It was a no Brainer back then
K&G do a wonderful job with these brief documentaries. This one sent me off on two hours of binge-googling. I love to learn!
Nice, happy to hear that!
@@KingsandGenerals Same for me. Except I would never use bing of couse O_o. Amazing work tho.
@@helicongremory8480 *to binge* = doing a certain thing for a long time in one set (to binge netflixshows)
it was a joke ;(
History is fun and interesting.
So essentially, these Roman fortresses are pretty much small military towns that allowed soldiers to not only do their normal duties but also work civilian jobs and keep those skills after their tour of duty. Who would have thought that our modern way of teaching technical skills had some basis in the past?
There is a reason why many European nations and other countries admired the Roman Empire long after there gone. Another great video by KnG.
Visited a Roman Villa a few years back when we were holidaying up North. Beautifully preserved. It was the home of some local official but it had the underfloor passages for central heating, a mosaic floor and a small stone barracks for about a dozen soldiers
The cool thing is the soldiers building didn’t have central heating, it being separate to the villa, but cleverly the bunkhouse was also a stable so all the men and horses crammed together would keep each other warm with body heat in what would be (especially to romans used to the med climate) freezing weather.
Romans were bloody clever, no wonder they did so well considering most of Europe thought mud huts were the fancy new thing
@@thinkwithurdipstick but the thing is "Roman" is a citizenship not an ethinicity.
I love that, even in a fortress there is no going around therms. Everyone is in perfect agreement it's a necessity.
@@robbyz512 never contact me or my family again.
...... You don't get out much do you?
@@wisp6826 LMAO nice reply hilarious
Another outstanding video. Jeez you’re making other history channels look like rip offs compared to yours. Keep up the great work.
Thank you for the kind words!
@@KingsandGenerals get that 1 million subs but good learning videos I hope they add these more in schools for
😉
WHAT other history channels ? : ]
Hello World
History is nothing but ancient aliens and other boring stuff.
"...will continue all the way to 1453."
Ah, I See You're a Man of Culture As Well
"A good offense is a good defense" Unknown praetorian
Also Rogal Dorn "aka Lord Adorable", Primarch of Imperial Fists.
Which is also the old traditional Italian Style (“the method” or “il metodo”) in football, if you don’t let them score you can’t lose
@@Taistelukalkkuna I am fortifying this position.
@@Big_E_Soul_Fragment My Glorious Overlord. *Oiled abs quivering*
Or a whiterun guard
Now this is civilisation!
Ehh, I'm not 100% sure, there are certain aspects which I'd rather live without.
On the other hand, its impressive work the Roman's managed to construct these buildings with such basic tools. (Basic compared to our modern understanding)
for many historians and for most of the peoples anchient world was more civilazed than today .. both in human terms and other things .. egypt's tecnhological advance is still an argument point ... even with today's knowledge profs cant explain how they manage to do many things and some still believes they get help from aliens :D :D .. so anchient world is really fascinating to me indeed :) i like to learn more about them
@Pommy Pie bums protecting your home from barbarian invasions
@@LazyLifeIFreak The Romans didn't have power tools or anything electric, obviously, but they had far more than just basic tools. Like the Greeks before them, they had literal mechanical treadwheel cranes used for lifting, stacking and building things like temple columns and aqueducts.
Organization, bitch thats where its at.
This is absolutely brilliant!
The extravagance of it ...the feeling of luxury and comfort even in a force of complete military discipline is absolutely astounding. The Romans had taste 😂
Fantastic job Kings and Generals!
Thanks for watching!
@@KingsandGenerals it's always a pleasure watching your videos!
Let's not forget there were at least 3 levels of Roman camps and forts: 1) their daily marching camp that they built after marching and dismantled over night, 2) their more permanent forts that they didn't dismantle every day when they were staying in an area for a longer periods such as a few weeks, and 3) their permanent garrison fortresses as mentioned by this article. People often commonly confuse their daily marching camps with their more permanent forts. Their daily marching camps had a small wall composed of wooden stakes that each soldier carried in pairs, and embankments and ditches were just a few feet tall/deep and were only there to delay an attacking enemy. Their marching camps did not have tall wooden walls or tall towers because the stakes were only a few feet high.
Page 132 of "The Late Roman Army By Pat Southern" by Pat Southern and Karen R. Dixon distinguishes between daily marching camps and more permanent fortifications where the Romans stayed for longer periods - the daily marching camps had simple wooden stakes on top of a relatively low dirt bank and ditch:
"...in the early Empire the Romans built them, perhaps for a variety of reasons. It is usually said that the army on the march built a camp every night, and this is perhaps true in so far as the soldiers carried stakes (pila muralia) with which to form a palisade on top of a bank of earth, which would be raised up from digging the surrounding ditch and turning the soil inwards. The banks need not have been very high or very wide. This sort of temporary camp, quite insubstantial in archaeological terms, may have differed widely from a more permanent camp....camps still evidence in north Britain may be of this more permanent variety." p. 132
books.google.com/books?id=qeTGH_WjDeYC&pg=PA132&dq=pila%20muralia&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiMzZ_3j-rlAhVkTd8KHUOOA1YQ6AEwAXoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=pila%20muralia&f=false
"Roman Legionary Fortress 27 BC-AD 378" by Duncan B Campbell talks about the evolution of different types of Roman forts - marching camps vs more permanent forts.
"The Roman army had a long tradition of constructing fortified encampments while on campaign. Simple bank-and-ditch defences enclosed an area criss-crossed by a pattern of streets, dividing the camp into a regular layout..." p. 8
Page 66 specifically talks about how daily marching camps evolved into wooden fortifications (that most people typically think about) as the legions were garrisoned permanently in an area, and some evolved into stone and brick fortifications over time.
"From the reign of Augustus (27 BC-AD 14) onwards the Roman Army became a standing force with permanent fortresses distributed throughout the empire. These fortresses developed from the temporary fortifications of the legions on campaign into temporary wooden structures, before finally becoming more elaborate stone fortifications designed to stand the test of time" p. 66
Nooo, you missed how the soldiers quarters were :( but nice video. It needs a little addition, and also the duties of soldiers watching the walls, how the walls and traps were built.
Greetings from León (Legio), in the old Hispania. A city created from the camp of Legio VI Victrix and Legio VII Gemina
Castra Legionis, a crucial strategic point that has looked upon my own ancestors lives too; saludos de Trás-os-Montes, Portugal, not far from Aquae Flaviae (Chaves) and Brigantia (Bragança).
Greetings back from Turky.
Greetings from near Potaissa, old Dacia - now in Transylvania - home of the longest living legion in Roman history - Legio V Macedonica.
Greetings from the Urbs
Greetings from Alba Iulia (Apulum) in old Dacia, a city created from the camp of Legio XIII Gemina. Thirteen! Thirteen!
Oh damn. Last time I was this early Sartorius was owning Romans in Iberia.
Oh yeah? The last time I was this early, Romulus was just find the she-wolf's teat.
@@annoyed707 last time I was this early Aenus was just escaping the fall of troy
I've gotten so used to the voice that it feels weird watching other history videos
@@Hilltycoon hey thanks for the recommendation, I'll check them out
Greetings from Castra ad Urbanus (Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina 🇧🇦)
Listening to the History of Byzantium podcast, so I can't wait until you cover the transition to cataphract cavalry and then theme armies.
When people from the Antiquities have better hygiene than subsequent eras
their bathhouses were very nearly on par with modern ones. But then again, many inventions we see as part of the modern world are actually ancient. for example the Sauna was invented in Finland about 3500 years ago. It's interesting to think that things you see in modern resorts and buildings might actually be thousands of years old.
@@wardeni4806 Romans took it from the Greeks, cold, hot, dry baths all come from Ancient Greece. Spartans heated rocks with water like sauna
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Baths
Minoans had baths 5000 years ago
Of course population at that time was very low. Also no automobiles. So no pollution and better quality of life
@@abhisheksikdar2329 yeah but lower life expectancy because of endless wars
@@isiaharellano3789 and no antibiotics, vaccines, very high child death rate, etc...
1:19 i just love a casual Monty Python reference 👍🏻
I live near the Saalburg...and a small Castellum ruin is on the way if my usual rout I use for day hikes.
Well worth the detour. It is reconstructed. Even Mick Jagger once visited. It is great!
I fully agree on a previous commenter that states that you guys put history related channels or tv programs to shame with your productions and the level of detailed information you provide us. We truly are lucky to have you. Thanks for keeping the quality really high and for finding interesting and educational material to share.
We appreciate the kind words! Here to stay!
Kings and Generals is my number 1 UA-cam channel.
We appreciate it!
Romans 2000 years ago: builds indoor plumbing, bath houses, infirmaries, gardens and heated floors
Medieval People 1500 years after Romans: gets flu, bleeds self out until dead, shit on the floor
You can say the same of much of the West in 200 years.
Yeah, except Romans practiced all of the medical techniques that Medieval people did, including leeching/bleeding. The vast majority of the population of the city of Rome lived in filthy conditions.
@@histguy101 Rome proper must have been a shithole, like any big city
only for citizens... based on current social status. most people here will be slaves doing hard labour
maybe because germanic tribes that inherit the empire are no where near the romans
In my hometown of Koblenz in Germany, there is actually an excavation site of an early fortress which is open to the public. In German it is called "Römerkastell". So seeing this video pop up in my feed was quite a welcome surprise.
Brilliant stuff, love learning about ancient architecture!
I am absolutely delighted by the amount of work you dedicate and the in detail explanations you provide. Please provide more content like this.
I love your channel! It’s excellent on every single level. It’s incredibly informative without being incomprehensible, it looks great, and I absolutely love Roman history, so I pretty much stay on your channel all day. I also just bought my Julius Caesar shirt as well as The Roman Collection shirt and I cannot wait to wear them both at school (I’m a teacher) and out on the town. Keep up the great work! My only suggestion would be to pump out more content but quality is much more important than quantity so just keep doing what you’re doing. Thanks for everything you do, I hope you know how much we all appreciate it.
Appreciate the support! We are trying to release the videos that we have accumulated in 2019 and enter 2020 with new plans, ideas, better quality and so on.
These are my favorite kind of video. Battles are neat, but these help me understand.
Good, more on the way!
Truly amazing stuff, hard to believe they had all that over 2000 years ago.
I dont even have a tub lol.
How? How is everyone here commenting about what the Romans had so amazed with running water?
It's great to see how the quality of this channel evolved over the time,you guys are doing a great job!
Ps:I'm still waiting for the rest of the slave riots in Sicily under the Roman rule,those videos are so interesting...
Such comfort for the army..the more I watched the video the more I get amazed..thx as always..
Interesting to see how organized some of these ancient societies were compared to some of the most powerful nations today. Funny also how There are parts of todays world that will never see this level of civilizational organization
Even today, people still try to figure out how the Roman did it as most of Roman's techs were lost. At least some Roman military doctrines were still being used even today.
@@ryannguyen7466 Such as what? The only Roman invention I can think of that remains a mystery is the recipe for Greek fire, but it's okay, as we have far better weapons.
@@histguy101 roman cement
Lock an key
I absolutely love this channel. Thank you so much for the great content.
Great video. I love these in depth discriptions of how things were or likely were back then, it gives so much more to the story than just the banners clashing and shattering on the battlefield.
The classical age is so distant to us, but yet we want to know more about it.
It's what made Lord of The Rings so good, Tolkien and Peter Jackson didn't only make cool battlescenes with superheroes that for some reason never dies. They made a living world, a believeable world that we could enjoy.
With these videos that's exactly what you're doing, and I for one love these!
Great work, keep it up!
On a different subject, I always am intrigued by the constant presence of the "Batavian" cavalry or presence all around the empire (so it seems!?). Are you planning, eventually, on addressing the topic of the Auxiliary cohorts? Thanks!
Dude, watching these videos really surprises me. The romans were breathtaking in all of their aspects, while eerily similar at the same time.
I love this booming tempo of your uploads!
Man you just watch this video and it reminds you of the genius that was Rome. Nothing complex nothing extravagant but simple in nature. They could throw these up for their 20+ legions and have troops move throughout the empire to know exactly how each fort is laid out and could defend the same. They basically could copy and paste their legionary strategy over and over again. If they lost a legion simply raise 3 more over winter train them and send them out again to re-strengthen the lines. Almost 1000 years later the Saxons struggled mightily with the Vikings. Had they had 25% of the Roman knowledge of raising an army building forts etc.. they could have repelled them easily. It's fascinating to think how backwards they continent went after the fall or rome.
The way this intro was worded, makes it sound like an oreintation video for brand new legionairies to the frontier.
Great detail, amazing artwork - one of your best yet
Awesome work once more. And that music piece at the end, love it.
In ancient Rome happiness, respect, and honor including Spa and the dolce vita were earned not given.
Honestly thank you so much for the layouts of the buildings and names, they're really useful
Still blown away by your videos and Iv been subbed a few months. I save your videos to watch whilst eating a meal alone (only peace I get with a young family) and I look forward to this. Iv been fascinated by the Roman Empire since I was a child and have heavily researched all aspects of their existence. And yet I still learn new things every time I watch one of your videos. They are informative, interesting and well put together. Keep up the good work
So much work in this video. Thank you
I love learning about Rome and her armies
" these don't look like barbarians to me" pyrrhus
This was so fascinating! Roman ingenuity always grabs me.
Thank you so much for these videos!
More and more amazed about the roman military machine. Perfect videos!!!
I’ve been wanting a video on this FOREVER
Another amazing video!
Finally it’s here!!
Do a video on the battle of Didgori..
Great work ! Love this channel
It's astonishing to what detail we know of these roman camps built 2000 years ago, a testament to their civilization and our ability to study history
Your videos are great, I admire your work, keep up doing what you do best!!!
Always great to see more KnG videos 😀
Nice to see George Boon getting a mention. He was a friend of my father. I remember my father being very upset when he died about 30 years ago.
I certainly enjoy your work , thanks for all the research
Thanks for watching!
really interesting video, love the channel, thanks a lot for the content!
i would love to take a walk around a castrum in its prime. great video ! please consider doing a video on Vindolanda, i enjoyed a visit and am impressed by what they found and are still finding
Love your animations.
Very Cool - thanks for sharing!
Can you guys also make a video about how the Romans quickly built temporary fortresses for encampment during campaigns? For example, when going through Britain and Caesar's army comes under attack, they would quickly built a fortress for defence and stay there overnight. Sometimes, they'd even dismantle the whole thing before daylight and sneak away unnoticed. .... Would be interesting to learn how they quickly set up and dismantle such fortresses, and if they marched from place to place with the prefabricated walls, timber & equipment required for quickly building such fortified temporary encampments.
On the map the province of Flevoland is visible in The Netherlands. The province wasn't fully created until the 1950's after the lake was partly undone of water. The Roman cartographer Pomponius Mela named it Lacus Flevo, or Lake Flevo in English. He named in in 44 AD in his work Pomponius Mela. Maybe something to consider for a next Roman vid.
Honestly my favourite channel
💜 nice work
Awesome video K&G. Will you continue about Roman forts? About canabae, the civilian settlement that usually formed around fort. Or Britains Saxon Shore forts?
I was born in Bonn and have always lived here and knew that there has been a roman camp, but sadly I don't exactly know where it used to be. Now I'm really interested in it again. Thanks for teaching me something new about my home ☺️
Amazing. Brilliant!
Shared this video on the fb page of my friends making a new edition of the RPG Lex Arcana and they liked it.
I'm gonna try to build some of these buildings in Conan Exiles.Thank you for posting quality content
Thanks K&G!
Need more videos like this
Excellent informative Video 👍👍👍
Im In love with this series.
Fantastic video! The Romans were amazing engineers for their day, even their forts are a marvel.
a roman fortress is only 20 km from me away and your viedo is very accurate to the fortress (it s called salburg and is in germany hessen )
Nice documentary video. It was interesting to see how the Romans built and operated their fortresses. My compliments to those who made this video a reality.
Great stuff! I would love to see some videos on archaic Greece.
such a great video
Great video 👍🏻
Zup K&G. Have you thought of selling merch like battle maps or floor plans of encampments/forts/castles?
Could you discuss the recreational habits of legions in forts and garrisons? Did they get to drink off duty? Visit brothels in the city? Leave the garrison? Thank you for this video!
Another unsurprisingly excellent video. Maybe if you do the Roman baths video, you can make a comparison with today's common Turkish baths (Which ,most probably, is a continuous tradition from Eastern Roman Empire)
Umturock im abroad studying in Budapest next year and I’m very curious to see how they compare/where that tradition came from
I have to watch this again.
Please do a video on medical services for the troops like surgeons, and other equipment used for field operations by Roman army