My moderate fascination with nuclear led me to the channel but honestly I'm hooked on all of the different content! I liked the easygoing manner and that you explain things so that it's easy to understand while not seeming like you're explaining it to a toddler. Great work!
My husband has a degree in chemistry and were watching this in bed and he tended to agree with you about the heat beat thingy saying “making your heart beat so fast to me is the equivalent of driving 80mph on the interstate in 1st gear, compared to 6th gear. One is about 7200rpm and the other is about 1600rpm. It will do it but it’s not good for it and adds undue and significant stress.” His car is a Dodge Challenger Hellcat wide body 6mt in plumb crazy purple with a mat black top. I’m not bragging on his behalf I just know inevitably someone will ask. Also we love talking about our cars and racing/flying. Anywho we both love your videos and implore you to keep up the good work. We occasionally come to Texas to race in our free time so you’re always welcome to come get some free hotdogs in our pits!!!
A modern space elevator concept is a tension structure rather than a compressive structure so the bottom isn't being crushed by the weight. The material does need to be very strong but in a different way.
Interestingly, the thing to note about heart rate and life, is that it is somewhat causal. Yes, having a perpetually fast heart rate will predispose someone to heart failure earlier in their life then someone with a slower heart rate. Indeed, those things that cause faster heart rates, if they are not controlled and kept in certain boundaries tend to be pretty bad over all because they are outside of a safe envelope.
14:26 - This made me remember Donald Duck comic story, I read in my childhood: There was an igloo building competition, "hero team" made an functioning small igloo, "opposition team" bend the rules, and build a enormous snow castle. Judge first declared small igloo as too cramped up, and castle as much worthier for his status, to sleep in... Of course the castle was too big for residents to heat it up for good night's sleep, unlike the small igloo, which was declared to be winner for actually functioning like an igloo.
A really good analogy for a heart is actually a car tire. There's different kinds that are made a little differently, but generally out of the same basic materials. The faster you drive the quicker the tire wears out, same goes for your heart. Then outside factors like smoking, drugs and unhealthy foods can affect the quality of the road the tire is being driven on. The heart is a muscle and like any other and it can be trained into being stronger, if cardio exercise is down properly. Your risk of heart attack slightly increases, but your heart becomes much more durable and efficient at carrying oxygen through the body.
A larger volume in a building does mean more air to condition. However, the heat transfer is only through the building envelope. Once you're at the target temperature the surface area of the envelope and how well it is insulated are what matter. Sunlight, windows, air leakage and managing the moisture in the air are also significant factors that impact overall energy used to maintain comfortable temperatures.
The thing about house volume translating to heating bill doesn't seem to me like it would be true. You're ultimately concerned with the rate of heat exchange with the outside, which scales with surface area. A house that has taller floors than another would lose or gain more heat than one with shorter floors and the same floor area, but it wouldn't be proportional to volume. Unlike with animals, you also don't have every unit volume of a house generating some amount of heat either. It would also scale with size as you would likely use more and brighter lights, have longer wiring runs with more resistive losses and such, but it should still not be proportional to volume in either of those cases. I think the one thing that would have a proportional relationship with volume is the thermal mass of the air in the house, so it would take more energy to actively change the temperature, but the heat exchange with the environment at steady-state would be proportional to area of the walls, roof, and floor.
Adding on, the ~1 billion beats in a lifespan thing is far from a hard and fast rule, but there are peer-reviewed papers that found that, especially if looking only at mammals, the estimate for mean number of heart beats in a life of that species, calculated based on mean resting heart rate and mean life span, found that the number for many different species had a surprisingly small deviation around the mean. Despite the species ranging in average mass by something like 500,000 times from the lowest to highest mass species they looked at, the numbers were surprisingly similar.
I found a simulator of an RBMK that might be cool to try out. It requires a simple patch to burn off the xenon-poisoning in a reasonable amount of time, but I would love to see you comment on how realistic it is. Takes a bit of digging to find, but there is some documentation avaliable. Id love to share the links, but im afraid i'd get autoflagged as spam if i did.
1:00 "the force of gravity is equal" - Um, actually the force is different, because it depends (linearly) on the masses. But the acceleration is still the same.
If you want "well actually" you should go the whole way. The force and acceleration due to gravity are effectively identical for almost all human-relevant objects, because the force of gravity is dependent on the mass of both objects. Since the mass of most people/animals/things we do stuff with is almost 0 compared to the mass of the earth, they are effectively identical in nearly every circumstance that matters. Location and elevation make a larger difference than the mass of the object falling to earth.
The exact analogy of this scaling problem in the world of nuclear power is the Three mile island nuclear accident when operators trained for nuclear submarine let the power station's reactor core melt.
The thing about heart rate is somewhat accurate especially for humans given that faster or slower heart rate over a long period of time ends up changing the shape and vessels of your heart which in turn affects your entire body given blood and oxygen comes from your heart. Which as a result affects life expectancy. People with higher than normal heart rate could develop heart failure even at a young age.
Your first comment about dropping the 3 things in a vacuum is wrong btw, even without air resistance weight still exists, each object still has a very different mass and thus the heaviest object would head towards the ground faster
Hey Leshun, the object all fall at the same time. Newton says "F = ma" and here the force F is "mg" (gravity). So the acceleration a is equal to the gravity constant g: and all objects accelerate at the same rate!
@LaurePhysics hmm thank you very much for the correction, and also not to be rude, this is just incase you meet a rude person in the future who'll use your grammar against you but in this instance its "here" not "hear"
the smaller an animal is, the more its heart needs to beat and its life span is shorter, the larger an animal is, the less its heart needs to beat and its life span is shorter
I would argue that wasn't just srinking or enlarging an animal but scaling up or down with the same biology. If you actually just shrunk the matter present in a elephant to the size of a mouse it would probably end similar to the elephant sized mouse. It is estimated that an average mouse has around 3 billion cells where as an average elephant has around 3 to 4 quadrillion cells.
By the way doing a lot of cardio makes your heart muscle stronger and not only that, it's also makes your blood vessels better. On average trained person will have less beats a day than a healthy person doing moderate load work, and much less than an overweight/obese person. Do you know main cause of death for obese peoplpe? Mostly it's heart related issues, because heart rate is higher and constant load is higher, while doing lots of cardio has high load times and plenty time to rest.
so basically the slower our space crafts are, the less tech we need to sustain it. so.. if we ever have deepsace rockets, we shouldnt just make it slow moving and efficient but actually optimize every part to produce the smallest amount of heat possible so that no radiators etc are needed. on the other hand, we need extreme speeds to cross those distances, so building insanely small would be the only option. so its more likely to shoot out a micro camera witha micro tank and engine to get to another solar system, and then yet again more radiators due to friction of high speeds (depending on how fast it would go. obviously not needed if not near lightspeed) so its still yet a paradox to get far away, fast.
Comment on the if "humans had relative ant strength" - I am by no means a built person, but I have enough muscle from the work I do that I can overpower my own joints, resulting in several days of pain. I've also heard that Andre the Giant was always in pain, just do to shear size.
I'm guessing that humans are an outlier for the number of beats per lifetime, the average heart rate is around 60bpm, a billion seconds is 31years so we must be limited to just under 3 billion heart beats in our lives
I think the reason space elevators are theoretically possible is because once it reaches high enough the elevator will be in orbit and the force of the orbit will start pulling the elevator up which would counteract some of the gravitational forces. That creates a new problem where not only do you need a material with strong compressive strength, but it also needs insane tensile strength. This would make the space elevator less like a tower and more like a cable swinging around the planet.
Fit male athletes have 60bpm while overweight male has 100bpm , morbidly obese it slows to 40bpm which is why they die easily I weight doesn't come off fast before they exercise.
How did you manage to stay employed? Nuclear engineering has the worst employment statistics of all the engineering disciplines, -4% growth rate in the job market, sounds tough.
So size does matter. Good to know.
C'mon 💀💀
wsg azilla
My moderate fascination with nuclear led me to the channel but honestly I'm hooked on all of the different content! I liked the easygoing manner and that you explain things so that it's easy to understand while not seeming like you're explaining it to a toddler. Great work!
My husband has a degree in chemistry and were watching this in bed and he tended to agree with you about the heat beat thingy saying “making your heart beat so fast to me is the equivalent of driving 80mph on the interstate in 1st gear, compared to 6th gear. One is about 7200rpm and the other is about 1600rpm. It will do it but it’s not good for it and adds undue and significant stress.” His car is a Dodge Challenger Hellcat wide body 6mt in plumb crazy purple with a mat black top. I’m not bragging on his behalf I just know inevitably someone will ask. Also we love talking about our cars and racing/flying. Anywho we both love your videos and implore you to keep up the good work. We occasionally come to Texas to race in our free time so you’re always welcome to come get some free hotdogs in our pits!!!
A modern space elevator concept is a tension structure rather than a compressive structure so the bottom isn't being crushed by the weight. The material does need to be very strong but in a different way.
The kaiju in The Kaiju Preservation Society by John Scalzi actually have biological nuclear reactors with which they use to sustain themselves.
Interestingly, the thing to note about heart rate and life, is that it is somewhat causal. Yes, having a perpetually fast heart rate will predispose someone to heart failure earlier in their life then someone with a slower heart rate. Indeed, those things that cause faster heart rates, if they are not controlled and kept in certain boundaries tend to be pretty bad over all because they are outside of a safe envelope.
14:26 - This made me remember Donald Duck comic story, I read in my childhood:
There was an igloo building competition, "hero team" made an functioning small igloo, "opposition team" bend the rules, and build a enormous snow castle.
Judge first declared small igloo as too cramped up, and castle as much worthier for his status, to sleep in...
Of course the castle was too big for residents to heat it up for good night's sleep, unlike the small igloo, which was declared to be winner for actually functioning like an igloo.
Love the story! Speaking as an engineer, marrying user wishes and functionality is quite a pain 😅
It's been fun watching your input on a lot of videos. Though I do suggest making a note of recommending the viewer to watch the og video first.
A really good analogy for a heart is actually a car tire. There's different kinds that are made a little differently, but generally out of the same basic materials. The faster you drive the quicker the tire wears out, same goes for your heart. Then outside factors like smoking, drugs and unhealthy foods can affect the quality of the road the tire is being driven on. The heart is a muscle and like any other and it can be trained into being stronger, if cardio exercise is down properly. Your risk of heart attack slightly increases, but your heart becomes much more durable and efficient at carrying oxygen through the body.
A larger volume in a building does mean more air to condition. However, the heat transfer is only through the building envelope. Once you're at the target temperature the surface area of the envelope and how well it is insulated are what matter. Sunlight, windows, air leakage and managing the moisture in the air are also significant factors that impact overall energy used to maintain comfortable temperatures.
Oooh a perfectly timed video for my lunch, thank youuuu
“Half as Interesting” just released a video on nuclear reactors that you should look at.
The thing about house volume translating to heating bill doesn't seem to me like it would be true. You're ultimately concerned with the rate of heat exchange with the outside, which scales with surface area. A house that has taller floors than another would lose or gain more heat than one with shorter floors and the same floor area, but it wouldn't be proportional to volume. Unlike with animals, you also don't have every unit volume of a house generating some amount of heat either. It would also scale with size as you would likely use more and brighter lights, have longer wiring runs with more resistive losses and such, but it should still not be proportional to volume in either of those cases.
I think the one thing that would have a proportional relationship with volume is the thermal mass of the air in the house, so it would take more energy to actively change the temperature, but the heat exchange with the environment at steady-state would be proportional to area of the walls, roof, and floor.
Adding on, the ~1 billion beats in a lifespan thing is far from a hard and fast rule, but there are peer-reviewed papers that found that, especially if looking only at mammals, the estimate for mean number of heart beats in a life of that species, calculated based on mean resting heart rate and mean life span, found that the number for many different species had a surprisingly small deviation around the mean. Despite the species ranging in average mass by something like 500,000 times from the lowest to highest mass species they looked at, the numbers were surprisingly similar.
Probobly worth mentioning that Half as interesting did just do a video about decomissioning a nuclear power plant. You should react to that.
Decommissionning plants, just like fixing up tunnels, are jobs that'll never go away. 😂
The heartbeat thing is about moving enough oxygen, and oxygen doesn't change in size.
I found a simulator of an RBMK that might be cool to try out. It requires a simple patch to burn off the xenon-poisoning in a reasonable amount of time, but I would love to see you comment on how realistic it is. Takes a bit of digging to find, but there is some documentation avaliable. Id love to share the links, but im afraid i'd get autoflagged as spam if i did.
22:07 I guess that meditation will increase your lifespan? xD Those immortal monks are onto something?! ;P
1:00 "the force of gravity is equal" - Um, actually the force is different, because it depends (linearly) on the masses. But the acceleration is still the same.
If you want "well actually" you should go the whole way. The force and acceleration due to gravity are effectively identical for almost all human-relevant objects, because the force of gravity is dependent on the mass of both objects. Since the mass of most people/animals/things we do stuff with is almost 0 compared to the mass of the earth, they are effectively identical in nearly every circumstance that matters. Location and elevation make a larger difference than the mass of the object falling to earth.
The exact analogy of this scaling problem in the world of nuclear power is the Three mile island nuclear accident when operators trained for nuclear submarine let the power station's reactor core melt.
As a Texan myself, I do agree that 110 degree weather does not do the electricity bill well. It's half the reason I love fall and winter so much more.
The thing about heart rate is somewhat accurate especially for humans given that faster or slower heart rate over a long period of time ends up changing the shape and vessels of your heart which in turn affects your entire body given blood and oxygen comes from your heart. Which as a result affects life expectancy. People with higher than normal heart rate could develop heart failure even at a young age.
Go video I love it
Your first comment about dropping the 3 things in a vacuum is wrong btw, even without air resistance weight still exists, each object still has a very different mass and thus the heaviest object would head towards the ground faster
Hey Leshun, the object all fall at the same time. Newton says "F = ma" and here the force F is "mg" (gravity). So the acceleration a is equal to the gravity constant g: and all objects accelerate at the same rate!
@LaurePhysics hmm thank you very much for the correction, and also not to be rude, this is just incase you meet a rude person in the future who'll use your grammar against you but in this instance its "here" not "hear"
@@leshuncross9238 no problem! :)
Takeaway: if you are small enough, getting wet can be life threatening
I love these videos
the smaller an animal is, the more its heart needs to beat and its life span is shorter, the larger an animal is, the less its heart needs to beat and its life span is shorter
you should watch VFX artists shows true scale of a nuclear explosion
I would argue that wasn't just srinking or enlarging an animal but scaling up or down with the same biology. If you actually just shrunk the matter present in a elephant to the size of a mouse it would probably end similar to the elephant sized mouse.
It is estimated that an average mouse has around 3 billion cells where as an average elephant has around 3 to 4 quadrillion cells.
By the way doing a lot of cardio makes your heart muscle stronger and not only that, it's also makes your blood vessels better. On average trained person will have less beats a day than a healthy person doing moderate load work, and much less than an overweight/obese person. Do you know main cause of death for obese peoplpe? Mostly it's heart related issues, because heart rate is higher and constant load is higher, while doing lots of cardio has high load times and plenty time to rest.
While exercising arms and especially legs your heart goes to sleep in a since the muscles push the blood back to heart.
a generator requires specifically harmful elements in the air to run would also work
so basically the slower our space crafts are, the less tech we need to sustain it. so.. if we ever have deepsace rockets, we shouldnt just make it slow moving and efficient but actually optimize every part to produce the smallest amount of heat possible so that no radiators etc are needed. on the other hand, we need extreme speeds to cross those distances, so building insanely small would be the only option. so its more likely to shoot out a micro camera witha micro tank and engine to get to another solar system, and then yet again more radiators due to friction of high speeds (depending on how fast it would go. obviously not needed if not near lightspeed) so its still yet a paradox to get far away, fast.
Comment on the if "humans had relative ant strength" - I am by no means a built person, but I have enough muscle from the work I do that I can overpower my own joints, resulting in several days of pain.
I've also heard that Andre the Giant was always in pain, just do to shear size.
Steve Austin the Bionic Man :p
DOnt forget godzilla also needs to have faster travelling nerve electricity than all of us
thanks to Chernobyl, we now have cancer resistant doggos
Day 46 of asking if Mr Folse likes beans even though he already answered
A worthy cause
i support this, also day 8 asking for kreosan
I don't think that doing a lot of cardio has that effect. Athletes have a significantly lower resting heart rate, so in the end it evens out.
Half as Interesting has a great video you should react to. "Why It Takes 7+ Years to Shut Down a Nuclear Plant"
Great video (275 MB...)!
the only youtube viewer who measures videos by file size
@@frogz true :)
You make me want to become a nuclear engineer 🤓
You forgot part three.
I'm guessing that humans are an outlier for the number of beats per lifetime, the average heart rate is around 60bpm, a billion seconds is 31years so we must be limited to just under 3 billion heart beats in our lives
I think the reason space elevators are theoretically possible is because once it reaches high enough the elevator will be in orbit and the force of the orbit will start pulling the elevator up which would counteract some of the gravitational forces. That creates a new problem where not only do you need a material with strong compressive strength, but it also needs insane tensile strength. This would make the space elevator less like a tower and more like a cable swinging around the planet.
Fit male athletes have 60bpm while overweight male has 100bpm , morbidly obese it slows to 40bpm which is why they die easily I weight doesn't come off fast before they exercise.
How did you manage to stay employed? Nuclear engineering has the worst employment statistics of all the engineering disciplines, -4% growth rate in the job market, sounds tough.
aaAAAAUUYUGGHHHHHH
I'm the 420th like! nice( ik it's annoying)
I think sleep is more regulating the brain, not about energy