Understanding Diabetes Insipidus

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  • Опубліковано 6 чер 2024
  • This video contains a detailed and simplified explanation about diabetes insipidus. We discuss the differences between cranial and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the signs and symptoms, testing for diabetes insipidus including an explanation of urine and blood osmolality and the water deprivation test (also known as the desmopressin stimulation test) and how we manage diabetes insipidus.
    More written notes and diagrams about diabetes insipidus are available on the website at www.zerotofinals.com/diabetesinsipidus
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    US: www.amazon.com/dp/1091859892
    Zero to Finals Paediatrics book:
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    Zero to Finals Obstetrics and Gynaecology book:
    UK: www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B08K4K2WQB
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    Website: www.zerotofinals.com
    Notes: www.zerotofinals.com/learn
    Multiple Choice Questions: www.zerotofinals.com/test
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    DISCLAIMER: This video is for education and entertainment only, and is not medical advice. This video should NOT be used for medical advice or to guide clinical practice. The Zero to Finals content should not be used in any way to guide medical decision making. Zero to Finals takes no responsibility for any actions taken or not taken based on the information provided. Local and national guidelines and senior clinicians are there to help you make decisions, not UA-cam videos. If you need medical advice or information, seek it from an appropriately trained and licenced doctor or healthcare provider that can address your individual needs. Zero to Finals cannot guarantee the accuracy of information in this video. Please highlight any errors you notice in the comments below - thank you.

КОМЕНТАРІ • 438

  • @MysticiaDevHoopsMacabre
    @MysticiaDevHoopsMacabre 2 роки тому +97

    This really was helpful, man. Thank you. I have Cranial DI. Five years ago in November of 2017, I started drinking lots of water after I was diagnosed with Brain Cancer. Now I know for a fact that, yes, the tumor did effect my Hypothalamus in my brain and that’s what I causing Cranial DI. I have had a Fluid Deprivation Test recently and I’ve been given a prescription for Desmopressin. Tomorrow I start taking it. Wish me good health and good luck!

    • @koolforkatss9155
      @koolforkatss9155 2 роки тому +6

      I was diagnosed with central DI in 2017 too, desmopressin has reverted me back to normal. Hope it works for you too!

    • @simplynouna896
      @simplynouna896 2 роки тому +3

      ربي يشفيك ويحفظ صحتك 🙏

    • @jonathanmendoza748
      @jonathanmendoza748 2 роки тому +1

      Yeah had since I had a brain tumor, it’s annoying

    • @ellenlee1
      @ellenlee1 2 роки тому +2

      WHEN YOU TAKE THE DESMOPREEIN IT MAKES YOU RETAIN FLUID IF YOU DRINK TOO MUCH, AND THE DDVAP KEEPS THAT FLUID. WHEN I EASE UP AND TAKE LESS DDVAP I URINATE SO MUCH. I CAN'T KEEP A BALANCE. WITH THE DOSAGE AND FLUID INTAKE.

    • @Jcccc23
      @Jcccc23 2 роки тому

      Hey bro was your urine clear during the water deprivation test ?

  • @harjii
    @harjii 3 роки тому +26

    This was incredibly helpful! You broke the condition down into bite sized chunks and explained it in a way that was easy to understand and digest. Thank you so much!

  • @noonessam4281
    @noonessam4281 Рік тому +2

    This chanel is God sent for struggling Med students. Thank you so much.

  • @carrieberrykix
    @carrieberrykix 2 роки тому +11

    We're testing our dog for DI right now testing with desmopressin. This really helped me understand what the vet was talking about!

  • @shreyasharma9978
    @shreyasharma9978 3 роки тому +4

    You are a very good teacher, who makes things easier. Thank you. Keep creating videos😊

  • @amandasarahi
    @amandasarahi 2 місяці тому

    I came upon this series and didn't realize I had already subscribed. So far the best simple explanation and I retain the information! Thank you!!!!
    -nursing student approved!

  • @jasondoyle1037
    @jasondoyle1037 2 роки тому +3

    Thank you for such a lucid explanation of the condition.

  • @perkyiff9226
    @perkyiff9226 4 роки тому +4

    came here for a quick recap back on the topic from my psychiatry revision after encountering DI as one of the side effect of lithium. thank you for the short and sweet explanation!

  • @acidburstman
    @acidburstman 2 роки тому +2

    Very helpful. The water deprivation test was confusing in my book. Here it was easy to understand.

  • @adesodivine1403
    @adesodivine1403 3 роки тому +1

    So grateful for the update. I am a masters students in Public health and this was worth the study

  • @magchisholm3931
    @magchisholm3931 Рік тому

    Helpful, I love that ur voice is calm. Thanks for illustration and clarity of notes💓

  • @tommy-tp3hj
    @tommy-tp3hj 2 роки тому

    Very clear, explanatory, and helped me reviving some knowledge for my exam, definitely going to subscribe.

  • @jasmined9752
    @jasmined9752 3 роки тому +28

    This has been so good to watch! I was diagnosed with diabetes insipudus after a brain tumour at aged 9 . I feel like there us so little known about it. Often when I take desmoprssin along with various other medication people will ask "what's that for?" and if I just reply with diabetes they will often jump to the conclusion that I have type 1 or 2 diabetes. It's videos like this that start to bring about a bit more awareness to help get people diagnosed quicker and bring about understanding

    • @christophergalvan7215
      @christophergalvan7215 3 роки тому +2

      Same things happen to me insta :@sunsh1ne.2

    • @illegaldru6s5
      @illegaldru6s5 3 роки тому +1

      @@christophergalvan7215 heyy man I've been going though hell trying to figure out why I've been drinking and peeing so much headaches my legs hurt . I think I might have this . I followed her on Instagram my name is irljit on there did u have similar symptoms

    • @jay-if8qs
      @jay-if8qs 3 роки тому +2

      yea me too it took years and a whole new state to be able to figure out what was going on

    • @illegaldru6s5
      @illegaldru6s5 3 роки тому

      @@jay-if8qs yoo jomar wassup with you bro can we talk

    • @illegaldru6s5
      @illegaldru6s5 3 роки тому

      @@jay-if8qs I've been going through hell homie

  • @gaurisd10
    @gaurisd10 4 роки тому +7

    Very helpful, and the site is really resourceful. Thank for the site too.

    • @putaschimi2185
      @putaschimi2185 3 роки тому

      Cheers for the Video! Forgive me for chiming in, I would appreciate your opinion. Have you heard the talk about - Patlarny Sweet Days Principle (just google it)? It is a good exclusive guide for getting rid of diabetes minus the hard work. Ive heard some extraordinary things about it and my friend Sam after a lifetime of fighting got amazing results with it.

  • @user-fi5mn8gv4z
    @user-fi5mn8gv4z 4 роки тому

    Simple , concise and informative .
    Thanks

  • @Tara-dd3qn
    @Tara-dd3qn 3 роки тому +2

    thank you so much I am a senior nursing student and found this very helpful

  • @JJJResearch
    @JJJResearch 10 місяців тому

    simple but concise explanation.... Really helpful to understand the concept.

  • @mdawaisilyas
    @mdawaisilyas 2 роки тому

    thank you so much very simplified explanation! highly appreciate your work!

  • @emanalharthi7240
    @emanalharthi7240 3 роки тому

    Easy,simple and very clear!!!
    Thank you

  • @stacyuz1704
    @stacyuz1704 3 роки тому +3

    Thank you! Thank you! Thank you!!!🥺🥺 this helped tremendously.

  • @23jparra
    @23jparra 4 роки тому +160

    I had cancer when i was 13. I had a tumor on my pituitary gland. So the gland doesnt work. I got diabetes insipidus among other things. I want to study it and understand it thank you for the video

    • @weazle5255
      @weazle5255 4 роки тому +9

      Similar I'm 26 I got diagnosed with a pituitary tumor and now have a nice 64oz thermos of ice water all the time

    • @user-uq5tj9ty6s
      @user-uq5tj9ty6s 4 роки тому

      Andrew Sherwood hey, do u have problem with polyuria?

    • @T_oasty
      @T_oasty 4 роки тому +9

      I have a benign tumor called craniopharyngioma. Is that possibly what you have? Mine surrounded around my pituitary gland and completely disintegrated it. I have to take medications not only for my hormone replacements, but also because of my diabetes insipidus. I'm sending sending prayers your way! 🙏

    • @weazle5255
      @weazle5255 4 роки тому +2

      @@user-uq5tj9ty6s yes I know it as diabetes insipidus I drink a Lot of water and have to pee frequently. I take desmopressin at night so I dont keep waking up to go.

    • @weazle5255
      @weazle5255 4 роки тому +2

      @@T_oasty I had a benign tumor on my pituitary gland it was a germinoma I had to have blood brain barrier chemo and radiation. But I'm doing good now

  • @makhseed
    @makhseed 3 роки тому +2

    this video is amazing! thanks for the upload!

  • @yourlocalfairyhere
    @yourlocalfairyhere 4 роки тому +11

    I have the cranial type of diabetes insipidus and I am on medication! What really triggered me to know more about this disease is that I actually have a pesenstion about diabetes mellitus in a few days and while preparing for it I realized, it really does not have anything to do with this type of diabetes and that I actually wanted to know more. Thank you for this video!!!!!

    • @user-uq5tj9ty6s
      @user-uq5tj9ty6s 4 роки тому

      패리대Feride how long time u used desmopressin?

    • @yourlocalfairyhere
      @yourlocalfairyhere Рік тому

      @@user-uq5tj9ty6s oh sorry I am seeing this comment only now 😅 but if you still want to know I have been using it since 2017! Sometimes I have to use it every 18 hours but sometimes every 12 it really depends I have good and bad days

    • @nijabudeenmohammedn5354
      @nijabudeenmohammedn5354 9 місяців тому

      ​@@yourlocalfairyherestill u are using or stop .how di caused you

    • @yourlocalfairyhere
      @yourlocalfairyhere 9 місяців тому

      still using it@@nijabudeenmohammedn5354

  • @gabrielarodriguez6191
    @gabrielarodriguez6191 2 роки тому

    Thank you so much! Perfect explanation! You helped a lot!

  • @haileeroxana
    @haileeroxana 2 роки тому +1

    Beautiful explanation thank you so much

  • @kurtkeisel4423
    @kurtkeisel4423 3 роки тому +1

    Thank you my dog has this. Very good explanation

  • @fhaihatulakma3998
    @fhaihatulakma3998 3 роки тому

    This video really helps me to understand for my presentation. Thank youuuuu!!!!!

    • @JixieDye
      @JixieDye 3 роки тому

      If you need more help, I have had DI all my life. You probably already did your presentation. Hope it went well.

  • @ankitkawale9748
    @ankitkawale9748 4 роки тому +1

    Very well explained. Thank you

  • @ingridbernardes719
    @ingridbernardes719 4 роки тому +1

    Oh my god, this video is amazing! Thanks for this!

  • @firasbourghol574
    @firasbourghol574 2 роки тому

    excellent and covers all the causes! thank you

  • @ibtihalozturuk6017
    @ibtihalozturuk6017 3 роки тому

    Thank u doctor it was a very good explication . good luck for all what u r doing

  • @alextufan6675
    @alextufan6675 Рік тому

    Thanks for your video, it was very helpful!

  • @elenamartinez2387
    @elenamartinez2387 4 роки тому +1

    THANK YOU!!! This video is amazing!!

  • @dinosaurxxxx
    @dinosaurxxxx 3 роки тому +8

    I had given up hope as to why I have to urinate very excessively, but now I have hope after finding out about this, going to mention it to my doctor and ask for testing! thank you!

    • @pocheslol2280
      @pocheslol2280 2 роки тому

      U might just be diabetic but what happened

    • @rockenrob4893
      @rockenrob4893 2 роки тому

      The testing is rough. I was deprived of all liquids for 16 hours and in the hospital for 4 days

    • @freedaboyoung3722
      @freedaboyoung3722 Рік тому

      @@rockenrob4893 well shit, that is the test 8 and 8 hrs. But it didn't seem as daunting during the video. Now that you mentioned it, you had to fast a whole 16 hrs!

    • @freedaboyoung3722
      @freedaboyoung3722 Рік тому

      @@rockenrob4893 how were you given desmopressin? Tablets form with water? Or nasal spray? And how much of it? I'm interested in knowing

    • @rockenrob4893
      @rockenrob4893 Рік тому

      @@freedaboyoung3722 I had to stay in the hospital for 4 days. The doctors monitored me and wouldn’t let me drink for 16 hours. It’s a really awful experience but the rewards of the meds is worth it. You should go talk to an endocrinologist.

  • @choc23able
    @choc23able 26 днів тому

    Thank you. Very useful 'to the point' explanation

  • @ananyanethi4031
    @ananyanethi4031 3 роки тому +1

    love this video. thank you so much

  • @lwestern285
    @lwestern285 5 років тому +9

    Good stuff thanks for explaining so clearly! I believe Thiazide diuretics can also be used for nephrogenic DI

    • @ellenlee1
      @ellenlee1 4 роки тому +1

      YES, hctz is a diuretic. i think it makes the body put out ADH. when I forget to take hctz ( i take it for high blood pressure for 50 years) I urinate constantly. I think you are right. do doctors know this?

    • @wahajmayar6558
      @wahajmayar6558 2 роки тому

      Really, I searched much more about this fact, but I couldn't find it that by which mechanism does it work?

  • @RyanS32
    @RyanS32 5 років тому +9

    I was recently diagnosed with cranial DI due to radiotherapy 6 years ago. Thanks for helping to understand what exactly is happening to me.

    • @mariettmariett292
      @mariettmariett292 5 років тому

      Ryan Hi! How do you cure it?

    • @RyanS32
      @RyanS32 5 років тому +1

      @@mariettmariett292 I'm not sure there is a cure. My endocrinologist has me on desmopressin to relieve the symptoms, but he hasn't mentioned anything about a cure to me.

    • @kostabeqir7373
      @kostabeqir7373 4 роки тому

      HDX SNKWOQKSKJ,K🐅❤🐯😭💪🏿💪👍😺😸😸HNSJDJCISFUWJDJFJZXKSKMNC DNJCNCNCNDNWI1OQODJFJCIF HNSNJENFJDJKEKDDHDJCLCKNDLDL JDDJKFJCKFKCC DJFJCJNDJCCNCNNCM DJJFJ
      JDJFKCNCMX JDJCNE
      DNCMMCMCEM
      DMCMCMJFKF
      KDKFJCNC
      DJJFKC
      JDJJCNCKC
      FJJCJCJCJCJDJFJDIU33IDJC
      DMKMCKFKK

    • @JixieDye
      @JixieDye 3 роки тому

      I was born with cranial DI. if you wanna talk I am here! I am so sorry that you had to go through radiotherapy.

  • @JHilariosaH1
    @JHilariosaH1 Рік тому +4

    This helped my family members understand my insatiable need for water. My pituitary gland was removed along with a brain tumor when I was 3 years old.

    • @filmyhari9373
      @filmyhari9373 9 місяців тому

      What is your age now? How are you doing? How many hormones you replace

  • @jaredfernandez2982
    @jaredfernandez2982 4 роки тому +13

    Great video and overview of the pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus! One critique, the arrow that is shown @ 2:44 of the video is vaguely misleading. It implies that ADH is released/produced by the anterior portion of the pituitary gland which is incorrect. The posterior pituitary gland releases ADH. Thank you for making such great work and I'm glad to see these concise and helpful videos. Thanks again!

  • @lanavoliladygagu
    @lanavoliladygagu 4 роки тому

    thank you, great explained

  • @IslandgirlintheMedWorld
    @IslandgirlintheMedWorld 4 роки тому +1

    You are heaven sent!! Thank you!!!!

  • @pradnyawaskar7843
    @pradnyawaskar7843 3 роки тому

    You are doing just great job ! Very Helpful. Make more n more videos.

  • @medicalscience1528
    @medicalscience1528 2 роки тому +2

    Hello, thanks for amazing lecture.
    Can you tell why you mentioned primary polydipsia as key diagnosis ? Does this habit or ritual leads to diabetes insipidus ??

  • @nageenahsan8288
    @nageenahsan8288 3 роки тому

    Loved it! Thankyousomuch ❤️

  • @modjadjibeautymaake7728
    @modjadjibeautymaake7728 2 роки тому

    Super Helpful. Thank you so much!!!!

  • @jenrferruso
    @jenrferruso 2 роки тому

    THANK YOU!!! I WAS BORN WITH THIS 9/5/74 AND NOT DISCOVERED TIL 3/26/1996 AND NOW DISABLED FROM SEIZURE 10YRS TO THE WAY DISCOVED AND THE DRS GAVE ME MEDS AND 3MTHS IN HOSPITAL THANKFULLY GOT TO LIFE!!!! THAT GOD!!! PEACE BE WITH YOU!!!

    • @jenrferruso
      @jenrferruso 2 роки тому

      ......"guess i will get to the john! ")

  • @dasharenkeu2771
    @dasharenkeu2771 3 роки тому +1

    Thanks for your help! I'm from Ukraine and I study English. I'm pharmacist and for I know this information in Ukrainian. But it really makes me study English well and I repeat the information for my job. You are great!

  • @katierush9584
    @katierush9584 2 роки тому

    I really appreciate this, well explained

  • @hildamakule713
    @hildamakule713 4 роки тому

    Very helpful.
    Thanks a lot.

  • @douglasw1545
    @douglasw1545 4 роки тому

    Very helpful thanks for the video

  • @sabbyeight
    @sabbyeight Рік тому +1

    Praying God’s help and healing for everyone impacted by DI. May God’s compassion shine on you and your family members. Stay hopeful. I too ❤

  • @thacompilations4010
    @thacompilations4010 Рік тому

    I love your videos. Thanks

  • @pratikshanoudiyal4276
    @pratikshanoudiyal4276 3 роки тому

    Great explanation!!

  • @arushiaishwarya8907
    @arushiaishwarya8907 5 років тому +1

    This was so helpful. Thank you.

    • @ZeroToFinals
      @ZeroToFinals  5 років тому

      Glad you liked it Arushi

    • @faresz7575
      @faresz7575 4 роки тому

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  • @user-vi1ff8fk8l
    @user-vi1ff8fk8l 2 роки тому

    I have given up all hope of living abroad after frustrating attempts to treat an excessive thirsty and urination condition. Tanken a lot of meds to treat my prostate, said to be contracting incorrectly and I was even told to do a surgical procedure that wouldn't allow me to have children.
    Then I changed doctor after doctor e one have told me to take desmopressin due to high level of urine/day (5L), it's been 3 week of 0,1mg and my life changed so much, I'm a new person. Lately I have been facing these problems again, but I've been drinking lots of water due to anxiety, though I feel much better now in my life. Don't let this ruin your life, take good care of yourself.

  • @jairamireddy7048
    @jairamireddy7048 2 роки тому

    Excellent talk

  • @pipatsukcharoen2265
    @pipatsukcharoen2265 2 роки тому

    Good summarize thanks!

  • @ariciagomesmiranda2782
    @ariciagomesmiranda2782 Рік тому

    Fantastic video!

  • @verysnowy4605
    @verysnowy4605 Рік тому

    That helped me understand DI which I think I may have. thank you.

  • @deiaarahma8729
    @deiaarahma8729 5 років тому

    Great description thank y Doctor

  • @srimapradhan9174
    @srimapradhan9174 4 роки тому +2

    Thanks u made it really easy

    • @ZeroToFinals
      @ZeroToFinals  4 роки тому

      I'm so glad you liked it, thanks Srima!

  • @muthummm6675
    @muthummm6675 2 роки тому

    Nice To See You. It is pleasure For Me To Comment Here!. Very Honest And Good!

  • @hwandre
    @hwandre 2 роки тому +4

    CDI since 3 as well, been over 40 years with it now. Got it from a very high fever at that young age for a long period of time. I think I'll do a UA-cam on how this eventually also turned to Type 2 for me because of my ignorance about diet soda.

    • @nijabudeenmohammedn5354
      @nijabudeenmohammedn5354 9 місяців тому

      Currently I am 21 ,last year oct 10 onwards I got high fever then after two or 3 weeks cdi caused me .There is no specific reason in the case of me to cause other than high fever

    • @nijabudeenmohammedn5354
      @nijabudeenmohammedn5354 9 місяців тому

      Is it hereditary did you have children

  • @fatma8711
    @fatma8711 4 роки тому

    Thanks alot it’s very useful

  • @aween42
    @aween42 2 роки тому

    Thank you sir, this was great

  • @Peter-re6in
    @Peter-re6in 2 роки тому

    Great explanation

  • @alexismarquess9274
    @alexismarquess9274 3 роки тому

    Amazing thank you!

  • @sakouraboukrif2380
    @sakouraboukrif2380 3 роки тому

    Merci , très informatif

  • @daigb749
    @daigb749 4 роки тому +1

    Thank you 😍

  • @malakrfd8236
    @malakrfd8236 2 роки тому

    Thank you so much, That was so helpfu!

  • @deepwithin6517
    @deepwithin6517 2 роки тому

    Thank you very helpful.

  • @asiimwekemigisha7240
    @asiimwekemigisha7240 Рік тому

    This was really helpful

  • @jayaraj6279
    @jayaraj6279 3 роки тому

    excellent work 👏👏👍

  • @gunjanprithiani4799
    @gunjanprithiani4799 2 роки тому

    Thank you so much!!!

  • @snehajadav7701
    @snehajadav7701 Рік тому

    Thank you so much 😊🙏

  • @merakichan8996
    @merakichan8996 3 роки тому

    Man thanks very much it helped me very much so a lot of thankkkkksssss😊

  • @zj9338
    @zj9338 3 роки тому

    very helpful thank you

  • @yolandaorozco7892
    @yolandaorozco7892 2 роки тому

    Thank you that’s what my son is going through it’s really confusing and frustrated because I feel like the doctor Are not doing enough

  • @leafeon4195
    @leafeon4195 4 роки тому +4

    I've known I had Diabetes Insipidus, but now I know more than ever! :D

    • @pauldg913
      @pauldg913 3 роки тому

      How do u manage it?

    • @lucybrooks3636
      @lucybrooks3636 3 роки тому

      @@pauldg913 my mum manages it with desmopresin it’s a hormone replacement she finds the spray kind the best as it is instant it must be diagnosed tho

  • @luissilame7909
    @luissilame7909 3 роки тому +1

    Thanks for sharing! My sweet niece was diagnosticated this disorder ! She had histiocytose!

    • @pauldg913
      @pauldg913 3 роки тому

      Is she diabetic?

    • @JixieDye
      @JixieDye 3 роки тому

      I have diabetes insipidus too. I am in my thirties. She will be ok.

    • @pauldg913
      @pauldg913 3 роки тому

      @@JixieDye do u have medicine? And are u avoiding specific foods?

    • @AR_HUB663
      @AR_HUB663 2 роки тому

      Hiii my daughtr 4 yr with histocytosis she also have this condition 😥😥

  • @majoodb9253
    @majoodb9253 4 роки тому

    This is amazing,!!!!!

  • @Hasnathalip
    @Hasnathalip 2 роки тому

    Thank You Sir ✨️

  • @fazralimanda
    @fazralimanda 3 роки тому

    Do we need to look at the serum osmolality level when doing the water deprivation test?

    • @stall8906
      @stall8906 3 роки тому

      Org insipidus bisa puasa gk doc?

  • @annamarianalumansi3178
    @annamarianalumansi3178 2 роки тому

    thank you

  • @srinivasaraosirasapalli5104

    Excellent

  • @noornooralnager2649
    @noornooralnager2649 5 років тому

    Thank you

  • @MsPetiteasian
    @MsPetiteasian 4 роки тому

    this is amazing!!!!

    • @mikeymouse4072
      @mikeymouse4072 3 роки тому

      Elva Maria rivas is Scizophrenia and diabetic

  • @cutiee225
    @cutiee225 5 років тому +1

    Omg thank you!

  • @farahahmed65
    @farahahmed65 3 роки тому

    Could thiazide diuretics administer for nephrogenic diabetes incipidis?

  • @MudLover
    @MudLover 2 роки тому

    Fantastic didactics

  • @aakashnhoor185
    @aakashnhoor185 3 роки тому

    Great video but i think the gold std is the Hypertonic Saline Copeptin Stimulation test not the water deprivation test might be wrong

  • @MuhammadAli-ml9bt
    @MuhammadAli-ml9bt 11 місяців тому

    THANKS ALOT

  • @saidmo1797
    @saidmo1797 11 місяців тому

    Thank u!

  • @shahnasshajahan529
    @shahnasshajahan529 6 місяців тому

    Thank you sir ❤

  • @hiteshyadav6277
    @hiteshyadav6277 3 роки тому +1

    Which doctor to see for diabetes insipidus

  • @muthummm6675
    @muthummm6675 2 роки тому

    fantastic

  • @wahajmayar6558
    @wahajmayar6558 2 роки тому

    Is there anyone to explain the mechanism of HCTZ in the treatment of DI? I tried more but couldn't find!

  • @zahirazahira9536
    @zahirazahira9536 3 роки тому

    Witch logiciel you use to prepere your vedios

  • @ashishpoudel840
    @ashishpoudel840 3 роки тому

    Thanks