The Sephardic Golden Age (756-1066) [feat. Hikma History]
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- Опубліковано 4 лип 2024
- Hikma History's video on the Alhambra: • Why The Alhambra Is Ep...
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Sources:
Maria Rosa Menocal
The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain
amzn.to/3pRyO6O
"Who Was Shmuel HaNagid? The Jews of Sepharad"
Dr. Henry Abramson (UA-cam)
• Who Was Shmuel ha-Nagi...
0:00 Intro
0:45 The Rise of Córdoba
4:12 Abd al-Rahman III
5:15 Hasdai ibn Shaprut
9:11 The Fitna of al-Andalus
11:16 Samuel ibn Nagrela
14:19 The Granada Massacre
I am an orthodox yeshiva Jew and I must say i thoroughly enjoy your history. Even if at times I learned something a bit different I am so glad to hear it coming from different point of views. I wish you only further success and to go from strength to strength. God bless.
I am an Arab and Muslim and incidentally found your channel and I must say, I found your videos to be informative and fascinating.
It's "accidentally " 😁
@@TimaiosGottfried lol sorry
Leave it to an Arab Muslim to leave a kind comment and the Internet demons crawl out of the hellhole.
Such a fascinating period, you did a great job recounting it!
"because listening to them would be bad for you." you sound just like my Jewish professor of Ethics, down to the cadence and everything, it is a comforting thing to hear these days.
This was actually a reference to Jon Bois' "The Bob Emergency." The origin of this is at 19:45 but the whole thing is worth a watch from start to finish.
ua-cam.com/video/lvh6NLqKRfs/v-deo.html
@@SamAronow loved that reference. And Brian Wilson too
@@SamAronow Holy shit, I clicked that out of curiosity and derailed my entire night, it was so good.
Blue, from Overly Sarcastic Productions, titled his History Summarized video on the history of Judaism the "Persistence of Judaism".
With each new video you make the more I realize the deep meaning of that title.
This channel exists because of OSP. They are much better-promoted in the Israeli algorithm (due to geographic relevance, I guess) and I first saw their videos while jet-lagged on my first night in Israel.
Best Jewish history chanel.
I watched the 40 videos on your Jewish history Playlist in a day, but forgot to thank you. As a native born jew, Israeli and a big history buff, I have still managed to learn a lot of new things.
I have nothing but kind words for you.
לא אגיד שאתה עושה מצווה, אבל אתה מדהים.
אם תרצה עזרה בערבית או בעברית, רק תגיד.
ד"ש ליפו!
Are you a Turkic Khazari from Europe, why do you call yourself a Jew?
@@aliyaser7698 It takes a lot to be this ignorant
@@aliyaser7698 Imagine answering a 2 year old comment just to be antisemitic.
@@aliyaser7698 Who says that genes defines a person's religion?
This is genuinely one of the best channels on UA-cam, and undoubtedly one of if not THE best history channel. The details and nuances and differences of perspective and overall specificity of the narrative of the history presented here is really fascinating. Weaving the story of the Jews into the stories of the world they lived in and were integral to is so much more interesting than the way non-Jewish historians have attempted to draw out some of this material and much of this story is largely ignored by much mainstream Euro-American history writing. I’m reminded what it was like when I first began to encounter Chinese history in China written from a Chinese perspective. Thank you for producing such high quality content and for taking the time to even correct your videos when necessary. That’s a commitment to rigour that is sorely missing among even the most respected academics.
Thank you for saying so. Putting Jewish history back in the context of world history is exactly what I set out to do when creating this channel.
Nice video, I'm a huge fan of your work here from northern Brazil (Amazon rainforest), most of the jewish comunity here where I live are sephardic from Maroccan descent, I can't wait for the video about chassidut to come up, their sages and works were brilliant as well!
It's crazy that no one teach us this part of our history in Portugal. I had never heard of this part of Portuguese (i.e Iberian) history, that's is clearly so influential on the definition of Portugal as a country. I bet you almost every in Portugal never heard this
Visigoth rulers were actually very lenient towards the jews, many laws targeting jews being dead letters and the rulers refusing to adopt never ones as in the rest of Europe and demanded by the papacy.
Bachrachs "Early medieval Jewish policy in Western Europe" is a good source on it.
I like how you refer to the Byzantine Empire as the Roman Empire. Not only is it accurate, but when dealing with a more eastern and southern Mediterranean context it fits the perspective.
Benjamin Disraeli was a Jewish European head of state in the 19th century.
because of your channel i started learning hebrew i've really learnt alot about jewish culture from you
You are deciever
@@kevincarter2116
?
@@yasmineelboubsi6038 the producer of this video is a deceiver. This is revisionist history. The Jews of Spain and Portugal were Black.
@@kevincarter2116
I cant agree nor disagree but i know for sure that the jews in my country morocco werent black but amazigh and jewish.
@Elvis Musso you're a liar.
To be honest it is the first time I was actively angered by the mention of the crusader
The chief adviser to the most powerful nation on the planet: "This has only happened one other time in history"
Ah, but how many times has it happened in the literature? Two? Three?
Another absolute banger of an episode. Keep em coming
Great video as always!
When I think about Jews of al-Andalus in that period the person who first comes to my mind is Ibrahim ibn Yaqub (Abraham ben Jacob), whose relation is one of the most valuable and interesting sources about the early Polish history and West Slavic history in general.
Anyway, it's somehow weird to think that the crusades are coming already in the next episode, seems like we were still covering Josephus not so long ago.
Wow, stunningly well done, hooked every moment!
Brilliant detail, and informative 😊
I hope that you had a good holiday season! I’m glad that you’re back.
Amazing video.
Really appreciate this production value 🙏
Another great youtube history channel!
Excellent channel very informative and educative, i'm learning a lot about our history and leagacy, i like especially the videos about the golden age of Sephardic jews, very collateral and specific as well, i liked it the fact you insist to correct the way people mistakingly reffer to ribi sholomo iben gabirol keep up the good work it's brilliant!
Great video!
The bit about "Even Gvirol" made me lol XD
I hate to be that guy, but Aven is the correct pronunciation for the Arabic equivalent of ibn in Andalusia at that time.
That must have been addressed since the video was published because the street today is called Ibn Gabirol. @@YoelFievelBenAvram he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C
Yesh! Both of my favourite history youtubers collaborating.
Let's remind people of the reach and (mostly) friendly historical relationships.
Cant wait for you to cover the exile and the crusades
underrated channel
My last name is sephardic, the majority of Nicaraguan surnames are sephardic in origin!🇳🇮🇪🇸🇵🇹🇲🇦🇮🇱
Let's go!
really thanks for sharing the jewish history. I could resist to watch all the videos.
I literally thought that you meant Even Gvirol, that caught me off guard!
Shalom Aleykhem from muslim lover of your Channel.
"In all Jewish history, a Jew being the foreign minister of the strongest country on Earth has happened only twice." *Shows picture of Kissinger* Eehh, Idk I think it's better to just stick with the smart Andalusian guy and forget about the American war criminal
Fascinating. Thank you and waiting forward for videos on Askenasi and Mustaarbi jews in the Middle Ages. Most people have little idea about the origins of Askenasi jewry (hint - originally Babylonian Talmud adoption and only later Jerusalem Talmud, and this hints two migrations from Mediterranean to lower Germania), and the continuous Jewish community in the Levant (ruined by Crusaders, guess you next video about this menace).
ashkenazi=khazar
@@weeklydeals4380 Ashkenazi are Jews of Mediterranean
great video! though i think it's a bit silly to argue over whether it's even or ibn gvirol, because if your point is "he spoke arabic in his daily life" then his real name would be sulyman bin yahya bin jabirul
My Guy, I had to rewind and replay that shade you threw at how they announce "ibn gabirol" like 10 times.
Good video as always, I would like to know when you say your lineage is from Mount Carmel, I'm interested in who you got this knowledge from.
I'm saving this information for when we reach the 1790s.
@@SamAronow Well I'm only aware of my family going back to the mid 19th century.
You'd be surprised what you can find if you ask for help from others interested in Jewish genealogy, have any notable rabbinic surnames in your background, or can read Cyrillic cursive (2/3 ain't bad).
You never mention the title we use for him, Shemuel ha-Nagid (the prince) or that he was also a prolific poet and accomplished Talmudist (or much about the Judaism of that era in general).
Hey Sam, will you ever make a video telling us a bit more about yourself, more specifically how and why you made Aliyah to Israel and stuff? I think I'm not the only one who'd be interested in that.
I won't; this is not an appropriate place for it.
Thank you Sam Now I know who is this Aven Gvirol fella😅😂
Just bought my dad a copy of Rashi's commentary because of this video. Cant wait to steal it from him and read it.
henry kissinger jump scare ahh
14:15 made me laugh. These videos are great.
EVEN GVIROL
We just skipped the golden ore stage? Did we even craft a furnace?
When you say no Jew has been a head of government until the 20th century in Europe, I presume you are counting Disraeli as a gentile because of his family's conversion?
You may want to add en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Litvinov who was the foreign minister of the Soviet Union before Molotov.
I have to know, what's the song you use for the closing minute of the video?
There is a legend that states that Rodrigo, final visigod king, violate a virgin, and that his father who was a noble man, asked for help to the emir of ifriquiya, who landed and conquered the land after Guadalete, which was the battle that created a muslim spain.
No, my friend, in the study of history, the commander of the Gothic army turned against the Gothic king and seized power, and a civil war broke out against the supporters of the Goth king.
@@aliyaser7698 that's also truth
@@nestorjuansavinonportorreal Why did the commander of the Gothic army turn against the Gothic king? The Arabs in Andalusia said he might have done this in order to seize power.
@@aliyaser7698 the spanish legend Is the one i stated. But actually, Rodrigo's legitimacy on the throne was question by other members of the visigothic noblety, whom claim to have better claims in order to rule Spain
@@nestorjuansavinonportorreal Why did the Goths not unite against the Arabs?
“Court Poet, and quite possibly boyfriend” nice
Good videos Jewish friend please made more on this part of western Europe as many scholar and knowledgable Jewish people rose from Iberia specially the time between 750 Ad to 1020 Ad was the cultural golden age and zenith and peak of Jews in western Europe in medieval Europe.As a Muslim I must say Jews have fascinating and history full of adventure of different places they are everywhere in past times .
Hasdai ibn Shaprut, Henry Kissinger, and now a third to add to the list - Anthony Blinken.
Wow
Oh, I saw the exclave of Fraxinetum in the previous video but I thought it was probably just an independent city.
kissigner jumpscare lol
Douze points for the manchego cheese remark!
Also Ibn Gabirol was most certainly not the boyfriend of Shemuel haNagid lol (and I imagine he might have pronounced his name as abn Jabirul but I'm not really sure).
What’s the music that plays in the end?
The Real sephardic Golden Age was on the 16th century," La Celestina" Fernando de Rojas, "La Perfecta Casada", Fry Luis de León, "Guzmán de Alfarache ", Mateo Alemán., "El quijote ", Cervantes among many others, although converse Jews, they are the fathers of the Spanish literature.
8:14 oh no
15:34 What about Benjamin Disraeli ? Brexit hadn't happen yet in the 19th century ;)
Disraeli was Jewish by ancestry but raised Anglican. If I included him, it would open an endless semantic debate about conversos, and even by the 18th century almost all European royalty had some Jewish ancestry through Paloma ibn Yahya.
@@SamAronow I didn't know that, thanks ! And great video as always !
Where did you get that shlomo ibn gabirol was in a relationship with shmuel hanagid and why dont you use the Hebrew names
The relationship was a joke and ibn gabirol doesn't translate to "even gvirol", its basekly gibberish created by misspelling
@@chensemu It's the correct spelling, but it's being pronounced using the rules of the wrong language.
@@SamAronow so it was a joke
I am very proud of my Jewish ancestors from Spain and Portugal, we know what happened to this group.
If you're going to insist on _ibn_ Gabirol, it would make sense to also say _Shlomo,_ and I think its _Gavirol._
It was a very interesting episode. Very educating. It could be perfect if you wouldn't add this little humiliating opinion about Shmuel and Ibn Gavirol - two great pillars in Jewish history.
Other than that, good episode.
It’s a video!
Will you return to making election videos again?
Oh yes, very soon on one of my other channels...
@@SamAronow wait what? You have other channels. What are they called?
ua-cam.com/channels/hm6ruT0nyR-6BceX6qpgdg.html
ua-cam.com/channels/duRtLDZdWalOh795ag2cFQ.html
You mentioned that there wouldn't be another Jewish head of state until the 20th century. Would that be Léon Blum? Wouldn't Disraeli be before him (unless you discount him because of his conversion to Christianity).
Alessandro Fortis.
“This has only happened one other time”
God Damn it why’d it have to be Kissinger
Well 2 times now with Blinken
The US is likely to have a Jewish SecState but it’s up for debate as to whether we are still the world’s strongest nation.
Yeah, I wrote most of this script in October/November.
crusader w lets go
8:19 What about Madeleine Albright?
Like Disraeli, Albright is Jewish by ancestry but not by practice or upbringing.
@@SamAronow To be fair, Kissinger wasn't quite Jewish by practice, either. I can think of someone else, but I won't go there...
Who was the Jewish head of state in the 17th century? Gabriel Milan?
Wow, you got it! But it's head-of-government, not head-of-state. A head-of-state is ceremonial.
8:18 now we have Antony Blinken. Also Kissinger was a traitor
I'm a history guy, a Christian, have a solemn respect for the Jewish people and all they have been through from satan chasing them around the world for millennia....And I like the cut of you're jib. Just found another favorite channel. Keep it up.
Is Jesus against the Semites because of his hatred of the Jews Jesus hates the Jews because of the killing of the prophets?
@@aliyaser7698 Jesus hates NOONE. And He preached to The Jews alone because they wee God's chosen people and had thousands of years worth of. relationship and God still will make good on His promises to His people. Only after Jesus' death, and Pauls's(a Jew) frustration with certain Jews did he a long with the other disciples began preaching to the gentiles. I feel lucky to be "grafted in" to God's children(The Israelites).
@@Drakemiser The Jews were cursed by the Lord, who made the Romans expel the original Jews to the Arabian Peninsula and Iran
5:46
Hasdai ibn shapirut --- Ha, paintbrush aids
Now I'm wondering what language Samuel ibn Nagrela used when writing poetry? You mention the Gaon of Kairaoun, assuming such a position would only exist for a substantial community where else had a Gaon? Thanks for what you do.
1. Hebrew and Arabic.
2. Sura and Pumbedita had most of the geonim. Tiberias and Ramla had a couple. Kairouan had the last of them. And the masters in Spain aren’t considered Geonim but the first generation of them aren’t considered Rishonim either. It’s all pretty nebulous.
@@SamAronow Thanks for the reply, I thought those two the most likely for languages but then wondered if he used classical or colloquial Arabic, a quick search suggests colloquial. So none outside the Muslim world then? Also grateful for the link to the vid on Fraxinentum, an illustration that European history is more Islamic than generally recognised.
Over 80% of the world's Jewish population at this time was within the Muslim world. Only in the 11th century would Ashkenazi centers of learning rise in power, which I'll discuss in the next video.
@@SamAronow I did not realise the portion was so high, a great shame the sources on this time leave so many gaps. Thanks for you time.
Jews didn't learn the Qur'an and thus tended not to know Classical Arabic. Jews and Christians for most of Islamic history were the only ones to write in colloquial Arabic so scholars really like seeing old Jewish and Christian texts to get an idea of the Arabic from back then.
Hearing Brian Wilson in a UA-cam video about Al Andalus wasn’t on my bingo card but, hey, r/suddenlyLSU
Why can't all countries be like Cordoba before the succesion crises?
TAKE NOTES, WORLD
Yes you are Right about muslims who invade spain they were mostly amazigh berbers and descendents of romans in Africa or you can say afro romance speaking people
Comment for the Algorithm
Who is watching this after Anthony blinken became Secretary of State ? *two other times 😄*
The current US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, is also Jewish. I guess that makes Hasdai ibn Shaprut one of three.
The majority of the Muslim Army was Berber (Amazigh), not Roman. Why do people always ignore the Imazighen?
Because most Andalusian Muslims were Hispano-iberian Converts the Berbers and Arabs made up the minority ruling class
@@freetube5304 not in the army. Besides, the Berbers did migrate in large numbers to the Peninsula.
"Roman-African" not "Roman" it means Berber.
@@kuroazrem5376 than why did they have minimal genetic impact?
@@freetube5304 He is only talking about the portion when the video referred to Berbers (North Africans) as Afro-Romans, which would be a bit weird way to call them. the term Afro-Romans is West Centered since Berbers had Kingdoms (Mauritania, Numidia) that were client to the Roman Empire.
Found an error. Jews in Europe representing state until the 20th Century. However Benjamin Disraeli was Prime Minister of Britain during the 19th Century. Sorry to be that guy.
@Hindustani Muslim Mamluks he actually converted to Christianity from Judaism as a formality to the Anglian Church. However it was just a formality as his loyalty to the crown, because he was Jewish was brought up countless times in Parliament.
@Hindustani Muslim Mamluks As a British Jew with Israeli parents I can say with certainty that you are completely wrong on all counts. Firstly if your mother was Jewish then the Jewish community recognises you as a Jew, it doesn't matter who you worship or don't believe at all that person is still considered a Jew. Secondly Jews don't see Jesus as a "deviant" as you put it. We don't learn anything about him or Mohammed as that is a completely different religion. Finally I don't know why you are bringing up Israel into this. It has nothing to do with the video or Benjamin Disraeli
Your North African map is incorrect; the Barghwata only lived in the Atlantic coast of Morocco; the rest of the territory was controlled by the Shiite Iddrissids. Also, you forgot to include Tahert, which was a prosperous Ibadi Kingdom in today's Algeria, and which had a large Jewish population as well.
The students are Hashemites, a year old, my friend
The Al-Nasirids were "Berber-Arabs" they remind me of the guy you mentioned Abd Al-Rahman. They were white but of partial Berber and even less Arab ancestry. Even Jewish ancestry.
The Quraish tribe, descendants of Ismail, loved the Jews
The King of Iraq, Faisal, was one of the Hashemites, cousins of Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace. He loved the Jews
15:38 Benjamin Disraeli, a Jew, was a British PM in the 19th century
.
A bahsket case, eh
It wasn't the 20th century but the 19th century when a Jew became a leader of a European Country. Benjamin Disraeli served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1874 to 1880.
why'd you say no Jew would serve as a european head of gov until the 20th century? Benjamin Disraeli was Jewish and became British PM in 1868
How could we give you any credit while you are inserting the word morocco(a country born in the 20th century out of the french imperialism)on a map(a very false map for that matter)that dates back to the 10th century(there was no Italy or France neither in those days).And limiting the Fatimids empire to a small part of North Africa.The Fatimid empire started in nowdays Algeria(a country that you ignored in your cartoon like map)and then expanded to nowdays Tunisia,Libya and Morocco before reaching the middle east and setting up their new capital city Cairo in todays Egypt.And you did also not show the Rustemid state in Algeria and Aghlabid state in Tunisia which were in place during the time frame mentioned on the video.And this is only one aspect of the full blown mistakes that riddle your video.
Wasn't Joseph second only to Pharoah, and also Disraeli was prime Minister of England when Napoleon was rampaging, wasn't he.
Some of the information here isnt factually correct.
Prove it but without using anti Jewish propaganda sources
How tolerance if you force them to convert to Islam by blackmailing them? what a hyprocite
I love this Zionist Israel version of history
First off the idea that Vikings settled in Al Andulus and converted to Islam to make cheese is an urban legend and has zero archaeological evidence behind it. Most historians do not believe it to be true.
Secondly, it's happened a third time. Antony Blinken, US Secretary of State, is Jewish.
Finally, Benjamin Disraeli (a Jew) was British Prime Minister (Head of Government) in the 19th Century, from 1874 - 1880.
Disraeli was ethnically Jewish but had converted to Anglicanism as a child.
@@baneofbanes So? Still an ethnic Jew. When the Norse converted to Christianity did that stop them from being Norse people because they abandoned their ethnic Norse religion?
Did ethnic Iranians stop being Iranian when they converted from their ethnic Zoroastrianism to Islam?
@@everythingman987 Jewish by brith perhaps but did he keep a Jewish identity? Everything I’ve read says no.
@@baneofbanes Adhering to traditions and practices does not make you a Jew or not. You can't change your ethnicity, even if you live a completely different lifestyle to your ancestors.
I could go into the wilderness and become a hunter/gatherer outdoorsman who lives in tents and worships VHS copies of Eddie Murphy movies as my religion. wouldn't change my ethnicity.
@@everythingman987 yah that really doesn’t change anything I said. Most people don’t consider Disraeli to be a Jew, including himself from what I’ve read at least.
Why can't the Sephardi and Ashkenazi get along?
Who said they didn't? Ashkenaz at this time was firmly within the Sephardic sphere of influence.
@@SamAronow From Wikipedia: "Sephardi-Ashkenazi relations have at times been tense and clouded by arrogance, snobbery and claims of racial superiority, with both sides claiming the inferiority of the other, based upon such features as physical traits and culture.[114][115][116][117][118]"
There's also a whole section on it here:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_Israel#Sephardim_and_Mizrahim_(Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_Jews)
@@LordJagd Overstated. Sephardim and Ashkenazim get along the vast majority of the time. They marry each other and raise families together too.
@@condovo Sure, but I'm still curious what the reasons are for this discrimination in the first place. The discriminatory conditions of Sephardim and Mizrahim, as stated in that Wikipedia section, sounds very prevalent and severe.
@@LordJagd It’s because the leaders of the old Yishuv, the pre-state Jewish community in Mandatory Palestine, were predominantly of European background and had internalized prejudice against those who were not Western, despite Jews being persecuted in Europe for millennia. Today, there are lingering indicators of lower achievement by Sephardim/Mizrahim in Israeli society but the gaps are closing. Discrimination is neither prevalent nor severe. Now much of, maybe even most of Israeli leadership across all sectors is of Sephardi/Mizrahi or mixed background.