Mechanisms | Explained | Year 12 or AS Chemistry | Organic Chemistry | A level Chemistry
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- Опубліковано 5 лип 2024
- Organic Chemistry.
Mechanisms
A level Chemistry
00:00 Introduction
00:30 What are Mechanisms For?
02:03 Electrophilic Addition
06:30 Bromine as an electrophile
08:40 Unsymmetrical alkenes
12:28 Carbocation Stability
13:56 Nucleophilic Substitution
17:06 Ammonia as a Nucleophile
22:10 Elimination
25:10 Mixtures of alkene products
27:06 Elimination or Substitution
29:13 Elimination from alcohols
31:38 Isomeric Alkenes
I am so so happy you exist man❤ I'm sorry you don't have a million subscribers because this is content that is actually making me understand Chemistry and im so grateful for that because falling behind can be really painful
But you're that person that is able to pull people out of that place of not understanding and someone people can depend on to understand a topic
Thank you ❤
I really appreciate you taking the time to give this feedback. It means a lot to me that people are finding it useful. Well done for keeping working at it! 😃
@@chemistrytutor Thank you so much for responding and the support too! Hopefully I get out of this rut and get the A* I need😁 best of luck for your channel to grow tremendously!
got my y12 paper 2 mock this friday, thanks for this
Good timing! Best of luck 👍
What did you get
@@Buzzzy-bee 85% think it was
@@ravjayakodi2746ooo!! Good job :) that’s amazing
This is so good! I was looking for videos to make a poster and I came across this. You explain it so well and presented it so clearly. Thanks!😊
That's such lovely feedback, thank you 😊
A big thank you to you, sir! This video is so so helpful! I was so confused with all the reactions in each group. Now I know how the homologous groups are related to each other through these reactions. The table comparing substitution and elimination of halogenoalkane is extremely helpful! Just one thing to be added on to this video: the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkane with NaOH/KOH to produce alcohol. I know it's very similar to halogenoalkane with KCN and NH3 but it will be great to included in this video.🙂
Thank you for the lovely feedback... its really clear how it's helped you 😃
I'm planning on releasing some shorter videos about y13 chemistry after the June exams.
Hopefully that isn't too late for you?
Thank you!!! This is so in depth and explained so well
Thanks for the feedback 😀
I'm really pleased it's useful!
thank you so much for taking the time to make this video! It really helped out alot
I'm really pleased it was useful 😀
I have some walkthrough questions already, but yes... planning on doing more!
Very helpful. Thank you!😊
😃 👍
Sir at 25:04 isn't that a primary haloalkane (meaning it undergoes substitution only) so why is the end product a alkene? Shouldn't it be an alcohol or is the end product based on what OH is dissolved in? Please help I'm so confused
Yes, the solvent for the NaOH is one of the drivers, along with the high or warm temperature. In reality you'll get a mixture of products. Usually though, the solvent is the key indicator as to what is happening
Ok thank you sir
sir, in 28:30 isnt the product nitriles and amines not jot alcohols?
That section highlights the differences and similarities when using NaOH. I hadn't meant to imply those were the only products
30:26 why is there a lone pair on the oxygen? Since it is in group 6 shouldn’t it be stable since it’s already bonded to the carbon and hydrogen?
It's stable, yes. But it still has a lone pair. Two of them in fact.
It uses 2 of its electrons to make the 2 bonds (one to C and the other to H). So 4 of its outer energy level electrons are unbonded
In nucleophilic substitution, in the reaction with cyanide, why does the I become I- (minus) and 2 electrons, and not just I-. As iodine has 7 electrons, but 1 of these electrons is bonded with the carbon in the bond, if it just gains the electron from the chlorine, should it not be I-? As well as this, why in the reaction with ammonia is there a positive?
Great questions.
When the C - I bond breaks the I takes both electrons. The I becomes negative as you say. We often don't need to show the electron pair from the bond, but if we do choose to show it, we don't normally worry about how we show the electrons. This usually means we choose to show them as two dots (rather than a dot and a cross).
For the Ammonia substitution, the intermediate needs to be charged for a couple of reasons. Firstly, the two reactants were neutral, and the halogen leaves as a negative ion, so the other thing needs to be positive to conserve charge. Secondly, the Ammonia has lost full control/ownership of its lone pair, and its now shared. So it effectively has now got 50% ownership of the pair. A net loss of 1 electron
Hi sir, at 26:46, why is one of the products for the right hand pathway H+, and not H20 like the left hand pathway? Thank you!
Typo!
It would be H2O
Good spot!
@@chemistrytutor thank you :)
Can you do a video in Born Haber diagrams
I’m getting confused when to x2 or not for some of the values
I've done a couple of BH Cycle question walkthrough videos... ua-cam.com/video/lZqEaDQZtuA/v-deo.html
And this... ua-cam.com/video/YcaTGZT5UU4/v-deo.html
This is very useful thanks
You're welcome 😊
Is this for CIEs too? Or edexel? ocr..which board is it?-
Hi, yes, this video will be suitable for any exam board.
I teach AQA so I always make sure it covers everything needed for AQA.
All exam boards are at least 95% the same though. The main differences between them is not the content they include, but rather how they structure the course, what topics are on each exam and the question style
my gcse chem is in 3 days and I'm bored so Im watching this lmao
Good luck for Tuesday!
Sir at 30:02 where did the H+ come from?
It comes from the concentrated sulfuric Acid
@@chemistrytutor ok thank you sir
Man… I love you 🫶
😃 I'm pleased you've found it useful 👍
Good luck!
I love you thank you so very so very so very much
Can you please do a similar video with Year 2/ Year 13 mechanisms - it would be really appreciated ?
They're on the way now. Electrophilic Substitution out first...
ua-cam.com/video/Q67ag0AROf4/v-deo.html
nucleophilic addition: ua-cam.com/video/dJn0c1rcAxo/v-deo.html
Last A2 mechanism
ua-cam.com/video/3tp3U5wtjZk/v-deo.html
Can you please do a video like this for year 13 mechanisms ?
They're on the way now. Electrophilic Substitution out first...
ua-cam.com/video/Q67ag0AROf4/v-deo.html
nucleophilic addition: ua-cam.com/video/dJn0c1rcAxo/v-deo.html
Electrophilic substitution also released last week:
ua-cam.com/video/Q67ag0AROf4/v-deo.htmlsi=M2RxqpaP-c5VZl7R
Final A2 mechanism... Nucleophilic addition elimination ua-cam.com/video/3tp3U5wtjZk/v-deo.html
Can you make video on nucleophilic addition
Yes, I'm doing that next.
Electrophilic Substitution out first...
ua-cam.com/video/Q67ag0AROf4/v-deo.html
nucleophilic addition: ua-cam.com/video/dJn0c1rcAxo/v-deo.html
Can you do an A2 version as well
I'm working on that for this week 👌
nucleophilic addition: ua-cam.com/video/dJn0c1rcAxo/v-deo.html
Electrophilic substitution also released last week:
ua-cam.com/video/Q67ag0AROf4/v-deo.htmlsi=M2RxqpaP-c5VZl7R
thank you big time
Enjoy, and good luck!
@@chemistrytutor thank you a lot
@@Masowe. 👍 you got this
@@chemistrytutor thank you
29:23
😀
i am cooked
Hang in there!
with that mindset you might be! dw you can definitely pull through!