I was expecting a rather stale presentation, but, as always, you guys made the discovery sound really fresh. ( sorry, couldn’t restrain myself. ) great work guys.
One aspect I find so fascinating about finds like this, is what happened that caused someone to leave unbaked bread in an oven and never return to put the oven on?
I was also thinking the exact same thing. I doubt these people would just leave food lying around for vermin to consume. Something must have interrupted..... Fascinating story to be unlocked here me thinks.
As someone who grew up in a family where we made our own bread (I still do) I can sympathise with the baker whose oven caught fire. All that mixing and kneeding takes not much more than 15 minutes but Ive read recently that the grinding of the seeds takes hours. I know that arthritic changes in female skeleton ankle bones have been linked to the posture and wear on these joints when kneeling at a hand quorn. Plus they had to gather the seeds in the first place. Probably at least a day's work. 😒😖
As a brewer, I do not discount the fact that humans have found ways to alter our reality since they developed the ability to think. Primates eat fermenting fruit for the same purpose. I do however question how long humans have intentionally been brewing beer as an end goal. Having some flour left over in a grinding pit and it getting wet, given enough moisture and time, will get “contaminated” by wild yeast in the air and will ferment. Think of a sourdough starter. So finding this residue may not be from the intentional production of beer, but may simply be from the left over remnants of grinding flour and rain water. How do you tell the difference?
See how Immoral Academics Are? It's NOT just Alcohol they would Brew. Think about Other things Man can Cook. Smh why do they Emphasize Alcohol? SMH Also, they do at least point out the bread made in THE LEVANT REGION(it's just South of Turkey) that was Dated at 14,000 years old. Logically a person would Think Gobekli Tepe n other Tepes, which are dated at 10-12,000 years old, WOULD have Knowledge of making Bread AND Brewing. Tepes have THOUSANDS of Sickles n more giving proof of Farming. Yet, these Guys Still say they are Hunter Gatherers. SMH But I'll go Further. ALLLL the Dating Methods are INVALID. Academics Know this to be True. In The Bible, Abraham and Family were living in the Tepes region.. Family was making and selling Idols I'm sure to the Tepes people. Joshua 24:2. Academics do NOT want people to know the Real Dating Because it counters Academics Fairytale Timelines to suit their Non-Religious, Secular, History. It's all been exposed Slowly over the past Decades. True Science hindered by Secular Deceptions. Also, these Guys Know of Neanderthal tools n more found on Mediterranean Sea islands dated at 130,000 years ago. They were Seafaring to islands they could NOT even see from the Mainland! So DATING is Invalid on age of Neanderthals n other Humans too. These Guys just point out a canoe 7,000 years ago in a lake in Italy. SMH Horrible Science 'Guys.' I can go on, but people will Deceive resulting in hindering True Science; True History of Man. What's the point of researching if Academics tell us lies or half Truths???
Really? That's the main problem you have with Academic Types analysis? Oversights and Not revealing important related findings/research; hence, the overall picture/Truth is Lost. I'm tired of hearing Rupert Repeat "Exciting". He excited about Misleading people? Unscrupulous Science I say. Meaning academics have been Hiding relevant information from us. They get rewarded from people who are not knowledgeable about other information. SMH They can Keep patting themselves on their backs. Heck, they aren't even Conducting the research. Their value to the academics is Repeating Lies.
I enjoy sitting quietly alone watching these videos, the exchange of ideas is the part where my questions are usually answered. It's so good to be able to watch an archaeology video that hasn't been made for those expecting the answer to everything. It's the science and technology of today that is giving us all much more reliable information and I'm finding your videos so refreshing - thanks
"Digging" with a paintbrush and a dentist's pick is never going to be a fast process. It's amazing that they find as much as they do in any given season of digging. But I guess it gives them plenty of time to analyze and document everything of interest. But Electronmicroscopic analysis? Wow! That's so intense!
Great subject. Makes sense without too many steps I think. Leavened bread (and beer) would be a natural product with wild yeasts that are everywhere getting into wet dough (or porridge for a beer). Just leave it out and keep it damp for several hours.
Natural airborne yeast is very very weak. Basic flatbread is naturally, weakly, leavened if left overnight. There is no clear delineation between the two bread variants.
It takes more then a few hours to grow the yeast. It takes a couple of weeks to grow a good sourdough starter. I just did that last month and I am now getting a good rise out of it. If you do it wrong it turns foul.
@@PeachysMom no it is not a byproduct of making beer. Sourdough and the leaving used after making beer are two different things and work in a somewhat different way. Even the Romans knew that and discussed the different ways these were used. Sourdough is a product created all on its own by leaving wet flour of any sort out to ferment. You then discard part of it and feed it fresh flour and water until the yeast overwhelms any other bacteria. This takes about 6 days. It is then ready to use. As a byproduct of this process you get hooch, which is alcohol, about a teaspoon worth at the most. You scoop it off and discard it. I can assure you it is not beer!
I am becoming a bit schitzo about this 😬 My fundamental belief is that our capacities as humans are the same. Utilising the technologies of the time gaining skills, practicing and honing them. It is only now that we can exist ( without thriving ) with no skills ................ is this progress???
Our greatest 'skill' is social cooperation, which is the same now as it was then. Denigrating our modern (1st world) selves as skilless individuals compared to some utopian point in the past is lazy thinking. Just different practical skill sets now, even if that's pushing pixels round a screen, but still wrapped in that socialising superpower that has given us so much dominance (for good or ill) over our natural environment.
A bit harsh calling my thinking lazy😀In the past we had to be very physically active, hunt or gather food, make your own clothes, tools and vessels. Know your environment, tend your own wounds. Later herd animals and farm. My frustration with modern life in the west is we are pushed into being deskilled consumers!Lazy enough for you??@@jonm7272
@@jonm7272 It seems my previous reply has disappeared. I hope my thinking is not lazy. My thought process is that in the past skills were necessary for survival. Now they are not, we can survive with limted knowledge or skills. What happened to my original reply??
This is great stuff, guys. thanks. Now I have made both sourdough starter/bread and beer. The starter I made by putting wild grapes from my land into flour, water, and sugar and letting it set on the back of my counter. You feed it for a week or two while it gains in strength. Then you can use it to make stuff with. But first you must make the yeast and that takes flour to feed it. It seems to me it would be easier to go from bread to beer. Once you have an established starter one would feed the other fresh yeast.
So the bread at Shubayqa was flatbread, not leavened? This probably means they're claiming the bread from Çatalhöyük is the oldest leavened bread rather than the oldest "just bread" 😅 Well, the oldest leavened bread so far.
Translation is fascinating, and "bread" is particularly diverse, ubiquitous, and tricky. The French tell me that baguettes and brioche are NOT bread, although in English they are. I wonder if Turkish has different basic words for leavened and unleavened "bread." Perhaps a convenient confusion for catching headlines and sparking interest and debate.
Some time ago I had a monk teaching me to create bread and he would sweep up floury dust and incorporate it into the dough, creating a type of sour dough. The fungus, yeasts, and molds that are ever present could've landed on their dough and turned it into a yeasted bread after abandoned. I do love that this is the oldest bread found but not yet convinced they were intentionally yeasting it. There a several ancient recipes requiring exposure to the elements and environment, resting in the modern terms. I may have missed mention of this, and so if reiterating the already mentioned, my apologies. Thank you so much for sharing this discovery, and I look forward to your follow ups. Thank you
Intentional yeasting would have happened really fast. If you make your own sourdough you know you often have a bowl sitting there much longer than intended.
Thank you, but I inferred I've had training in baking. I suggest reading up on the theories on discoveries by our ancestors of how beer, ceramics, preserving leather, grains, herbage and meats… and the invention of bread. Fungi is around us constantly, so if were to mix a dough and let it set for longer than planned, it will become leavened or beer. There are many variables needing further exploration.
@@astridadler6467 What temperature did it bake? or was it unintentionally proofed? Was the oven cooling when covered with clay? I just would like more of the variables addressed before making any conclusion.
@@margomoore4527 Thank you, but if one left unleavened dough for too long it will become leavened or produce alcohol. The fungi/yeasts ever present will eventually turn any grain water mixture into beer or bread. There are many theories by well respected academics puzzled over intention vs accidental discoveries of ceramics, pigments, preserving leather, herbage, grains, meats, the lists goes on far beyond mentioned, and an ongoing debate of which came first bread or beer.
wow , that is along time ago , plus this is the oldest we found , but it would not be the first :) a note on farming . Do you think our early hunter gather would of managed wild crops , including berry bushes long before we started to "farm" ? Beer :) Roman army knew they hd to boil water first before drinking , not because they knew about bactaria , but they did notice you got ill less by boiling the water , same with beer , so did we produce beer for the taste or because we noticed we got ill less ?
The evidence from the Raqefet Cave in the Natufian era was for malted grain. The inference from that is that they were making beer. They did not actually find beer residues. Listen again to your interview with me and Graham - you have to make sweet malt sugars to ferment into beer. As we tried to explain.
Oh! Foodstuffs from way back! And Beer making!?! Were these the places where they were able to revive the yeasts and experiment with them? May we have Some More, Sirs?
Saw a video recently, still trying to place it. Catahuyuk, in this video they say they found evidence of a very intensive canal system right through the village, they say they could canoe between various places in the village, redirect two rivers, canalled in to Iran, to the Tigres river, pretty cool, thought you guys might have heard about this?, enjoy your take on these discoveries, there's news about the stepped pyramid coming through Cioa, jkm
I expect that some of the cultures in the area had a ritual of scattering grain seeds in a burnt over area that had been sort-of cleared of other competitors as their part of a bargain with/thanks to the grain that enabled them to have beer and bread. Gradually more and more of the grain they scattered had been grown from human-scattered grain - but it was likely quite a while before 'sown grain' predominated over 'wild-gathered grain'. I imagine that the amount of effort they put into this putative ritual was probably an afternoon or two worth of effort. It doesn't take much to plant a poor-quality garden, but a poor-quality garden can 'get the ball rolling'.
Interesting that archaeologists consider the Gobleki Tepe culture as the originators of farming, when the Natufians seem to have got there some 4,000 years earlier!
So what does this find tell us about the abandonment of this community? I understand that environment, climate etc are considered to be its demise, but over a long period of time. Leaving your unbaked bread behind says a more immediate departure to me.
I recon they made beer first as its more simple bread is complicated .By the way if someone gets hold of that bread recipe they can make a lot of money as the oldest bread in the world
Could Çatal Huyuk still be a perma-cultural economic settlement? That classic planted/irrigated agriculture was preceded by centuries or millennia, of encouraging existing stands of plants (from herbs through to trees) through repetitive interventions (weeding, burning), creating manufactured cultivated landscapes (edenic pastured woodlands).
I haven’t listened to the whole presentation yet, but why aren’t you telling us exactly what grains these breads were made from? Haven’t they been analyzed? I for one would rather hear specifics rather than all this speculation about beer. When you find large vessels clearly used for beer-making, THEN you can talk about beer. This presentation is male-dominated snd beer is sexier for guys. Talk to me about the oven, and its construction. Talk about the fuel used. Analyze the bread and tell us what grains these people were growing! Your presentation contains little content of real interest! Talk talk talk. And we’ve learned nothing!
Brewing alcohol to drink would also purify the water they consumed and the fact that the bread lasted so long without decomposing is amazing
The ancients leaving us actual breadcrumbs to follow
I was expecting a rather stale presentation, but, as always, you guys made the discovery sound really fresh. ( sorry, couldn’t restrain myself. ) great work guys.
🤣
lol
@@ThePrehistoryGuysthank you for the crumbs of knowledge!
They definitely don't loaf around with their presentations.
Surprising to hear about bread in Turkey, versus the other was around 😂.
One aspect I find so fascinating about finds like this, is what happened that caused someone to leave unbaked bread in an oven and never return to put the oven on?
I was about to express the same thought
I was also thinking the exact same thing. I doubt these people would just leave food lying around for vermin to consume. Something must have interrupted..... Fascinating story to be unlocked here me thinks.
Earthquake would be my guess.
Earthquake or invasion!
Perhaps there was an earthquake?
As someone who grew up in a family where we made our own bread (I still do) I can sympathise with the baker whose oven caught fire. All that mixing and kneeding takes not much more than 15 minutes but Ive read recently that the grinding of the seeds takes hours. I know that arthritic changes in female skeleton ankle bones have been linked to the posture and wear on these joints when kneeling at a hand quorn.
Plus they had to gather the seeds in the first place.
Probably at least a day's work. 😒😖
As a brewer, I do not discount the fact that humans have found ways to alter our reality since they developed the ability to think. Primates eat fermenting fruit for the same purpose.
I do however question how long humans have intentionally been brewing beer as an end goal.
Having some flour left over in a grinding pit and it getting wet, given enough moisture and time, will get “contaminated” by wild yeast in the air and will ferment. Think of a sourdough starter.
So finding this residue may not be from the intentional production of beer, but may simply be from the left over remnants of grinding flour and rain water.
How do you tell the difference?
See how Immoral Academics Are? It's NOT just Alcohol they would Brew. Think about Other things Man can Cook. Smh why do they Emphasize Alcohol? SMH
Also, they do at least point out the bread made in THE LEVANT REGION(it's just South of Turkey) that was Dated at 14,000 years old.
Logically a person would Think Gobekli Tepe n other Tepes, which are dated at 10-12,000 years old, WOULD have Knowledge of making Bread AND Brewing.
Tepes have THOUSANDS of Sickles n more giving proof of Farming. Yet, these Guys Still say they are Hunter Gatherers. SMH
But I'll go Further.
ALLLL the Dating Methods are INVALID.
Academics Know this to be True.
In The Bible, Abraham and Family were living in the Tepes region.. Family was making and selling Idols I'm sure to the Tepes people. Joshua 24:2.
Academics do NOT want people to know the Real Dating Because it counters Academics Fairytale Timelines to suit their Non-Religious, Secular, History.
It's all been exposed Slowly over the past Decades. True Science hindered by Secular Deceptions.
Also, these Guys Know of Neanderthal tools n more found on Mediterranean Sea islands dated at 130,000 years ago. They were Seafaring to islands they could NOT even see from the Mainland! So DATING is Invalid on age of Neanderthals n other Humans too.
These Guys just point out a canoe 7,000 years ago in a lake in Italy. SMH Horrible Science 'Guys.'
I can go on, but people will Deceive resulting in hindering True Science; True History of Man.
What's the point of researching if Academics tell us lies or half Truths???
As an avid sourdough baker, I totally agree.
Really? That's the main problem you have with Academic Types analysis? Oversights and Not revealing important related findings/research; hence, the overall picture/Truth is Lost. I'm tired of hearing Rupert Repeat "Exciting". He excited about Misleading people? Unscrupulous Science I say. Meaning academics have been Hiding relevant information from us. They get rewarded from people who are not knowledgeable about other information. SMH
They can Keep patting themselves on their backs. Heck, they aren't even Conducting the research. Their value to the academics is Repeating Lies.
I enjoy sitting quietly alone watching these videos, the exchange of ideas is the part where my questions are usually answered. It's so good to be able to watch an archaeology video that hasn't been made for those expecting the answer to everything. It's the science and technology of today that is giving us all much more reliable information and I'm finding your videos so refreshing - thanks
"Digging" with a paintbrush and a dentist's pick is never going to be a fast process. It's amazing that they find as much as they do in any given season of digging. But I guess it gives them plenty of time to analyze and document everything of interest. But Electronmicroscopic analysis? Wow! That's so intense!
Thanks fellas! Every day is a school day. What an interesting find.
Yes, please do a talk about what is known of the advent of agriculture and shepherding!
Great subject. Makes sense without too many steps I think. Leavened bread (and beer) would be a natural product with wild yeasts that are everywhere getting into wet dough (or porridge for a beer). Just leave it out and keep it damp for several hours.
Natural airborne yeast is very very weak. Basic flatbread is naturally, weakly, leavened if left overnight. There is no clear delineation between the two bread variants.
It takes more then a few hours to grow the yeast. It takes a couple of weeks to grow a good sourdough starter. I just did that last month and I am now getting a good rise out of it. If you do it wrong it turns foul.
Sourdough starter is just a byproduct of beer making so I think beer was first and then bread had to follow soon after
@@PeachysMom no it is not a byproduct of making beer. Sourdough and the leaving used after making beer are two different things and work in a somewhat different way. Even the Romans knew that and discussed the different ways these were used. Sourdough is a product created all on its own by leaving wet flour of any sort out to ferment. You then discard part of it and feed it fresh flour and water until the yeast overwhelms any other bacteria. This takes about 6 days. It is then ready to use. As a byproduct of this process you get hooch, which is alcohol, about a teaspoon worth at the most. You scoop it off and discard it. I can assure you it is not beer!
History goes back a long way...
@janetmackinnon3411 - Yes, almost all the way.
history begins in Sumer
I am becoming a bit schitzo about this 😬 My fundamental belief is that our capacities as humans are the same. Utilising the technologies of the time gaining skills, practicing and honing them.
It is only now that we can exist ( without thriving ) with no skills ................ is this progress???
Our greatest 'skill' is social cooperation, which is the same now as it was then. Denigrating our modern (1st world) selves as skilless individuals compared to some utopian point in the past is lazy thinking. Just different practical skill sets now, even if that's pushing pixels round a screen, but still wrapped in that socialising superpower that has given us so much dominance (for good or ill) over our natural environment.
A bit harsh calling my thinking lazy😀In the past we had to be very physically active, hunt or gather food, make your own clothes, tools and vessels. Know your environment, tend your own wounds. Later herd animals and farm. My frustration with modern life in the west is we are pushed into being deskilled consumers!Lazy enough for you??@@jonm7272
It's sad that you have no skills, but you shouldn't project that onto others.
@@donnievance1942 Interesting trolling donnie. Have a great life.
@@jonm7272 It seems my previous reply has disappeared. I hope my thinking is not lazy. My thought process is that in the past skills were necessary for survival. Now they are not, we can survive with limted knowledge or skills. What happened to my original reply??
This is great stuff, guys. thanks. Now I have made both sourdough starter/bread and beer. The starter I made by putting wild grapes from my land into flour, water, and sugar and letting it set on the back of my counter. You feed it for a week or two while it gains in strength. Then you can use it to make stuff with. But first you must make the yeast and that takes flour to feed it. It seems to me it would be easier to go from bread to beer. Once you have an established starter one would feed the other fresh yeast.
I don't know the history of ÇATALHÖYÜK, but what would make people leave so quickly that they don't have time to get the bread out of the oven?
Party at Raqefet
Earth quake. Turkey sits on a major fault line. Did you miss last year's earth quake that killed tens of thousands?
So the bread at Shubayqa was flatbread, not leavened? This probably means they're claiming the bread from Çatalhöyük is the oldest leavened bread rather than the oldest "just bread" 😅 Well, the oldest leavened bread so far.
im so proud to live near that place❤ thanks,guys!
So farming & settlements could have become the goal because of the brew. Lol That would be something 😉
Fascinating gentleman. . Thank you . 👍
Yes! Please do video on Natufians, they definitely not receiving enough attention on prehistory yt.
Translation is fascinating, and "bread" is particularly diverse, ubiquitous, and tricky. The French tell me that baguettes and brioche are NOT bread, although in English they are. I wonder if Turkish has different basic words for leavened and unleavened "bread." Perhaps a convenient confusion for catching headlines and sparking interest and debate.
Another fascinating vid, thank you.
Dig a little deeper and find the BEER 🍻 🤣🤣🤣🤣 Thanks from old New Orleans 😎
Some time ago I had a monk teaching me to create bread and he would sweep up floury dust and incorporate it into the dough, creating a type of sour dough. The fungus, yeasts, and molds that are ever present could've landed on their dough and turned it into a yeasted bread after abandoned. I do love that this is the oldest bread found but not yet convinced they were intentionally yeasting it. There a several ancient recipes requiring exposure to the elements and environment, resting in the modern terms. I may have missed mention of this, and so if reiterating the already mentioned, my apologies. Thank you so much for sharing this discovery, and I look forward to your follow ups. Thank you
Intentional yeasting would have happened really fast. If you make your own sourdough you know you often have a bowl sitting there much longer than intended.
If they were in the oven and were not FLAT then they were leavened.
Thank you, but I inferred I've had training in baking. I suggest reading up on the theories on discoveries by our ancestors of how beer, ceramics, preserving leather, grains, herbage and meats… and the invention of bread. Fungi is around us constantly, so if were to mix a dough and let it set for longer than planned, it will become leavened or beer. There are many variables needing further exploration.
@@astridadler6467 What temperature did it bake? or was it unintentionally proofed? Was the oven cooling when covered with clay? I just would like more of the variables addressed before making any conclusion.
@@margomoore4527 Thank you, but if one left unleavened dough for too long it will become leavened or produce alcohol. The fungi/yeasts ever present will eventually turn any grain water mixture into beer or bread. There are many theories by well respected academics puzzled over intention vs accidental discoveries of ceramics, pigments, preserving leather, herbage, grains, meats, the lists goes on far beyond mentioned, and an ongoing debate of which came first bread or beer.
Thanks guys 😊
Excellent work chaps. Keep it up. 👍
Good stuff guys!! As always, thank you!
As someone who loves to make both unleavened and leavened bread, I just had to watch this video!
My favorite history men!!❤❤❤
wow , that is along time ago , plus this is the oldest we found , but it would not be the first :) a note on farming . Do you think our early hunter gather would of managed wild crops , including berry bushes long before we started to "farm" ? Beer :) Roman army knew they hd to boil water first before drinking , not because they knew about bactaria , but they did notice you got ill less by boiling the water , same with beer , so did we produce beer for the taste or because we noticed we got ill less ?
To quote Lindsey Nicole, "That we know of!"
holy tea & cookies Watson!
Now i have Lt. Pigeon's 'Moldy Old Dough' running around my head.
Thanks for sharing these insights with us. Happy Easter!
The evidence from the Raqefet Cave in the Natufian era was for malted grain. The inference from that is that they were making beer. They did not actually find beer residues. Listen again to your interview with me and Graham - you have to make sweet malt sugars to ferment into beer. As we tried to explain.
Love it! Thank you for sharing this! 🍞
Thank you for making. You are the cream of youtube/net.
💥 BOOM!
The Prehistory Giggle Guys are at it again! 😊😊😊
Great content, thanks
Thanks folke❤❤❤❤
I'm here for the old stuff.
Oh! Foodstuffs from way back! And Beer making!?! Were these the places where they were able to revive the yeasts and experiment with them? May we have Some More, Sirs?
Saw a video recently, still trying to place it. Catahuyuk, in this video they say they found evidence of a very intensive canal system right through the village, they say they could canoe between various places in the village, redirect two rivers, canalled in to Iran, to the Tigres river, pretty cool, thought you guys might have heard about this?, enjoy your take on these discoveries, there's news about the stepped pyramid coming through
Cioa, jkm
I expect that some of the cultures in the area had a ritual of scattering grain seeds in a burnt over area that had been sort-of cleared of other competitors as their part of a bargain with/thanks to the grain that enabled them to have beer and bread. Gradually more and more of the grain they scattered had been grown from human-scattered grain - but it was likely quite a while before 'sown grain' predominated over 'wild-gathered grain'. I imagine that the amount of effort they put into this putative ritual was probably an afternoon or two worth of effort. It doesn't take much to plant a poor-quality garden, but a poor-quality garden can 'get the ball rolling'.
Thanks!
Thanks so much Holly!!
The animation in the very beginning has east mound and west mound swapped ...
So they had beer. Good lads.
Interesting that archaeologists consider the Gobleki Tepe culture as the originators of farming, when the Natufians seem to have got there some 4,000 years earlier!
I saw this little and instantly thought of that archaeologist who found a frozen mammoth and decided he wanted to cook a piece and try it out lol
So what does this find tell us about the abandonment of this community? I understand that environment, climate etc are considered to be its demise, but over a long period of time. Leaving your unbaked bread behind says a more immediate departure to me.
Last year tens of thousands of people died in an earthquake.
I recon they made beer first as its more simple bread is complicated .By the way if someone gets hold of that bread recipe they can make a lot of money as the oldest bread in the world
Could Çatal Huyuk still be a perma-cultural economic settlement?
That classic planted/irrigated agriculture was preceded by centuries or millennia, of encouraging existing stands of plants (from herbs through to trees) through repetitive interventions (weeding, burning), creating manufactured cultivated landscapes (edenic pastured woodlands).
😎👍
ok i shoulda finnished watching before i spoke
Ohalo2, SW of Sea of Galilee in Israel might prove interesting to you.
Next discovery: sliced bread. :)
It was really an ancient hammer
8600 years sounds about right but im looking for older ...sites in syria have 10k and that means orgaised agro
Wouldn’t uncooked bread be dough?
Bread from a Shubakery!
Clearly you haven’t been to Tesco’s at Market Weighton,
🤣
I figure that if you eat wheat gruel for 4 or 5 months in a row, you will start experimenting....seriously
Turkey sandwiches could go back a long time then?
They left the bread in the oven way too long no wonder it is black.
That did NOT look like a loaf of bread! That looked like, ahem, already eaten bread.
is this also the earliest kebab?
Well - why not? Makes sense! 😊
How do they know that it's not just someone's natural medicine poultice gone mouldy ? 🤣🤣
Dude, you’re wearing a square watch! What the heck! Blimey, why?
I 'd bet it wasn't white bread.
I haven’t listened to the whole presentation yet, but why aren’t you telling us exactly what grains these breads were made from? Haven’t they been analyzed? I for one would rather hear specifics rather than all this speculation about beer. When you find large vessels clearly used for beer-making, THEN you can talk about beer.
This presentation is male-dominated snd beer is sexier for guys. Talk to me about the oven, and its construction. Talk about the fuel used. Analyze the bread and tell us what grains these people were growing!
Your presentation contains little content of real interest! Talk talk talk. And we’ve learned nothing!