Muslim Vikings and Magic Letters: the odd history of Runes pt 1
Вставка
- Опубліковано 9 лют 2025
- Pillaging Vikings, huge runestones, protective amulets... Discover the linguistics behind the Norse Runes!
Meet the Elder Futhark and the Younger Futhark. See how the Norse used them. Learn why the Germanic runemasters were very different from the "book and ink club" writing in medieval languages like Arabic and Latin.
This is part 1 of a collaboration with The Endless Knot. Part 2 reveals the history behind the word "rune" and some surprising ways runes are relevant to English:
• Guns, Thorns, & Smartp...
CORRECTIONS / ADDITIONS
"ALU" coin inscription originally L-R before pressed. Thanks to multiple commenters and a tweeter for mentioning.
CREDITS
Art and animation by Josh from NativLang.
The Endless Knot logo used with permission from Alliterative.
Old Norse runestones and translations based on Rundata (Samnordisk runtextdatabas).
Music by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com):
Big Mojo
Our Story Begins
The Path of the Goblin King v2
Rites
Mystic Force
Images and sfx:
docs.google.co...
I'm Icelandic, and I understood completely every sentence of the runic inscriptions.
Me too. I'm danish.
I understood completely, and I'm american
Dane here and I could read it.
I understood it completely, and I'm a rabbit
Icelandic is the closest to Old Norse because of cultural isolation. Well, after the booting and/or absorption of the Irish anyway.
'Harja' actually means a hairbrush in Finnish.
That actually came up in the research. Apparently the old form started with an 's' though?
+NativLang Finnish is surprisingly ancient with words like Kuningas
Oh yes! This example has intrigued me since the day I heard it in my first historical linguistics class.
***** You should do a video on Finnish, please do it. :p (huge fan)
Maybe. If I can do it justice, I'll remember you asked for it!
Hi NativeLang, the Arabic "Madjus" means pagans in plural form. The singular is "Madjusi". It means, particularly, fire worshipers.
Actually madjus refers specifically to Zoroastrians (of Persia at the time) but the term was sometimes used for non ibrahamic religions
as@@drnostalgia1said it meant the religion of Persians Zoroastrians but then it become a word used for any pagan worshipers
Quite Right, MZ!
@@rolex1231 Etymology of pagan from Latin = country district + villager rustic. Christians used it to mean all non-Christians. Biblical scholars, some of who are non-believers at this time, such as Bart Ehrman, say it is not pejorative. Islamic languages have words for non-Muslims.
Wrong
becoming a cheese-making muslim viking in southern Spain is my life goal now
Cheese-making Muslim sounds easy, but the Viking part, you might face some issues with the local law enforcement/military.
Nooo dooont. Just be a cheese making viking instead.
@@Myownchanelhere out of all these muslim is the only thing I already am
@@artemisjace3782 Oof that sucks
@@Myownchanelhere aw that's not for you to decide ♡
I literally did not know that there were language geeks. I feel like a whole universe has just opened before me.
Welcome to the club.
It's a wonderful universe.
I also got into it a couple of weeks ago and now I'm addicted :D
There is no escape. Now you will never know enough about language.
Welcome to the club. It is an honourable club to be a part of, for sure. 😃
Ð/ð and Þ/þ are still used in Iceland.
and I believe the Faroe Islands
Ð/ð is used in the Faroe Islands, but it is usually silent
Lord Archaeon interesting
It's is also used in Elfdalian, a North Germanic language spoken in Sweden. It was previously thought of as an archaic Swedish dialect.
Elfdalian (Älvdalsmål) is the closest we can get to old Norse since it has been frozen in time and not evolved like Icelandic and Faeroese ... Sadly not many active speakers remain and the race is on to save the language/dialect for the future.
Fun fact (?) , not 100% sure but pretty sure, is that word for "sea" is "blåmåire" (blue mire) since the native area lays inland along a river, with mires, bogs and marshes but no wide open sea...
Dragon Shout learned
Clorox Bleach I'm probably sure the fucking thalmor did this..
trying to make is think hammerfell is some other world (spits) only thing worst them an elf is one that thinks it's true son of skyrim.
the dragon language in skyrim looks more like tibetan than norse
Clorox Bleach I see u everyehere
😂
Dragon language is cuneiform, or ancient Mesopotamian
Vikings, Germans, Russians and so many more Watching these videos makes me see all the old ruins in my own language. We are truly a mixed bag of misfits in Estonia.
I'm Faroese and understood most of the Old Norse sentences. :)
Also, that language tree at 3:02 included Icelandic but left out Faroese. I feel neglected. :(
Lemonz1989 olg i would live to visit the faroe islands One day
and they did include frysian of all things
Yeah, because the Faroe islands are in the middle of the sea and:
a) have the most isolated germanic language
b) have the least loan words
c) are the closest related Old Norse Language
I'm from Iceland myself, we can both understand the ancient language ;)
Iceland is pretty isolated too.
We should bring the rune alphabet back.
ᚢᛁ ᛋᚼᚢᛚᛏ ᛒᛦᛁᚾᚴ ᚦᛁ ᛦᚢᚾ ᚬᛚᚠᛅᛒᛁᛏ ᛒᚬᚴ
King Keegster no phoenician 𐤀 𐤁 𐤂 𐤃 𐤄 𐤅 𐤆 𐤇 𐤈 𐤉 𐤊 𐤋 𐤌 𐤍 𐤎 𐤏 𐤐 𐤑 𐤒 𐤓 𐤔 𐤕
Yus
Not sure how well you could write modern English with it.
You'd just need to either create new runes that stand for missing phonemes or break English down to what comes closest to futhark
Which one? 😂
What a guy ... The appreciation and enthusiasm on language is on another level ... Love the pronounciation detail on each words ... Keep it up ... And thank you for this
Could the 'backwards' runes be a case of a cast metal object reversing them... as in, the maker of the mold didn't think to reverse the text so it would be positive in the cast?
Ya, can sum1 shed some light on this?
I'm pretty confident that is what actually happened. Seems like quite a human mistake to make.
Very Possible, BC; I Have Personally Seen It Done!
That was my first thought too
Written languages that typically run right to left do so because they were originally carved into stone or other hard materials with hammers and chisels. Most humans are right handed so the method worked. Lots of runes have been carved into stone and wood so maybe that is the answer? Although if the right to left runes were found in Al-Andalus, perhaps the carvers had picked up on Arabic right to left or were writing so it was more readable to Arabic readers?
I remember memorizing the runes from a dragon book I read when I was little. I refused to write in english for a weak.
Old comment, I know... but I love that (I assume) misspelling of "for a week." You refused to write in English, for 'tis a language of the weak, unsuited to the Norsemen.
I studied Futhark so hard when I was a kid, that even as an adult I sometimes accidentally switch to runes when writing in all caps.
in middle school i was really into the hobbit and i would write myself secret messages in dwarvish!
>king Bluetooth (at least that’s how he said it)
>Bluetooth symbol looks like a rune
>🤔🤔🤔
The technology was named after him, and the symbol is based on his initials in runes. It's not a coincidence at all.
😂😂😂
Yes his name was Harald Blåtand. The surname translates to Bluetooth. So you have the rune letters H and B in the Bluetooth symbol.
Illuminati Confirmed
L8l i am a swede his name was Harald Blåtand 😂😂🤣 When you call him bluetooth it sounds funny in my swedish ears of my ancestor 😂😂
Wow! I just did a podcast on the Vikings who invaded Spain in 844 and took on the Muslims, were defeated by their Greek fire and then became cheese makers! Thanks for posting this!
Flash Point History was just watching it!!!
For an English speaker, your pronunciation of Old Norse is impressive ! respect..
[oh, and Harja means something like Herr and Heer (warrior) ]
Nice! I long to practice some more. The Icelandic phonology guide I read taught me some tricky nuances that I want to test out.
Muhammad saws war pädophil na und?
.....im ernst?
hast du nicht was besseres zu tun? aluminiumhüte kaufen oder so?
2:55
The vikings invented the fidget spinner
Viktor Andersson that would be latin
Viktor Andersson Actually, Etruscan..
i was like, what the heck. that looks like fidget spinne
@@dew3968 No, Archaic Latin. That's the pot of Duenos.
@@fallenloki3580 Except duenos is not seen as a name anymore, it's the archaic form for bonus
Harja means brush in finnish, it's cool to see this connection!
Finnish harja is a loan from Baltic *šaria- (related to English hair; compare Lithuanian šerys), while the word on the comb is likely Proto-Germanic *harjaz "army; warrior".
Finnish comes from a completely different language family than other Scandanavian languages.
Thentai Yeah, but they were ruled for a long time by Sweden, so they most likely loaned some words.
Corvus Cadaver Yeah yet sweden does not use it
but harja is quite close to hårkam in swedish so there might be some connection there? especially since the runes doubled as a few sounds each :)
Hungarians also have Runes, but they have not Germanic, but Turkic roots. We call rovásírás and the Szekler Hungarians from Transylvania used it on daily basis until the XVII century. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Hungarian_alphabet
Actually it seems that this writing was rediscovered and had a great popularity in the court of the great Hungarian king Matthias I. by the renesans humanists in his court.
When I was 8, my father and I deciphered two rune stones while we were in Sweden. One was in the castle of Gripsholm and the other one not far away from there. Actually, my father did most of the work, especially the translating (his mother tongue is Swedish, so he could translate the Old Norse by deriving the words from Swedish).
It was fun, and the fact that I mastered the Futhark at age 8 shows that runes are not really difficult to learn.^^
The Bluetooth symbol comes from Lord Bluetooth and is still a rune! Really cool.
His brother was Lord WiFi, I assume.
@@honkytonk4465 And their father was Lord Cellular Data I believe.
Yup! Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson was a king of Denmark and Norway. He was the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra Dannebod. Harald ruled as king of Denmark from c. 958 - c. 986. Harald introduced Christianity to Denmark and consolidated his rule over most of Jutland and Zealand. Harald's rule as king of Norway following the assassination of King Harald Greycloak of Norway was more tenuous, most likely lasting for no more than a few years in the 970s. Some sources say his son Sweyn Forkbeard forcibly deposed him from his Danish throne before his death. The Bluetooth wireless specification design was named after the king in 1997, based on an analogy that the technology would unite devices the way Harald Bluetooth united the tribes of Denmark into a single kingdom. The Bluetooth logo consists of a Younger futhark bindrune for his initials, H (ᚼ) and B (ᛒ).
@@honkytonk4465 Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson was a king of Denmark and Norway. He was the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra Dannebod. Harald ruled as king of Denmark from c. 958 - c. 986. Harald introduced Christianity to Denmark and consolidated his rule over most of Jutland and Zealand. Harald's rule as king of Norway following the assassination of King Harald Greycloak of Norway was more tenuous, most likely lasting for no more than a few years in the 970s. Some sources say his son Sweyn Forkbeard forcibly deposed him from his Danish throne before his death. The Bluetooth wireless specification design was named after the king in 1997, based on an analogy that the technology would unite devices the way Harald Bluetooth united the tribes of Denmark into a single kingdom. The Bluetooth logo consists of a Younger futhark bindrune for his initials, H (ᚼ) and B (ᛒ).
@@khatlonzoda Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson was a king of Denmark and Norway. He was the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra Dannebod. Harald ruled as king of Denmark from c. 958 - c. 986. Harald introduced Christianity to Denmark and consolidated his rule over most of Jutland and Zealand. Harald's rule as king of Norway following the assassination of King Harald Greycloak of Norway was more tenuous, most likely lasting for no more than a few years in the 970s. Some sources say his son Sweyn Forkbeard forcibly deposed him from his Danish throne before his death. The Bluetooth wireless specification design was named after the king in 1997, based on an analogy that the technology would unite devices the way Harald Bluetooth united the tribes of Denmark into a single kingdom. The Bluetooth logo consists of a Younger futhark bindrune for his initials, H (ᚼ) and B (ᛒ).
Fun fact: In Finnish, runes are called ”riimut”
(plural; singular is: ”riimu”), which is almost identical to ”riimi” (Finnish for ”rhyme”), and ”rune” is incredibly similar to ”runo” (Finnish for ”poem”). Coincidence? I think not. 😎
Hi, im Joar Röd, a swedish bot who is very impressed with our work. Ofcourse i already know all of that but im really glad you deliver my herritage to the rest of the world
It's pretty cool actually that I could read those runes and understand them.. I didn't think old norse would be that similar to Swedish, but I guess it is then.
Fornnordiska ("Östdialekten") är ju vad vårat språk är uppbyggt på, Så nog är dom lika.
Med lite intresse kan du lära dig det enkelt, Det svåra är ju fornnordiskans baklänges grammatik
Trigger Bee Det visste jag inte. Sjukt coolt.
Jo precis. Den påminner mig lite om latinens "bakvända" grammatik.
Chupen pauzen darten kuzen vcs
Ramon Cemin nossa cara, que engraçado
jeg bare begynner å lære norsken min men jeg kan allerede forstå alt dere skriver på svensk da! Så flott haha
Elder futhark is not just norse, it's more widely germania. The oldest inscription found comes from the Netherlands.
The oldest inscriptions (before 500) found on the Continent are divided into two groups, the area of the North Sea coast and Northern Germany (including parts of the Netherlands) associated with the Saxons and Frisians on one hand (part of the "North Germanic Koine"),[14] and loosely scattered finds from along the Oder to south-eastern Poland, as far as the Carpathian Mountains (e.g. the ring of Pietroassa in Romania), associated with East Germanic tribes. The latter group disappears during the 5th century, the time of contact of the Goths with the Roman Empire and their conversion to Christianity.
In this early period, there is no specifically West Germanic runic tradition. This changes from the early 6th century, and for about one century (520 to 620), an Alamannic "runic province"[15] emerges, with examples on fibulae, weapon parts, and belt buckles. As in the East Germanic case, the use of runes subsides with Christianization, in the case of the Alamanni in the course of the 7th century.
Where in the Netherlands??
I didn't know that! I live in The Netherlands :)
Is a "QWERTY Keyboard" named in a similar way we refer to the "FUTHARK Runes"?
Nice analogy. I think so. The "abjad" (but not "ABC's") seems named the same way.
Also, it's been a while!
*****
Yes it has! Glad to be back in the swing of things. Keep up the great videos, always an interesting topic at hand!
+NativLang Alphabet also has a similar naming mechanic; it being the first two letters alpha + bet(a).
+NativLang And I suppose the abugida too.
Alphabet is from the two first Greek letters Alpha Beta - A and B to you and I.
You guys should do a video on ogham! It's also not part of the book and ink club, and was used much like Germanic runes.
This one was super interesting; keep up the good work! :)
Amazing suggestion - if it makes the cut, your comment will be featured! :D
harja means brush in finnish, so where was the comb found ???
Wasn't Ogham the earliest writing system for Old Irish?
we will learn linguistics mathematics culinary sports science civics medicine philosophy peotry music art history in this situation on school learning will highest priority especially all necessarie living skills in life and all the necessary
historical and scientific wisdom of 12 science mathematics linguistics art music peotry philosophy culinary sports medicine history civics every will use there time to fullest and wisest. All the populace In school will learn with as much intelligence as possible .both cooperation and competition will be accepted. doctors of every kind are welcome to health office and all nationalities of every alliance is welcome hospitality of these acadamy and school.
Book and ink club? Okay, cause neither Ogham nor Futhark were ever written in books?
Runes were actually used in norway (and probably the rest of Scandinavia) way into the late middle ages. It was mostly used by the lower classes for short messages or grafitti. They found (among other things) a bunch of wooden "messenger sticks" during renovations at the hanseatic wharf in Bergen, Norway.
I read and write the medieval futhark fluently . Yay me!
In Hungary some city's names on the table, when you reach the place, are also spelled out in runes-writing to this day.
@@rsyztrk8624 the ancient Hungarian rune writing alphabet called ROVÁSIRÁS is similar to Etruscan as well.
@@rsyztrk8624 literally none of this is true except the last sentence.
@@tettsui255 Please elaborate :)
.o.O.o. Vikings are not descended from hunnic/Turkic tribes as the Hungarians were
@@jungianorigami9975 neither Hungarians
I actually understand what is is written from 5:11. I'm Norwegian
What
Me too. I'm danish.
What does it say?
agent475816 We, or I at least mean the actual latin letters, and he says what it means at the same time they are showing.
Same, I'm german.
3:47 "the writing direction wasn't always left to right"
when casting, what you carve into the mold is reversed when the casting is removed. I'd chalk this up to a small oversight on the part of the goldsmith.
Well done Sherlock !!
Hlewagasti Holtijaz is the most awesome name I've heard.
How about Franz Xaver Josef Graf Conrad von Hötzendorf???
+raisin212k
and hlewagasti is now 2nd place
We're all here from The Great War, I see...
yessir ;)
Or Admiral Tordenskjold (Admiral thundershield) from the Danish royal navy!
I have always been a bit of a language nerd (never to any great lengths unfortunately) and I can't tell you how much these videos stir that history-loving, language-curious part of my soul. Keep it up, dude! These are awesome!
This channel deserves so much more love
I find it fun that when you go into old norse at 5:10, I can very well understand the written text in the latin/icelandic alphabet at the bottom of the screen, when I could understand any of the proto-norse. Really show how much it change at a fairly short time, even though it might have still sounded more similar than it was written. It is still nice that Icelandic has still very similar vocabulary from the time of the vikings.
Question
Did the gold coin had writing back to front intentionally..?
..isn't that just because the cast they poured the gold into had text carved normally therefore making the imprint laterally inverted?
So a mistake on the goldsmiths part?
Sharp question. I can't rule it out myself, but it does fit with other R-L examples like the Kovel spear or the Franks Casket (Anglo-Saxon Futhorc). Even later, runestones have letters that weave every which way!
One striking feature: runes are perfectly flipped when written right-to-left. This symmetry also appears in the "mirror runes".
Oh right, so sometimes it is definitely intentional. Thank you for the fast reply!
Was just about to comment on the same thing. I think there where 2 occupations here, one was a caster/smith and so on an another one was the artist... the caster would now but he never told the artist...
Alexander Wingeskog - There was also the ancient practice of writing the names of the deceased from right-to-left, and, for example, the name of a living King from left-to-right, though there are also examples of ancient scripts being written every direction imaginable, not perfectly consistent, by any means!
The Runic alphabet was most likely developed from the Raetic alphabet, itself a variant of Etruscan and ultimately Greek. The idea is that the script was brought to northern Germany and Jutland by Celtic traders from the Alpine region, who themselves found even less use in an alphabet than Germanic tribesmen. If I'm not mistaken there were only two Celtic inscriptions in proto-Runic found in Austria. Even though the script was likely brought to northern Europe around 100 BCE, it was virtually unused until about 200 CE. It's a mystery how this knowledge was preserved!
That's also howI learned it.....
Gothic, Runic, Arabic, Cyrillic, Roman, Greek, Hebrew, Punic, Cuneiform...Basically some Mediterranean is responsible for every text on the western hemisphere younger than 3009 years.
Lets not forget the fact that Etrusc contains the very word turc in it. Italian historians admit the Latins took over Rome from turcic Etruscans. Runic alphabet has the most similarities to Greec script and Latin.
Do you have any reliable sources on that topic?
To my knowledge it is nonsense..
While Roman empire & Latin was the primary inspiration for our Rune alphabet
@@OmmerSyssel Etruscan runic script was the predessor of both latin and greek letters. Celtics tribes origin are from anatolia (turkey) Runic script found in Germananic lands was said to be over 4000 years old but then people realized there was written a complicated language with a very disctinct grammar (which was old turcic), they said oh no it cant be it must be like 1500 years old.
you see pride and honour is a thing when it comes to history. romans didnt want you and me to know much about Etruscans. They want all the pride to themselves. They ve done a lot to eradicate Etruscan history of Rome. You can see the development of Runic script if you look at Dr. Kazim Mirsan from Central Asia. You clearly see how script went from cave pictogramms to Runic/Latin Alphabet
Also do not forget the Church of Rome ruling all over Europe favouring Latin and Roms version of History eredicating turkic/germanic gods and ultimately their own script replacing it with latin.
I will never get tired of watching your video, Josh.
Thanks to this video I realized our Bluetooth symbol is actually a rune!!! Thanksssss I love your videos!
yea actually it was named after the King, Harald Bluetooth, its pretty interesting
Really good videos you're making! Thank you and keep doing your thing :D
damn.... He knows a lot, he spells runes like a true viking... He knooooooows..... daimn. also pronunced Sevilla as Seviya.... Like a true spanish, like El greco
Who was Greek, by the way
Nice work! Some of them are looking very similar to the turkic runes. Could you make a video about the turkic runes?
Im just watching this but bro literally came from north pole to istanbul and typed "halfdan was here"
It's striking how close the young futhark inscriptions are to the modern day nordic languages.
Love that the language tree is in Swedish
What do you do for a living? Your pronounciation is almost perfect in so many languages!
BTW, I smashed that subscribe button!
Blessed are the cheesemakers.
Fun fact, icelandic is pretty much old norse almost unaltered, give a text in old norse to an Icelandic speaker and he'll probably understand it with little to no problems
Exactly. just like Old Slavic and Russian/Ukrainian/Serbian etc..it's barely changed
I love your channel! So much learning! It's giving me lots of ideas for coming up with fantasy languages for my novel.
what's funny at 3:08 is that "harja" indeed refers to a hairbrush in Finnish (which is not a Germanic language but that grabbed much of its vocabulary)... Coincidence?
If i'm not wrong, Harja came from the baltics to Finnic languages, and the brush was probably written in norse because the Finnic peoples did trade with the Norse
I was always taught that the Vikings were illiterate. Boy were they wrong!
They didn't really have a reason to write things down. The vikings weren't as keen on thinking about the future like the Muslims were, Vikings were more practical to say the least.
The runes are descended from or closely related to the Italic alphabet, which has its roots in the east, so that makes sense.
What do you mean? Is planning for winter, sea voyages, trading expeditions, warring and politicking across Europe and the Near East not thinking about the future?
sleepyleep i think he means passing things on to the next generation or something, like books, there are very few if not even any ancient germanic books
Probably a lot was burned during the christening..
Love the episode!! I look forward to these more than game of thrones haha
I have an Icelandic friend who I use to chat with. I write to him in Norwegian and he writes to me in Icelandic. I can understand most of it if I consentrate as lot of words I recognize in my own language, just written differently. He understands me quite well because they are forced to learn Danish in school (which many of them hate - no surprise there) and Danish is very similar to my language in a written form.
Dane here, I had a teacher named Halfdan in university. It's just an old Danish name. That graffiti probably just says "Halvdan was here" or some crap to that effect, and I'd love it if that's true!
2:56Oh no, even the Vikings predicted the fall of humanity with the fidget spinner!
I've watched this video dozens of times and I still find it weird that harja meaning a comb in Finnish pops up here.
3:48 I think I was always left to right, but making the clay mold the artisan proabity forgot to make the mirroring of the runes to get the original non-mirored ^_^
i respect how much effort you put on making the videos good luck man
Of course we know the origin of the Runes just read Hávamál 138-162. The story of Odinn's sacrifice is probably a shamen practice or ritual whereby a shamen (maybe a historical Odinn) went through an ordeal where he had "images" of the runes and their properties or powers. The first use of the runes may have been solely for healing, cursing, protection and other "magical" uses.
Some argue that Danish Horn which known as the Gallehus horn is actually Proto-Anglic.
Denmark was started by Dan and Angel. Angel went west and some 100-200 years later the Saxons or people from Sachsen(now in Germany) moved there and that started what we know as Anglo-Saxons. Also Scotland has it's name because of a Dane named Skotte if you are to believe Saxo Grammaticus.
ChaosToRule Okay, but who's Dan? The dude from the King Ypper tales?
No, the one from Gesta Danorum.
ChaosToRule Well, the historical accuracy of these stories can be debated. I mean, sure they offer some sort of historical value, but aren't they mostly legends? Fiction? It doesn't really make sense to me... Historians used to believe the Sagas were historically accurate as well.
Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus is valuable history though everything written about pre-christian Denmark should not be taken word for word. But it is the closest we get to a full history of our people in Scandinavia. But written after the so called viking age. Though Saxo might have taken some liberties he still recorded the story of the Danes, then we as readers and history amateurs have to sift through the bias ourselves and research other sources. But this is a vast area of knowledge and even historians from different countries fight about what is true and what is legend and myth.
3:02 That’s Swedish! I live in Sweden and I find this very interesting, fascinating, although I am not a Viking. Thank you very much, +NativeLang, for making this video.
‘_Gunni ræisti stæin þannsi at Ragna, son sin doðan, i veg varð dauðr vestr._’
‘_Runar rist let Ragnvaldr. Var a Grikklandi, vas liðs forungi._’
‘_Inga ræisti stæin þannsi at Olæif...Hann australa arði barði ok a Langbarðalandi andaðis._’
‘_Vefastr let ræisa stæin þenna upp at Guðmund, broður sinn. Hann vað dauðr a Særklandi. Guð hjalpi and hans._’
Very interesting, since I speak Swedish I recognize many words of North Germanic origin or at least that are the same know as they were then. Almost everyone of these words has a modern Swedish equivalent of the same decent. To me, it sounds exactly like Icelandic, with the exception of a weird grammatical syntax. I have read on _Nationalencyklopedin_ (the Swedish national encyklopædia) and Swedish _Wikipedia_ that Icelandic is very similar if not practically the same as old Norse. Icelanders, what do you think? Would you consider this Icelandic? Can you understand this text? How would you translate these sentences to (modern) Icelandic and how similar would the translations be?
This is very close to modern Icelandic. Even though we have been relatively isolated our language has evolved, more today than ever due to the digital age but that's another story. This text is easily understandable by most Icelanders although no one really speaks or writes that way anymore (Similarly to how no Englishman speaks or writes like Shakespeare). Icelanders can read the sagas from the 10th and 11th century with ease, which we do as kids in elementary school.
A modern 'translation' would be:
Gunni reisti þennan stein fyrir Ragnar, son sinn sem dó í vestri.
Rúnar ristir að Ragnvaldur lést. Var á Grikklandi, var liðsforingi.
Inga reisti þennan stein fyrir Ólaf. Hann var á austurleið og á Langbarðalandi andaðist.
Véfastur lét reisa þennan stein fyrir Guðmund, bróður sinn. Hann dó á Særklandi. Guð hjálpi anda hans.
As you can see, it's more or less the same. Reading Old West Norse is easy for us but becomes slightly harder when it's Old East Norse, which became early swedish in the 13th century. An example would be Västgötalagen and even though I'm fluent in both Icelandic and Swedish it's still hard for me to read and understand.
I hope you find these answers to your satisfaction.
Ha ett gott nytt år Robert!
I´m an Icelander and I think this is my language.
I would so love to hear NativLang pronounce old norse
Ég skal segja þér og sýna hvernig Old Norse er. Þetta er íslenska sem ég skrifa og tala og þetta er Old Norse ef þú villt vita það. Old Norse er ennþá til og það tungumál er ennþá talað á Íslandi. Kær kveðja.
My cousin's name is Rune! Her father liked the name since we are partly of German heritage but he imagined we have Viking blood (I mean who doesn't in today's Europe) through our distant Scandinavian ancestors. He also liked the fact that Rune means secret.
Something about the term "futhark", which essentially uses the same logic as "alphabet" is something I find oddly interesting, and it makes me wonder if many other writing systems were/are originally named using the same logic.
If I'm not mistaken, I think Guðmund would be pronounced more like "Guthe-mund" than "Guud-mund". That letter, ð, or eth, is not the same as a d. Medieval ᚠᚢᚦᚬᚱᚴ would have the letter, but the original Younger ᚠᚢᚦᚬᚱᚴ only had ᚦ, basically a Thorn to the early Anglisc, & Thurs to the Norse.
Yes, Guðmund would be pronounced "Guth-mund." It is just often that ð is simplified to the letter "d" because most English speakers, while able to pronounce ð, don't know what sound it makes.
The reason for the simplification to "d" is because ð and þ are "voiced and unvoiced" pairs, respectively, that are produced in the same way with the tongue. You'll notice that you place your tongue in the same place for both sounds. Voicing depends on using your vocal cords.
þ=th (unvoiced) in "think"
ð=th (voiced) in "there"
Similarly, d and t are voiced and unvoiced pairs, respectively. You can test this by putting your fingers to your throat/Adam's apple and feeling for a vibration when you produced the sound. þ and t are unvoiced (no vibration) while ð and d are voiced (vibration).
So the easiest translation of sound would be to pair the voiced letters and unvoiced letters to make
þ=t (both unvoiced)
ð=d (both voiced)
I had to re-read what you wrote to understand what you meant by "voiced and unvoiced pairs". Do you think the narrator knows this, or did he simply mistake ð for the nearest relevant letter it looked like? That is the mistake I was making while trying to understand medieval manuscripts without having academic guidance.
2:53 A fidget spinner made of ancient letters.
actually Majus it's an old religion in Iran
And even older in Egypt.
+Mohammad Rahman who the hell cares? Just you.
TRIGGERED
Madjus refers to people who worship fire or sun or planets in Arabic.
So it means something like pagan?
spanish person here, the "sevilla" pronounciation was spot-on lmao
There was a ring with the Arabic word "Allah" found in Sweden...The ring itself was from 9th century...Also the friend of mine saw the dagger with hilt made of walrus ivory in Yemen...The dagger was 900 years old...This is so fascinating, how the great early-medieval civilizations made their trade. It has invaluable historical value.
This runic grammar comes to Europe from Altai. This is similar to old Turkic alphabet.
harja is finnish is mean brush :)
5:47 "King Harold _Bluetooth_" ^^
Successor of lord infrared himself
Bluetooth was named after him
My local chapter of the book and ink people applaud your fine work.
Harja is actually a finnish word which means "broom" today. It's actually not entirely implausible that it could have been used to mean a 'comb' as well before. While all of this is true, I have absolutely no idea if this was actually the case with the comb in the video.
Similarily we use 'tiistai' for tuesday and 'laukka' can mean a piece of
garlic. To top it off, we have 'olut' for ale. All of these together seem bit more than just mere
coincidences.
Christmas is actually not a Christian tradition it is Scandinavian
“Harja” actually means hair comb in Finnish!
Ah that's really interesting, maybe from trade or raids, thank you for that information, I'm a bit of a polyglot, I learned a new word today Kiitos.
Go check Omniglot!
Finnish is not a Nordic language, but, what the heck? Maybe it was borrowed?
Muslim conquest was part of Portugal and Spain.... not just Spain.
Back then portugal was still part of spain
Portugal became a country in 1139 when their first King kicked the Moors out during the Reconquista. Spain came into existence in 1492 so how was Portugal part of Spain in 1139?
You should double-check your history facts before commenting, Zonaid P. Back then there was no Portugal and certainly no Spain, since Portugal became a country before Spain.
And if you say that the whole peninsula was Spain, that's also not true. Just call it what it is: the Iberian Peninsula, or what it was at the time we were under the muslim rule: the "Al-Andaluz". Not fuckin' Spain. That is so wrong in so many ways.
Spain comes from the latin hispaniola and means the whole iberian peninsula. The region was called spain before the nations of portugal or spain existed.
remember people there is a difference between norsemen and vikings, Viking is a name given to raiders by norse men. it means that someone travels trough the water to find new land.
You could’ve done so much more with this, and whilst I was disappointed that you left so much history out, I did like seeing all of the runes (including Elder Runes) that my people still use today.
Muslim Warrior DLC for
FOR HONOR.
kennedy072 No honor.
For Allah
AHMED FRHAN Sure! Also praise pedophiles and rape! I am glad for teaching of mohamed otherwise i would not know such things!
It's interesting how we call 3:38 tiwaz -> " taweez " now which means the same i.e magic words or sacred words in Urdu.
2:53 Vikings invented the fidget Spinner.
That was Latin, not Nordic.
@@aster965 r/wooosh
I've been wondering for years why that Muslim ring was found in a Viking grave! Thank you so much!
The Muslim Viking myth is a misconception fabricated and pushed by the media and the government. Nosemen were burried with items from all over the world, even Bhuddas, not because they partook in their culture or religion but because they believed in carrying their achievements with them to the next life. It was a matter of showing what you had done as a man. This video is innacurate as hell, especially the "backward" casting. This is not factual.
As Always, Production And Information, Of The 1ST-RANK; Bravo-Maestros!!
Vikings were named as الروس which pronounced Arrous we didn't name them madjus or Iranian
الروس is _madjus_ in Old Arabic.
madjus means people who worship fire
What is the literal translation of Arrous in arabic?
Thank you, dub! Very interesting to learn new stuff!
Rus were Slavic peoples also the Rus were a tribe from Sweden,,,,,,,,,,,,
IS ANYBODY GUNNA FUCKIN' MAKE A VIDEO ABOUT HUNGARIAN? GETTIN REEEAL JEALOUS HERE.
There's still conflicting research on Hungarian! Complex history :)
.
And Rovás Irás
Feel free to do it....
Italego6 Ya that is pretty cool.
You should look at Old Turkic (Orkhon) script. Its oldest examples are in Mongolia now but they are so similar to Futhark runes. Their shapes can be explained by the texture they were written on but some rules are common. They both can be written right-to-left or left-to-right, they both seperate words with colons etc. It's worth searching.
Actually I think you should make a video about Turkic dialect continuum.
@@OmmerSyssel He wrote something interesting but you, you showed your ignorance by saying "Islamic Ancestors" to the writers of Orhun. They were Shamanist, idiot. Turks converted to islam way after that, they were in the East Asia at that times. But I don't expect you to understand anything from what I just wrote, a brainwashed person with bigotry.
ArrigAutist why are u so brainwashed?Those things are before Islam, like why why why are u so brainwashed?
Wow as I swede I could really understands almost all of the inscriptions that NativLang uses as an example.
This was interesting! Thanks for sharing!
6:00 There’s still Thor’s hammer!😂
Floki conversion confirmed. Gonna give up everything to make cheese
The Thirteenth Warrior.
Did you know that movie is from the book "The eaters of the dead" the source material is from the great Muslim travelers Manuscript , Ibn Fadlan, Relating His Experiences with the Northmen in AD 922, his story is really cool 😉
The idea of a group of burly vikings settling down to produce cheese in a foreign country sounds like a great premise for a movie... at least after seeing Assassin in Love (the Baker) with Damian Lewis.
Cheese-making muslim viking living in southern spain sounds...
*unique*
Even now in Morocco some tribes still look Northern European, they were assimilated
This didn't happen.
It was a Politically Motivated Story.
Precisely. It's all brainwashing.
Why do we have to accept islam?
@@Myownchanelhere Cuz the " C H O S E N " People force it on us.
Muslim viking is Antonio Bonderas ))
I really need to get around and learn my _native writing style_.
what?
@Evi1M4chine
Uhh, riiiight.
Really cool video the runic language and Viking history is very fascinating.
This is bringing to mind the Poe short story "The Power of Words." You can read it in less than 10 minutes, but it's a dialogue between gods at the point of creation, with the main notion of the story being that words ARE, basically, magic/infused with creative energy or potential. I read it in 7th grade, and it still chokes me up. (Interestingly, I feel like the Christian bible has a couple places where it basically implies the same notion... the Word was 'with' god/the Word WAS god.)
Language is magick. :)