Hydrogen Alpha - Sixty Symbols
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- Опубліковано 2 вер 2015
- If astronomers had a favourite wavelength, 656.28 nm would be high on the list!
Featuring Dr Meghan Gray.
More from this interview: • Hydrogen Alpha (extra ...
Pete Lawrence, sun watcher: • Watching the Sun - Dee...
GranTeCan with Brady: • Inside the Gran Telesc...
ALMA: • ALMA - Deep Sky Videos
Where did the Sun come from: • M67 - Where did the Su...
Visit our website at www.sixtysymbols.com/
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This project features scientists from The University of Nottingham
bit.ly/NottsPhysics
Sixty Symbols videos by Brady Haran
www.bradyharanblog.com
Email list: eepurl.com/YdjL9 - Наука та технологія
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Dr. Gray is wonderfully articulate. Her ability to impart information is fantastic. I enjoy listening to her.
I love these videos so much. It would be amazing to get to talk to these people and see things like this for a job. Great stuff as always!
Hey cubologist I am one of ur subs!
+Cubeologist nice to see cubers here :)
+Cubeologist Oh awesome, a cuber is here :D
I'm starting a Physics w/ Astronomy Degree at Nottingham in 2 weeks, so I will see some of these wonderful people on a daily basis :')
Always great to see cubers on physics/science videos ;)
+Cubeologist You live these videos? That must be terrible, to depend on more videos in order to stay alive.
Yet another great video from the Brady team.
Thank you for teaching in such a pleasant and easy to understand way.
Fantastically clear explanation of this telescope and how these filters work. I wish I had an instructor like Dr. Gray for every subject I had in school!
The Ballmer series has electrons developing, developing, developing, developing to lower wavelengths.
heh
+TheBentastic I. LOVE. THIS. HYDROGEN.
+TheBentastic LOL nice one
+TheBentastic WHO SAID GO DOWN AN ENERGY LEVEL!
+TheBentastic I didn't get it.
Brady can you come back here and get some 'live' footage of the sun?
this was so good! I wish all sixty symbols were as clear and concise as this one! she's very good at explaining herself.
Thanks for the video! Amazing presentation and very informative.
Good video. Thanks.
Hi Eugene!
This was an unexpectedly interesting video :D I liked the discussion on the minutiae.
There are affordable hydrogen alpha filters for dSLR and mirrorless cameras. Very useful with super telephoto lenses. By the way in the case of sun observation NEVER USE THE OPTICAL VIEWFINDER. The live view or the Electronic View Finder EVF of mirrorless cameras is fine and safe.
You did a great job explaining this!
Great video, I didn't really know too much about those types of telescopes before.
That's awesome! I love fabry perot interferometers. Wonderful devices
"jazzed up" Don't get too technical on me here now, Brady. ;)
1:14 can you please do a detailed video about atoms and electrons, and how they work? I'd love to know more.
quicker formation is achieved through the fact that there must be more energy in the system
I can actually understand this. Thank you for explaining it in a way that makes sense to me.
Excellent vidéo as always
I love the confluence of astronomy with particle physics, combining the study of the extremely large with the extremely small.
SixtySymbols videos + meditation music in another tab = magical experience
At 3:54, I had to laugh at the "N" shaped sunspot as if it was trying to indicate its own magnetic polarity.
I enjoy Meghan's enthusiasm and expertise.
hey Murray, loving the sixty symbols, thanks for another great video :) much better than your flight of the conchords stuff :P
+Ben Smith present
+Ben Smith HAHAHAHAHAHAHA
+Ben Smith Had to do 5 minutes of investigating to finally understand this comment.
Really amazing information!
cool video, well explained. thanks!
Anyone else think that Meghan is lovely?
Great video, thanks a lot.
so the sun is after all smiling as in the pictures young kids draw? :)
the myth is finally confirmed
Instructions weren't clear, I looked at the sun by using binacular telescope.
I *literally* have the equivalent solar telescope! They're great things. Actually mine's a bit better, I have the pressure-tuned etalon, rather than tilt-tuned like this one.
Observing the sun visually is really pretty neat, highly recommended to give it a try, in a safe way.
Great video. The longer she teaches and lives there in England the more her is beginning to sound British lol. Love these vids.
the filter speech at 2:30 got me thinking. If I wanted to detect a specific frequency, lets say in the Infrared, would the _blocking_ filter used _have_ to look totally black and opaque to the naked eye (in order to block all visible light?) And I'm guessing it would have a certain thickness associated with it to block/allow light if we think of if as a wave. I'm just interested in what exactly a filter like that is made of and how it works. I wonder if we could block all light but UV for tanning beds or greenhouses with a certain material (without light bouncing off plates)
Yay new video!
very good explanation
Hey, i was wondering...
when observing other galaxies, doesn't the red shifting effect change this particular wavelength ?
they probably need to adjust the filter for the shifted rays...
I own that exact scope. Wonderful views.
(Subject: Dr. Meghan Gray) Good to listen to someone confident in herself and who and what she is by her choice. I betcha she still knows that she is of the female human species, but not once did I feel that was in any way a point of her presentation. Good for her.
I got the feeling she could go on talking for hours... and maybe hours and days more.
+Gerard Kuzawa
damn dude, sounding a bit patronising. (which is quite amusing, considering....)
should have mentioned the spectrohelioscope the mechanical Ha filter. very interesting
Brilliant, thanks.
i love the Ha pics
Has anyone ever tried imaging another star like this? Now that's something I'd love to see, if it is even possible to get anywhere near that kind of detail. Something between 5-30 lys away lets say.
Quick answer:
No, not possible. Too far away, too less angular resolution.
The best you can get is a small disc which show just the biggest details as some dark washed out spots. You have to use interference techniques for that and it works only with the biggest stars. But direct visual observation: no way. Every telescope has a limit on its maximum angular resolution depending on its diameter (and thus limits maximum usefull magnification at the same time). This limit is based on the wave properties of light and there is nothing you can do about it other then building larger telescopes (that is: bigger diameter). I have not done the calculation but as a quick estimate I would think for what you want to do, you would need a mirror or lens as big as the diameter of earths path around the sun (if that is even enough).
So what happens when electron is being striped of the nuclei? It emits energy when it gets closer to it and then what? At 3000K it flies away, does it emit more energy or absorb some?
99,5 % likes on the video! 21:58 3/9 2015.
Nice work on the channel. I appreciate it!
Can you use an infrared camera & what layer(s) would be visible if you can? Would it be just a giant blob of light since infrared is in front of the sun?
I really like that the speaker, who has obviously lived a while in the UK, hasn't done what so many Americans seem to do: put on a British accent.
Yay, Dr Meghan Gray!
"it is often jazzed up later" lol does this happen a lot in astronomy?
I have seen many pictures of the Sun in H alpha. I have also seen the Sun directly through such a telescope. The two views just don't compare. If you ever have the opportunity to to look at the H alpha sun directly through an eyepiece, don't pass it up, it will blow your mind.
nanometer precise filters and no mention of redshift? or is the effect too subtle on the subject?
+madinatore check the extra footage video
+Sixty Symbols will do, watched this twice and felt like I had to have missed it
why do we see more than one color in the pictures of the telescope, while the filter allows only one wavelength to pass? Do they get the yellow color from doing calculations with the intensity of the H alpha radiation? Or did I just miss something ^^
Fascinating
What type of emission, instead of hydrogen alpha, would be used in a solar telescope for the observation of older stars? (that have finished fusing their hydrogen atoms)
+hindos Gottenberg Old stars continue fusing hydrogen in their outer layers, they only fuse heavy elements in their core. The hydrogen is much lighter so the surface of a star is always hydrogen.
I'd like to hear some of these astronomers' thoughts on light pollution. :)
I would like to know who's the people that dislikes videos like this one, and why do they dislike... I mean, what is about it that someone would not like to the point of giving it a thumb down?
+Leopoldo Aranha
Upthread it's suggested that flat-Earthers might do it, amongst other idiots.
coolest job ever
Noob question @1:19 "Transitions of electrons falling from the 3rd level to the 2nd level; when they do that they release an amount of energy, and that energy radiates at that specific wavelength", how or in what form is this energy carried? In the form of a photon particle or as electromagnetic wave? Wiki articles are making it worse.
+pussiestroker Photons and electromagnetic waves are essentially the same thing. It all boils down to wave-particle duality in quantum physics. The easiest way to think of it (at least for me) is that the transition emits a photon that oscillates at a wavelength of 656.28 nm. That isn't entirely accurate, but I'd say it's enough for these purposes.
+pussiestroker
The photon is an elementary particle, the quantum of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. It is the force carrier for the electromagnetic force.
So, it emits photons.
So what is special about this 3->2 transition? Why not 2->1 or 4->2 or whatever else? Is it the "brightest" one? Is its wavelength the most accessible on the Earth's surface? How do I get this comment to be read by the author of the video :) ?
I wonder if the people who down voted this video were like "My mom told me no never look at the sun, NEVER!!!!!!"
wertewrtwert Excuse me?
wertewrtwert None of the republicans are, and only Bernie Sanders is for the democrats. So who else should I vote for? Deez Nuts?
wertewrtwert So you are voting for racist trump. Cool, but you dont need to tell me.
wertewrtwert Do you support the Klan and all fox propaganda hate mongering? I have a feeling you do.
Making comments appropriate for the Young Turks channel on Sixty Symbols? Lame.
I know that telescope. A friend of mine has that same model. I have the 35mm version!
Dr. Gray is foxy!
RIP to Dr. Gray's Canadian accent.
Does the hydrogen atom emit other wavelenth when for exemple the electron excitation state's drop from lvl2 to lvl1 ?
+eucalyptux Bit late but yes it does. The energy difference between the third energy state and the second is less than the energy difference between the second state and the ground state. This means when the electron jumps down from n=2 to n=1 (second state to ground) it has to emit a higher frequency photon to make up for this increased energy difference.
findalyo5 never too late
thanks
Hi eucalyptus , when the electron excitation state of hydrogen atom drops from lvl2 to lvl1 we get Lyman Alpha (wavelength 121.5 nm) in the ultra violet region that can be observed by space telescope.
@@vuongto8571 thx ;)
I spent a lot of time as a kid staring at the sun( didn't like listening) ironicly enough my whole family is blind and I have 20 / 20 vision( or atleast very good and far and short range vision) always thought that was weird
I get that this is physics, but it would also make total sense to put this on deepskyvideos too. Also i've told people about H-alpha before and how a lot of the amazing pictures of the sun are taken with it, next time I can just send them here
What's with the weird lens?
Hey brady how is this not on DSV :D
Would be funnier if people actually wrote the element on the periodic table instead of first, second etc. :D
+accounteasy91 really great idea. anything though would be better than "first B*tches"
U would have to know the atomic numbers of all elements. I memorised the periodic table for fun but others probably havent
+accounteasy91 *Counts*
Uh... chlorine!
Technecium! (43rd!)
+accounteasy91 i'll try that ..... im H
I understand the physics. What I don't understand is how this lovely video gets down votes. Answers on a post card to arrive no later than next Thursday.
+clangerbasher Its the same people who think the earth is flat.
All large videos have downvotes. It's probably just people ticking the wrong box.
69tthompson Flat? That's silly. We all know we live on the inside surface of a sphere.
+clangerbasher *+69tthompson*
Thou art fools, it has been known since ancient times that the EARTH rests on the convex surface of the WORLD TURTLE'S great shell.
+Aran Ransul Yes, and it's solid turtles all the way down!
Are you gonna make a video about Stephen Hawking's new idea about black holes stored information?
I think "idea" is a better word for that than "discovery".
Yeah, you're probably right. Changed.
Don't electrons quantum jump from orbital shell to orbital shell?
Didn't think they could ever actually be in-between shells as shown in the graphic.
Bohr's model (shells) doesn't reflect reality. It does however allow us to predict outcome. In reality, electrons are all over the place, but are more likely to be found in some areas ("shells").
My guess is he did it for clarity! (Which graphic are you referring to?)
+Simon Nylund
Right you are, I should've prefaced with "In the Bohr model"
Dr. Gray said "if you think of the atom as this classical Bohr atom".
However, the unstable Rutherford model was depicted (with the electrons moving in-between shells)
The Bohr-Rutherford (or Bohr for short) model included quantum jumps as an answer to the instability of Rutherford's model.
I'm referring to the graphics depicting the atom (both times)
p.s I know I'm just being a bit picky
Cosmology is interesting.
That pink filter looks like the top of my Tupperware-box D:
What is it filled with? Snacks?
You know me too good ;)
+MalfunctionM1Ke I assumed it was something like that--something they happened to have and could use as a demonstration.
What are the other favourite wavelengths for astronomers?
pfund beta?
My favourite wavelengths are whatever range visible light is because if they didn't exist I couldn't see
+TimeAndChance 500.7nm
+TimeAndChance 21 cm neutral hydrogen
OIII. The Veil nebula is absolutely breathtaking with an OIII Filter.
"Rare moment of english sunshine".
Rare.
Not that rare. It is sunny right now and has been all day
+Minecraftster148790 We have a new record!
+Minecraftster148790 I envy you. Manchester has like.... 95% rain :')
+yusufat1 I wish you'd keep it your side of the tops. :)
so why is this transition called alpha and not the one from 2 to 1?
+methanbreather There are a number of series of hydrogen lines, each characterized by the energy level at the end of the transition. The ones that end at n = 2 form the Balmer series; useful because a number of the lines are in the visible part of the spectrum. The n = 1 transitions form the Lyman series; those lines are in the ultraviolet. In each series, the transition with the least energy is termed the "alpha" line. Thus, Lyman-alpha is the 2 -> 1 transition; the Balmer 3 -> 2 transition is hydrogen-alpha ("Balmer" is so commonly referenced that it is assumed by default).
im suprised brady doesnt have one ....
Instead of making an imaginary assumption, such as an "electron" (must have) "fallen" from the "third level" to the "second level", I wonder if we could just stick to what is the behavior that was observed? Did the hydrogen change color or temperature? Did it change its charge or no longer bond with something?
Hydrogen's colour is dependant on these energy levels in the first place.
Also, remember that you are talking about something happening at an atomic level on the level of a star, not all of the hydrogen atoms are excited at the same time.
+gilbet - That's a bit like saying that, instead of studying how bacteria and viruses interact with cells and proteins, we should just stick to the symptoms of each disease.
It's just seems like circular logic to recite a theoretical phenomenon as the cause or being related to something, and dropping the actual observation.
I'm much more interested in the empiracle observation than a theoretical "observation". See the difference? One really happened, while the other "might have" happened.
gilbet Okay sure. The actual observation is the Balmer series, a series of frequencies at which hydrogen absorbs light (or emits it when excited). H-alpha is the first frequency in this series. They mentioned this in passing in the video.
The explanation of this phenomenon is electrons down to and up from the second energy level in the atom.
There are other series of spectral lines in hydrogen, but they are not in the visible range. These are because of electrons down to and up from other energy levels in the atom.
One reason you construct models for this kind of thing is that in doing so, you can work out mathematically how the thing is going to behave in any given situation, which can be rather useful.
gilbet No, it has several frequencies which are part of its line spectra, that's why it is called the Balmer *series*. But yes, they are discrete.
Also, this is talking about an excited gas, not just a warm gas. If you just warm it up a bit, all it will give off is black body radiation. Usually gases are excited by electrical currents rather than inferred radiation, but it doesn't matter how you excite it, it will give off the same frequencies. This is how "neon" lighting works, but only the orange ones actually use neon, other lamps use other elements. Hydrogen lamps come out a pinkish colour. You can also add a fluorescent coating to a mercury lamp and you have a fluorescent lamp.
The emission of photons has nothing to do with the gas vibrating, it is due to the electrons moving down to a lower energy level.
But the doppler effect does change the wavelength
+Kardop That's why most solar refractors use a doppler-tunning system
Hmm i see thanks
How do they deal with de Doppler efect while looking at the sun??
+epicme dan there shouldn't be any measurable Doppler effect. The sun and the earth have a relative speed of almost zero.
Larry Geary I don't understand what you mean by the material. The material in this case is the sun, which is not moving away or toward or away from us. I know how the Doppler effect works, but I fail to see how it might have any effect in this specific case.
+Larry Geary there is a video of extra footage - follow the links!
Larry Geary Ow I didn't think about that. Yet I don't think it would be that much in comparison. Not so much as to surpass the error margin of the filter used in the telescope. And even if it did, not all of the hydrogen gas is moving toward or away from us. If you consider all the possible ways gas can move in the sun, most of them are perpendicular to our view. So even if some of it gets filter out, there are plenty of light passing through.
+13thxenos But relative to the earth, the sun is spinning, which means one side is moving away and one side is moving towards us. The effect's probably negligible, though.
WTF a 3-minute advertisement that can't be turned off? Sorry, I won't stick around to watch that.
she mentioned the red plastic top only let red through, but wouldn't it actually be the opposite?
You have an obvious place for annotations, but clicking on them doesn't seem to work for me. Is it just my computer, or is it messed up?
+ZipplyZane links should be in video description
+Sixty Symbols Oh, I know. I just wondered if the problem was with you guys, UA-cam, or my computer.
I've since narrowed it down to UA-cam or my computer.
+ZipplyZane annotations are being phased out by Google I can't even use them in my videos anymore
+Christopher Willis
They're being phased out? That's fantastic news!
***** No, it isn't. It means the one place online for interactive videos is shutting down.
And it's being replaced with cards, which have much fewer features and are much more annoying to use. Sure, it works if you just want to mention a single video and have people be able to click on it. It doesn't work if you want to have a bunch of videos in one place, or if you want to customize what the links look like.
I still don't get why UA-camrs think annotations are so freaking hard, either.
Why are H-Alpha filters SO VERY EXPENSIVE?
Is that a Takahashi telescope?
+isaacc7 No; it's made by Lunt Solar Systems. See the closeup at 0:54.
Thanks!
how is this telescope any different than a normal refractor or dobsonian equipped with a hydrogen alpha filter?
Whats the approximate cost of that little toy?
+Joee Green a really good quality refractor costs between 5000 - 10000 EUR. Take into account another 10k for a very good computerized mount, another 5-6k for filters and camera and I don't know how much for the Cupola.
That's really expensive stuff, even for a small scope.
+Larry Geary Well, 3000+ is a bit much, you can get a better scope than the one in the video (pressure tuned etalon) for about 2k. Mount is less important for visual observation - a smoothly panning tripod for 50$ can work, I've tried it myself.
+Antonio Barba The scope in the video costs less than 1000$ (less than 900€), and is a pre-built solar scope with no need for additional filters. Absolutely no need for computerized mount on something as large and easy to find as the Sun, don't even need a motorized mount for visual observation (hardly needed for photography either, the shutter times for solar photography is in the milliseconds).
Can comfortably have a workable setup for about 3000$, tripod/mount and CCD included.
+Joee Green The closeup at 0:54 shows this to be a Lunt Solar Systems LS60T H-alpha scope. Their web site shows the price to be $2294 to $3014 depending on options. The attached camera in this video would be separate.
Mythricia Right you are -- they list quite a number of telescopes that are all called "LS60THa" ... I hadn't noticed that.
"electrons falling", I thought electrons leap from and to energy levels instantaneously, aka quantum leap.
You should learn when being pedantic matters. It doesn't in this case.
the sun is star and earth is planet... why not the other way around: sun is planet of fire and earth is magnetic star???
+dobri karagorgov Because there is no fire on the sun?
+dobri karagorgov Because planets orbit stars, because of the mass & hence the gravity difference between stars & planets.
I really like (videos with) Meghan Gray.
I just needed to say that.
Yeah right so helium
+daily8150 What?
+Immortes Mortallis its a reply to the previous comment
Her American accent is like 1/8 British
+Nuclear Pink She's Canadian. :)
"If astronomers had a favourite wavelength, 656.28 nm would be high on the list!" - Surely, that's if they had a _list_ of favourite wavelengths.
Oh, and raw H-alpha isn't "grayscale", it's _monochrome_, which is different. A grayscale image emits all wavelengths (or a combination of at least three wavelengths, that we interpret as varying intensities of white light). H-alpha is only a very specific red wavelength. It's _displayed as_ grayscale (or as a gradient from red to yellow, etc.) because our eyes aren't very good at seeing detail in dark shades of pure red.
RFC3514
I'm throwing a party on Friday. Interesting people are going to entertain each other with lively conversation. Don't come.
The grey scale is intensity, not wavelength.
If Dragonball Z was made in Greece.
"Hαααααααααααααααα!!!!!!!!"
+Sulthan14 You wrote H instead of Η!
Vulcapyro Oh yeah.
why not just taking normal pictures and using instagram?
Why the radiation from 2-->1 is not important?
miss subtitulo spanish
plis
There's a fundamental mistake in the animation of the H-atom when the electron transitions from 3rd orbital to 2nd. It moves smoothly. It shouldn't. The term "quantum leap" should come to mind. The electron should disappear from the one and instantly reappear at the next because that's what electrons do, and it's a fundamental property of nature. The classic "planetary model" of the atom is somewhat excusable, but the misrepresentation of the process isn't. This channel tries to keep it scientifically accurate, not so?
+mokopa
Dr. Gray said "if you think of the atom as this classical Bohr atom".
But yeah, the smooth transition from shell to shell depicted is of the Rutherford model, not the Bohr Model. ;)
Brady! Make a video on the professors' (non-) religious views. Are they religious? Why/why not?
Never seen astronomers use lids of containers as a filter