Kaboom in the Operating Room 💥 patients catching on fire in surgery
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- Опубліковано 28 чер 2024
- #surgery #fire #anesthesia
Can patients explode under anesthesia? Can you prevent this from happening to you?
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In this educational video, we delve into the unexpected but critical topic of Operating Room Fires, a scenario that's fortunately rare yet demands urgent attention due to its potential implications for patient safety. Despite the rarity, it's crucial for medical professionals to understand the sources, history, and the swift response required to handle such situations.
Operating room fires can originate from several sources, and in this video, we discuss them in detail. One major source is during ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) surgery, where lasers are often used close to the airway. In this high oxygen concentration environment, a spark can ignite a fire, leading to disastrous consequences. We explore how anesthesiologists and surgeons navigate this delicate balance between providing sufficient oxygen for patient survival and minimizing the risk of fire.
We also delve into the intriguing history of flammable anesthetics. Anesthetics such as ether and nitrous oxide, while instrumental in pain management during surgery, were highly flammable. We provide a riveting account of how early anesthesiologists handled these volatile substances, ensuring patient comfort while keeping the surgical environment safe. You'll learn how advances in anesthetic drugs have dramatically reduced this risk, but how the principles of fire safety still remain critically important.
Another potential fire source we uncover is bowel gases, including hydrogen. These gases, while typically harmless, can become flammable under certain circumstances. Our experts discuss the precautions taken to prevent any accidental ignition, especially during gastrointestinal surgeries.
Furthermore, we talk about the role of flammable alcohol-based cleaning agents applied on the skin. While these agents are vital for maintaining surgical sterility, they also carry an inherent fire risk. We discuss best practices for their application and drying, mitigating the risk of fire while maintaining the integrity of the sterile field.
Most importantly, we delve into the heroic and swift actions anesthesiologists take to put out these fires, ensuring patient safety. From promptly recognizing the signs of a fire, to swiftly cutting off the oxygen supply and smothering any flames, these actions are often the difference between a minor incident and a major catastrophe.
Despite the seriousness of the subject, it's reassuring to remember that such events are exceedingly rare. This is largely due to the strict adherence to safety protocols and the vigilance of the surgical team. Nevertheless, understanding the risks and responses to operating room fires is a crucial part of medical training and practice.
Join us in this enlightening journey as we illuminate the unseen corners of operating room safety. Whether you're a medical professional looking to brush up on your knowledge, or just curious about what goes on behind the scenes in an operating room, this video provides a comprehensive and engaging look into a rarely discussed but essential aspect of surgical safety. Please remember to like, share, and subscribe for more such insightful content.
This video/speech/channel DOES NOT CONSTITUTE MEDICAL ADVICE. Patients with medical concerns should contact their physician. If your concern is an emergency, immediately call 911. This information is not a recommendation for ANY THERAPY. Some substances referenced in this content may be illegal, and this content is not a recommendation for, or endorsement of, their use in any way.
References:
pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7880680/
All the things you need to know as an anesthesiologist is mind blowing. Blessed for anesthesiologists in this world!🙏🏼
It's a job like any other....the mechanic working on your car has to know a lot in order to figure out what is going on, too. An attorney has to memorize a ridiculous amount of laws for their state and be able to quote a lot of them word for word. In the medial field, I expect them to have to learn all of that even more.
Let’s start out with this, don’t disrespect me, because what I say doesn’t “resonate” with you. Secondly, Anesthesiologists can’t compare to teachers or mechanics.😂
@@heidi5462you're so right. They aren't dealing with anything live. If you wanna know who I think has to learn vast amounts of knowledge in the medical field, it is Veterinarians. They don't just work on one species, They work on birds, reptiles, sometimes dolphins or Manta Rays, all sorts so I respect all doctors in the medical field.
so, how is the “fire”. put out?
@@heidi5462How the heck do you twist a person engaging in a discussion with you as disrespect? Just because the perspective jmr1068204 expressed did not resonate with you? That's a two way street.
It's absolutely crazy how people twist such things as disrespect, or aggression just because they don't agree 100% with the OG commenter. Chill out & stop taking everything as a personal attack. If you, or others don't wish to engage in a discussion, try this radical thing, don't post a public comment. Posting a public comment opens yourself up to replies. Many of which may or may not be in agreement with your original comment. It's not disrespect or a personal attack. 😂 Crazy over sensitivity in the world today.
I happen to agree with jmr*. Many professionals have to learn a great deal of information with an equal level of understanding. A lawyer who does not can end up killing a client who may be facing the possibility of the death penalty, or loss of thier freedom for the remainder of thier natural life. With the very real risk of rape, great physical harm, or murder on a regular basis for the remainder of thier natural life. A mechanic who doesn't learn a vast amount of information with an equal level of understanding puts thier clients lives at great risk. Think about the great amount of faith you are putting in you mechanic the next time you drive away after having your breaks serviced.
Hopefully you can see that this is not disrespect, or a personal attack. Just the expression of my perspective on the topic.
This is an example of how our society tends to denigrate & under value professions that don't fit into the traditional white collar professions that require a university degree. Even though that profession can be mastered without that degree via an apprenticeship program. Interestingly, the UK is working on returning to the apprenticeship program for thier nurses & certain other healthcare professionals, or at least allowing it as an optional method of licensure.
They found that they lost access to very capable individuals, and diversity of thought when they switched to the professional track only (university degree for licensure). The loss of diversity of thought has led to an increase in medical errors, and the repeating of these errors.
That’s pretty wild! I never imagined fire could happen during surgery. I mean, it’s just not something most people think about😮
It’s amazing the amount of trust given to an anesthesiologist! 😊
I wasn't allowed to wear my own grippy socks or underwear, because they told me the elastic could catch fire
@recoveringsoul755 yes I was also told no elastic knickers!
Fascinating talk. Don't think I had ever paid much mind to combustibles in the modern OR. Thank you.
In 2020 at Arizona, a certified registered nurse anesthetist (not a doctor) actually killed someone by setting the patient's mouth on fire at a dental office while administering oxygen with laser dental treatment.
The quiet but oh so important doctor behind the scenes.
First, I appreciate the information you share. Second, I’ve had several surgeries, and have experienced usually a 5-10 minutes where the anesthesiologist popped his head in, telling me who he was and that was it. And, yes, I would have felt much better if I’d had a real conversation with him.
Surgery is an amazing tool for healing our bodies. I had 7 surgeries and each one (although painful) was such an adventure into a side of medicine I rarely get to see.
GREAT JOB DOC ❤
PLEASE DON'T STOP.
You do a good job explaining this stuff to the layman.
I love how casually you said “sometimes did cause an explosion within the patient” 🤣 I know it’s a seriously dangerous matter but the way you said it cracked me up
Very interesting to know. Thank you.
I’ve had a lot of surgeries and never knew this. There was one surgery about 12 years ago that,when I woke up there was a burn with several blisters on my right arm. The surgical staff was at a loss as to how it happened . The surgeon himself went back and did his own investing the o.r. I was in. It turned out the the ‘latex free’ wrap did in fact have latex in it. I’m very allergic to latex. So glad he figured it out,and no I didn’t file a complaint as it was not intentional.
I do remember as a child 3 surgeries where they put me to sleep with the ether. Hated the smell and taste of it.
Every once in a great while I will suddenly smell ether. Ufff.
I haven't worked in 9 years, but it was getting like more and more medical supplies were manufactured as latex-free. When I first began working, most supplies had latex. It was a pain to get a patient with a latex allergy. Around the year 2000, our OR stopped stocking gloves (clean and sterile) that had latex. It was a great experience to just pick up whatever dressings were required and not have to read the entire wrapping looking for the word latex! I hope you won't have any more problems with this issue!
Love all this info, very impressive and complex science. I hope I never have a "kaboom under the drape"! Thank you for all the explanations. Love your videos.
I heard a story about a soldier who had trauma surgery after an explosion. He "caught fire" and I had the hardest time undestanding how that happened or how he lived. This answered some of those questions. Very interesting. Thanks.
Imagine the precautions we had to take in a large animal surgical suite in the late 70s! It was but one challenge as hydraulic tables were just getting affordable outside of academia. Huge endotracheal tubes, no propofol yet. I was blessed as a HS student to work at such. Made nursing school a snap!
Fantastic video. I had no idea.
Have you ever been in that kind of situation where a patient caught on fire???
I have! I was an OR RN and I had 1 one time during my 16 year career!
@@ccoop3774 Holy Crap now one more thing I have to worry about! Now I am going to be thinking about it...
@@lindadove8298 Hey, I worked back there and it's not something I think about whenever I'm having surgery! It is a rare event.
This is a very rare event. The Doctor AND the Anesthesiologist are VERY prepared for this. My last spinal surgery, I was prepared and everything was great. Stop eating before they tell you, and no alcoholic beverages for at least a week before your surgery. Don't even use alcohol on your skin, for a few days before, either. Nothing flammable.
@@blondebobbi4505 Right, I have had over 62 surgeries since birth, unfortunately, and the hospital and OR are like my second; of course, it is not of my choosing, but it is life. It was just shocking to hear that this other thing can happen even though it is rare. It is still good information to know because you know the surgeon and the anesthesiologist would never tell this!!!! That's why they keep so hush-hush. But I am nosey and ask many questions every time! Because what to know what is going to happen from A-Z. But we know they won't tell you everything because then no one will want surgery! lol
Wow, very informative. I had no idea the patient cold catch on fire! I've had so many serious surgeries and no one has ever told me that.😁
Me too. I'm glad I didn't know😃
I have learnt so much from this man.He explains it so simply. And he is handsome. Thanks mate from Australia. Victoria.
This has me sooo scared. Never heard of this happening 😢
I'd bet more people would obey strict npo if they knew a risk is blowing up during surgery lol
Thank you so much for this!!! I had polyps removed from my throat last year. Just before they took me back for the procedure the anesthesiologist came up to me and asked me to sign a piece of paper. Said there’s a possibility my throat could catch fire so I need to sign this stating I’m aware of this!!! 😳. I was horrified!! My daughter was with me. She said you wait until you’re ready to take her back and just say ohhh by the way you might catch of fire, sign this so we can hurry up and get you done!! I was in total panic mode then. He just said. It’s not common but we have to tell you it is a possibility. I can only imagine my conversation when I was going under!!!
This is so interesting! I love learning about the unknown!
Just found your channel and I really like it. I have a little knowledge of medicine because I've been sick for 10 years and have 4 autoimmune conditions, in order of me getting them starting at 15, Crohn's disease, Uveitis, Encephalitis, and they took a brain sample after my 6th of 7 seizures in the past year in a half and found CNS Vasculitis. Obviously the seizure disorder is the worst, but my Crohn's was so bad early on I had to do my senior year of high school at home and I lost 40 lbs in like 3 months. But I got my college degree, have worked like 4 jobs, play 4 instruments, and am in a band. I need to remind myself I'm doing well for myself.
Very interesting doctor! Thank you! 😊
Sure glad I didn't know this BEFORE my surgery!!!
Interesting, you are gifted not only in your profession but at explaining the procedures and you do it so peciently . GOD bless you 🙏
Wow! I was never worried before and now I am!!!
Oh no! I don't want to cause worry, but confidence that your doctor's train for all sorts of possibilities, including these very rare ones
This was an awesome video. Great job thank you for all that you do.
Thank you for the kind comment! I hope you learned something new and feel empowered to advocate for your health 🙏
@@MedicalSecrets yes absolutely 💯 🙌 👏 👌
@@MedicalSecrets Writing here because is your most recent video, unrelated topic but relevant I think.
Actually I do think that ptsd is caused by the JC virus triggering the 5ht2a receptors. Thats why serotonin releasing agents, agonists of the 5ht2a and antagonists of it are very effective. High stress will deplete serotonin, and and the competitive affinity of the virus will make it bind to the receptor, due serotonin depletion. This creates thought loops and stress that can be diagnosed as ptsd. The same way that the 5ht2a agonists can create thought loops. what do you think? Maybe pure antagonists of the 5ht2a receptors without being agonist at any receptor, like mitrazapine or cyproheptadine might be the ideal solution to this sindrome? Maybe because K agonizes this receptor( and displaced the virus from its place via competitive affinity) wiith but does not stimulate any other is that because it is such a good thing? Serotonergic receptor stimulation for way too much time might deplete serotonin. Maybe because after stimulating massively 5ht2a receptors with mmvsshiezz these (the receptors) close for 2 weeks thats why it is so effective? You dont have to have multifocal leukoencefalopathy to have a mild jc virus infection, specially when most of the population was infected at some point and at battlefield conditions eventual and transitory inmunosupression is likely to occur, and this makes it to migrate to the nerves and trigger them. Idk my opinion, insight and 2 cents. What do you think doc?
This was a fire episode. Thanks for sharing. 😊
I knew all this and instantly forgot it when I had surgery yesterday. All I remember is saying, "See yas later," and putting the sheet over my head. The anesthesia certainly relaxed me. Getting out of the car at home I heard or felt nine discs pop. That made the surgery worth it right then.
I have been studying and following incidents of spontaneous human combustion. What you have explained about a person needing to refrain from chemicals, food and alcohol makes so much sense and could hold the key to what I have felt has been an overlooked obvious answer to predisposing people to this rare, but real phenomenon. I have taken notice that many people found either dead or just having something like an arm spontaneously combusting must come from a lethal internal mix of their bodies own gases, possible alcohol consumption and smoking or sitting next to a burning fire. Several people are older and likely to be on a drug that increases these flammable gases and ignition sources are within us such as static electricity in dry air on winter days ex. Approximately 5 years ago a man was found to have spontaneously combusted in Germany I believe in the early hours of the morning as he sat alone on a bench in a childs playground. Too many of the wrong people have raised awareness of this with no scientific data being offered. I honestly believe that you have the ability to prove out a scientific methodology to explain these points in a person going about their lives. I feel if risks were added to medication warning of the very rare possibility of combustion if taken with alcohol, while smoking or if they become constipated to seek immediate assistance, this could save a life no matter how small the risk...Saving even 1 life is worth just doing a little research into this little known occurance. Thank you again for allowing me to ramble my mad science in your direction. I just have to add that it would be amazing to be the person who discovered what SHC actually is.
Very very interesting. I think you're onto something
I am glad this is getting more attention. In my youth (born in 1955), it was not believed. My 1st case I read about was in a collection from Edward Casey. After my education in Chemistry, I predicted it involved a catalyst and static electricity. An ER physician proved me correct.
I need a hysterectomy soon, so im trying to learn everything i can about this stuff. Never had surgery so im clueless.. thank you for all your videos and sharing your knowledge ❤
Ignorance is bliss
I had a hysterectomy around 10 years ago. No scars because now they dont have to open you up for the hysterectomy. (I had a full one so they took everything lol) Pretty sore for awhile but no complications. Hysterectomy is pretty common surgery these days if that helps you? I've had several surgeries and it's normal to be a little nervous but you'll be ok.
Never really heard if this, BUT this SCARY, might not ever want to have a surgery
People have spontaneously combusted before. It's extremely rare but people have electricity and a lot of natural chemicals in our bodies
It is frightening that a patient in a medically induced coma can catch fire during an operation 😟How often does this happen and the consequences for the patient must be devastating .Is it possible to survive something like that ,an internal explosion ?
I'll never forget having my tonsils out in the 50's with Ether. I was so sick when I woke up. Thank goodness it isn't used any longer. Wouldn't want to explode.
I get it. Surgery is now way safer. But this scared the hell out of me.
After 15 surgery’s in the past 22 years I thank God nothing happened🙏❤️👍🏻 getting ready for yet another surgery
Right knee revision of lower failed replacement I will have total faith all will be fine…. As always thank you!!
I think this was the best video I've seen so far! So interesting. When you talked at the end about the fire and practicing for it, turning off the Oxygen etc., it reminded me of my husband's pilot training. They train over and over again for emergencies that rarely happen but what to do is ingrained in them. Well done!
Omg! Remind me not to eat beans a week before surgery 😂
Not only beans but green veggies also get me gassy and sometimes cheese.
I just had a 20 mm kidney stone removed on Friday. So I was under anesthesia for that. I had watched a few of your videos in prepping for it. I also read an article that recommended washing hair the morning of surgery to remove any hairspray etc and not putting any products in it afterwards, as they may be flammable. So when this video showed up on my YT homepage it caught my attention. Very interesting.
I hope you felt prepared for your surgery 🙏 How did the rest of your recovery go?
@@MedicalSecrets Thank you, I did feel prepared. My recovery is going well. My stent will be removed in 3 weeks. I had not been under general anesthesia since 1982 when I miscarried and needed a D and C. I am 67 years old now and live in Poland. The level of care I received was excellent. The only problem was when the anesthesiologist attempted to insert the breathing tube, she couldn’t because of the location of my larynx. They could use only the mask. She said on the difficulty scale of 1 to 4 it was a 3. She also said that I should mention this to the doctors if I ever have any surgeries in the future so they can be prepared for it. She said it was obvious I followed the pre-procedure instructions well, because there were no complications using just the mask for my procedure. Because of not being able to fit the tube in my throat, my throat is sore and swollen but getting better everyday. My original doctor for the procedure is head of urology at this hospital. He is close to my age. A week out from my procedure he phoned me to say he had to assign another doctor to me because he himself was going to be in the hospital for his spine. I looked up reviews for the new doctor. He was young but trained at the oldest university here in Poland where Copernicus studied, Jagiellonian University. He received excellent reviews, as had my first doctor. One friend commented after seeing his photo "Oh, he is good looking. You’ll be fine."😂 I, and all my friends who I shared that comment with, had a good laugh. But then I remembered your video about personality types and what they say coming out of anesthesia. I told my friends I will be so embarassed if I make some comment about how young and cute he is.😅 Your videos were very helpful, informative and so interesting to watch before my procedure.Thank you for making them. I will continue to watch them because they are so interesting.
Yes surgery is bad enough please no fire! Lol 🤦♂️
Mmm really looking forwards to my laser throat surgery now
Dr, I have so much respect for you and the wealth of knowledge you share with us!! So much I am learning. I’m a new subscriber (6/23). You are genuinely kind and compassionate ~ rare and so appreciated in today’s society. Thank you for doing a Stupendous job 👏 and educating us all❤❤❤❤
Well,I feel much better now!!! 😂🥺😳
What Happened to the Patients, that went boom?
Thank you for your careful articulation of the processes and medical explanations. They really help laymen like myself to get the full sense of the subject.
Thank you so much Doctor🙏 Thank you for your hard work and dedication.
Wow 😲!!!! Who knew!!! So glad you do... and thanks for sharing!
Thank you for the kind comments! 🙏 Yes, we train very hard to help minimize these risks, especially for elective surgery!
I'll back you, Doc. I worked in a hospital OR for 16 years. I saw 1 during that time. It was from an error by the PA. A sponge began to burn when the bovie was fired up. There was no harm at all to the patient. Each facility will have policies that we're tested on yearly.
Thanks so much! This was so educational.
Thank you for producing these segments...
Wow, that's wild. Glad checklists are becoming more common in medicine and the O.R.; turn off the O2 before removing the endorsement tube!
Dude, this is the BEST channel on UA-cam.
THANK YOU!
Holy cow, this is scary stuff!! I have vocal chord surgery but I was conscious the whole time.
Oh my, this was a heavy one ...!
Your videos are so interesting! Love watching them, Thank you.
Thank you Doctor
Dr.K Wow I sure didn’t know this could happen. I trust my Drs. I know anything could happen.
So glad i didn't know about this before i went in for surgery.
We have confidence, thank you Doctor
Spontaneous combustion is very real
Wow! Isn't the human body amazing!!!
A few years back, our hospital OR switched prepping solutions. We began counting 30 seconds for the skin prep to dry before placing drapes on the patient. We used to use betadine. Studies had found that betadine wasn't the best solution to use. It was drying to the skin, causing skin irritation. It also had a high alcohol content. Chloraprep was the better choice. It had a lower alcohol content. It had a higher microbial content. It was less irritating to the skin.
As an OR RN, the OR dept. had our own policies and procedures for fire. Each suite has its own oxygen line running into the room. We had to cut that. We were recertified yearly.
I've never been told about a fire in the OR! That really scares me. I'll be sure to talk to the Dr. A😮bout that before my surgery!! Wow Wow Wow! 😮
Wow. I thought the only reason not to eat before surgery was to cut down on nausea from anesthesia. Apparently not. Who knew anesthesiologists are also volunteer firefighters? Very interesting.
Hello Dr Kaveh! Hows it going? Wow! So interesting, thanks so much!
Thank you for sharing this information very helpful 🙏🙏❤❤
Fascinating, thanks Dr.
This is truly fascinating material! I would rather know more about a procedure than less and I want to thank you as I appreciate the information you are sharing. I hope ypu have a lovely evening.
This has to be the COOLEST CHANNEL ON YT!!!!!! Thank you so much for sharing your career and experiences with us. Im so grateful. ❤️❤️
Just think out loud: 🤔 Makes me wonder, when I had my ‘96 Pontiac Sunfire car back in the day, every now and then when I would put gas in my car, I would get a shock when I was done fueling going back in my car. I wonder if my body had to much gas inside that I would be in risk of fire right there at the gas station? But I’m not a smoker or didn’t drink alcohol at that time, But did work in a company that manufactured hospital mask kits, Oxygen tubings and cannulas and we worked with a lot of solvent during that time, thankfully have never had to go under a surgery, I wonder if that would have made any of my former coworkers have a greater risk of fire if they needed a surgery.
Great video Doc!
Enjoying your content. I only recently discovered it and am learning all kinds of things I had no idea I was interested in learning about. 👍
Thank you for sharing this. This is definitely making me re-think where I will be having an upcoming surgery. I’ve always been focused on trusting the surgeon even when I didn’t fully trust the anesthesiologist.
Say what?! And I have surgery scheduled for the end of May. 😬😵💫 Wow!
Thank you fir these vdeos! Patients have a rigt know this!
Your videos are very interesting. Learning things I never knew. 😊
Hi Dr. Anthony what a fantastic video! I have a question? Do anesthesiologists practice for emergencies in simulators, the same way airline pilots do?
I remember when they used it on me back in the late sixties. I will never forget the smell and the black rubber mask. I remember holding my breath while they are yelling ,breath, breath. Good times!
“It makes that very satisfying, snapping sound.”😅😂❤
A nerd is a nerd is a nerd is a nerd AND we just love them for it!!!
Thanks!
Thank you! 🙏
that was interesting. Thank you Dr
Wow all if this learns me alot about being a doctor and learning about surgery thanks doc !! 👦
Flaming Nora!! Who would have known?! Thanks, Doc... I think.
Oh my gosh Dr Kaveh ,I never even heard of this . Thank you soo much for the information. G.B
People have spontaneously combusted
Thank you dr. You are the best
I had emergency operation in January this yr. (2023) long time 2 heal now. I'm STILL HERE thankfully. I likrd this topic.
Never seen a window in a surgical suite before ? Seems like no privacy.
Most of the time surgical rooms are upstairs. Much like this one appears to be
I believe he said in another video that it was some type of privacy glass. They could see out but no one could see in.
@@tredeitsch that makes sense.
I remember when the OR had those big tanks of O2 and other gasses. When I was working on pulse-ox and other monitors, we had to thru a 'class' on fire risk.
Then they fired up the bovie knife and as a EE, I gotta admit being a little nervous. Then the odors took over my mental focus.
I just remembered stories of ether being used to perform an emergency apendectomy in a submerged submarine in WW2. Using a sieve and a cloth while operating on the galley table. Sub crews did not have a Dr., but rather, a pharmacist who had to deal with basic(ish) first-aid. Can only imagine.
This channel is very beneficial to many as it motivates as well as informs much about health
On an episode of the TV show The Knick, a character caught fire during surgery. It was a pretty gruesome scene.
Wow, omg, safety first!
Indeed!
Making me nervous af waving around that trach tube in my face!
Ty so good ❤
Absolutely fascinating! The things I learn here! :D
I’m glad I’m allergic to most of those meds, that he just mentioned!
I did not even know that could happen !!😮
thank you
I have been watching your videos. I was able to have spine surgery last week with decreased stress after watching your videos. Thank you.!!..I am sure my surgeon was happy that i was less stressed. ❤❤🎉
So, which Class of Fire Extinguisher should you use? (A,B,C,D, or K)
I am not sure I needed to know about fires during surgery. 😮
the forbidden orange tank tho...
That's it! No surgery, no more doctors or therapy for me. I'm going back to the Bars I grew up in and get drunk like when I was healthy and nothing ever hurt... But the hangover the next day...
Love your videos! Can you make a video or a live on going into detail on what happens to the diaphragm when a patient undergoes surgery and receive anesthetics and how it can effect the breathing pattern? :)
Hey Anthony, what’s going on brother I see you’re doing well. Love your channel brother keep it up.
I had triple surgery just 7 weeks ago. I never had surgery before so I was clueless about many things. If I knew about this, I would never had surgery. Too scary and I was nerve-racked as it is.