SOMALIA | How Did It Become a Failed State?
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- Опубліковано 17 тра 2024
- Somalia has come to exemplify the concept of a failed state in international relations. Throughout the 1990s and into the new millennium, it experienced the full range of problems associated with a catastrophic state collapse: starvation, disease, conflict, foreign intervention, secessionism, warlordism, organised crime, terrorism, piracy and mass refugee outflows. So, how did Somalia become a failed state? And why is concern growing again?
Hello and welcome! My name is James Ker-Lindsay. Here I take an informed look at International Relations with a focus on territorial conflicts, secession, independence movements and new countries. If you like what you see, please do subscribe. If you want more, including exclusive content and benefits, consider becoming a channel member. Many thanks!
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Somalia became independent as the Somali Republic in 1960. However, in 1969, the democratic government fell and a military regime was imposed under General Mohamed Siad Barre. Following the fall of the dictatorial Barre regime in early 1991, the country collapsed into clan factionalism and warlordism. As well as the loss of basic public services, the country soon became a humanitarian disaster with starvation, disease and conflict. International efforts to secure the situation at the start of the 1990s - an effort led by the United Nations and the United States - would eventually ended in disaster when it came up against the country's most powerful warlord, Mohamed Farah Aidid. This in turn saw the country spend another decade and a half immersed in instability. This in turn saw a rise in Islamic extremism and piracy. That said, in recent years there has been some improvement. The danger is that this is not at risk from the behaviour of the country's president, who has tried to extend his term of office.
CHAPTERS
0:00 Introduction and Titles
0:43 Failed States and the Case of Somalia
2:13 Geography and Demography of Somalia
3:24 The History of Somalia
4:40 Post-Independence and the Barre Regime
7:06 The collapse of Somalia in 1991
8:45 Somalia in the 2000s
10:05 A return to stability in Somalia?
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Current Issues and Disputes • CURRENT ISSUES AND DIS...
Secession and Independence in Africa • AFRICA
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FURTHER READING & USEFUL SOURCES
Somalia Constitution www.constituteproject.org/con...
AMISOM amisom-au.org
EU NAVFOR Atalanta eunavfor.eu
A Modern History of Somalia amzn.to/3hrPWiA
Black Hawk Down amzn.to/3w3Ppre
The Country That Does Not Exist: A History of Somaliland amzn.to/3yeevpp
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Next week marks the 30th anniversary of Somaliland's Declaration of Independence, on 18 May 1991. It therefore seemed like a good moment to look at the story behind its separation from Somalia, which took place as the country descended into chaos.
Meanwhile, although Somalia has come to be regarded as the model of a failed state, in recent years it has been more widely referred to as a 'fragile state" or a 'rebuilding state'. But this has recently been cast into doubt by renewed political stability in the country. So, how do you see the situation in Somalia developing?
the only thing i can say for certain is that somaliland will go on unrecognized because the global north does not care for the global south
Barotseland National Council accepted Zambia's termination of Barotseland Agreement in 2012 and paved way for Barotseland to seek process of disengangement from Zambia.
The situation in Somalia will remain unstable because of insurgents
Somalia remains ever more fragile than it has been in the 30 year civil war. Let me elaborate on this. The issue of national security, COVID-19, Political stand-off within key political actors inside Somalia, increasing tensions with neighbouring countries and most importantly constitutional crisis Farmaajo has decided for Somalia could all put Somalia back on its knees once more. It is important to understand the level of support, and commitment not only the Somali's have put into the Somalia of today but also the international support worth billions that has gone Into the result Somalia is seeing today in terms of security and development. All that is at the brink of evaporating since Farmaajo's term has ended with no election. This has put an end to the presidential mandate of not only farmaajo but also of his entire cabinet but Farmaajo desperately attempts to cling onto power which the Somali people deem as unconstitutional and illegal. We have also seen the position other key supporters have taken on this matter which puts Somalia on the brink of another power struggle that leads to another few decades of conflict.
What makes Somalia vulnerable now than it previously was is COVID-19 and the fact that the whole dynamic of the politics in the entire region has changed. Holding onto power with no presidential mandate resulted in the loss of support from within and outside Somalia which could threaten Somalia and everything it has built so far. It could further bring loss of support from allies within the region which could further Isolate Somalia into a cliff edge.
@@Armadeus well they cared for oil rich south Sudan
Once again, amazing video, somehow summarizing the ‘un-summarize-able’ while not leaving out significant details or context.
Thank you so much! There was obviously quite a lot to cover. But I’m really glad it all seemed to make sense.
No it’s not he spewed a lot of nosesne and normal propaganda
another top quality video from James, insightful, detailed & honest
Once again a top-quality video! Amazing work James!!
Thank you so much Brian. Appreciated, as ever! Have a great weekend.
Somalia collapsed. We had various militia groups whose leaders ganged up against the state until they toppled it. These militias had foreign funding like from Ethiopia. They sent their children abroad whilst they waged war to destroy the state.
Once the state collapsed they had no Plan B. No plans, no ideas, no plenum, no charter. Nothing.
Today Somalia is trying to recover but these time it is the west (US + UK) and their client states the UAE, Kenya that are hellbent on ensuring a fragmented weak state so they can plunder it's resources. Somalia is a victim of it's strategic geography & resources.
great video as always!!!
Great video as always. What are your views on micro nations. Will you ever make a video on them
Thank you for another insightful video. Keep up the good work.
Thank you so much. I'm glad you found it interesting. It realIy does highlight everything that can run hand-in-hand with catastrophic state collapse.
Somalia collapsed. We had various militia groups whose leaders ganged up against the state until they toppled it. These militias had foreign funding like from Ethiopia. They sent their children abroad whilst they waged war to destroy the state.
Once the state collapsed they had no Plan B. No plans, no ideas, no plenum, no charter. Nothing.
Today Somalia is trying to recover but these time it is the west (US + UK) and their client states the UAE, Kenya that are hellbent on ensuring a fragmented weak state so they can plunder it's resources. Somalia is a victim of it's strategic geography & resources.
@@ramatgan1 you are simply trying to justify the murderous regime that bombarded whole cities and reduced them to rubble; that poisoned the wells used by both people and livestock; that mercilessly used its airforce to decimate fleeing children and their mothers. What idiotic plan B are you talking about. The only priority, the only plan was to stop the bleeding nation to die out. And that was courageously and bravely done by the gallant forces of the people who, against all odds, defeated the second strongest army in Africa at the time. And it will take time to recover from the living hell the country went through and the atrocities committed by the predatory regime. Somaliland has already made dramatic recovery. And Mogadishu is on it's way to fully recover, despite the serious set backs it experienced during Farmajo's dark days, which are about to run out soon.
Watching a James Ker Lindsay video is the perfect way to start the weekend, thank you for this interesting video!
Thank you so much Roger. Have a lovely weekend!
@@JamesKerLindsay Thank you!
Amazing analysis. Thank you.
Thank you so much!
What a great video. Love the style of presentation: not one wasted word - very succinct and thorough. Thank you!
Amazing work. I am working on a political stability analysis paper and this video has helped me in understanding better what is happening in Somalia.
Thanks so much. I’m really glad to hear that it was so useful. It is such an interesting and tragic situation.
This isn’t a good video it’s propaganda and he spewed normal propaganda. He also missed out a lot of details
@@JamesKerLindsayUr video is bad u missed out a lot of information. Also u just spewed normal propaganda, but u get all ur information from Wikipedia, and the “experts” which are nothing but propagandist
Thank you so much for this, Very helpful.
Thanks a lot for this James. Information shall set us free
This video is filled with nonsense and misinformation, and he’s spewing normal propaganda. Also he missied a lot of details
Truth is hard, propaganda is cheap.
Somalia leaders lead their country powerless and lifeless but Somaliland is a different country with the only democracy in the horn.
Thank you James for this well informed video.
I would however like to add this, there is so much foreign interests and influence in to the current political crisis in Somalia.
Neighbours like Ethiopia and Kenya mostly acting on behalf of the west, turkey, Qatar.
Having said that the current president Farmajo has acted unconstitutionally by extending his term which almost sparked another civil war.
UAE, KSA, UK and USA are the problems... Farmaajo stabilised the nation his extension was lawful and other elections across the world were suspended due to the coronavirus. Hes also had two successive pm who have flirted with treason.
Yaahuuu...................Farmaajo is not your current president let's see and compare who cashed and who cared the county most
Accusing your fellow country mates to a another foreigner, gaalo and lip service corrupted from the products of the british Imperalism is an insult to your moral grounds
I was hoping you would have add this to your analyzing.
1. The land that was in the hands of somalis before the colonial powers came was divided up into five regions not three. Djibouti Eastern Ethiopia Somaliland Somalia and Northern frontier district of Kenya and handing over a land that belong to somalis you automatically created an enemy for Somali people which turn out to be Ethiopia and Kenya.
2. The Democratic government of Somalia was overthrowing by the dictator in 1969 the Cold war superpowers USSR and the United States have created the monster dictator by arming him to the teeth.
3. The 1977 war against Ethiopia to get our land back ,Ethiopia was defeated in that war until Cuba South Yemen Libya Russia enter the war and drove out the Somali troops from Western Somalia which they considered to be Eastern Ethiopia which is still occupied by Ethiopia today.
4. After the collapse of the Somali government in 1991 the five member security council placed a weapons embargo on Somalia in 1992 and is still in place to this day to make sure Somalia never acquires heavy weapons to bring security and stability in Somalia.
5. Ethiopia which is an enemy of Somalia was responsible for Western governments to make sure instability never comes into Somalia by constantly arming different groups in Somalia. In 2006 when some resemblance of peace came into Somalia by the Islamic courts and Ethiopia saw peace was coming into Somalia the United States give them the green light to invade Somalia which is against the international law.
6. In 2006 the United States requested different warlords in Somalia to start arresting Islamic scholars in Somalia which led to the Islamic courts to defending themselves from the warlords and finally defeated them therefore the United States was directly responsible for the creation and uprising of the Islamic courts which now leads to modern-day al-shabaab.
7. The international illegal fishing of Somali Waters led to a small groups of somalis to start arming themselves when those international ships start to destroy their fishing nets. The problem came when the owners of those ships start to pay Ransom to free their ships leading to the creation of the pirates who were simply an ordinary fishermen who were being harassed by international ships illegally in Somali Waters.
8. The African Union troops in Somalia are there to protect the international community not the Somali people from al-shabaab. Everybody knows somalis will never allow military's from Western Nations to go around in Somalia trying to bring about peace. But they have became clever by using pathetic Africans from the continent.
9. Prove me wrong lift the weapons embargo and Somalia will lead East Africa.
Thank you. Great points. I did actually touch on a number of them. But it is always important to remember that these are just short 10-15 minute videos, usually written for people who don’t know much about the country. It is important to keep in mind what really needs to be included. But I always welcome points like this in the comments. It really helps viewers to get another perspective. Thank you!
absolutely correct, great points, i noticed your flag in your dp and i wanted to ask do you support a unified Somalia or the recognition of Somaliland and consequent separation of the federal states
@@TheMrage LMAO there are many other clans who live in Somaliland and only one clan wants to become a country the other clan is pro Somalia. if Somaliland becomes a country it would mean a civil war but in the north. Somaliland is not gonna become a country.
(for your question no not everyone in somailand wants to become a country)
@@user-cv8jz7ff6y ( I just wanted to kno if he supported seperation of the Somali ppl) I wasn't refering to the central Somaliland isaq lands, I meant if they get recognised internationally , and the current situation the federal gov is in with puntland and jubaland being a pain prompt up by the Kenyans and Arabs, along with Al Shabaab they wouldn't be able to do anything about Somaliland, Somaliland's official recognition will lead to the federal states most likely seeking their own greater autonomy or all together seperation causing the Somalis in the horn of Africa to be split up and set up against each other by the Arabs, Ethiopians, Kenyans as well as Europeans
@@TheMrage If he is isaaq then probably since most of Isaaq support independence They haven't got internationally recognized. Well of course Somaliland and the Arab countries like UAE pays Al-Shabaab to make sure Somalia isn't stable. Isaaq hates Somalia so much that they banned the Somalia flag they jailed all the people who support Somalia in Somaliland. No one is dumb to recognize Somaliland no one will do and you think Somaliland will just become a country or break away easily haha All the Somali people from south and north will fight Somaliland which will create a civil war Somaliland is one clan trying to be a nation it wouldn't work. it just would'nt. if Somalia really wants to do something to Somaliland We can easily put sanctions on Somaliland which will not be good for them we can do many things to them since we control them but we don't wanna do it.
I felt sadness and sorrow when u said that Somalia is related with bad things such as Piracy,terrorism,crimes,secessionist .
Although somalia is not only collapsed because of internal conflict but once a day sooner or later Somalia wll be back and rise from the Ash .
Thank you. I really hope that people don't see this as a reflection on the people of Somalia. It is more a story of how a country suffered under a brutal dictator and, once he fell, the lawlessness that emerged meant that the country became ever more desperate. And desperate times call for desperate measures, as they say. If you are young and unemployed, with no other job prospects, you will be drawn to join a militia or perhaps an extremist group. Also, I tried to make it clear that the piracy emerged from efforts by local Somalis to protect their fishing areas form outside exploitation.
We the somali people are good hearted people but the people at the top are corrupt
Somalia collapsed. We had various militia groups whose leaders ganged up against the state until they toppled it. These militias had foreign funding like from Ethiopia. They sent their children abroad whilst they waged war to destroy the state.
Once the state collapsed they had no Plan B. No plans, no ideas, no plenum, no charter. Nothing. The state totally collapsed from within.
Today Somalia is trying to recover but these time it is the west (US + UK) and their client states the UAE, Kenya that are hellbent on ensuring a fragmented weak state so they can plunder it's resources. Somalia is a victim of it's strategic geography & resources.
@@JamesKerLindsay
Somalia was led to independence by the students of Bonito Mussolini. Look back. Please do look into that historical era. You will know why Somaliland is different. There is an element of fascism in Somalia politics of the winner f@cks them all mentality. Sorry to say it.
This is what happens when you learn your history from the white man. Brother So baro Tarikhdada.
your videos are highly knowledgeable
Thank you very much indeed! I really appreciate it.
Thank you, professor! This is very informative. I wonder (hypothetically) what if a state is not a part of any treaty, does international law apply to it? How to resolve conflict or dispute in that case?
Thank you so much! And thank you so much for joining the channel. That is extremely kind of you and much appreciated. A very warm welcome!
Great question. It is obviously a very complex area of law. The usual presumption is that an independent state will want to join the UN and thus become part of the international system. Even North Korea is a member. Of course, there are de facto states that exist. While they are not parties to treaties, there is a certain expectation that they will abide by certain norms and values and that they are protected to a degree. In many ways, it is the inhabitants of these territories that are offered protection rather than the territories themselves. Most de facto states are in fact considered to be the sovereign territory of another state. For example, only Turkey recognises Northern Cyprus and only Russia and a couple of other countries recognise Abkhazia. No one recognises Somaliland or Transnistria.
As for dispute resolution, the options are very limited. And this can also apply to recognised states that are UN members. As I discussed in the recent video on Somalia and Kenya, the compulsory jurisdiction of the ICJ applies only to countries that have recognised the jurisdiction of the court. (Although, as I also noted, once that is accepted, a state cannot suddenly pull out of it in the middle of a case.)
Again, it is a really interesting and complex issue. I really should try to look into this in a video!
@@JamesKerLindsay Thank you very much, professor! This helps.
Great Video Sir 😊
Thank you very much!
Another great video!
In my opinion, Gen. Siad Barre was crazy at times but knew the only way to prevent his overthrow was to win a battlefield victory to secure Somali ethnic lands. These types of bold knee jerk moves had kept Somalia in line for 30 years. I think there are some countries that simply can only be held together by a dictatorship, Socialist or otherwise but obviously preferably not, due to their long-term or short-term instability. As far as long-term, Russia is probably one of these countries, Libya has demonstrated itself as such, Burma has as well, but certainly Somalia is on a whole different level when it comes to this phenomenon.
However now, even with the country stitched somewhat back together, due to the history of Siad Barre any move towards further empowerment of the central government or its leaders, such as that which you discuss in this video, threatens to plunge the country back into civil war.
The precedent has been set that through clan warfare you can just militarily break with and replace the central government if you don’t like it. None of these clam leaders has any interest in losing their authority to a dictator from another clan, so any central government will be weak and thus prone to yet more civil warfare. No other country, and yes I’m including the rest of the most conflict-laden countries in the world, seems to be in such a quagmire.
Thanks. It is an incredibly interesting situation, isn't it? It rather challenges the idea that ethnic homogeneity is the answer to 'ethnic conflicts'. (In fact, that could have been a whole different angle to the video!) Somaliland, which is essentially homogeneous, but not entirely, is far more stable. I also thought the irredentist policy element was fascinating. I would certainly like to look into Somalia a bit more in future videos. It is so interesting on so many levels. In the meantime, it really does seem that the country is teetering on the edge of collapse again.
Very useful with informative inside knowledge of the situation. We somalis we have to defend any unhealthy foreign intervention whatever future may hold. Rahimullah Gen mohamed farah Aided legacy and those before him never failed but alive. Thanks very much for your analysis.
Hello! Very interesting video, I'm writing an essay about Somalia, and I wanted to ask you where did you get the map of colonization of Somalia (British, French and Italian Somaliland)?
Yes if Italy never committed war crime in ww2. Somalia wouldn’t been destroyed
@@issakxavi7364it not Italy, now it’s America/west and the UAE. This video is filled with propaganda and he missed out so much misinformation
U are u writing a essay on Somalia, this video is filled with propaganda and misinformation, and he misses out a lot of details
Thank you very much.
Thank you so much for this breakdown!
Fingers crossed Farmajo will see reason and hold elections soon. Would likely help the Ethiopian-Eritrean navy prospects too if stability could be maintained, but of course that will likely depend on Tigray too.
Ethiopia is a landlocked country it will never attain a navy no matter how much it begs France, Eritrea and Somalia will never allow their historic landlocked enemy to build a navy on their coast and both Eritrea and Somalia will influence Djibouti on this matter
@@hassanabdikarimmohamed2505bro this whole video is propaganda he missed a lot of details and spewd normal propaganda
The video is filled with so much propaganda, and his missing so much information
@@Bell_plejdo568p I agree.. But then again what do you expect from an atheist westerner obviously they'll spew propaganda against Somalia but we will still chart and make our own histoiry inshallah
So, if they are one people, and one nation, why don't they want to live in one country?!
Greed and tribalism just look at the GCC's. All the better to divide and conquer.
That's the interesting point. And one that I often wonder if Albanians really consider? The idea of ethnic unity within a single state looks good on paper, but in reality people aren't as united within a single state as they are when those territories are divided. And one territory or group tends to dominate. Following the unification of British and Italian Somaliland, the Isaaq in the north (the former British Somaliland) soon found themselves dominated and marginalised, even though they were meant to be equal partners in the new state. This is what eventually led to them to declare independence again in 1991.
@@JamesKerLindsay Very interesting the consequences of unification and not. As an Albanian I see the unification of Kosovo with Albania necessary for economic and security reasons. Albanians are similar to the Israelis in the geopolitical sense. That we are surrounded by antagonistic neighbors. At the moment, we do live in peace in the Balkans, also due to the support of allies and partners, but the unification would be a project for the long run. I am not sure of the consequences of such a unification but it is a longing the overwhelming majority of Albanians have. So if that is to happen as per the wishes of the people, then both parts must find a form of governance that doesn't allow implications of dominance of one over the other.
Similarly, I would think of the Somalis. But I am not informed much of their situation.
Another excellent video James! Well done. I find African topics kind of boring. But you gave just enough information to make it interesting and to not overwhelm me with too much information. Keep up the good work!
Thank you so much! Point well taken. I know that different topics won’t appeal to everyone. But I try to keep a balance. Also, I do try to make each one relevant to a wider point of international relations so hopefully it can be a useful and interesting case study of a concept. In this case, I was obviously looking at the idea of failed states. But I’m really glad you found it interesting. I found this one particularly interesting personally because I well remember the collapse of Somalia at the start of the 1990s. I was a student at the time and it was one of the really big international news stories. There was a lot of talk of a New World Order after the end of the Cold War. Somalia was one of the things that killed the idea off.
Somalia collapsed. We had various militia groups whose leaders ganged up against the state until they toppled it. These militias had foreign funding like from Ethiopia. They sent their children abroad whilst they waged war to destroy the state.
Once the state collapsed they had no Plan B. No plans, no ideas, no plenum, no charter. Nothing. The state totally collapsed from within.
Today Somalia is trying to recover but these time it is the west (US + UK) and their client states the UAE, Kenya that are hellbent on ensuring a fragmented weak state so they can plunder it's resources. Somalia is a victim of it's strategic geography & resources.
@@ramatgan1 fax
I am from Somalia and this is really true
Thank you very much. I tried to present it in a way that was as impartial and accurate as I could. It is such a tragic situation. I well remember the news stories from Somalia in the early 1990s and the UN efforts to try to stabilise the situation.
@@JamesKerLindsay the situation in Somalia today is fascinating yet more to offer i would like you to take your time and report about war on terrorists in Somalia and the uprising of the Somali people saying no to terrorist groups like Al-shabab and ISIS thanks in advance
Ugh, I didn't even see this was uploaded. As Always thank you for the video James. While I was aware of Somalia's situation it's great to hear you describe it. It's certainly a nation that could re-stabilize but its at risk of sliding back to where it was very easily
Thanks! It was an interesting case to look at. Although many are aware it is a failed state, a lot won’t remember, or won’t even have been born when the situation erupted in the early 1990s. I was an undergraduate at the time and remember how many thought it was going to lead to a new era of US hegemony. Somalia pretty much demolished that idea!
@@JamesKerLindsay do you think farmaajo will leave peacefully or have any form of agreed upon election.
As a somali from mugdisho I don't believe his ever going to have a fair election or transfer power peacefully if he loses, I believe the only way his leaving is through conflict sadly.
short time but deep history professor Ker-Lindsay full of fact's and very very compact details
Thank you so much! There was obviously a lot to try to fit in, but I hope I managed to cover it in a way that was relatively easy to follow for people who might not know much about the country. It is a tragic situation, but also so important. I was at university studying politics and international relations in the early 1990s and the situation in Somalia was a huge international issue at the time. This really took me back that period.
@@JamesKerLindsay absolutely you try very much to make it short and compact history and it's true that one cannot say every detail in such few minutes what I like is how you present it and it's may wish that you will find time to make Somaliland/somalia before colonial time to date much thanks to you in advance professor Ker-Lindsay
Somalia collapsed. We had various militia groups whose leaders ganged up against the state until they toppled it. These militias had foreign funding like from Ethiopia. They sent their children abroad whilst they waged war to destroy the state.
Once the state collapsed they had no Plan B. No plans, no ideas, no plenum, no charter. Nothing.
Today Somalia is trying to recover but these time it is the west (US + UK) and their client states the UAE, Kenya that are hellbent on ensuring a fragmented weak state so they can plunder it's resources. Somalia is a victim of it's strategic geography & resources.
@@ramatgan1 proved it kid
@@ramatgan1 Human beings never own up to their failures, they simply pass the buck !
Another excellent video! What do you think could precipitate international recognition of Somaliland happening?
Somalia collapsed. We had various militia groups whose leaders ganged up against the state until they toppled it. These militias had foreign funding like from Ethiopia. They sent their children abroad whilst they waged war to destroy the state.
Once the state collapsed they had no Plan B. No plans, no ideas, no plenum, no charter. Nothing.
Today Somalia is trying to recover but these time it is the west (US + UK) and their client states the UAE, Kenya that are hellbent on ensuring a fragmented weak state so they can plunder it's resources. Somalia is a victim of it's strategic geography & resources.
@@ramatgan1 The former Somali Republic was destroyed by Sayad Barre when transferred all state assets to his clan then systematically stated targeting the Issaq tribe.
@@ramatgan1 😂You're blaming us for destroying yourselves? Typical.
@@mwanikimwaniki6801 we shall rise and come after NFD!
@@adar5901 Go herd your camels Abdi and stop drinking fermented milk
I appreciate how you trace d history of most conflicts in Africa to the devastating effects of colonialism. The number one failed state is Somalia, next is present day Nigeria under Bihari. Hopefully crumbled Nigeria may lead to BIAFRA. I enjoy all your videos.
Thank you so much. I really appreciate the kind words and support. I am indeed fascinated with Africa and the effects of colonialism. The more and more cases I explore, the more it become apparent just what a devastating effect it had and the legacy of conflict it has left. The problem is that it is so hard to see how these issues can now be fixed.
ofcourse all the ills of this africa are made by white colonial regimes they should be held responsible
Colonialism era situation do affect the current state of somalia, but the most direct reason of the fall of the Somalia is the failed Greater Somalia plan, ironically an attempt to undo the damage of colonialism. If you just accept the damage of the colonialism is not reversible and just adapting to the situation, fewer problem will arise, like the New Order Indonesia up to the present. (Old Order Indonesia attempted Konfrontasi on Malaysia, but it just results in the fall of Soekarno)
@@xwtek3505 no one blames the west Balkans poverty on colonialism and bad borders we blame nationalism and irredentism and people trying to form greater Serbia or greater Croatia etc
I am old enough to remember when Africa was nearly completely all colonies of European powers. I remember much of what happened since by listening to your wonderful explanation. This is such an interesting contrast to how so many other countries develop after colonialism, though as Somalia is mostly all the same people rather than so many European devised "countries" with unbelievable mixtures of peoples.
Somaliland is one of my favored countries to become recognized and join the international community as they are doing so well with what they have in resources. Together with the Sahrawis of Western Sahara, the Somaliland people deserve to be recognized.
Do you feel Somalia will ever get rid of the narrow minded, bigoted thinking which is holding them all captive to a failed state? Could this end, and if so, how? Isn't this something like China was in the 19th century under local war lords, keeping within ones "clan" and speaking the local Chinese dialect. All almost like individual states fighting others and controlling the masses by loyalties and force? This ended in the clash between authoritarian democracy and communism. People's Republic of China vs. Taiwan, Republic of China. Another fascinating country. Thanks Dr. Kerr-Lindsay
Actually Western Sahara could be on the verge of collapse. It seems likely Morocco will eventually invade the remainder of the Sahwari republic now that America has blessed it. In any case the Sahrawi republic has always been a regimented one-party state built upon a militant Marxist vanguard and propped up by the Socialist bloc regimes of Algeria and formerly Libya. Somaliland certainly has its share of black marks, but the country was formed against the failure of Marxism in Somalia as we hear in this video, and as far as I know Somaliland relates to mainly Classicalist countries such as Great Britain and the Republic of China/Taiwan. This helps their chances of at least remaining viable tremendously, as one of the main reasons Franco’s people did not give the Saharawis the Spanish Sahara was because they were Communist with weapons from Libya through Algeria.
Thanks you are open minded person.
@@TheLocalLt I think western sahara won't collapse because people forget something, people from a particular region can develop a national mindset even if they are late, take the example of Palestine and Israel, Palestine developed their national movement after 1967 whereas Israel in 1948, in 1948 palestinians thought of themselves as Egyptian and Jordanian before 1967, the polizario was not made by Algeria
@@TheLocalLt When a greatly superior nation invades your country, throws out the population twice to live in poverty in the desert, and takes over the land and resources, the people of this unfortunate country have to ally with neighbors who can help. They do what they have to do. The Moroccans do not belong there and It is my hope the Sahrawis hold on forever until they are restored to their rightful patrimony. I am very disappointed in the policies of the USA towards these unfortunate people and hope the USA changes its position as it has always supported the oppressed peoples of the world. This is why I do not belong to either major USA political party. Both are wrong in this case.
Somalia collapsed. We had various militia groups whose leaders ganged up against the state until they toppled it. These militias had foreign funding like from Ethiopia. They sent their children abroad whilst they waged war to destroy the state.
Once the state collapsed they had no Plan B. No plans, no ideas, no plenum, no charter. Nothing. The state totally collapsed from within.
Today Somalia is trying to recover but these time it is the west (US + UK) and their client states the UAE, Kenya that are hellbent on ensuring a fragmented weak state so they can plunder it's resources. Somalia is a victim of it's strategic geography & resources.
Thank you for stating the facts James. Much appreciated.
Thank you!
Somalia collapsed. We had various militia groups whose leaders ganged up against the state until they toppled it. These militias had foreign funding like from Ethiopia. They sent their children abroad whilst they waged war to destroy the state.
Once the state collapsed they had no Plan B. No plans, no ideas, no plenum, no charter. Nothing. The state totally collapsed from within.
Today Somalia is trying to recover but these time it is the west (US + UK) and their client states the UAE, Kenya that are hellbent on ensuring a fragmented weak state so they can plunder it's resources. Somalia is a victim of it's strategic geography & resources.
Thank for giving him unwanted attention SMH
@@ramatgan1 The former Somali Republic was destroyed by Siyyad Barre and his clannist mentality.
First of all r u Somali or r u not, if not y do u care so much as to then taking time out of ur own personal life to write this comment.
Because the bonds, chains, ropes, cuffs, bands, rubber bands, tapes, glues, staples, pins, and cages were broken
Was there military action from Kenya?
Amisom
Hi James, thank you for this revelation once more. My concern is actually with AMISOM, and UN. The investment in Somalia and other Nations are so huge but the bodies would not place sanctions on various regimes. I think for peace to prevail and the state of Somalia to stand UN and other international organizations should descend on the leadership and force him to do the right thing. The country should be taken for a model state!
Somalia collapsed. We had various militia groups whose leaders ganged up against the state until they toppled it. These militias had foreign funding like from Ethiopia. They sent their children abroad whilst they waged war to destroy the state.
Once the state collapsed they had no Plan B. No plans, no ideas, no plenum, no charter. Nothing. The state totally collapsed from within.
Today Somalia is trying to recover but these time it is the west (US + UK) and their client states the UAE, Kenya that are hellbent on ensuring a fragmented weak state so they can plunder it's resources. Somalia is a victim of it's strategic geography & resources.
Nah, leave our country and let us solve our own problems.
I get that clan conflict is a huge issue in African states like Somalia and Nigeria but I can’t understand how after years of oppression and fighting colonialism that that difference could still be so significant.
In Nigeria the about 350 tribes but the problem is religion Muslim to the north and Christian to south some tribes get along but not with Muslim tribes
People who are similar in every way will find something to fight about. I just hope the younger generation in Somalia will understand that clans have not benefited them.
Watching this made me realize that Ethiopia is a relatively stable nation genarally surrounded by volatile states.
That doesn’t seem to be the case anymore but hopefully things turn around for them soon
@@evem2909 ikr
Jinxed them didn't you.
@@guppy719 Nah it's the TPLF
Hello mr James i appreciate your efforts about your political analysis , what i am suggesting you here is the forgotten Ogaden region, the black history, the region that the British colonial gave to abyssinian empire, the people that had never freedom the last 100 years , place if fighting, less freedom, and the people that never abandoned their dream which is to get freedom.
WSLF ,ONLF are those who was fighting the freedom of ogaden region.
So please try to start your research.
Thank you
Thank you. I certainly plan to do a video on the Ogaden region. I have done a few videos on Ethiopia, mainly looking at Tigray and Eritrea, but I do want to look at this.
Another interesting video James!
Most African states will remain unstable because leaders have failed to honour agreements they signed with other territories/nations at the time when they were formed. For example of such nation states is; Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) signed an agreement with Barotseland but failed to honour it.
Thanks. I really want to take a look at the situation in Barotseland. It is on my list.
@@JamesKerLindsay I thank you on behalf of Barotseland and my own.
Thank you for sharing this details
Thank you for saying the name of my country, Kenya, properly
Great video this lesson on how not to run a country and why politics is important
Thanks Gabriel. This one brought back a lot of memories. I was just starting at university when the country collapsed. It was one of the huge news stories when I was studying. There was so much optimism that the end of the Cold War marked a new era in international relations. Somalia helped bury that idea! It’s also really interesting to consider some of the parallels with the current situation in Yemen, just across the Gulf of Aden.
very true
@ThinkBefore YouType every african country has rich resources my man, richer than somalia at that, but only somalia became a failed state
@ThinkBefore YouType Assume am western I am not, clues in the name: Baldé. Also africans need to take responsibility for state of their nations; many nations in Asia were colonised yet they are developing e.g. Vietnam and Cambodia.
Outside forces have not helped the state of the continent. But the main reasons is africa's political class and Africans themselves ; not take responsibility hence being able to solve the continents problems.
He/she does not take responsibility will not fix the problems that lie front of them.
Somalia collapsed. We had various militia groups whose leaders ganged up against the state until they toppled it. These militias had foreign funding like from Ethiopia. They sent their children abroad whilst they waged war to destroy the state.
Once the state collapsed they had no Plan B. No plans, no ideas, no plenum, no charter. Nothing.
Today Somalia is trying to recover but these time it is the west (US + UK) and their client states the UAE, Kenya that are hellbent on ensuring a fragmented weak state so they can plunder it's resources. Somalia is a victim of it's strategic geography & resources.
A historical mistake that i would like to point out is that Gadabursi has 12 major other clans under it, so for the sake of knowledge its better that i highlight in the below so that in 03:17 the chart can look more informative and comprehensive
Below are the main Gadabursi clans
Starting with the the 4 cousins (Sons of Younis)
1- ReerNuur (Nur Younis)
2- Adan Younis
3- Ali Younis
4- Jibril Younis
5- Mahad "Ase
6- Habar 'Affan
7- Jibra'aen
8- Reer Ugaas
9- Musafin
10- Bahabar Abdalle
Etcetera
I was born in Somalia moved to London as a kid. I’m British but to see my born country like this heart breaking 💔
Just discovered your channel I’m a new sub ❤️
You skipped a lot of stories, which would give yours different meanings. Somali people are intelligent to know what happened and what's going on, but they don't talk about it for they know that it only creates more division and hate. Freedom for the people and the land of Falastiin.✊
I've been wanting to visit SOMALIland in the last 8 years. I belive it has all the functions than its basketcase brother in the south! But according to a Somali lady I met, she said Somaliand wasn't as safe as Somalia!
Don't disrespect people by calling them crazy and adding stupid emojis, you troll!
Well, first and foremost if you still like to visit Somaliland you are welcome. Secondly, Somaliland More safe and stable where Gold and foreign currency exchange is on the streets with no Army protecting. No terrorist, piracy or civil war in Somaliland. And I would recommend doing more research before you decide. Thanks
Somaliland is a safe country , welcome.
Thanks Martin. I think the general view is that Somaliland is very safe for foreigners to visit. It is actually developing its tourist sector. There's actually a really nice video highlighting the country: ua-cam.com/video/2GhnCA_UYbg/v-deo.html
Hi. I love your channel so much. You make such educational content. I just have one question: why do Azerbaijan and Turkey consider themselves so close brothers despite the fact that one is Sunni and the other is Shia?
Ethnicity and language perhaps
They are relatively secular compared to other Muslim countries.
We speak the same language and are ethnically related.
@@belstar1128 shaam 🇸🇾🇱🇧🇵🇸🇯🇴 and Iraq poeple are generally more secular then Saudi egypt or Yemen ppl
Not all of Azerbaijan is Shia
Amazing video. The only way Somalia can truly move forward, is if the youth and coming generation let go off toxic clan ideology and rather focus on developing the country into a modern state. Clan ideology belongs in the stone ages and has no value in the 21th century. Women and ethnic minotrities need be included in governance. To provide and secure an equal state. This seems quite hopefull, yet a country can truly develop with the right values in securing basic human right. 30 years have been waisted. Now its up to the somali people to where they want to be in the next coming decades.
Thank you so much. It is such a tragic situation. And you’re absolutely right. Although we think of Somalia as an ethnically homogenous country, clans in effect serve as a sources of deep division.
So sad 😢
Job well done James. Even though, I would like to correct you in the fact that Somaliland case isn't Secession but a dissolution. However, since Somalia didn't consent, you could call it so. Thanks for being fair about Somalia. You are amazing. We would like to invite you in Somaliland.
Somali here..
A model for a failed state, that was a burn and it really did hurt.
Why don't you make a video about the recent violence and conflict in Jerusalem?
Because it only started a couple of days ago and a video on Israel-Palestine needs to be handled extremely carefully! But I will look at doing something on it.
Somaliland is successful.. The United Nations needs to recognize its indipendence
If Somalia leader is like Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew, they will be as rich as Singapore instead of this failed state.
“It’s no accident that Singapore become rich, given where it started at $400 gdp per capita to more than $59,000 gdp per capita. There, power was concentrated in one enormously talented person, Lee Kuan Yew, who was the Warren Buffett of Singapore.”
- Charlie Munger
But instead, Somalia had a Soviet puppet for a leader named Mohamed Siad Barre.
Do you have any book recommendations about him? I find him very interesting
# I have a question, concerned to republic of Somalia # .... Share this with Somalian
------------------------//----------------------------
when is gonna republic of somalia reclaim their ancestral which was conquered and annexed by Ethiopia during Derg Era/ Dictator Mengustu Hailemariam, against the law of international law in 1977 and 1978. I believe it is time to balance the scale in favour of Republic of Somalia.
I am just following international laws.
Justice and Victory to the people of Republic of Somalia!! ✌✌✌✌
Probaly it was better during rule of President Abdirashid Ali Sharmake before his assassination. Somalia atleast had some peace.
Yes, I had that same thought as I was making the video. Interestingly, the assassination didn't seem to be politically motivated. Apparently, it was a bodyguard with a personal grudge of some sort.
Nice video.
Do a video about occupation of the west bank by israel
Thanks. Keep an eye out for this Friday’s video. I’m going to take a look at the origins of the conflict.
Failed state of somalia 🇸🇴😢
Gone
This is biased calling Somalia a failed state. I've been to Somalia in 2018 (I'm a Somali) and saw the progress that have been made in the last decade. Infrastructure is stabilizing, The military is growing fast and the economy is improving. My homeland's reconstruction has gained momentum.
Thanks. But this is a channel dedicated to international relations. Somalia is seen as the textbook example of a failed state. That said, today it is often called a fragile state. And it is clear that there has been significant improvement. Again, the use of the term failed state was widely applied by the international community.
@@JamesKerLindsay absolute failure just like Hawaii
Yeah clearly this guy don't like the political style we had when siyad barre was in charge. This is what they do if you don't agree with their political ideology. Ignore them bro. Inshaallah we'll rise again.
I agree it's a failed state considering the fact that this is a more than 99% homogenous country with a common language and religion who for over thirty years are unable to bring peace and prosperity to it's people. After clan fights now it's a religious war pitting those who say they follow their holy book than others. As we all know a religious ideology is the most difficult to change.
@@dilqaayeff4376 your kind is what kept somalia a failed state
What about an alleged secret US war there? Is the US only supporting one persion or faction?
Also, recent videos talk about a president and a PM, who are these and how is that functioning?
Did you just say failed states without a central gov't can't provide health care, education and policing? Have you met Nigeria?😂, it isn't a failed state yet but it still can't provide the aforementioned
Well, there is that! Many countries don’t provide much education or healthcare, but there is usually some basic provision. Failed states are wholly incapable of providing anything!
Prof James thanks for your video. one correction Somalia/Somaliland are muslim sunni 99 percent
Exceptionally remarkable video about Somalia and how it became a failed state. In fact, external actors particularly neighboring countries' deep involvement have led to failed state.
it's the citizens fault for current predicaments in Z00malia, not the faults of others.
We will back if Allah allowed
Somalia collapsed. We had various militia groups whose leaders ganged up against the state until they toppled it. These militias had foreign funding like from Ethiopia. They sent their children abroad whilst they waged war to destroy the state.
Once the state collapsed they had no Plan B. No plans, no ideas, no plenum, no charter. Nothing.
Today Somalia is trying to recover but these time it is the west (US + UK) and their client states the UAE, Kenya that are hellbent on ensuring a fragmented weak state so they can plunder it's resources. Somalia is a victim of it's strategic geography & resources.
It collapsed because of your internal war within yourselves (clan wars) so don't blame others but somalis themselves. Apart from amisom tell us aren't there europeans/america military base in somalia even after it gained her independence?. Yess they are. so if it wasn't for that war within yourselves then it couldn't have been called a failed state.
That country has no hope. The people got use to that kind of life and they don't know what they are missing.
Somalia isn't a failed state, it's just not unified.
If Somalia was unified, it would easily become one of the most powerful countries in Africa. The proof is that when they were unified in the 70s and 60s, they defeated Kenya in the shifta war and devastated Ethiopia (but lost) in the Ogaden war. They lost due to the soviet's support of Ethiopia.
Somalia is the definition of Failed state. Throughout the world it's the only famous failed state.
While Somalia fell out of favor with the USSR.
How could they have defeated Kenya then they failed to get NFD back? Usual Somalia lies.
Somalia is part of the ancient civilizations to being called Switzerland of Africa not long ago to a fail state today.
I from Somalia l like my country l know well what happened I my country but l believe we can back soon only proplem is somlia is confilict between us but after view days u will see somlia is to be big stronger country Africa l know somlia peaple more intelligent u know one person somlian equal 10 person another african peaple
Do these states, i.e., Somalia, Lebanon, Syria, Haiti, etc., deserve to remain states if they could not get a hold of themselves? Singapore is a tiny city-state but is a symbol of par excellence and like Israel has a sophisticated defense force and equally robust economy.
They have different issues. It’s useless to compare them. This is a very shallow comment
Somalia is independent country
It is an independent country. But as I say in the video, it is also an example of what happens when an independent country loses a functioning government.
Somalia African
Djibouti was under the colony of french, that means they can dicide neither join North and South Somalia unification, one other thing NFD Somalia was cut from the great Somalia and gave to kenya, so West Somalia or the colony use to call Ugaden was cut from Somalia and gave to ethiopia and also Socotra Island which british rent from the Somalia too was cut and gave to South Yemen 1967, you tell me and last Somalia is not fail state bay it self but was mean to be that plan
Hi James, excellent video. I just want to reflect the issue of the religion. More than 99% of Somali population are Muslim - you can further study.
Thank you Mohamed. I realise that it is an extremely high percentage who are Muslim. But most demographic information also notes that the country does have some minorities and that it isn’t 100% Muslim. Given that many of the neighbouring countries have large or majority Christian populations, it seemed plausible to accept that there may be a percentage who are not Muslim. But I think the main point that is beyond doubt is that Somalia is overwhelmingly Muslim, whether that is 90% or 99%.
@@JamesKerLindsay Thank-you for this great video and adding that Somalia is 90% Muslims rather than 100% Muslim! This number sounds more accurate as many Somalis have left Islam!
@@ashalula9602
You wish !! why anyone would left Islam and worship a god that died by his own creation 🙄 ?
In Fact When Mohammed Siyad bare was i power was the most beautiful moment somalia 🇸🇴 has and the western calling Dictator but he was the best president in Somalia 🇸🇴 history
You said somali %90 muslim, what they believe others?
@Justin Y. Who made statistics for %10 somali Christian
Good point. Interestingly, if you look around, most of the neighbouring countries aren't in fact so predominantly Muslim as Somalia. Islam is obviously very prevalent in the region as a whole, but none of the neighbours are quite so overwhelmingly Muslim: Kenya, South Sudan, Eritrea, and, of course, Ethiopia all have very strong Christian and other religious communities, such as animists. In this sense, and given the Italian - and by extension Catholic - heritage, it wouldn't be strange to find some Christians and others in Somalia.
@@JamesKerLindsay when you are journalist tell us true not only your idea
Thanks. I’m not actually a journalist. I am an academic. I’m a professor of international politics.
@@JamesKerLindsay do you no 55% in itoopia is a Muslim??? You can look in to it..
These places where developing at there own slower pace before colonization. They might have never achieved a modernized society but it's better than destabilizing them by trying to impose modern government that they aren't suited for. It's not politically correct to say that, but these patterns aren't just a series of policy missteps. Not all places are able to operate to the same level and the west is deluded to think everyone can achieve the same standard if it weren't for this or that misstep. Intervening to try and impose the same standard made it worse. Just my opinion.
You didn't tell why somali government collapsed. You only summarized the events in somali history.
Thanks, but like most of my videos, this is not made for specialists or people who know the situation well. It is made fir people who don’t know much about a situation but would like a fair and accurate summary. I think this achieves its goal. It may be just a summary of Somali to those who know Somalia well. But to those who don’t it hopefully explains the course of events leading to the breakdown of the country. If you want a detailed analysis written for a specialist I’m afraid you will have to look elsewhere. As I walkways say when people make these points, who university courses can be made, and often are, to explore the specific topic in detail. But that’s not what this channel is here to do. It is essentially about international relations and I use case studies, such as this. to illustrate my points.
I was only eager to know how did somalia become a failed state as you mentioned in the head lines.I did not mean to criticize your work.🙂
I think I explained it. Barre was overthrown in 1991 and clan factionalism took over. (I tried to explain the concept of clans and who Barre was.) Again, if you wanted a detailed explanation of the day-by-day events of 1991 I’m afraid you need to look elsewhere.
Thank you
Correction: 100(One hundrend) percent of the population in somalia are Muslim by relgion and somali by ethnic.....Somalia is diveded by Five regions(Djibouti clonised by France, Somaliland clonised by British, Eastern somali clonised by Italian where Western Somali and NFD are current clonising ethiopia and Kenya since Berlin Conference of 1884, which made them the only peopless in the world reffereing New Imperialism)
University Free geopolitics course here👌
Thanks. That’s really what I hope it will be!
we are not failed state.
You made the title Somalia as being a failed state and your conclusion is different.you did not mention that its a failed state.
Thanks. I’m not sure what you mean. I looked at how it became a failed state, how it stabilised, but how it is at risk of becoming one again.
If I am not mistaken, Turkey has strong influence on the country! I think their official language is Turkish!!!
Not really, they speak somali
@@dkg4657 my bad, then!!!
@@motocount yeah turkey and Qatar are the allies of Somalia
Turkey is just another European coloniser as they took over a land that no one was claiming for 30 years.
@@abdulfatahjamar7314 Sorry but what land you are talking about ?
Your description of the Islamic Courts Union was really poor.
So, do explain then.
@@JamesKerLindsay The ICU was not an extremist/terrorist faction as you alluded to. They were a group of Islamic Courts that settled disputes amongst the populace. They were orthodox in their Islam for the most part. Not extremist.
They joined together and eventually formed a union, which kicked out the warlords from Muqdisho. They cleaned up the city and brought order and stability. They had a military wing called Al Shabaab who were more extreme, but they were kept in check by the ICU. Southern Somalia saw peace for the first time since the civil war started, for a period of 6 months. Then the US and Ethiopians got involved as they were afraid of "islamists" taking over the country. Al Shabaab then splintered off when the Ethiopians invaded.
Thanks. I agree that it wasn’t as extreme as might have been suggested. But my broader point was that this all took place against the backdrop of 9/11 and the War in Terror. This made sure that it was viewed as a threat, even though it did introduce a degree of stability not seen for well over a decade at that point. I should have brought this out more strongly.
@@JamesKerLindsay thanks for the engagement. Overall I enjoy your channel 😀
Thanks so much. I always enjoy the engagement too. In fact, it really makes it all worthwhile. It’s great that so many add extra information for others. And, as long as its done politely, I’m quite happy to be told I’m wrong! 😀
Like Afganistan
Somalia leaders do not have the concept of governing, at the beginning when somaliland and Somalia joined as Somali republic, the know how Administrators came from somaliland and had British backgrounds and concept of governing.
it's true because it was hard to find people who finished secondary school in Italian Somaliland.
reer somaliland like ta la ogada mr James madama aan arkayo somalia failed state 🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂😂😂
Ngu halee inkstoo rer somaliland aany aqoon hiilka social media-ha 😆 😄 wa wda dhegwyn kkk
Maad ku faraxsan tahay? Dadka waa somali dalkana waa Somalia, magaca somali maka tagi karta?
@@Natureanimalsv MAXAA ISAGA 15 SOMALI!!!!!!.SOMALILAND BAY ADUUNKA UGU NECEB YIHIINE!!!!!!.
@@Natureanimalsv somaali waa sinjigeena ee dawlad maha. Sinjiga kamaanu tagin ee wax dawlad la yidhahdo baanu diidnay inaanu ka qayb ahaano. Wax baad isku qaldaysa.
@@ahakimahmedjamanuur5661 talo iga qaata videogan habuubuunina hadde sidii ruushka dislike iyo report by ladhacayaan 2 magaca Somaliland iska badala
This report is well balanced and very informative in summary. However , Somalis have always been 100% Muslims and homogenous society.
12:53 that map of unstable states is as good as a 2 year old colored it. They really believe that India is as unstable as El Salvador and gautemala? And Oman is more stable seriously? And how can Russia be more unstable than Mongolia or Kazakhstan when these 2 states are really propped up by Russia.
The premise of the video ought be rejected - to be a failed state, one must have once been a successful state.
Somalis aren't capable of every claiming a time when this was true.
Thanks Ben. You actually raise a very interesting issue in international relations/law. At one point there was an expectation of effectiveness for statehood. But with the era of decolonisation this changed to an understanding of an inherent right to independence, regardless of inherent ability to run the state. While one can obviously understand why this change occurred (and keeping people under colonialism in the long term was unacceptable), this nevertheless led to a number of disastrous situations, including Congo.
👏🙂
Wrong estimate not 90% 99.99% is muslim.
Foreign interferences are the very main reason Somali is failed state
Long life the Republic of Somaliland forever 💪👊👊
4
1 thing holding somalia back.
Tribalism.
It plagues somaliland and somalia alike and your a fool if you think it doesnt! (And I'm from somaliland myself)
The 4.5 power sharing system in somali government is clear example.
Its engrained in the somali politics, MPs and senators dont gain there seats cause of votes but tribalism simple as that. Federal member states are carved, taking tribal demographics into account
Even in somaliland tribalism is still rife within the political system and I fear if they got independence it would cause rebellions and even a war with puntland over sanaag and sool regions which is inhabited by warsengali and dhulbahante (darod) tribes.
We need nationalism and centralised state under 1 people, 1 religion and 1 god! Anything else and we will have more war and chaos.
I think it is funny that Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania, and Kenya don't recognize Somaliland as a country. You would think that since we want to unite into one country that we would want to establish an exit strategy in case things go left like in Somalia. I guess we will have to just fight our way out like Eritrea did.
@@mohamedamir7751 What does the date Somaliland got its independence got to do with what I said? Somaliland willingly joined Somali the same way all of the countries that I listed want to join into a new country. Countries like the USA, UK, and Spain won't back Somaliland because they have people in their own countries that want to leave. They don't care if Somaliland was once an independent country.
@@BrotherVex SOMALIYA IS UNDER UN ADMIN!!!!!.THE BILLIONS OF DOLLARS FROM DONER COUNTRIES TO AMISOM TROUPS WILL GET DRY AT SOME POINT IN TIME, THEN WHAT?.THE QUESTION WILL COME THAT SOMALIYA DECIDED TO BE A FAILED STATE, WHY ARE WE PUNISHING GOOD BEHAVIER AND REWARDING THE BAD!!!!!!!.
It seems like Kenya in particular is working towards that, I’m sure the rest would follow
A divided Somalia only benefits foreigners. Somaliland being independent will be an easy target for Arab countries, USA, EU, etc. Djbouti got 5 foreign military bases and its next to you. I need you to look at the big picture. Divided we fall.