Terraforming: Forging New Worlds

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  • Опубліковано 10 лют 2025
  • Our galaxy likely contains trillions of worlds, and perhaps none we could live on without great effort to make them like Earth. To colonize these worlds, to make them settlements for our descendants in the future, we must first terraform them.
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    Credits:
    Terraforming: Forging New Worlds
    Science & Futurism with Isaac Arthur
    Episode 268a: December 13, 2020
    Written, Produced & Narrated by Isaac Arthur
    Editors:
    Jerry Guern
    Jason Burbank
    Keith Blockus
    S. Kopperud
    Cover Art:
    Jakub Grygier www.artstation...
    Graphics:
    Bryan Versteeg spacehabs.com
    Jeremy Jozwik www.artstation...
    Ken York / ydvisual
    Sam McNamara
    Sergio Botero www.artstation...
    Udo Schroeter
    Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound epidemicsound.c...

КОМЕНТАРІ • 400

  • @JacobTaylor216
    @JacobTaylor216 4 роки тому +226

    Gotta love when there are 2 Arthursdays in a week!

    • @harryrissik3310
      @harryrissik3310 4 роки тому +4

      I guess Christmas came early ;)

    • @yveslafrance2806
      @yveslafrance2806 4 роки тому +1

      That’s what astronomers call “once in a blue moon phase”... probably
      (Not really 😁)

    • @poughkeepsieblue
      @poughkeepsieblue 4 роки тому

      Define, 'a week'.

    • @sonicvenom8292
      @sonicvenom8292 4 роки тому +2

      a week is two weeks.

    • @lukemckee9772
      @lukemckee9772 4 роки тому

      Its special when it happens! Gotta love it

  • @Lukegear
    @Lukegear 4 роки тому +144

    Instead of watching people forging knives, today I will watch SFIA talking about forging worlds xD

    • @rayn_0ff
      @rayn_0ff 4 роки тому +1

      The best walk about

    • @Lukegear
      @Lukegear 4 роки тому

      @@rayn_0ff oops lol

    • @johnw7722
      @johnw7722 4 роки тому +2

      I to enjoy forged in fire! Also sfia is always the best to listen too.

    • @poughkeepsieblue
      @poughkeepsieblue 4 роки тому +2

      Knives, have been done thousands of times.. colonizing worlds, hasn't.. you made the right choice.

    • @downsidebrian
      @downsidebrian 4 роки тому

      Por que no los dos?

  • @astreinerboi
    @astreinerboi 4 роки тому +39

    19:59 I think "just because we can" has been enough motivation for some projects. So I can imagine that happening.

    • @darthutah6649
      @darthutah6649 4 роки тому +2

      why we went to the moon in a nutshell

    • @fredflintlocks9445
      @fredflintlocks9445 10 місяців тому

      Its matter of timescale, humanity has never committed to a project that may take tens of thousands or even millions of years to complete. Not to say its impossible just unprecedented.

  • @blindyeti7313
    @blindyeti7313 4 роки тому +32

    Thanks Arthur, for always being a bright spot on my Sundays.

  • @ivantimofeev2233
    @ivantimofeev2233 4 роки тому +30

    I was waiting for this topic for sooo long, I have a feeling I will enjoy it

  • @Aaron-pz9tr
    @Aaron-pz9tr 4 роки тому +21

    I was just sifting through which episode of SFIA to watch or re-watch when I saw this. Perfect timing.

    • @cosmicrider5898
      @cosmicrider5898 4 роки тому

      There are thousands of UA-cam channels. i swear....

    • @NM-wd7kx
      @NM-wd7kx 4 роки тому +3

      @@cosmicrider5898 and none scratch the same itch

  • @nevermindmeijustinjectedaw9988

    super interesting point you raised in the beginning. to that i'd say that at first we wouldnt reach that limit anytime soon anyway due to constraints on our abilities to tow asteroids for now. but later, as it ramps up, the added energy and therefore heat to mars would help melt the polar ice caps of mars, adding further water into the system and also warming up the planet for our comfort, so that's two flies with one clap.
    this is totally hypothetical, since i dont know the marsian soil composition, but heating up the planet and also melting all that water ice would also free a lot of the solved gases and help create a new marsian atmosphere. maybe it's just a drop in the ocean, though.

  • @nawidtahmid2875
    @nawidtahmid2875 4 роки тому +8

    Hey Isaac, just wanted to express my gratitude for your work. Lots of love ❤️

  • @RicksPoker
    @RicksPoker 4 роки тому +1

    Hi Isaac Arthur.
    Terraforming is a hobby of mine (I believe that I own every book on the subject ever written, including Fogg's text book). Generally, this is a really good video! Congratulations!
    However, there an error and a couple of points I would like to make:
    -- Magnetic fields do not deflect hydrogen to the ground. With or without a magnetic field, if hydrogen is released, it will escape from planets even much bigger than Earth. What protects the water on Earth is the 'cold trap'. UV light can disassociate water into Hydrogen and Hydroxide ions. The hydrogen may be lost to space. However, on Earth, the water freezes into ice particles below the stratosphere, so the ozone layer protects them. Thus the stratosphere is very dry, and we only lose a few tonnes of hydrogen per year. On planets without an ozone layer, water loss is faster.
    -- Note that Mars has a lot of ice in permafrost and underground. If it was all melted, it would be about 10 meters deep planet wide. No argument, that we would want more.
    -- You make it sound trivial to put a big magnet at Mars' L1 point. Power won't be the problem, but you will have to use mass to station keep its position, for centuries after centuries. However, the scale of Terraforming which you are talking about, (moving around enough asteroids to significantly increasing the mass of planets), this likely won't be a big deal.
    -- Mars is very easy to terraform, because it alternates between cold dry periods, and warm wet periods. It might be worth while to make a video on why Mars is so easy to terraform.
    Generally, a very good video. Much, much better than most terraforming videos I've seen. Congratulations.
    Warm regards, Rick.

    • @prins424
      @prins424 4 роки тому

      Can an ozone layer be created?

    • @RicksPoker
      @RicksPoker 4 роки тому

      @@prins424
      Hi Bert. Mars actually has a surprisingly thick Ozone layer, it is about 1/60 of Earth's even tho Mars has virtually no free O2 in the atmosphere. What happens, is that the ultraviolet light disassociates the CO2 into CO and O. The free O, combine into O2 then UV light breaks up the O2 and forms O3.
      If we add Oxygen to Mars' atmosphere the Ozone layer will naturally build up. So all we need is a lot of plants.
      Warm regards, Rick.

  • @mkwarlock
    @mkwarlock 4 роки тому +10

    9:14 - "Orbital bombardment"
    *WH40K vibes intensify*

  • @shorewall
    @shorewall 4 роки тому +26

    Whenever this channel talks about terraforming, I just think it will be easier to make Habitats. :D

    • @theuncalledfor
      @theuncalledfor 4 роки тому +4

      Paraterraforming! Habitats, but on the surface~
      Easier, faster, less... needlessly permanent.
      You know, since planets, in the long term, are for suckers. WHERE ELSE WILL WE GET THE MATERIALS MULTIPLE RUNGWORLDS AND TOPOPOLISES! ...topopoles? WHAT IS THE PLURAL OF TOPOPOLIS?!

    • @samlosco8441
      @samlosco8441 3 роки тому +5

      We can (and probably will) do both. Sure, building O'Neill Cylinders is easier than terraforming Mars or Venus, but in the long run what would people prefer to live on? Maybe some people would be fine living in a space habitat for long periods of time (especially if you're on one of the larger theorised cylinders the size of a continent), but plenty would also rather live on a planet. IMO both the possibility of millions or billions of humans living in space habitats, and the dream of turning Mars and Venus blue, are admirable goals that should be pursued

  • @altayveyongunner1321
    @altayveyongunner1321 4 роки тому +163

    The more videos I watch the more I realize how silly, inefficient and incompetent movie and tv shows make space empires.

    • @kevincrady2831
      @kevincrady2831 4 роки тому +44

      I think this is primarily because they kinda have to cast them in the mold of past empires (Rome! Iiiiiiiiin Spaaaaaaaace!) and past technologies, e.g. "space is an ocean" where big ships slowly pull up to each other and slug it out at close range like the battles of Jutland or Trafalgar, the "space fighters" fly like WWII fighters, perhaps with some missiles, and so on. Also, they make them surprisingly small. The "Grand Army of the Republic" from the Clone Wars started out at 1.2 million troops--for a Galactic scale conflict! The United States Army (just the Army!) could field a comparable force if fully mobilized.
      They do this to make the story comprehensible to the audience. Unfortunately, if you tried to make a movie about a space empire headquartered on a Shellworld populated by hundreds of trillions of transhuman, AI, and Uplifted animal inhabitants governed in a holarchic direct democracy, with space battles waged at realistic distances and relative velocities, the audience wouldn't understand what's going on, and a lot of things would be hard to film at all. But at least we have shows like The Expanse trying to add a degree of realism. :)

    • @ncc2110
      @ncc2110 4 роки тому +14

      @@kevincrady2831 Check out SchlockMercenary.com. It's an excellent webcomic which checks about every box you listed. It's currently on a pause because the author just finished an 18+ year story arc. :) Plenty of backlog to to read through until it resumes. I think it was a mention in Schlock's blog that brought me to Isaac's channel. Hope you enjoy.

    • @theuncalledfor
      @theuncalledfor 4 роки тому +3

      @@ncc2110
      Wait, the story arc is finished? I need to get back to reading it soon, then! (I hate reading daily pages because progress gets so slow, so I come back every year or so to check if the net book is done. I do similar for most of the webcomics I still read.)
      But yeah, _seconded with the force of a billion suns,_ Schlock Mercenary is _amazing._

    • @scorpiomelancholia1559
      @scorpiomelancholia1559 3 роки тому +1

      Watch anime and read manga

    • @KA-vs7nl
      @KA-vs7nl 3 роки тому

      @@kevincrady2831 people like you make good little sheep

  • @rojaws1183
    @rojaws1183 4 роки тому +57

    That's a lot of work but not everyone can afford hiring Magrathea for the job.

    • @KaizerKlash111
      @KaizerKlash111 4 роки тому +3

      Rip no one is a multi-dodecallionnaire

    • @alexandernorman5337
      @alexandernorman5337 4 роки тому +2

      @@KaizerKlash111 - We just gotta make Von Neumann assemblers. They will do the work and don't need to be paid.

    • @marsar1775
      @marsar1775 4 роки тому +4

      Well magrathea *is* closed at the moment

    • @Mattknight75
      @Mattknight75 4 роки тому +2

      Excellent detailing with the Fjords there Slarty...

    • @Christopher-N
      @Christopher-N 4 роки тому +2

      I've wondered how Magratheea contends with stars. Did Sol (our sun) already exist and they popped the supercomputer Earth in place (and adjusted the orbits of the other planets to compensate for the mass), or did they have to build the sun and other planets as well?

  • @NotSoNormal1987
    @NotSoNormal1987 4 роки тому +4

    I've been having a rough day. This early release has improved my mood. Thank you.

  • @dasdaleberger5683
    @dasdaleberger5683 4 роки тому +24

    Deploy Lagrange shield then carpet nuke away. " Fight in the shade " A-ROOO

  • @GirlWhoCriedAardvark
    @GirlWhoCriedAardvark 4 роки тому +71

    Faith can move mountains: She is a terraforming engineer.
    ...
    (Original: "Faith can move mountains: She is a big strong girl! )

    • @pimpabootejettanut122
      @pimpabootejettanut122 4 роки тому +8

      Can I borrow this joke for my future fiction lol

    • @GirlWhoCriedAardvark
      @GirlWhoCriedAardvark 3 роки тому +1

      @@pimpabootejettanut122/videos You certainly can. The one I flagged as the 'original' is probably older than me, and I'm no spring chicken!

  • @mjk9388
    @mjk9388 4 роки тому +4

    Another great and expansive explanation from the awesome team at SFIA. From a pure resource efficiency, I too have trouble seeing us taking the time and wasteful use of resources to terraform a planet. If the gravity of a planet is enough to keep us healthy in the long run, I see us using para-terraforming techniques to glass over areas while we live mostly underground. Once we get to the point of developing rotating habitats cheaply, then it seems like a bigger disadvantage to be on a planet (aka gravity well). Awesome video.

  • @vadermasktruth
    @vadermasktruth 4 роки тому +22

    I'm at work in a small Thai restaurant watching this, getting PAID to watch this! (I hope the boss isn't watching & reading this!)

  • @garret1930
    @garret1930 4 роки тому +2

    Thank you Isaac! I just finished my first exam of the season and this is a perfect momentary respite before diving back into the grind.

  • @cannonfodder4376
    @cannonfodder4376 4 роки тому +2

    Always gotta remind myself that today is Sunday and not Arthursday.
    Another informative episode Isaac and team! These Sunday episodes are always a very welcome treat.

  • @hunebedbouwer5755
    @hunebedbouwer5755 4 роки тому +1

    I always like to believe it is our universal duty to spread live and make the universe a living one.

  • @HebaruSan
    @HebaruSan 4 роки тому +3

    Nice rule of thumb about objects striking in excess of escape velocity, never thought about that before but it makes sense

  • @madcaptoys
    @madcaptoys 4 роки тому +3

    Great Video as Always. Just getting tired of everyone talking but we never seem to get anywhere . And it's been that way since the 60's

  • @alfredsutton7233
    @alfredsutton7233 4 роки тому +1

    Thank you, Isaac Arthur. You make a topic new every time you discuss it.

  • @castlefrontgaming4544
    @castlefrontgaming4544 4 роки тому

    Huge fan of your show for over 5 years now. Your point about the Noah's Arc flood does not take into account that the waters from below rose up. That acidic water is what filled most of the water volume. 6:13

  • @DJRCMACH
    @DJRCMACH 4 роки тому +6

    release is 6 minutes old and here I am ....with snack and refreshment

  • @TheRogueRockhound
    @TheRogueRockhound 4 роки тому +2

    Thanks Isaac! Another great vid.

  • @stcredzero
    @stcredzero 4 роки тому +1

    Here is the thing about Terraforming: The competition is the construction of artificial habitats. Humans tend to get exponentially better at constructing artificial habitats. In the time it takes to terraform an easily terraformed planet, you might have 50 human (homo sapiens, standard) generations of improvement of artificial habitats. Given this, it's hard to see how planets would exist outside of nature preserves and curiosities. Then, when you add the sheer destructiveness of terraforming, it seems downright implausible.

  • @jacobkobald1753
    @jacobkobald1753 4 роки тому +2

    Isaac is a boss and my mentor! Great content, keep the amazing work up, you broaden my/humanities horizons

  • @marsar1775
    @marsar1775 4 роки тому

    your screwing with my calender! arthursday is once a week not twice!
    jokes aside your positivity about the future is whats keeping me going right now. any new episode is welcomed

  • @SzaposJogdan2733
    @SzaposJogdan2733 4 роки тому +7

    This was really interesting!

  • @elijahwills7331
    @elijahwills7331 4 роки тому +13

    I'm a simple man: I see SFIA, AND it's 'bout terraforming, I click it quick.
    EDIT: I have received the great distinction of a medallion from the man himself! Thank 'ee

    • @tathemrelag3123
      @tathemrelag3123 4 роки тому +9

      And then you lost it by editing your comment :(

    • @elijahwills7331
      @elijahwills7331 4 роки тому +2

      @@tathemrelag3123 ah crap you're right

  • @Elimba78
    @Elimba78 4 роки тому +2

    Cloud networks are awesome, a device can through high transfer speeds. Achieve higher complex computing calculations, more so collectively, from cloud server's, then by it's own initial hardware.

  • @planetoftheatheists6858
    @planetoftheatheists6858 4 роки тому +1

    Bang-up job we’ve done managing our own planet and making it livable

  • @Barnardrab
    @Barnardrab 4 роки тому +1

    Thank you for this episode. It's my birthday today and this so happens to be my favorite topic.

    • @eribertoacedo9505
      @eribertoacedo9505 3 роки тому

      happy birthday Bernard hope you had a enjoyable birthday!

  • @markwattne8772
    @markwattne8772 4 роки тому +3

    I once calculated for fun how much N2 you would need to terraform Mars to an earthlike atmosphere. It’s about 3.4 Million Gigatons. Venus has more than enough Nitrogen for that

    • @markusmencke8059
      @markusmencke8059 4 роки тому

      Why not go for Titan, freeze the stuff out of its atmosphere, and drop it from out there?

    • @markwattne8772
      @markwattne8772 4 роки тому

      @@markusmencke8059 Titan has a lot of Nitrogen but (I Guess) not enough to terraform Mars, it’s a longer travel time and we might wanna keep it there for later colonization. Also it gets FAR less energy from the Sun so Solar Powered refineries in Venus‘s upper atmosphere would probably be the best.

  • @isakisak9989
    @isakisak9989 4 роки тому +8

    I wonder if il ever see any of this in my lifetime, or some other cool stuff like full dive VR, nano tech, gene editing etc.

    • @cosmicrider5898
      @cosmicrider5898 4 роки тому +2

      Give it 20-30 yrs if we don't destroy ourselves by then

    • @southwesttt5812
      @southwesttt5812 4 роки тому +2

      We have gene editing right now. Look up CRISPR editing, its frickin insane.

    • @southwesttt5812
      @southwesttt5812 4 роки тому

      @@RCAvhstape Ok. Sorry for accusing you of that, I didn't mean to offend, I'm just tired of these people who follow Trump blindly, even if he blatantly lies. I don't know exactly what you mean by "communist dictatorship" or where, but I hope you have a good day.

    • @malcolm_in_the_middle
      @malcolm_in_the_middle 4 роки тому +1

      If you see life-extension in your life, then very likely. If not, you might see some of this stuff, depending on politics.

  • @jakvos342
    @jakvos342 4 роки тому +5

    May i suggest a video on monopoles and their uses?

  • @spaceman6463
    @spaceman6463 4 роки тому +6

    Can you do a video on resurrection using nanobots and other things.

    • @isaacarthurSFIA
      @isaacarthurSFIA  4 роки тому +3

      That actually sounds like a potentially great episode, let me think on it

    • @spaceman6463
      @spaceman6463 4 роки тому +1

      @@isaacarthurSFIA
      Cool

    • @tariqahmad1371
      @tariqahmad1371 4 роки тому

      @@spaceman6463 Isaac Arthur, like Amos from Tiamats wraith

    • @Elimba78
      @Elimba78 4 роки тому +2

      @@spaceman6463
      Nano bot's would be possible, if their built in such a way. As being a smart device, connected to a cloud network, internet, 5g, or higher.
      As each unit, would be in communication with each other and overall, for them be in range and connected with server's. They could be monitored, or controlled from the server and the nano bot's could not work when out of range and shut down.
      Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage (cloud storage). But the good thing about why this all matters, is that any wifi device, can be in powered. Their could be more computing power, by computers in far off distances, without direct active management by the users own device's.
      The cloud’ can also refer to cloud computing, where several server's are linked together to share the load. This means that instead of using one single powerful machine, complex processes can be distributed across multiple smaller configured server computer's.
      So basically a limited device, is not limited to it's own hardware any further, it can expand to operate from the cloud, or internet. You would only need a WiFi connection, or smart device, to operate from the cloud.
      Also cloud-based server's run across multiple cloud configured server's, so you have the ability to upgrade whenever you want to.
      One of the advantages of cloud storage, is that there are many distributed applications, patches and driver updates. That can be managed from one location, so less work is required. So you could link up a bunch of smart device's together, to work together in sync.
      I say all this because, the technology should be well enough, if connected to a cloud network, device's could out do and perform complex task. Where high computing capability is needed, or required to achieve such goal.
      With higher transmission speeds of 4g and 5g and so on. It all comes possible to achieve response actions, in real time. The technology is their and strongly on its way, we just need to utilize the collective power of pulling computing resources together from the cloud network.

    • @spaceman6463
      @spaceman6463 4 роки тому

      elimba78
      I imagined the nanobots being run by a self learning AI in your body, or it working like a virus just to a higher degree.
      I like your idea tho. the only problem I could see from it, is if you where off line the nano machines would stop working, and they could be hacked easily compared to off line methods.

  • @keiferalford7961
    @keiferalford7961 3 роки тому +1

    Isaac- "It depends on hard you're willing to get, and hard you're willing to go."
    Me (thinking)- 'I'm willing to go all the way... hard. I'm willing to get all the way... hard."
    LMBO...
    🤣 😆 🤣

  • @jacoslabbert5928
    @jacoslabbert5928 4 роки тому +1

    Always a good day when Mr Arthur uploads. 🤟❤️

  • @Cannibal713
    @Cannibal713 4 роки тому

    1:04 That is a beautiful depiction of the transformation of Mars.

  • @saurabhdas3412
    @saurabhdas3412 4 роки тому +10

    19 views, 19 likes. Perfect!

  • @Dogetty
    @Dogetty 4 роки тому +2

    Great episode as always

  • @GariFFUSA
    @GariFFUSA 4 роки тому +3

    I want longer episodes ❤️

  • @InuranusBrokoff
    @InuranusBrokoff 4 роки тому +4

    I needed this today.

    • @linz8291
      @linz8291 9 місяців тому

      Starting your space projects today.

  • @notlessgrossman163
    @notlessgrossman163 4 роки тому

    This is great.. we can certainly start Terraforming already, here on earth without nukes or huge cost. Exhibit A: the Sahara.. if we found such a planet we would be thrilled and Isaac would make a special.

  • @ellenmcgowen
    @ellenmcgowen 4 роки тому +1

    Terraforming is a slow, slow cooking setting for patient old civilizations that want superb results. Young civs in a hurry will use quicker methods like megastructures and synthetic biology.
    (As for humans, I think it's robots all the way up.)

  • @TokyoTraveller
    @TokyoTraveller 4 роки тому +2

    Arthur, great video as usual.
    I have been wondering if it is possible to use microwaves or some other form of light to heat up the core of a planet to restart its dynamo.
    I know the rocks have metal in them, but is it enough metal to stop all of the waves from getting to or near the core?

  • @sesmeltz1965
    @sesmeltz1965 3 роки тому

    At about 17:20
    Isaac: Of course, machines don't build themselves, microbes do...
    Me: Uh, Isaac, you ok man? You don't sound like yourself.
    Isaac: ... unless you've got self-replicating machines.
    Me: Phew. That was scary.

  • @yggdrasil9039
    @yggdrasil9039 4 роки тому

    Terraforming planets and intrasolar-system interplanetary space travel are the two most pressing and urgent near-term issues to overcome.

  • @irishspartanstudios
    @irishspartanstudios 4 роки тому +2

    SFIA TIME!

  • @markusmencke8059
    @markusmencke8059 4 роки тому +1

    You would not want to fill the gaps between ALL the layers of a greenhouse with water - that just transmits shockwawes of impacts to the next layer, nearly unabated.
    I would imagine building those greenhouses more like a Whipple shield - a few layers of (quite thin) glas spaced a few inches apart, to give smaller impactors time and space to break up. Inwards of that, the layered build with water could commence.

  • @DAYBROK3
    @DAYBROK3 4 роки тому +8

    is it thursday? not that im complaining but i wasnt ready.

  • @jotatsu
    @jotatsu 4 роки тому +41

    We have 1 technology known to terraform a planet, life.

    • @bettabucky7975
      @bettabucky7975 4 роки тому +11

      Self replicating nano machines with a wide chemical repertoire.

    • @Bobsry16
      @Bobsry16 4 роки тому

      ahh life a forgiving blessing

    • @springbloom5940
      @springbloom5940 4 роки тому

      Um, thats completely backward.

    • @robertadsett5273
      @robertadsett5273 4 роки тому +3

      @@springbloom5940 that’s how earth was terraformed

    • @springbloom5940
      @springbloom5940 4 роки тому

      @@robertadsett5273
      No, its not.

  • @SD-cc3mn
    @SD-cc3mn 4 роки тому

    One way to address the wait time is to, initiate the process via nukes etc...and then head to the nearest black hole...get close enough and head back, with the time dialation it's a cheat way to accelerate time or reducing effective waiting time..

  • @ravenkeefer3143
    @ravenkeefer3143 4 роки тому

    UVC been measured at ground level for at least last three years now. Not minor readings either. Levels have increased each year as well.
    Gamma was so high that two measures have been used. First the national sensors were dialed down, then, after having 16 & 30 hours of RADCON 5 readings on multiple occasions, public access to the sensors was discontinued.
    X-ray also off scales until the scales were altered to obfuscate the true numbers. Means used was clever conversion from "particles per square foot" to "per millimeter". The scale given is inserted at macro level in contradiction to measurement, making the increase obfuscated in the conversion.

  • @mopippenger7373
    @mopippenger7373 4 роки тому +3

    small brain: screwing with planets to make them more like earth
    galaxy brain: grey goo’ing planets to make trillions of tin cans

    • @ThomasBomb45
      @ThomasBomb45 4 роки тому +1

      Need more paperclips

    • @theuncalledfor
      @theuncalledfor 4 роки тому +1

      Tin cans? Oh, you mean O'Neill cylinders!
      Nah, we need some real megastructures! Rungworlds and topopoles! (Look, I don't know the plural of topopolis, so I'm going with topopoles, sue me.)

  • @youtubeisajoke2546
    @youtubeisajoke2546 4 роки тому +2

    What about pumping the Martian atmosphere with some heavier gas the sun can’t blast away but would shield better against meteors? That would still erode the ground probably. Idk what gas options would be available...

    • @Elimba78
      @Elimba78 4 роки тому +2

      I think that would be possible, they would obviously need that infrastructure to do so. They might have to have space suits on though, for protection and gasses would just occupy lower spaces, or up to a certain extent of height, like you implied.

    • @Elimba78
      @Elimba78 4 роки тому +2

      It would be a necessity and requirement for communication in outer space. To have a live real time connection, with server's, probably on earth, or near earth in contact with earth.
      As needed infrastructure is needed for overall solar system communication is needed. For advances in outer space operation's, in earth's solar system.
      Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage (cloud storage). But the good thing about why this all matters, is that any wifi device, can be in powered. Their could be more computing power, by computers in far off distances, without direct active management by the users own device's.
      The cloud’ can also refer to cloud computing, where several server's are linked together to share the load. This means that instead of using one single powerful machine, complex processes can be distributed across multiple smaller configured server computer's.
      So basically a limited device, is not limited to it's own hardware any further, it can expand to operate from the cloud, or internet. You would only need a WiFi connection, or smart device, to operate from the cloud.
      Also cloud-based server's run across multiple cloud configured server's, so you have the ability to upgrade whenever you want to.
      One of the advantages of cloud storage, is that there are many distributed applications, patches and driver updates. That can be managed from one location, so less work is required. So you could link up a bunch of smart device's together, to work together in sync.
      I say all this because, the technology should be well enough, if connected to a cloud network, device's could out do and perform complex task. Where high computing capability is needed, or required to achieve such goal, atleast on earth.
      With higher transmission speeds of 4g and 5g and so on. It all comes possible to achieve response actions, in real time. The technology is their and strongly on its way, we just need to utilize the collective power of pulling computing resources together from the cloud network.

    • @youtubeisajoke2546
      @youtubeisajoke2546 4 роки тому

      We could send satellites in orbit of the sun in between mars and earth and bring some Starlink full starships to mars and build servers on mars surface. That way I can beat my fellow colonists at any game of their choosing. Cx
      Honestly if we didn’t terraform mars and built everything underground that would solve a few problems with colonist safety and we can innovate around that! As long as we have communal spaces with tall ceilings, plants, fruit trees and a nice breeze, I’d feel close to home.

  • @Sixstringman
    @Sixstringman 4 роки тому +1

    Whats the difference between weight and mass? Is weight just a byproduct of gravity/spacetime curviture?

  • @DAYBROK3
    @DAYBROK3 4 роки тому +3

    How long would it take to move asteroids to the surface of Mars slowly enough to raise the mass high enough to have a more robust natural magnetic shield?

    • @floydlooney6837
      @floydlooney6837 4 роки тому

      How would you thicken an atmosphere? Mars has almost none.

    • @DAYBROK3
      @DAYBROK3 3 роки тому

      @@floydlooney6837 how would you do it? mars has more than you seem to think. i was thinking of increasing the mass and make the magnetosphere stronger, i was asking those who are smarter how long they thought it would take.

  • @stone-hand
    @stone-hand 4 роки тому

    I have heard that for a period the Gibraltar straight had closed off, and as a result the Mediterranean seas had dried up becoming just a huge seat of land punctuated by salt lakes.
    And then, about 5 million years ago the obstruction broke and the Mediterranean filled up again in a matter of months.
    If some of our ancestors had been in the middle of it, and they already had some form of cultural transmission, it may be one of the inspirations for the biblical flooding.

  • @Calebgoblin
    @Calebgoblin 4 роки тому +3

    I've been looking forward to this one, I clicked the notification faster than light baby

  • @buddywhatshisname522
    @buddywhatshisname522 4 роки тому +1

    Something I’ve been wondering... if photosynthesis is so inefficient, why isn’t the idea of 100% synthetic food a thing? Instead of growing vast amounts of plants in space, not to mention creating or lifting tons of soil to space, find a way to creat perfectly nutritious full synthetic food from inorganic matter available in space.

  • @robertjorg6645
    @robertjorg6645 4 роки тому +1

    12:30 The visualization of black holes as gravitative core of shell worlds is a bit scary.
    Mainly because the Schwarzschild radius for earth would be about 9 millimeters.
    Here it looks a littel bit too big.

  • @alexandernorman5337
    @alexandernorman5337 4 роки тому +1

    Our first outposts really need to be O'Neill cylinders or the domed habitats. Can't wait centuries for complete terraforming. People will lose interest.

  • @Shatterverse
    @Shatterverse 4 роки тому

    22:11 the space elevator platform looks just like the space elevator shuttle in Satisfactory, which I just got yesterday.

  • @JAGtheTrekkieGEMINI1701
    @JAGtheTrekkieGEMINI1701 4 роки тому +2

    Damn i Love this.... I will BE Long GONE when humanity will become an intersetellar and thus likely a Type 2 Civ....
    But the day we become an interplanetary species or maybe a Type 1 Civ. might be not to far in the Future!

    • @Elimba78
      @Elimba78 4 роки тому +1

      Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage (cloud storage). But the good thing about why this all matters, is that any wifi device, can be in powered. Their could be more computing power, by computers in far off distances, without direct active management by the users own device's.
      The cloud’ can also refer to cloud computing, where several server's are linked together to share the load. This means that instead of using one single powerful machine, complex processes can be distributed across multiple smaller configured server computer's.
      So basically a limited device, is not limited to it's own hardware any further, it can expand to operate from the cloud, or internet. You would only need a WiFi connection, or smart device, to operate from the cloud.
      Also cloud-based server's run across multiple cloud configured server's, so you have the ability to upgrade whenever you want to.
      One of the advantages of cloud storage, is that there are many distributed applications, patches and driver updates. That can be managed from one location, so less work is required. So you could link up a bunch of smart device's together, to work together in sync.
      I say all this because, the technology should be well enough, if connected to a cloud network, device's could out do and perform complex task. Where high computing capability is needed, or required to achieve such goal.
      With higher transmission speeds of 4g and 5g and so on. It all comes possible to achieve response actions, in real time. The technology is their and strongly on its way, we just need to utilize the collective power of pulling computing resources together from the cloud network.

  • @RaysHobbies
    @RaysHobbies 4 роки тому

    Isaac Arthur making Sunday funday again

  • @dougm3037
    @dougm3037 4 роки тому +1

    Thanks Issac. Great episode. It's surprising to me to discover that the Lagrange magnetic field is feasible right now given sufficient investment. I think Elon Musk would be very interested in such a project. Personally I believe O'Neill type habitats is the way to go ahead of terraforming. I predict that massive structures and spaceships will be constructed in a micro gravity environment avoiding the energy expenditure required for escaping those pesky gravity wells in our solar system. Have a great Xmas and thanks for your efforts over the years.

  • @jonathanhensley6141
    @jonathanhensley6141 2 роки тому

    Yes scyfy series or movies can develop or create a truly stellar or Interstellar civilization much less deal with megastructures. Awesome video

  • @patrickkathambana4112
    @patrickkathambana4112 4 роки тому +1

    This is the best thing ever!!

  • @donaghb7307
    @donaghb7307 4 роки тому +2

    If you mined the ice, then melted it and used an orbital tower to feed it down to the planets surface, same for oxygen, would you avoid the heat dissipation issue?

    • @phoephoe795
      @phoephoe795 Рік тому +1

      The ice in orbit has a lot of kinetic and gravitational-potential energy, which is what's converted to heat on the way down. No way around it as such, but you can convert the energy into other useful energy types, by piping it down and running water through turbines to generate electricity, however it'll ultimately be dispersed as heat.
      (nothing stopping you from dumping the heat back into space- use the generators to power giant lasers to provide light-sail breaking to the next incoming ice block)

  • @Kalleosini
    @Kalleosini 4 роки тому

    most viewers: brings a snack before watching the video.
    me: makes a snack while watching the video.
    Isaac Arthur: is a snack while making the video.

  • @Dogtroll
    @Dogtroll 4 роки тому

    Actually, as far as terraforming a planet is concerned it might be a good idea to consider more shallow oceans. That would give you more total land mass and also a higher percentage of your oceans that are actively productive since the relative volume of water receiving sunlight would be higher.

  • @thumb-ugly7518
    @thumb-ugly7518 4 роки тому

    Fascinating. In regards to the Lagrange Electromagnetic satellite, would it lead to an induced van Allen belt? If so, would that be a high enough radiation variable to have to incorporate in the paraterraforming project?

  • @aurex8937
    @aurex8937 4 роки тому +2

    What would you call this process if you had to engineer another planet's atmosphere to accomodate a lifeform that's not us?

    • @cosmicrider5898
      @cosmicrider5898 4 роки тому

      Astroforming

    • @davidroddini1512
      @davidroddini1512 4 роки тому

      @@cosmicrider5898 I believe astroforming involves stars.

    • @icecold9511
      @icecold9511 4 роки тому

      Vongforming, pyroforming for the Pyrians, and a few others.

  • @Duke00x
    @Duke00x 4 роки тому

    Could we siphon off venues gases (and then late interduce/reintroduce the ones we want) to fix it's run away green house and make it habitual?

  • @KasperLidegaard
    @KasperLidegaard 4 роки тому

    Thx. It's very good points!

  • @user-zn7tj3xc7k
    @user-zn7tj3xc7k 4 роки тому +1

    Is there any way of making fertile in space, for gardens, farming, etc.. in the close future, without importing it from earth?

    • @user-zn7tj3xc7k
      @user-zn7tj3xc7k 4 роки тому

      Sorry about my english, i was typing from a cellphone, i meant fertile soil

  • @jacobkobald1753
    @jacobkobald1753 4 роки тому +1

    So serious question if we had a whitehole in venusus's atmosphere connected to mars , say 500 m around, how long till venusus's atmosphere venting to mars creates an earthlike planet. Assuming a constant rate of particles.

  • @admiralsquatbar127
    @admiralsquatbar127 4 роки тому

    It's Issac Arthur day!

  • @kleinemonnik
    @kleinemonnik 4 роки тому +1

    12:50 A spinning 'death star' or a spinning 'Deathstar'?

  • @expertadvice4u
    @expertadvice4u 4 роки тому +2

    Just curious could we detect a large nuclear explosion on an exoplanet? What about with the new James Webbtelescope?

    • @ОлегПруц
      @ОлегПруц 4 роки тому

      A star is pretty much a lot of nuclear explosions going on all the time and we have a hard time detecting the smalllest of them like red dwarfs even nearby

    • @expertadvice4u
      @expertadvice4u 4 роки тому

      @@ОлегПруц yeah I get that. My point being I know next generation they have talked about looking at light waves determine chemical analysis of potential atmosphere of habitable planets. Just curious if looking for nuclear explosions or aftermath in atmospheric could be done,

    • @icecold9511
      @icecold9511 4 роки тому

      Unlikely. A nuclear bomb isn't nearly as much energy as we tend to think. It is a large sudden release. But the energy would dissipate very fast. There are other markers easier to look for.

  • @donaldhobson8873
    @donaldhobson8873 4 роки тому

    On the lower effort end of the scale, there is a hab that makes the ISS look spacious, combined with really good VR and waste recycling.

  • @Delosian
    @Delosian 4 роки тому

    I wonder what the effects of heating the atmosphere of Mars will be. If soil heat isn't lost as fast at it is currently, can the heat convection from the surface downwards cause the core to melt again, and can we get it to rotate and recreate the magnetic field? Perhaps large magnetic field generators spaced equally around the equator can spin up the iron core once more until a dynamo is recreated.

  • @LucasDimoveo
    @LucasDimoveo 4 роки тому +24

    Someone send this to Musk. We can't have any terra forming with people living on the subject planet

    • @Wayoutthere
      @Wayoutthere 4 роки тому +2

      He needs to press on with his 'nuke Mars' plan (for real).

    • @marlonlacert8133
      @marlonlacert8133 4 роки тому +6

      Only if done quickly! To be honest, I think we need to get off this planet before social self-destruction happens. Stephen William Hawking, stated that humanity, should not have all their eggs in one basket..

    • @LucasDimoveo
      @LucasDimoveo 4 роки тому +2

      @@marlonlacert8133 While I agree, I think that more resources should go into figuring out how to augment humans for zero G living

    • @marlonlacert8133
      @marlonlacert8133 4 роки тому +5

      @@LucasDimoveo Simple: The human bones need impact vibrations to augment growth direction of cells.. Supper simple to use directional sub sonic vibrations installed in cloths to aid bone growth..
      Such could also cure bone lose in older people.. As they do not walk near enough, to generate needed vibrations..
      See problem solved! So what is next?

    • @Archgeek0
      @Archgeek0 4 роки тому +2

      We need a solar wind defense solution first. Restart the core somehow? Set up our own magnetic shield for the planet? Not sure, but if we don't do something, we'll lose that shiny new atmosphere in a matter of centuries or less.

  • @RCAvhstape
    @RCAvhstape 4 роки тому +1

    So, then, if glassing over a planet with nukes is a good way to terraform it, that's basically a poor man's Genesis Device, without the finesse and speed of Carol Marcus, right?

  • @MrMonkeybat
    @MrMonkeybat 4 роки тому +1

    5:33 but isn't land made from volcanic ash considered highly fertile? Volcanic ash is just sterile pulverised rock.

  • @mikesmith1290
    @mikesmith1290 4 роки тому

    What!! An arthurdsay on Sunday? Sweet!

  • @davidroddini1512
    @davidroddini1512 4 роки тому

    21:11 mentions Springtime on Mars, Winter on Venus and Summer on Jupiter. Why not something like Autumn on Mercury?

  • @AxeLea3
    @AxeLea3 4 роки тому +1

    Putting a magnetic shield at L1 would Not protect from radiation from Other sources like cosmic Rays though

  • @Megalevel95
    @Megalevel95 4 роки тому

    I think IA is understating the importance of deep ocean ecology and also its effect on global climate... You can't just have shallow oceans and expect them to behave in the same way as a deep ocean. It's a HUGE store of energy...

  • @Peoples_Republic_of_Cotati
    @Peoples_Republic_of_Cotati 4 роки тому

    if we are going to add cometary water and nitrogen I would suggest using a clean nuke inside them just before impact to spread the energy and mass around. this is to avoid disturbing deep volcanic chambers...which may eventually be disturbed in the long run, but might be manageable with geothermal energy drilling.
    Probably best to just dome over Mars instead, and build Orbitals with the difference of material.

  • @ajm2872
    @ajm2872 4 роки тому +1

    You've heard of Christmas in July, NOW try Thursday on Sunday!!!

  • @72APTU72E
    @72APTU72E 4 роки тому

    A sunday vid, you spoil us!

  • @hmxr7153
    @hmxr7153 4 роки тому +11

    One will need a lot of ice asteroids to crash into the targeted world.

    • @skipperofschool8325
      @skipperofschool8325 4 роки тому +1

      which one?

    • @randomguy4167
      @randomguy4167 4 роки тому

      It’s a good thing they aren’t hard to find,our biggest issue is dealing with the fact our ships are mind-numbingly slow,once we deal with that,so much will just fall into place.

    • @hmxr7153
      @hmxr7153 4 роки тому

      @@skipperofschool8325 the closest one for starters.

  • @kevincrady2831
    @kevincrady2831 4 роки тому

    One of those Lagrange point magnetic shields might not be such a bad idea for Earth, either, as a way to make sure we don't get EMP'd to the Steampunk era by a Carrington Event.

  • @leviathan6326
    @leviathan6326 4 роки тому +1

    If you had a particle accelerator around a star, you could make meggatons osmium and gold for pretty cheap. Just saying

  • @josebenedith3321
    @josebenedith3321 4 роки тому

    Hello, Is there a list to start viewing the videos? I am interested byt I get confused where to start, Thanks