I might do a couple more videos on nitric acid like completely acid-free methods to make it and maybe redo the sulfuric acid version since my original video from ten years ago sucks compared to today's standards. My electrochemistry work has been slow since some of the chemicals are taking too long to get here.
Electronics show: it should still work, just work badly. sdfxcv blank: There is? well that sucks. I just got youtube memberships working so hopefully people can move there. we'll see.
I am not a chemist, I've never re-created any of your experiments. However, I have been following you for ~10 years and I still absolutely love your videos. You've taught me so much and I feel like I can follow along with your procedures. Thank you for still doing this, I hope you continue to for many, many, many more years.
@@NurdRage Not a chemist as well. However, my father was one, and as I was interested in chemistry as a kid (age 12 -16) I got all the chemicals I needed for experiments that I found in chemistry books from the local library from him. He basically explained to me the possible dangers and then let me have fun with it. It was mostly inorganic chemistry and yes, the 5kg KNO3 he gave me ended up mostly in smoke ;) As I got older my interests shifted (computers were my second hobby) and I stopped doing experiments. However, when I came across your channel a year ago I decided to get back to my old hobby, bought some glassware and am experimenting again for pure joy and the entertainment of my kids now (they love it). So thanks a lot and I hope you continue for a long time, for me it's the best entertainment for me on youtube. I never thought about patreon - but I'm going to see how it works and you will be the first one I'd contribute to.
@@BillAnt projection- the mental process by which people attribute to others what is in their own minds. For example, individuals who are in a self-critical state, consciously or unconsciously, may think that other people are critical of them. The concept was introduced to psychology by the Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
NurdRage always uses a PPPS (Positive Pressure Personnel Suit) driven by a tank of SF6 in every video as you can hear, so NurdRage is always safe and sound during every experiment. Thanks for lighting up our day, @NurdRage You've been missed.
@@GarryBoyer sulfur hexafluoride and hydrogen fluoride are toxic, work outside or in a fume hood. sulfuric acid and hydrogen fluoride is corrosive, wear gloves when handling it.
Went outside to do the wet process. For context I live near Timmins/Sudbury and it's January 13th. My nitric froze during the distillation in the condenser and in the receiving flask. Neat looking crystals at least. Never thought I'd need to use water in my condenser for heating... Canada moment.
I just turned 18, have been following your experiments since I was 12. Hadn't I found your channel I'd never understand chemistry and grow an interest for it, your videos are the reason why I'm still studying chem.
Nurdrage...could you theoretically lead the exhaust of Diesel cars through a cooled water tank to obtain nitric acid and nitrous acid "on the fly" in desirable quantities? In the aftereffect you could reduce emissions of these gases and would not need urea additives.
For me, ive got almost endless number of used lead-sulphur-acid-batteries which i can turn easily to purified sulphuric acid(how much its cost per kg? and is it how legal to send another hobbyists? i think there is diffirent rules every country.). Otherwise than nitric, what i need to do harder to come by ingredients. Annoying that its hard for hobbyists due untrusworthy people misuse chemicals some idiotic ways.
Sulfuric acid from old batteries is quite dirty, but now I'm trying to work out a method (and also establish contact with the receiving point of batteries) to get nitric and hydrochloric acids from it. Thank you for mentioning this source!
@@dimaminiailo3723 I Can use distillation glassware to purify it. If i needed high purify sulfuric acid. Only it takes time depending size of equipment. And of course, bigger distilliation assembly takes more money when you can get couple kilo systems for less than 50 euros. Hydrocloric is easy to get here because its not controlled. Nitric is expensive cause you can use it most basic explosives. And need police licence to buy it. Im thinked to use extra power production for making nitric from nitrogen in air. See when i have to time and energy to actually do it...
@nurdrage So although the dry method brings with it extreme (potential) convenience, I am going to HIGHLY **HIGHLY** NOT RECOMMEND IT, unless you have a source of **KNOWN PURE SODIUM BISULFATE GUARANTEED TO BE ABSOLUTELY FREE OF ORGANIC ADULTERANTS**. Otherwise, you are going to make **NITRATED ORGANIC SOMETHING** in a heated environment and it is unlikely to go well. I just don't like this dry distillation much anyway as even 100mg of material (not much contamination!) undergoing rapid deflagration or explosion will take your apparatus apart and/or turn it into flying glass. Water on the reaction side should greatly reduce the risk of that. As in, if you get a bit of cellulose type matter into your mixture, it will probably go off once it's been nitrated unless it's sufficiently wet. Other contaminants may be very eager to go bang. Pretty freaking cool though, if you didn't have to worry about unplanned energetic disassembly. 😎
Wow! I'm from the EU and we require a licence for explosive and poisonous precursors (I just got email confirmation I was granted my licence, after 37 WORKING DAYS waiting for a reply, with tip top paperwork), this includes Nitric Acid at concentrations above 3%. Can't believe you can make it with just NaHSO4 and NaNO3 to such high concentrations and with such high yields! almost defeats the purpose of having a licence! Great video and explanation, might try it myself!
On further research, NaNO3 is also a restricted substance in the UK and not easy to purchase, while you can buy it anywhere in mainland Europe no problem... fml
Really? Here in Sweden you find sodium nitrate in the herbs/spice section. And yes, it's pretty interesting that making concentrated nitric acid so easily.
@@NurdRage Well, the demand is semi high. As you probably know it's used for diazotizations. Just like nitric acid it has a couple uses in energetic chemistry. It's used to make azides and turn sodium picramide to diazodinitrophenol. Outside of energetic chemistry it can be used to diazotize lots of things. Alcohols, amine groups, etc. One interesting synthesis of an azo dye uses a diazotization reaction of 4-aminophenol to form a compound that will react with naphthalen-2 ol to form the azo dye. Sodium nitrite can also be used for an amateur to produce copious amounts of nitrogen dioxide gas when mixed with a mineral acid, commonly HCl. When you mix a mineral acid with the sodium nitrite in cold solution, the nitrous acid that's formed is a bit more stable and doesn't immediately decompose. It has a really nice blue color to it. This is the acid that will attack the amine groups or alcohols. It is commonly bought online but many people do not have access to it at all due to regulations. I think it'd make a really great video. Also if you need to make ultra pure sodium you can use the sodium nitrite to make sodium azide. Once you purify the azide you can make ultra pure sodium metal by decomposing it. This works since azides turn into the respective metal and nitrogen gas. Also just a question I have: Do you plan on any multi step organic synthesis in the future? I love those types of series but I also personally know they can be a lot of work. Love your work by the way!
@@tfwmemedumpster No, you're right. Of course I didn't mean that amateurs should use it for that hahahah I just said you're right that those were some other uses of it. I just didn't mention it since it wasn't really chemistry but you still mentioned uses for it.
realedna, no he was correct. To ‘learn you’ is an entirely valid and commonly used phrase. Don’t always try to correct other people if you’re unaware yourself.
caspar valentine, on the contrary, it is Irish-originated and is most commonly used in British English. Also, the phrase “that’ll learn you” is a pretty ubiquitous phrase and sometimes used in highly complex literature. Condescension isn’t pretty on anyone, especially the ignorant.
Cody from Cody'slab reacted the nitrogen and oxygen in the air with electricity to produce nitrogen dioxide and bubbled it through water to make nitric acid.would this be an effective method of making it?
@@mikeguitar9769 "[...] The process is extremely energy intensive. Birkeland used a nearby hydroelectric power station for the electricity as this process demanded about 15 MWh per ton of nitric acid, yielding approximately 60 g per kWh.[...]
Considering difficulty or expense of obtaining sulphuric acid by some, I wish to put forth the following info. sulphuric acid Typically referring to the type of acid used in rechargeable lead-acid batteries, like the ones used in cars, battery acid is made of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) that has been diluted with purified water to a concentration of around 30-50%.
You're welcome! Btw does "reloader" have a special meaning in your phrasing? (I keep thinking UA-cam reuploaders but that can't be what you're talking about)
@@NurdRage just gun ammo reloading. Election years tend to cause a massive scare, and ammo prices tend to skyrocket or the ammo is just simply not there.
@@JoeSkylynx You just had to go and mention using nitric acid for use in explosives, didn't you? :( Ever wonder why we amateur chemists even have to go through all these steps to make our own nitric acid instead of just buying it from the hardware store like in the good old days? Or why honest UA-cam chemists keep getting channel strikes for purely wholesome and educational content (whilst objectively offensive and hateful content is allowed to remain on UA-cam?) It's because of people like you whose first thought is to use any chemical for producing explosive substances. This is why we can't have nice things. When _I_ hear about nitric acid, my first thought is to use it for refining precious metals or as an oxidizer for liquid-fuel rockets. *Don't* try to make your own smokeless powder at home unless you relish the possibility of turning your barrel into a metal flower and place relatively little value on your hands and fingers. Considering how easy it is to blow up your firearm with an improper charge of _factory produced propellants_ or even to get other terrifying/undesirable results just by using the _wrong sort_ of powder (e.g. reloading rifle cartridges with pistol powder or mixing rifle and pistol powders), making your own smokeless powder to deal with high ammo prices is extremely foolish. To be fair, it wouldn't be hard to make rudimentary propellants like cordite, but good luck finding reliable data for reloading modern cartridges like .223 with cordite, given that that propellant has been obsolete since the sun finally set on the British Empire. And even once you have your cordite, you'd have a long and tortuous battery of trial-and-error experiments awaiting you: good luck figuring out the correct grain size, shape, and burn rate to achieve decent, consistent performance somewhere between squib loads and kabooms. And this is all while avoiding frightening accidents in the production stage such as runaway nitration and accidental ignition of reagents/products that have plagued even industrial ammo manufacturers over the years. If you somehow have the setup to produce high-quality, reliable, and consistent smokeless powder at home with a healthy margin of safety, then you probably have the means to either hire private security or to buy out every box of ammo in your preferred calibers within the tri-state area.
It’s weird. I’m somehow still in the ”Nurdrage has not posted in months” mindset despite you having posted quite a decent amount of videos lately. When I saw this, I was like:”Holy moly, is Nurdrage finally back?!”, then I remembered this is your 3rd video in a month :D Anyway, great video! Thank you for sharing and have a nice day!
watched the vid as soon as it come out, ordered everything the same day, just finished distilling about 10 mins ago.. 95% yield. ( With Potassium Nitrate ) THANKYOU!1!! =)
U say "Use gloves when handling them" which isnt very smart considering nitric acids enormous oxidizing property resulting in your hands burning as soon as they touch your standard lab gloves. Pls bring awareness to this fact if u havent already. Thx
No, just highly concentrated nitric acid react with nitrile/latex gloves, "fuming nitric acid" (>90%). Standart lab concentration is the azeotrope at 68%, and it doesn't react at all with nitrile/latex gloves.
and boil it down to get 98%, although most of the auto parts store I've went to don't want to sell it to individuals, but I found sulfuric acid drain opener, so sulfuric isn't a problem for me now.
So if anhydrous sodium bisulphate was used instead, this method could theoretically produce fuming nitric acid? After all, that's still less temperature than what's required to distill sulphuric acid.
@@mylesbishop1240 You can but it could be illegal in some countries. For instance in the UK you aren't allowed to posess more than 15% sulphuric without a licence. Max 3% for nitric. To get a license you need a criminal recod check and mental health report.
Hey man, good to have you back! Love the series where you tackle synthetis of essential lab ingredients, endlessly useful. Never seen anyone take on Hydrogen Proxide, industrial method looks super complicated. Is there a method to actually make some instead of dealing with low quality and contaminated "over the shelf" stuff?
making hydrogen peroxide is an absolute pain but in most places you can buy 35% peroxide, hell, here you can buy 50% unless you are european, otherwise good luck with your 12% peroxide at best
@@VerbenaIDK yeah, also surprisingly hard to find information on its synthetis One could say the same about sodium metal, but he managed to find a good solution for the home chemist Not easy to buy anything over %3 OTC without it having additives where I live
Thank you, my friend, for this valuable video..... I appreciate your successful attempt to prepare nitric acid in a cheap and efficient way.... Thank you very much.
This is awesome! I was going to make some nitric acid again soon and I think I’ll try this because it’ll save my valuable concentrated sulfuric acid. Thanks a lot!
Could you give the amount of potassium nitrate needed. Guess I'm dense right now and doing the stoichiometry and is just not working for me. The number i keep getting i know is wrong. Loved the video as I do almost all of yours...thanks
I've read extensively on the use of H2O2 as a scrubbing solution for NO2, but everything I've read says you should never mix peroxide directly with HNO3. I'm so intrigued by your use of it as a clarifier. I'm assuming this would work to stabilize Red Fuming by transforming it into White Fuming via conversion of the oxidized gasses. What concentrations of H2O2 and in what volumes would you recommend using?
I have anhydrous Sodium Bisulfate. Can I add a little water to the mixture of Sodium Bisulfate and Sodium nitrate and get the same yield as the dry method? Pool PH down will be anhydrous Sodium Bisulfate.
Another way to remove the NO2 and create perfectly clear nitric acid is to use an aquarium air pump or something similar. Just let it blow air into the flask for an hour and the acid is clear. If you have a multi-neck flask you can even do this during the distillation. If you really care about the purity you can first clean the air flow with some NaOH (to remove CO2, etc..) and dry it with CaCl2.
Not sure if you check comments on old videos but I was recently trying to make HCl using your method from a previous video. There you perform a "mostly" dry method. Do you think the wet methods that you show here would also work well? In my case I accidentally added way too much water to the reaction mix which in the end partially distilled over to the suckback trap and the rest just basically refluxed in the reaction flask so it never got too hot. The distilled part is definitely acidic but not yet confirmed for sure whether it's hydrochloric acid.
Me trying to yield nitric acid for synthesis of ammonium nitrate but this guy is like "you might wondering where i got sodium nitrate and tells i actually made it by reacting ammonium nitrate and sodium hydroxide" i was like what did you sayyyy!!!
Thank you Nurdrage! You are truely THE MacGyver of chemistry! @5:20 the ammonium nitrate, which caused the Beirut detonation 3 days ago(est. 2750 t, power of 10% of Hiroshima-Nuclear bomb according to London Evening Standard)? (twitter.com/hxhassan/status/1290691164270723075) So for obtaining sodium nitrate you would use fertilizer or instant cold packs as ammonium nitrate source? Are there other easily accessible sources for nitrates? Thx again!
Interesting choice of chemicals. As in my place sulfuric acid is sold in the supermarket next to the socks and soap LOL along with air fresheners for cars. it is known as an electrolyte for car batteries and I never saw this "Sodium Bisulfate" anywhere in existence.
Prof, I know you're probably tired of Dr Stone comments, but would you ever do a video series of mythbusters-testing Dr Stone experiments? I'd be glad to help in any way necessary!
Is there a method to gwt ut from ammonium sulphate ?, ,i guesa its pissible but i need a roton exchange cell and membranes ,membranea are cheap i will buy 1000 of them preparing for doomsday
Is it possible to make 99% nitric acid with this Method? Or does it still require dehydration with sulfuric acid or magnesium nitrate? Please let me know 😜
I tried the dry method using 2 moles of sodium bisulfate monohydrate to 1 mole of potassium nitrate, but my distillation set exploded with nitrogen dioxide gas. Is there any way to prevent this from happening in the future?
I read in an old chemistry book that the NO2 contamination can be removed by bubbling hydrogen through the acid. I guess that the hydrogen reacts with the NO2 and gets converted to water in the process?
Yes, but also ammonia. NH3 will not only destroy some of your HNO3, but it's also a waste of nitrogenous product -- better to use hydrogen peroxide which will actually create more nitric acid. The amount is small, but if you do this repeatedly and are very careful to keep the h2o2 scrubbing solution cold and in an amber (or opaque or foil-wrapped) bottle/flask, you can accumulate a decent amount of "extra" nitric acid over time. You'll probably have to reuse the scrubbing solution relatively quickly, though, as h2o2 is quite unstable (hence the cold-and- dark clause above) and I don't know how long it'll last once you start bubbling NOx through it. I'd imagine a few weeks at least, based on research I just made up in my head :)
Hi I need some nitric acid to refine some gold that I alloyed to the wrong colour and am wondering 1. where do those plastic tubes go and 2. What are the names of the glassware items that you are using. Thanks
if anyone sees this comment and also live in australia, you can legally buy a chemical mix called moflo, drain cleaner really, its 98% sulfuric acid and rust inhibitor, you can clean it yourself but its an excellent source
I use the same method to make conc. fuming HCL. I mix equal proportions of Sodium Hydrogen Sulphate (PH Minus) with NaCl and heat. The gases I bubble into distilled water.
@@karolus28 No. It will just mix well with the molten sodium bisulphate. You will see lots of bubbling meaning you have the right temperature. Start off with a very high temperature from a torch flame until it starts to bubble and boil a bit. Just be careful it does not boil over.
I have a batshit insane idea... Nitric acid from hydrogen peroxide decomposition of potassium nitrate in a very small amount of water for that reaction. Distillation? No distillation? Questions I can't answer with my redneck chemistry set of beer bottles and mason jars... 😂
amara to k nitrate o sulfuric acid deye toiri kori ...er sobidhaki?...amd. k nitrete na bole dohare a k soora bola hoy ...thanks for helping us ..with love amd.nb. e kaz apni korle poro apnar risk e korben...notonra mone rakben its a very dagerous work....amd. nice science club ,dhaka
Yep, the amateur chemist can't be allowed to buy stuff for home use, they might create sciences at home that educate themselves, it's just an awful idea, learning about things with experiments and whatnot, if you listen to the nanny state and all... :P
Hey, even is biologists usually have some nitric floating around..... Looks over at acid cabinet list.... Damnit I'm out. Guess I'm up to the chemical supplier Monday.
So, say you're dissolving silver. Could you add the hydrogen peroxide to assist the reaction? Or, capture the escaping NO2 with hydrogen peroxide to form NO3?
Battery acid should be pure 30% sulphuric acid in distilled water. HAs anyone a reaction to produce sulphuric acid or oleum? Does the V2O5 catalyst work at lab scale?
Thank you! The wet method is horse browns and now maybe people will stop intentionally making dilute nitric acid only to have to distill it 2 or 3 times to make it useful. It is bizarre that you live in a land where ammonium nitrate grows on trees but sulfuric acid is a magical unicorn. I can buy a gallon of 95 percent sulfuric acid for $20 at any hardware store but I can't get any nitrate whatsoever. I don't know if the oxidizer component of tannerite can be safely used as a nitrate source. I find it a little ass-backwards that I would be buying actual explosives to make nitric acid.
Some countries banned every nitrate salt out there, but if your country didn't ban them yet, then you will probably find them on the internet as stump removers, or fertilizers(90% pure) . If your country banned pure nitrate salts, then you might want to look for fertilizers that have for example 20 % ammonium nitrate and the rest is some insoluble filler. But in some places it's just impossible to find any nitrate salt
I might do a couple more videos on nitric acid like completely acid-free methods to make it and maybe redo the sulfuric acid version since my original video from ten years ago sucks compared to today's standards. My electrochemistry work has been slow since some of the chemicals are taking too long to get here.
Can you show how to make white fuming nitric acid?
Please can you reply on the video of the liquid tin .what is the use of the 1g of acid sulfuric and if i dont have it ? Does the soulution work
so there is a lawsuit that could make patron go belly up, might want to jump ship...
Electronics show: it should still work, just work badly.
sdfxcv blank: There is? well that sucks. I just got youtube memberships working so hopefully people can move there. we'll see.
@@NurdRage I still heavily recommend looking into subscribe star. it's best to get the setup process done and just have it in your back pocket
Its so nice to hear that scary voice in these troubling times ❤❤I've missed u
Me too!
( ͡ʘ ͜ʖ ͡ʘ)
👁👄👁
I am not a chemist, I've never re-created any of your experiments. However, I have been following you for ~10 years and I still absolutely love your videos. You've taught me so much and I feel like I can follow along with your procedures. Thank you for still doing this, I hope you continue to for many, many, many more years.
thank you!
@@NurdRage Not a chemist as well. However, my father was one, and as I was interested in chemistry as a kid (age 12 -16) I got all the chemicals I needed for experiments that I found in chemistry books from the local library from him. He basically explained to me the possible dangers and then let me have fun with it. It was mostly inorganic chemistry and yes, the 5kg KNO3 he gave me ended up mostly in smoke ;)
As I got older my interests shifted (computers were my second hobby) and I stopped doing experiments. However, when I came across your channel a year ago I decided to get back to my old hobby, bought some glassware and am experimenting again for pure joy and the entertainment of my kids now (they love it).
So thanks a lot and I hope you continue for a long time, for me it's the best entertainment for me on youtube.
I never thought about patreon - but I'm going to see how it works and you will be the first one I'd contribute to.
Riiiiight.... how's that MDMA reaction coming along?! xD
@@BillAnt
projection- the mental process by which people attribute to others what is in their own minds. For example, individuals who are in a self-critical state, consciously or unconsciously, may think that other people are critical of them. The concept was introduced to psychology by the Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
I have too lol... I remeber finding this channel in 2009. 😉
NurdRage always uses a PPPS (Positive Pressure Personnel Suit) driven by a tank of SF6 in every video as you can hear, so NurdRage is always safe and sound during every experiment.
Thanks for lighting up our day, @NurdRage
You've been missed.
Caution, sulfur hexafluoride is a super greenhouse gas.
@@GarryBoyer sulfur hexafluoride and hydrogen fluoride are toxic, work outside or in a fume hood.
sulfuric acid and hydrogen fluoride is corrosive, wear gloves when handling it.
Me: I should be going to sleep...
NurdRage: Nope, here is a video.
i fucking love going to bed and put some chemistry videos for sleeping, its so relaxing!! then the day after i watch the video again :P
@@doomhunta1094 the best
He is back , this is worth celebrating
Welcome back nurdrage!!! It’s been a while!!!
Sodium nitrate + sodium bisulfate. (8:35)
1:45 Dry method.
4:48 Wet method.
NurdRage: Bringing you chemistry that you can do with as few items of glassware as possible.
:D
“You can even have violent decomposition” creepy timing...
whoohoooo i totaly forgot about this channel happy to see it still exists :D
The hell haha. Exactly the same after watching Nielred I was like humm maybe he still makes videos haha
Went outside to do the wet process. For context I live near Timmins/Sudbury and it's January 13th. My nitric froze during the distillation in the condenser and in the receiving flask. Neat looking crystals at least. Never thought I'd need to use water in my condenser for heating...
Canada moment.
I just turned 18, have been following your experiments since I was 12. Hadn't I found your channel I'd never understand chemistry and grow an interest for it, your videos are the reason why I'm still studying chem.
How is it going in your chemistry work?
Nurdrage...could you theoretically lead the exhaust of Diesel cars through a cooled water tank to obtain nitric acid and nitrous acid "on the fly" in desirable quantities? In the aftereffect you could reduce emissions of these gases and would not need urea additives.
I'm afraid that's not possible. Do not be sad: nitrogen oxides do not pollute the environment for a long time
For me, ive got almost endless number of used lead-sulphur-acid-batteries which i can turn easily to purified sulphuric acid(how much its cost per kg? and is it how legal to send another hobbyists? i think there is diffirent rules every country.). Otherwise than nitric, what i need to do harder to come by ingredients. Annoying that its hard for hobbyists due untrusworthy people misuse chemicals some idiotic ways.
Sulfuric acid from old batteries is quite dirty, but now I'm trying to work out a method (and also establish contact with the receiving point of batteries) to get nitric and hydrochloric acids from it. Thank you for mentioning this source!
@@dimaminiailo3723 I Can use distillation glassware to purify it. If i needed high purify sulfuric acid. Only it takes time depending size of equipment. And of course, bigger distilliation assembly takes more money when you can get couple kilo systems for less than 50 euros. Hydrocloric is easy to get here because its not controlled. Nitric is expensive cause you can use it most basic explosives. And need police licence to buy it. Im thinked to use extra power production for making nitric from nitrogen in air. See when i have to time and energy to actually do it...
@nurdrage So although the dry method brings with it extreme (potential) convenience, I am going to HIGHLY **HIGHLY** NOT RECOMMEND IT, unless you have a source of **KNOWN PURE SODIUM BISULFATE GUARANTEED TO BE ABSOLUTELY FREE OF ORGANIC ADULTERANTS**.
Otherwise, you are going to make **NITRATED ORGANIC SOMETHING** in a heated environment and it is unlikely to go well.
I just don't like this dry distillation much anyway as even 100mg of material (not much contamination!) undergoing rapid deflagration or explosion will take your apparatus apart and/or turn it into flying glass. Water on the reaction side should greatly reduce the risk of that.
As in, if you get a bit of cellulose type matter into your mixture, it will probably go off once it's been nitrated unless it's sufficiently wet. Other contaminants may be very eager to go bang.
Pretty freaking cool though, if you didn't have to worry about unplanned energetic disassembly. 😎
The one dislike is from a Sodium atom
No sodium atoms were harmed during the production of this video.
Your depth of explanation has kept me from getting injured more than once... Thank you
'Sodium bisulfate is corrosive'
*Idly grabs handfuls out of a bag while cleaning the pool*
Wait, I think I missed something..
Your a saint was just about to whip up some nitric tonight looks like I got a new experiment:)
Here HNO3 is available to buy as limescale remover for heating systems made of aluminium, but you can only buy a 5 or 10 liters jug
Wow! I'm from the EU and we require a licence for explosive and poisonous precursors (I just got email confirmation I was granted my licence, after 37 WORKING DAYS waiting for a reply, with tip top paperwork), this includes Nitric Acid at concentrations above 3%. Can't believe you can make it with just NaHSO4 and NaNO3 to such high concentrations and with such high yields! almost defeats the purpose of having a licence!
Great video and explanation, might try it myself!
On further research, NaNO3 is also a restricted substance in the UK and not easy to purchase, while you can buy it anywhere in mainland Europe no problem... fml
Really? Here in Sweden you find sodium nitrate in the herbs/spice section. And yes, it's pretty interesting that making concentrated nitric acid so easily.
Have you ever thought about trying to make pure sodium nitrite? People always get impure crap and never try to purify it.
Is the demand for sodium nitrite that high? and what do amateurs use it for?
@@NurdRage Well, the demand is semi high. As you probably know it's used for diazotizations. Just like nitric acid it has a couple uses in energetic chemistry. It's used to make azides and turn sodium picramide to diazodinitrophenol.
Outside of energetic chemistry it can be used to diazotize lots of things. Alcohols, amine groups, etc. One interesting synthesis of an azo dye uses a diazotization reaction of 4-aminophenol to form a compound that will react with naphthalen-2 ol to form the azo dye.
Sodium nitrite can also be used for an amateur to produce copious amounts of nitrogen dioxide gas when mixed with a mineral acid, commonly HCl.
When you mix a mineral acid with the sodium nitrite in cold solution, the nitrous acid that's formed is a bit more stable and doesn't immediately decompose. It has a really nice blue color to it. This is the acid that will attack the amine groups or alcohols. It is commonly bought online but many people do not have access to it at all due to regulations.
I think it'd make a really great video. Also if you need to make ultra pure sodium you can use the sodium nitrite to make sodium azide. Once you purify the azide you can make ultra pure sodium metal by decomposing it. This works since azides turn into the respective metal and nitrogen gas.
Also just a question I have:
Do you plan on any multi step organic synthesis in the future? I love those types of series but I also personally know they can be a lot of work. Love your work by the way!
@@tfwmemedumpster Oh yea good point I had forgotten about those!
@@tfwmemedumpster No, you're right. Of course I didn't mean that amateurs should use it for that hahahah I just said you're right that those were some other uses of it. I just didn't mention it since it wasn't really chemistry but you still mentioned uses for it.
Wait. amateures are really making azo dyes? send me some links on what they're doing.
Very nice! I like the video.
I have a liter of conc. Sulfuric acid which I do rarely need but I can not get any nitrate salts...
WARNINGS! This video will learn you something.
*teach
realedna, no he was correct. To ‘learn you’ is an entirely valid and commonly used phrase. Don’t always try to correct other people if you’re unaware yourself.
caspar valentine, on the contrary, it is Irish-originated and is most commonly used in British English. Also, the phrase “that’ll learn you” is a pretty ubiquitous phrase and sometimes used in highly complex literature. Condescension isn’t pretty on anyone, especially the ignorant.
Cody from Cody'slab reacted the nitrogen and oxygen in the air with electricity to produce nitrogen dioxide and bubbled it through water to make nitric acid.would this be an effective method of making it?
Ha found it
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkeland-Eyde_process
@@mikeguitar9769 "[...] The process is extremely energy intensive. Birkeland used a nearby hydroelectric power station for the electricity as this process demanded about 15 MWh per ton of nitric acid, yielding approximately 60 g per kWh.[...]
If only there was an extra gigawatt-hour of energy every day,, oh here ya go:
www.caiso.com/documents/curtailmentfastfacts.pdf
Considering difficulty or expense of obtaining sulphuric acid by some, I wish to put forth the following info.
sulphuric acid
Typically referring to the type of acid used in rechargeable lead-acid batteries, like the ones used in cars, battery acid is made of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) that has been diluted with purified water to a concentration of around 30-50%.
Nurd, you have answered the prayers of reloaders everywhere, thank you.
You're welcome! Btw does "reloader" have a special meaning in your phrasing? (I keep thinking UA-cam reuploaders but that can't be what you're talking about)
@@NurdRage just gun ammo reloading. Election years tend to cause a massive scare, and ammo prices tend to skyrocket or the ammo is just simply not there.
@@JoeSkylynx is nitric acid needed to reload ammo?
@@SoulDelSol it's about getting smokeless powder in its most basic forms.
@@JoeSkylynx You just had to go and mention using nitric acid for use in explosives, didn't you? :( Ever wonder why we amateur chemists even have to go through all these steps to make our own nitric acid instead of just buying it from the hardware store like in the good old days? Or why honest UA-cam chemists keep getting channel strikes for purely wholesome and educational content (whilst objectively offensive and hateful content is allowed to remain on UA-cam?) It's because of people like you whose first thought is to use any chemical for producing explosive substances. This is why we can't have nice things.
When _I_ hear about nitric acid, my first thought is to use it for refining precious metals or as an oxidizer for liquid-fuel rockets.
*Don't* try to make your own smokeless powder at home unless you relish the possibility of turning your barrel into a metal flower and place relatively little value on your hands and fingers. Considering how easy it is to blow up your firearm with an improper charge of _factory produced propellants_ or even to get other terrifying/undesirable results just by using the _wrong sort_ of powder (e.g. reloading rifle cartridges with pistol powder or mixing rifle and pistol powders), making your own smokeless powder to deal with high ammo prices is extremely foolish.
To be fair, it wouldn't be hard to make rudimentary propellants like cordite, but good luck finding reliable data for reloading modern cartridges like .223 with cordite, given that that propellant has been obsolete since the sun finally set on the British Empire. And even once you have your cordite, you'd have a long and tortuous battery of trial-and-error experiments awaiting you: good luck figuring out the correct grain size, shape, and burn rate to achieve decent, consistent performance somewhere between squib loads and kabooms. And this is all while avoiding frightening accidents in the production stage such as runaway nitration and accidental ignition of reagents/products that have plagued even industrial ammo manufacturers over the years.
If you somehow have the setup to produce high-quality, reliable, and consistent smokeless powder at home with a healthy margin of safety, then you probably have the means to either hire private security or to buy out every box of ammo in your preferred calibers within the tri-state area.
It’s weird. I’m somehow still in the ”Nurdrage has not posted in months” mindset despite you having posted quite a decent amount of videos lately. When I saw this, I was like:”Holy moly, is Nurdrage finally back?!”, then I remembered this is your 3rd video in a month :D Anyway, great video! Thank you for sharing and have a nice day!
Hi could you make a video about perchlorate synthesis like potassium or sodium perchlorate by electrolysis
watched the vid as soon as it come out, ordered everything the same day, just finished distilling about 10 mins ago.. 95% yield. ( With Potassium Nitrate ) THANKYOU!1!! =)
@Ahapid KNO3/NaNO3 + NaHSO4 has a eutectic melting point of only 220°C.. so your safe, hope that helps =))
@Ahapid best of luck, this produces VAST amounts of NOx so be prepared :D
U say "Use gloves when handling them" which isnt very smart considering nitric acids enormous oxidizing property resulting in your hands burning as soon as they touch your standard lab gloves. Pls bring awareness to this fact if u havent already. Thx
No, just highly concentrated nitric acid react with nitrile/latex gloves, "fuming nitric acid" (>90%).
Standart lab concentration is the azeotrope at 68%, and it doesn't react at all with nitrile/latex gloves.
You can get a high percent sulfuric acid at the auto parts store it is for automotive batteries and it's cheap.
and boil it down to get 98%, although most of the auto parts store I've went to don't want to sell it to individuals, but I found sulfuric acid drain opener, so sulfuric isn't a problem for me now.
So if anhydrous sodium bisulphate was used instead, this method could theoretically produce fuming nitric acid? After all, that's still less temperature than what's required to distill sulphuric acid.
In Germany you can buy 10l 50% sulphuric acid for ~15€
Lucky bastards....
Try that without the correct licences in the UK and you could get 2 years in jail.
If you buy enough and distill it could you bring your % up?
@@mylesbishop1240 I just boil it, easy 90+ %.
The only other chemical in there is Water.
@@mylesbishop1240 You can but it could be illegal in some countries. For instance in the UK you aren't allowed to posess more than 15% sulphuric without a licence. Max 3% for nitric. To get a license you need a criminal recod check and mental health report.
Never tried it that way but then again sulfuric acid is cheap here.
Finally! A "normal" video from NurdRage!
@@tfwmemedumpster I meant not some water purification, garden in beaker... Some good old chemistry. Waiting for sodium metal 😉
Hey man, good to have you back!
Love the series where you tackle synthetis of essential lab ingredients, endlessly useful.
Never seen anyone take on Hydrogen Proxide, industrial method looks super complicated. Is there a method to actually make some instead of dealing with low quality and contaminated "over the shelf" stuff?
OTC stuff should all be USP. So it shouldn't be contaminated.
OTC usually has inhibitors to stop the peroxide from degrading, but every brand is different.
making hydrogen peroxide is an absolute pain
but in most places you can buy 35% peroxide, hell, here you can buy 50%
unless you are european, otherwise good luck with your 12% peroxide at best
@@VerbenaIDK yeah, also surprisingly hard to find information on its synthetis
One could say the same about sodium metal, but he managed to find a good solution for the home chemist
Not easy to buy anything over %3 OTC without it having additives where I live
@@LateNightHacks well, ig you just have to deal with the peroxide you have
h2o2 is extremely hard to make
Thank you, my friend, for this valuable video..... I appreciate your successful attempt to prepare nitric acid in a cheap and efficient way.... Thank you very much.
Any plans for videos about retrosynthetic analysis software?
This is awesome! I was going to make some nitric acid again soon and I think I’ll try this because it’ll save my valuable concentrated sulfuric acid. Thanks a lot!
[Enter early comment joke here]
Edit: On a side note, I got the notification for this video, so nice that it works now!
Could you give the amount of potassium nitrate needed. Guess I'm dense right now and doing the stoichiometry and is just not working for me. The number i keep getting i know is wrong. Loved the video as I do almost all of yours...thanks
if you're using the same amount of NaHS04 as in the video (150g), then use 50g of KNO3
@@NurdRage thank you,for some reason i was coming up 50% greater, I'm sure it's me having a total brain fart....your the man...
I've read extensively on the use of H2O2 as a scrubbing solution for NO2, but everything I've read says you should never mix peroxide directly with HNO3. I'm so intrigued by your use of it as a clarifier. I'm assuming this would work to stabilize Red Fuming by transforming it into White Fuming via conversion of the oxidized gasses. What concentrations of H2O2 and in what volumes would you recommend using?
I have anhydrous Sodium Bisulfate. Can I add a little water to the mixture of Sodium Bisulfate and Sodium nitrate and get the same yield as the dry method? Pool PH down will be anhydrous Sodium Bisulfate.
Another way to remove the NO2 and create perfectly clear nitric acid is to use an aquarium air pump or something similar. Just let it blow air into the flask for an hour and the acid is clear. If you have a multi-neck flask you can even do this during the distillation. If you really care about the purity you can first clean the air flow with some NaOH (to remove CO2, etc..) and dry it with CaCl2.
very cool
Thanks for this awesome video NurdRage.
Not sure if you check comments on old videos but I was recently trying to make HCl using your method from a previous video. There you perform a "mostly" dry method. Do you think the wet methods that you show here would also work well? In my case I accidentally added way too much water to the reaction mix which in the end partially distilled over to the suckback trap and the rest just basically refluxed in the reaction flask so it never got too hot. The distilled part is definitely acidic but not yet confirmed for sure whether it's hydrochloric acid.
0:56
بديل حمض الكبريتيك = كبريتات الصوديوم(مستخدم لخفض حموضة حمامات السباحة)
Me trying to yield nitric acid for synthesis of ammonium nitrate but this guy is like "you might wondering where i got sodium nitrate and tells i actually made it by reacting ammonium nitrate and sodium hydroxide" i was like what did you sayyyy!!!
Thank you Nurdrage! You are truely THE MacGyver of chemistry!
@5:20 the ammonium nitrate, which caused the Beirut detonation 3 days ago(est. 2750 t, power of 10% of Hiroshima-Nuclear bomb according to London Evening Standard)? (twitter.com/hxhassan/status/1290691164270723075)
So for obtaining sodium nitrate you would use fertilizer or instant cold packs as ammonium nitrate source?
Are there other easily accessible sources for nitrates?
Thx again!
Interesting choice of chemicals. As in my place sulfuric acid is sold in the supermarket next to the socks and soap LOL along with air fresheners for cars. it is known as an electrolyte for car batteries
and I never saw this "Sodium Bisulfate" anywhere in existence.
Hahaha if u don't have a pool it's normal that u don't know what it is
Calcium Nitrate is less watched agrichem and dried gives conc Nitric Acid. FINELY powdered added to 0°C H2SO4 gives blue nitrating solution.
Prof, I know you're probably tired of Dr Stone comments, but would you ever do a video series of mythbusters-testing Dr Stone experiments? I'd be glad to help in any way necessary!
Is there a method to gwt ut from ammonium sulphate ?, ,i guesa its pissible but i need a roton exchange cell and membranes ,membranea are cheap i will buy 1000 of them preparing for doomsday
How about just water electrolysis of kno3 or znno2, nitrates, into metal and hno3
Could you make a video showing how the chemical phenol is made
I have the opposite problem. I have access to large quantities of 98% Sulphuric Acid but very low access to any nitrated salt.
Did you have shematic of chrmical procces how it's works to deeply understanding
Is it possible to make 99% nitric acid with this Method? Or does it still require dehydration with sulfuric acid or magnesium nitrate? Please let me know 😜
I tried the dry method using 2 moles of sodium bisulfate monohydrate to 1 mole of potassium nitrate, but my distillation set exploded with nitrogen dioxide gas.
Is there any way to prevent this from happening in the future?
Would it be possible to replace the NaNO3 with KNO3 (with the same stoichiometric proportion)?
I read in an old chemistry book that the NO2 contamination can be removed by bubbling hydrogen through the acid. I guess that the hydrogen reacts with the NO2 and gets converted to water in the process?
Yes, but also ammonia. NH3 will not only destroy some of your HNO3, but it's also a waste of nitrogenous product -- better to use hydrogen peroxide which will actually create more nitric acid. The amount is small, but if you do this repeatedly and are very careful to keep the h2o2 scrubbing solution cold and in an amber (or opaque or foil-wrapped) bottle/flask, you can accumulate a decent amount of "extra" nitric acid over time. You'll probably have to reuse the scrubbing solution relatively quickly, though, as h2o2 is quite unstable (hence the cold-and- dark clause above) and I don't know how long it'll last once you start bubbling NOx through it. I'd imagine a few weeks at least, based on research I just made up in my head :)
Excuse me where can i find busulfate ? Its impossible where i live ,it better to go to a car scrap yard and but as many baterries as i can
Hi I need some nitric acid to refine some gold that I alloyed to the wrong colour and am wondering 1. where do those plastic tubes go and 2. What are the names of the glassware items that you are using. Thanks
if anyone sees this comment and also live in australia, you can legally buy a chemical mix called moflo, drain cleaner really, its 98% sulfuric acid and rust inhibitor, you can clean it yourself but its an excellent source
Only 40 K views ? Youtbe algorithm very nice...
Sulferic acid is easy to buy. Look at the internet. How do you think chemistry classes get supplys
Where are you finding cheap sodium bisulfate monohydrate?
Sulfuric acid hard? Try getting nitrates in Europe...
The na2so4 crystals can trap some hno3 thus lowering the yelid
Sodium Nitrate scares the hell out of me now, after seeing the explosion in Beirut today...
Ammonium nitrate
L
@@lordmao8185 lmao
Love u NurdRage
I'm curious about the white residue left over. Is that Ammonium Nitrate ?
So good to see another of your videos NR !
You are an internet legend !
I use the same method to make conc. fuming HCL. I mix equal proportions of Sodium Hydrogen Sulphate (PH Minus) with NaCl and heat. The gases I bubble into distilled water.
very cool, I also thought about trying that out
@@karolus28 Both chemicals must melt otherwise you'll only get weak acid.
@@Berghiker so NaCl must melt too?
@@karolus28 No. It will just mix well with the molten sodium bisulphate. You will see lots of bubbling meaning you have the right temperature. Start off with a very high temperature from a torch flame until it starts to bubble and boil a bit. Just be careful it does not boil over.
@@Berghiker ok
Do you need some kind of grease between the jpints of the glassware?
Hello Calcium Nitrate is also good? Thanks.
Yeah! where you at? perhaps i could move in! Got to get to the laboratory and do some experiments!
ارجو ترجمة الفيديو الى الغه العربيه
Notice the concentrated acid has more no2 (orange gas) than the dilute stuff
I have a batshit insane idea...
Nitric acid from hydrogen peroxide decomposition of potassium nitrate in a very small amount of water for that reaction.
Distillation? No distillation?
Questions I can't answer with my redneck chemistry set of beer bottles and mason jars... 😂
Isn’t there a way to make nitric acid with sodium nitrate and hydrochloric acid?
@NurdRage If I had to guess, the sodium bisulfate acid making method is an application of the Bronsted Lowry acid-base theory?
amara to k nitrate o sulfuric acid deye toiri kori ...er sobidhaki?...amd. k nitrete na bole dohare a k soora bola hoy ...thanks for helping us ..with love amd.nb. e kaz apni korle poro apnar risk e korben...notonra mone rakben its a very dagerous work....amd. nice science club ,dhaka
Yep, the amateur chemist can't be allowed to buy stuff for home use, they might create sciences at home that educate themselves, it's just an awful idea, learning about things with experiments and whatnot, if you listen to the nanny state and all... :P
I'm not sure if it's true but are you Canadian and if so do you know the legality of HNO3 here among amateur chemists?
What are the white deposits that collect on the lid of the nitric acid storage container?
Hey, even is biologists usually have some nitric floating around..... Looks over at acid cabinet list.... Damnit I'm out. Guess I'm up to the chemical supplier Monday.
hi
It would be cool to see a video how to recalculate the Stoichiometry.
I must change location ,im planning to live near a volcano
No matter how u try ,u need sox gas as a starting point .
So, say you're dissolving silver. Could you add the hydrogen peroxide to assist the reaction? Or, capture the escaping NO2 with hydrogen peroxide to form NO3?
Battery acid should be pure 30% sulphuric acid in distilled water.
HAs anyone a reaction to produce sulphuric acid or oleum? Does the V2O5 catalyst work at lab scale?
Thank you! The wet method is horse browns and now maybe people will stop intentionally making dilute nitric acid only to have to distill it 2 or 3 times to make it useful.
It is bizarre that you live in a land where ammonium nitrate grows on trees but sulfuric acid is a magical unicorn. I can buy a gallon of 95 percent sulfuric acid for $20 at any hardware store but I can't get any nitrate whatsoever. I don't know if the oxidizer component of tannerite can be safely used as a nitrate source.
I find it a little ass-backwards that I would be buying actual explosives to make nitric acid.
Nice how remove nitrogen dioxide?
Did the methods in the video not work for you?
Has someone tryde heating calciumnitrattetrahydrate with oxalic acid? The insoluble remains could be washed out with HCL.
manufacturing of HNO3 (nitric), with KNO3 + H2SO4 -> HNO3 + K2SO4, just wondering if it was you who was doing something with HNO3 making
water desiccant (like SiO2) could be used to fast concentrate the acid, assuming only the water part is taken by the desiccant powder
maybe CaSO4 is better desiccant in CuSO4/H2SO4 than SiO2 which forms some solid acid compound
Hey where can I get NaNO3 would like to try this
Some countries banned every nitrate salt out there, but if your country didn't ban them yet, then you will probably find them on the internet as stump removers, or fertilizers(90% pure) . If your country banned pure nitrate salts, then you might want to look for fertilizers that have for example 20 % ammonium nitrate and the rest is some insoluble filler. But in some places it's just impossible to find any nitrate salt