Thanks to those of you who pointed out the 3 billion square kilometers number is wonky! We got that out of a peer-reviewed paper, but it turns out they added a zero (the paper they cited actually said 300 million square kilometers, not 3 billion). We should have dug a bit deeper with that number, so we apologize! The papers in question, if anyone wants to learn more about this and how those numbers came about: pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/47/1/91/567642/Sequestration-and-subduction-of-deep-sea-carbonate (added a 0) agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/93GB02524
Hi SciShow., My question: As sea levels rise will the pressure increase on the sea floor? If so, any ideas of what might happen to critters living there?
The million dollar question is whether Hank’s undershirt is green and got keyed out and replaced with the background color, or if it’s actually the same blue as the background.
It’s blue. The white grid doesn’t show on it when he is off centre, and in many shots the top is just slightly less vibrant than the background. It did take a second watch of the video to check though!!
If we were to get the same amount of CO2 in the atmosphere again as 110 million years ago, we wouldn't get the same climate, because the sun today is about 1% more luminous, so it'd be even hotter.
That blasted prehistoric life driving cars around and getting all that carbon in the air. Don't they know they melted the polar icecaps? Natural heating and cooling cycles my butt.
How about an episode on seahorses, seadragons, and related bony fish? They’re really cool and I bet Monterey bay aquarium would sponsor something like that!
It's more on the abdomen tan the tail. The females insert the eggs into the pouch where they are fertilized by the male. The male is then pregnant for about 22-27 days before giving birth to the fry.
Definitely should, the jellyfish exhibit is awesome. Have some videos of it from when I lived there, locals get a free week in December and I definitely took advantage.
Do you want to build a snowman? Way down, beyond the suns ray! You'll never see light anymore Come on down to the sea floor And we'll lock that carbon away.
@Evi1M4chine I'm aware of what the fermentation process does, but we developed that process for food preservation and expanding our palettes. A side benefit of the microbe poop product is that it takes complex molecules and makes them simpler. Otherwise it would take more energy for our bodies to digest or we don't have the machinery/internal microbial helpers to do so. As for marine snow, I still wouldn't stick *my* tongue out, because I don't have digesting capability to do so, nevermind the "acquired taste" for it.
Ketsueki Kumori: Well, the reasons _I_ wouldn't stick my tongue out for it are 1) I'm not adapted to life in that particular biome, so if I tried to do it, I'd either 2) drown, or 3) be crushed by the intense pressures long before then.
Adriano Zambrana Marchetti pretty sure that wasn't woosh worthy. considering that the rebuttal is not hitting the 'point of the joke' but only added information
i always wondered how huge piles of chalk could build up. It seems like it would take way too long to form huge landmasses like the cliffs of dover and such but i guess it makes pretty good sense if this stuff is literally raining down all the time
Hi neighbour! 😃🇩🇰 These guys are great! On their channel "Journey to the Microcosmos" I believe it is a German guy who does the footage taking samples from local ponds and stuff! If you like this I think you'll like the other one too! 🥰
Love this channel. I was watching your episode on unfarmable foods and saw that you are based out of Montana. Nice to see Montana exporting knowledge! Keep up the good work.
This is really fascinating how the life on this planet all works together in different ways, like how this 'marine snow' feeds the denizens of the deep waters and stores carbon at the bottom of the ocean. But then you had to ruin it by emphasizing AGW, instead of letting people be persuaded by how the life/atmosphere cycle works. Anyway, I'd like to see more of these deep sea creatures that are at or near the bottom of the ocean, especially if you've got video!
I'm a marine nerd so I see a lot of MBARI stuff around, but the association never ceases to tickle me, especially considering the Minbari are vaguely ocean-y in design >u
Wouldn't be a Scishow episode on the environment without a climate change lecture, cheers to the crew for making another successful drinking game video 😎🥃
One of the big questions posed by my college Geology Professor had to do with where all of the carbon needed to produce diamonds came from. I think this video just answered that question......
I guess I should keep a more open mind about the value of the content you present. This was certainly interesting to me, but I wouldn't have guessed so based on the specific subject in the title. Thank you.
Super interesting! I'd be very curious about research about increasing the amount of marine snow and carbon sequestration. Maybe some kind of aquaculture to grow specific algea that sequester carbon more quickly, using a fleet of robots that fertilize and cultivate large swathes of ocean. Maybe even using genetically engineered algae that are very good at sequestering carbon to the seafloor. Because that plant a tree thing won't do much, but the ocean is large and unused by people. So using automation you could build fleets of robot ships analyzing the water composition, adding chemicals to promote ideal growth for carbon sequestration. It's honestly the only thing that makes sense to me that could be done on scale for carbon sequestration.
MBARI researchers have done some investigations on carbon sequestration in the deep sea: www.mbari.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Barry-et-al.-2005-JGR.pdf www.mbari.org/ocean-acidification-warming-deoxygenation/ www.mbari.org/science/seafloor-processes/greenhouse-gases/ www.mbari.org/carbon-pulses-climate-models/
It is genuinely fascinating and horrifying to a chthonic or cthulhean degree the razor edge we are balanced on and our utter disregard for that edge. Like, we go around dumping whatever wherever and just basically ruining the environment and if we genuinely managed to break the ocean and kill all life in it we would go so quickly. So much life in the ocean that is basically responsible for supporting the rest of earth's life. It's terrifying when you really look and see the thread we hang by and yet pay no attention to.
You come across as panicked about the situation, but panic never helps. The western countries are already moving towards greener systems, it's just a question of how to magnify that to the desired level. If you want to understand the right way, first give up on your hopes: the 4 degree change will _not_ be avoided, neither hydrogen nor batteries will do the trick, and solar & wind aren't up to the job. For the middle term, the answer is nuclear and methane. Further along, Solar Power Satellites _(not_ ground-based solar! Because the numbers don't work otherwise!) and _maybe_ fusion, with most mobile power taken by batteries (it will be decades before batteries are cheap enough). The reason is that the 2nd & 3rd world needs to be made green, not the 1st world. The 1st world's carbon emissions are already decreasing, but the 2nd & 3rd world have much lower finances, and are where the emissions are growing the most. By going with methane, the growth can be slowed (methane has lower carbon emissions than coal), and eventually stopped (methane can be produced artificially, in the Sabatier reaction). Batteries of decent size are too expensive for most individuals in the 1st world, and will remain so for decades due to the need to extract and process the raw materials, which is why I listed them as long-term instead of short term. Hydrogen doesn't work because it's horrible: leaks through literally every available material, _damages_ many of the most useful in the process, doesn't work well in ICE engines due to multiple design conflicts, fuel cells are at least as bad as batteries but _won't_ get much better, etc. The nuclear vs solar & wind thing is similarly pragmatic. Nuclear waste sticks around for a long time, but the worst of it only does so because we aren't yet trying to make it _less dangerous,_ just to bury it away. By reprocessing it, we can convert much of the remaining radioactivity into energy, thus catching two birds with one stone. By throwing components of the fuel through breeder reactors, we can do the same. Both of these have points of concern, but they are points that we can (and largely _have)_ engineer solutions to, and are furthermore _short term_ problems that can be more easily mitigated and even prevented than the long-term problems that they reduce or remove. As for solar & wind, well, they don't offer the needed return on energy investment. Both are stuck below 7x, but 7x is what we need for modern civilization, so it's not really negotiable. If they at least got to 6x then there might be room for possibility, but when you take power reliability into account they're down around 4x instead, and don't actually have a lot of potential to improve (especially solar, which is already maxing out at close to half it's possible planet-side energy efficiency). Nuclear is in comparison somewhere around 20x to 35x return on invested energy. Solar Satellites are a bit more speculative, but also somewhat certain. We don't really have that infrastructure worked out yet, but we know that the potential is much better due to the absence of thermal cycling-related damage out around geosynchronous. Further, once the materials are recycled, much of the energy required can be provided by simple mirrors. Unfortunately, the absence of an existing lunar mining base and orbital industrial base renders actual numbers nonexistent. It can be predicted that they'll eliminate any concerns about power reliability (which pushes the most productive solar systems close to 7x by itself), that they'll have a higher total production (due to available energy: the atmosphere absorbs and reflects a notable percentage), and that recycling will be easier than on Earth (vacuum + zero-gravity + easy solar energy availability allows cheap & chemical-free smelting), but it's hard to know how soon useful volumes of material with a primarily Lunar-originating infrastructural system will be available, and _that_ is precisely what is needed. It could happen in 10 years, or in 150. Fusion is similar to Solar Power Satellites, except that it still requires development of the theoretics, while Solar Power Satellites just require Lunar mining (high temperature vacuum distillation: there've been tests in vacuum chambers on Earth), launch to orbit from the Moon (via mass drivers: often tested on Earth), orbital processing (there've been some tests on the ISS and Space Shuttles), orbital manufacturing (there's been research, but I don't know of orbital tests), and power transmission (it's been tested in the Earth's atmosphere, which is expected to be the hardest part: any modern telescope has enough accuracy, whether on Earth or in orbit), all of which are fairly straight-forward to plan around.
@@glenngriffon8032 How foolish of you. You whine about the environment, then mock the people proposing positive change...which just goes to show that your religion is phony.
Thanks to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute and Monterey Bay Aquarium for partnering with us on this episode of SciShow. All of the amazing deep-sea video you are about to see was taken with MBARI's remotely operated vehicles! Head to mbari.org to learn more about their mission and latest research.
In one video you state 97% of the ocean has not been explored, in this video you state most the ocean floor dont have vents. hmmmmm How can you state this when you yourself state the oceans floors are the least explored on the planet?
Amazing how pressure, death, and sh*t are all a part of the life cycle. Blows my mind every time I try to put all that into perspective. Thanks Sci-Show and Monterey Bay Aquarium for another fantastic episode! :)
Why don't we want to have a warmer climate? It takes more than Co2 to cause global warming. Climate change has been happening ever since the planet has been able to support life. The plants are suffering under the amount of Co2 in our atmosphere and is the reason why people who have green houses pump Co2 inside those glass houses. Co2 is plant food and without it, wouldn't be pretty. The earth is still recovering from the last ice age where the growing of food was limited to certain areas. When I hear leadership or people like Bill Gates saying that we need to eliminate Co2 from the atmosphere is totally insane. Plants, shrubs and trees breathe Co2 and exhale Oxygen. You eliminate Co2, you will be eliminating yourself as the ice sheet that ends up covering your bones for thousand and thousands of years until some asteroid hits to warm up the planet or we move closer to the sun. Another thing that will happen as the sun ages. It might turn into a red giant and it will effect global warming on Earth.
So cool to hear about a place in thats in my backyard! While Monterey is a special place, it's not a big city and it's not a big aquarium. It's a beautiful place full of life ,nature, shopping, and good food! Definitely one of my favorite places to go in Ca.
Chris M it’s not about who has more oil, it’s about enriching existing oil companies. The more oil, the more profits. We have a history of overthrowing governments when they try to nationalize their oil supply. This is fact separated from politica
@@grootdiaz494 global warming is everywhere actually. And it should be called climate change since it doesn't just warm up the temperature, it makes them more extreme
@@nebulabunny8633 no ned climate change is a real thing.. global warming is propaganda.. the planet has cycles of hot and cold.. there is absolutely nothing we can do to change this.. but good luck with the efforts considering we do not control the rest of the world and our contribution is less than 10%
@@grootdiaz494 no, the temperatures of the natural cycle are not as extreme as they are now, releasing of gases of greenhouse effect from human industrialization are affecting the climate. Just make a simple Google search and you'll have all the info, if you don't believe in climate change then you're most likely republican and it's not my responsibility to educate you into what your president mindwashed you to believe with no actual evidence of, educate yourself, you have plenty of resources and even this channel is great at doing so, I'm not a teacher
I read that this is how oil/gas deposits are formed, sand covers the "marine snow" and it eventually turns into oil. Just look at all the major oil/gas deposits in the world all of them used to be under water for millions of years.
I was really looking forward to listen to some strange phenomena of underwater, salt-like crystals with a tendency to sink, hence actual Ocean Snow. Instead, it was the sea flesh blizzard. I'm mildly disappointed, but don't get me wrong, it is interesting to hear about the bizarre food chain down there.
In areas that are less acidic with a lot of calcium in the ocean, it is possible for the calcium to precipitate out of the water and it looks like snow. The phenomenon is much more common in Marine aquarium where people are packing in nutrients for hard coral though.
On some distant planets it rains diamonds. In the oceans it literally snows sh*t and corpses. Sorry, marine biologists, I will probably keep studying astronomy
Thank you. I feel like UA-cam is drowning in mass delusions. There's so much misinformation on social media. I was so relieved when I saw that the earth is still round. Lol I'm so happy I found this channel. But I thought it was going to be about a snow storm.
That's called click bateing. And its not round its wider at the equator then the poles. Did you know the what we call the north pole is actually the magnetic south pole of the earth... Thats why north on a compass is attached to it haha hooe you enjoy their videos they do a pretty good job but remember always double check sources sometimes people make mistakes or new information has come out🖖🤓🤙
@@adumberfling9959 so your trying to tell me the earth is flat. Lmfao We have great medical and scientific breakthroughs all the time. That's what we are suppose to do. Advance. There are so many people believing things that have absolutely no scientific proof at all. In fact, it's becoming a danger to the rest of us. First and foremost this insane vaccination scare. I have often wondered how we have lost past civilization's technology. Or somehow forgotten past technology like the pyramids. Now it's becoming clearer to me as I watch people believing any dumb thing that they see on a UA-cam video. People are trying to undo medical advances with no scientific basis. We use to have a saying that went something like, only believe half of what you see, and none of what you hear.
@@ImissYouSweetpea hey sorry for the miss understanding I'm not saying the earth is flat Alice by any means. I was just attempting to be a smartass by saying the rotation of the earth makes it slightly wider at the equator then the poles I know the earth is not flight. I am dumb but I don't believe everything I see or hear online but I dont think people that honest believe unproven things are A. Just like going against the grain and more enjoy upsetting people then actually believing in whatever... Unless its religion... people really do believe in that stuff... Thats way scarier to me then some small % of people beliving in nonsense that doesn't affect millions of people everyday... Anyways my bad again Alice never stop learning take care.
@@adumberfling9959 lol I'm sorry I thought you were telling me the is flat. Sure earth is not exactly round. I guess there are plenty of crazy people who will try to get a rise out of rational people by spreading unbelievable things that they themselves don't actually believe.
This has absolutely NOTHING to do with this great video Hank, but I gotta say; that new hairstyle is quite becoming. You may give Michael some competition for who has the best hair on SciShow! 😁
Plants and trees. Plants and trees are nature's CO2 storage. More CO2 in the atmosphere means more plant food. More plant food = more plants and trees.
This might be a naive question, but if we were to distribute food waste made by us evenly over the surface of the ocean and let it become marine snow, would that be solving part of the emission problems created by wasted food?
Something just occurred to me. Seeing fish, and other various marine life, don't have an outhouse or plumming to properly process their fecal matter, wouldn't a portion, if not part of the greater majority, of the methane coming from the ocean floor be from rotting and fermenting fishpoo and dead marine life?
No, fish and marine animals produce very little impact on the atmosphere through metane and carbón, which are not released directly into the atmosphere but mostly difuse in the water and are used by other organisms, especially if you compare them to our domestic animals from large industries such as cows, sheep, pigs and chicken who release their methane directly into the atmosphere and whose waste is dumped in rivers and lakes which intoxicates that ecosystem
Dang, Hank. These tiny plankton thingies sound pretty interesting. Y'all ever considered doing an episode or two about them? I think it'd be kinda neat. ...okayokayi'llstopnowipromise...
Hope no ape discovers that it can use the liquid created by millions of years of pressure and heat applied on carbon sediments stored and use it to power its civilization
nature is amazing and instead of working with it, we are destroying it and basically ourselfs. Nature will have it's revenge and i hope i won't be here to experience it... Amazing video as always!
The hammer like structures convert the circular motion of motor into an up-and-down motion for pumping. If you're asking what effect the up-and-down motion has underground then I have no idea.
Those are levers, with a pump on one end, a motor on the other, and weights scattered around. The "hammer head" is itself a weight. On the opposite end of the metal bar that it's mounted on you see a linkage, which itself is connected to a motor, which itself is pretty much always electric. The pivot is between, where that triangular spar suddenly squares off. The cable or pole connected to the hammer head connects to the pump, and is used to drive it's action. There are multiple designs of these, including with various numbers and placements of weights. The ones I'm most familiar with have two more weights mounted to the motor with arms, and themselves serve to stabilize the force going to the linkage bars.
Thanks guys. It would be nice to watch a 3d animated video in action and the effect they have underground step by step. But I think I understand the principle now.
What is Marine Snow? What is the organic matter of marine snow generally made of? What happens when the plankton die? What forms the base of the food chain deep in the ocean? What is the role marine snow plays in the Carbon Cycle? What is the largest area of carbon storage on the planet? How did marine snow help to cool the planet? How much of the planet's excess heat goes into the Ocean? What happens when more CO2 enters the ocean?
Another great video (expect nothing less from you guys by now) A minor nitpick though (ok, again... I know): 3 bn square km of the sea floor? And I thought the total area of planet Earth was around 510 mn km^2.... Then again, if you count all the nooks and crannies, in small enough granules...
LOL. It actually does sound like a colour from Pantone or some paint colour chart. Much grosser in reality. Imagine what that sea floor is like, with all that minging rotting ooze. Probably good it's underwater, and therefore can't be smelled.
We can do it, but it requires energy. When you consider that we're emitting the carbon for the sake of getting energy in the first place, well, you need to keep strategizing.
Larvaceans are so cute like little tadpole like creatures which make mucus houses err biofilters to feed themselves a diet of dead stuff and critter crap by beating their tails. It may be disgusting to us but its yummy dinner to them. I have to worry about the effects of microplastics on them however....
Our researchers are concerned about this too: www.mbari.org/larvaceans-provide-a-pathway-for-transporting-microplastics-into-deep-sea-food-webs/ www.mbari.org/microplastics-water-column/
Thanks to those of you who pointed out the 3 billion square kilometers number is wonky! We got that out of a peer-reviewed paper, but it turns out they added a zero (the paper they cited actually said 300 million square kilometers, not 3 billion). We should have dug a bit deeper with that number, so we apologize!
The papers in question, if anyone wants to learn more about this and how those numbers came about:
pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/47/1/91/567642/Sequestration-and-subduction-of-deep-sea-carbonate (added a 0)
agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/93GB02524
Hi SciShow., My question: As sea levels rise will the pressure increase on the sea floor? If so, any ideas of what might happen to critters living there?
@@currysues you sweet summer child. they're going to die just like we are and everything else on the entire planet
Amazing! Tiny but mightyà
@@Erica-ye7kp Uh, no.
Don't eat yellow snow.
And don't eat marine snow.
When the white frost comes...
or the pink snow
Unless you're a vampire squid.
Dont eat Brown snow either.
I you have to admit that you don't eat yellow snow, you probably eat yellow snow.
The million dollar question is whether Hank’s undershirt is green and got keyed out and replaced with the background color, or if it’s actually the same blue as the background.
NOOOO IM DISTRACTED FOREVER NOW
Try 720p
It’s blue. The white grid doesn’t show on it when he is off centre, and in many shots the top is just slightly less vibrant than the background.
It did take a second watch of the video to check though!!
I can’t un-see that now
Terry Maximum-Effort but there aren’t any grid lines in the center, so could be a green undershirt
"We do not want to go back to the hothouse of the Cretaceous."
Cretaceous at 6:05: Sea level 330 ft (99m) higher than today.
No, we don't.
But we’re doing our damnedest to do a throwback
I mean, the beach would be way closer to my home.
If we were to get the same amount of CO2 in the atmosphere again as 110 million years ago, we wouldn't get the same climate, because the sun today is about 1% more luminous, so it'd be even hotter.
That blasted prehistoric life driving cars around and getting all that carbon in the air. Don't they know they melted the polar icecaps? Natural heating and cooling cycles my butt.
It would rid us of the worst parts of California, so actually, yes, we do.
How about an episode on seahorses, seadragons, and related bony fish? They’re really cool and I bet Monterey bay aquarium would sponsor something like that!
they didnt sponsor my wedding to a sea cucumber...
@Shivam tyagi research channel to be fair, I didn't ask, but, you know, forbidden love... And run on sentences...
I like the underrepresented stay-at-home-dad species, also.
@Shivam tyagi research channel
Seahorse males carry/protect the eggs, in a tail pouch, until they hatch.
That's interesting & somewhat unique!
It's more on the abdomen tan the tail. The females insert the eggs into the pouch where they are fertilized by the male. The male is then pregnant for about 22-27 days before giving birth to the fry.
Monterey Bay Aquarium is only a couple hours from me and I haven't been there in nearly a decade. I think it's time I visit them again.
Definitely should, the jellyfish exhibit is awesome. Have some videos of it from when I lived there, locals get a free week in December and I definitely took advantage.
Care to go together?
Visit Laguna Seca if you're in Monterey Cali!
Snows organic matter? So cloudy with a Chance of meatballs?
*Cloudy with a chance of fish poop.
more like the giblets of your brethren
Yes kinda
Do you want to build a snowman?
Way down, beyond the suns ray!
You'll never see light anymore
Come on down to the sea floor
And we'll lock that carbon away.
+
I love Frozen and Sci show lol
+++++
Bless you 💖
Do you want to build a snowman?
Oxygen is overestimated!
And so is having eyes!
Alternative name would be sea dandruff :O
A better name really, it's not snow at all.
*Reads title*
Well, I know what that "snow" is actually made of and I'm not going to stick my tongue out for that.
@Evi1M4chine r/whoosh
@Evi1M4chine I'm aware of what the fermentation process does, but we developed that process for food preservation and expanding our palettes. A side benefit of the microbe poop product is that it takes complex molecules and makes them simpler. Otherwise it would take more energy for our bodies to digest or we don't have the machinery/internal microbial helpers to do so. As for marine snow, I still wouldn't stick *my* tongue out, because I don't have digesting capability to do so, nevermind the "acquired taste" for it.
Only because the marketing dept hasnt decided you are, yet.
Ketsueki Kumori: Well, the reasons _I_ wouldn't stick my tongue out for it are 1) I'm not adapted to life in that particular biome, so if I tried to do it, I'd either 2) drown, or 3) be crushed by the intense pressures long before then.
Adriano Zambrana Marchetti pretty sure that wasn't woosh worthy. considering that the rebuttal is not hitting the 'point of the joke' but only added information
“You scoundrel! Is that brandy?”
“No sir, just water.”
“Oh never touch the stuff. Fish $&@! in it.”
RIP Woodhouse
Thank you😍
Fans from Sri Lanka 🇱🇰❤️
i always wondered how huge piles of chalk could build up. It seems like it would take way too long to form huge landmasses like the cliffs of dover and such but i guess it makes pretty good sense if this stuff is literally raining down all the time
Huge fan of the MBARI footage. Just the most surreal, alien environment. Amazing to see.
Thanks! We love sharing our work with the world-and now this the SciShow audience!
I wonder what else hides down there... I love your productions!! Cheers from Germany!
Hi neighbour! 😃🇩🇰 These guys are great! On their channel "Journey to the Microcosmos" I believe it is a German guy who does the footage taking samples from local ponds and stuff! If you like this I think you'll like the other one too! 🥰
Love this channel. I was watching your episode on unfarmable foods and saw that you are based out of Montana. Nice to see Montana exporting knowledge! Keep up the good work.
This is really fascinating how the life on this planet all works together in different ways, like how this 'marine snow' feeds the denizens of the deep waters and stores carbon at the bottom of the ocean. But then you had to ruin it by emphasizing AGW, instead of letting people be persuaded by how the life/atmosphere cycle works.
Anyway, I'd like to see more of these deep sea creatures that are at or near the bottom of the ocean, especially if you've got video!
Wow the ocean is freaking amazing in every possible way
You linked it to a lot of important points! Like ocean heating and acidification.
In tears. Beautiful footage and so much accurate information.
The Deep: the one place it's okay to eat the yellow snow.
Maybe I'm old, but I'm kinda tickled that the research group's acronym sounds sort of like one of the alien races from Babylon 5 :D :D :D
I came looking for this comment! I barely remember watching some of B5 when I was little, but rewatched it just a couple years ago!
I'm a marine nerd so I see a lot of MBARI stuff around, but the association never ceases to tickle me, especially considering the Minbari are vaguely ocean-y in design >u
Ahhhh my two fave science channels working together!!!
Wouldn't be a Scishow episode on the environment without a climate change lecture, cheers to the crew for making another successful drinking game video 😎🥃
Random FACT: Guinness estimates that 93,000 liters of beer are lost in facial hair each year in the UK alone. 🍺🍻🧔
That would be over a liter per person.
In Czechia, its two times larger
Bruh
Gareth Baus r u dumb
Cobblers. I know lads who will do that over a long weekend.
Some of the wankers could do with a gutter fixed on their chin.
Hank, you had me at "mucus snowball."
One of the big questions posed by my college Geology Professor had to do with where all of the carbon needed to produce diamonds came from. I think this video just answered that question......
I guess I should keep a more open mind about the value of the content you present. This was certainly interesting to me, but I wouldn't have guessed so based on the specific subject in the title. Thank you.
Super interesting! I'd be very curious about research about increasing the amount of marine snow and carbon sequestration. Maybe some kind of aquaculture to grow specific algea that sequester carbon more quickly, using a fleet of robots that fertilize and cultivate large swathes of ocean. Maybe even using genetically engineered algae that are very good at sequestering carbon to the seafloor.
Because that plant a tree thing won't do much, but the ocean is large and unused by people. So using automation you could build fleets of robot ships analyzing the water composition, adding chemicals to promote ideal growth for carbon sequestration.
It's honestly the only thing that makes sense to me that could be done on scale for carbon sequestration.
MBARI researchers have done some investigations on carbon sequestration in the deep sea: www.mbari.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Barry-et-al.-2005-JGR.pdf
www.mbari.org/ocean-acidification-warming-deoxygenation/
www.mbari.org/science/seafloor-processes/greenhouse-gases/
www.mbari.org/carbon-pulses-climate-models/
You all are terrific and I am so glad to support what I can to your work!Keep it up, and thanks so much!
It is genuinely fascinating and horrifying to a chthonic or cthulhean degree the razor edge we are balanced on and our utter disregard for that edge.
Like, we go around dumping whatever wherever and just basically ruining the environment and if we genuinely managed to break the ocean and kill all life in it we would go so quickly.
So much life in the ocean that is basically responsible for supporting the rest of earth's life.
It's terrifying when you really look and see the thread we hang by and yet pay no attention to.
There are species that have died out in like 2 weeks. We'll survive 3 without food, so we'd probably die out in that length
Yep, which is why people who are in the right economic situations should watch their carbon footprint
You come across as panicked about the situation, but panic never helps. The western countries are already moving towards greener systems, it's just a question of how to magnify that to the desired level.
If you want to understand the right way, first give up on your hopes: the 4 degree change will _not_ be avoided, neither hydrogen nor batteries will do the trick, and solar & wind aren't up to the job. For the middle term, the answer is nuclear and methane. Further along, Solar Power Satellites _(not_ ground-based solar! Because the numbers don't work otherwise!) and _maybe_ fusion, with most mobile power taken by batteries (it will be decades before batteries are cheap enough).
The reason is that the 2nd & 3rd world needs to be made green, not the 1st world. The 1st world's carbon emissions are already decreasing, but the 2nd & 3rd world have much lower finances, and are where the emissions are growing the most.
By going with methane, the growth can be slowed (methane has lower carbon emissions than coal), and eventually stopped (methane can be produced artificially, in the Sabatier reaction). Batteries of decent size are too expensive for most individuals in the 1st world, and will remain so for decades due to the need to extract and process the raw materials, which is why I listed them as long-term instead of short term. Hydrogen doesn't work because it's horrible: leaks through literally every available material, _damages_ many of the most useful in the process, doesn't work well in ICE engines due to multiple design conflicts, fuel cells are at least as bad as batteries but _won't_ get much better, etc.
The nuclear vs solar & wind thing is similarly pragmatic. Nuclear waste sticks around for a long time, but the worst of it only does so because we aren't yet trying to make it _less dangerous,_ just to bury it away. By reprocessing it, we can convert much of the remaining radioactivity into energy, thus catching two birds with one stone. By throwing components of the fuel through breeder reactors, we can do the same. Both of these have points of concern, but they are points that we can (and largely _have)_ engineer solutions to, and are furthermore _short term_ problems that can be more easily mitigated and even prevented than the long-term problems that they reduce or remove.
As for solar & wind, well, they don't offer the needed return on energy investment. Both are stuck below 7x, but 7x is what we need for modern civilization, so it's not really negotiable. If they at least got to 6x then there might be room for possibility, but when you take power reliability into account they're down around 4x instead, and don't actually have a lot of potential to improve (especially solar, which is already maxing out at close to half it's possible planet-side energy efficiency). Nuclear is in comparison somewhere around 20x to 35x return on invested energy. Solar Satellites are a bit more speculative, but also somewhat certain. We don't really have that infrastructure worked out yet, but we know that the potential is much better due to the absence of thermal cycling-related damage out around geosynchronous. Further, once the materials are recycled, much of the energy required can be provided by simple mirrors. Unfortunately, the absence of an existing lunar mining base and orbital industrial base renders actual numbers nonexistent. It can be predicted that they'll eliminate any concerns about power reliability (which pushes the most productive solar systems close to 7x by itself), that they'll have a higher total production (due to available energy: the atmosphere absorbs and reflects a notable percentage), and that recycling will be easier than on Earth (vacuum + zero-gravity + easy solar energy availability allows cheap & chemical-free smelting), but it's hard to know how soon useful volumes of material with a primarily Lunar-originating infrastructural system will be available, and _that_ is precisely what is needed. It could happen in 10 years, or in 150. Fusion is similar to Solar Power Satellites, except that it still requires development of the theoretics, while Solar Power Satellites just require Lunar mining (high temperature vacuum distillation: there've been tests in vacuum chambers on Earth), launch to orbit from the Moon (via mass drivers: often tested on Earth), orbital processing (there've been some tests on the ISS and Space Shuttles), orbital manufacturing (there's been research, but I don't know of orbital tests), and power transmission (it's been tested in the Earth's atmosphere, which is expected to be the hardest part: any modern telescope has enough accuracy, whether on Earth or in orbit), all of which are fairly straight-forward to plan around.
@@absalomdraconis panicked? No. I find it actually kinda funny.
Though you'll forgive me if I prefer not to read the rest of your paper.
@@glenngriffon8032 How foolish of you. You whine about the environment, then mock the people proposing positive change...which just goes to show that your religion is phony.
I just finished Nagiasu and now I find out the warm snow from that anime is actually real. Crazy.
put enough pressure on fecal pellets and you get diamonds .
Thanks to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute and Monterey Bay Aquarium for partnering with us on this episode of SciShow. All of the amazing deep-sea video you are about to see was taken with MBARI's remotely operated vehicles! Head to mbari.org to learn more about their mission and latest research.
Have can they cover 3 billion km2. When the surface of the earth is 510 million km2.
In one video you state 97% of the ocean has not been explored, in this video you state most the ocean floor dont have vents. hmmmmm How can you state this when you yourself state the oceans floors are the least explored on the planet?
Amazing how pressure, death, and sh*t are all a part of the life cycle. Blows my mind every time I try to put all that into perspective. Thanks Sci-Show and Monterey Bay Aquarium for another fantastic episode! :)
Why don't we want to have a warmer climate? It takes more than Co2 to cause global warming. Climate change has been happening ever since the planet has been able to support life.
The plants are suffering under the amount of Co2 in our atmosphere and is the reason why people who have green houses pump Co2 inside those glass houses. Co2 is plant food and without it, wouldn't be pretty. The earth is still recovering from the last ice age where the growing of food was limited to certain areas. When I hear leadership or people like Bill Gates saying that we need to eliminate Co2 from the atmosphere is totally insane. Plants, shrubs and trees breathe Co2 and exhale Oxygen. You eliminate Co2, you will be eliminating yourself as the ice sheet that ends up covering your bones for thousand and thousands of years until some asteroid hits to warm up the planet or we move closer to the sun. Another thing that will happen as the sun ages. It might turn into a red giant and it will effect global warming on Earth.
So cool to hear about a place in thats in my backyard! While Monterey is a special place, it's not a big city and it's not a big aquarium. It's a beautiful place full of life ,nature, shopping, and good food! Definitely one of my favorite places to go in Ca.
I'm really happy that the Minbari are helping with this.
Hank,
scishow,
Thanks guys. You've taught me more about our planet and life than school ever did
Happy to be one of the firsts to come up. Great video, I'm really thankful
I love how you still explain the next step in the carbon cycle: VOLCANOES!
My favorite was the little Raptor model in the corner there for no reason.
I always wondered what happened to all the marine waste.
When it’s snowing Marines I’m pretty sure your country did something to piss off the USA. That, or have oil.
Great joke
We have our own oil. You could have left that off and been funnier.
The winter version of (It's) Raining Men.
@@chris5942 nope , it actually makes it slightly more realistic.
Chris M it’s not about who has more oil, it’s about enriching existing oil companies. The more oil, the more profits. We have a history of overthrowing governments when they try to nationalize their oil supply. This is fact separated from politica
Last time I was this early global warming hadn't set it in and we had snow on Christmas Eve....
Go north.. no global warming there
@@grootdiaz494 global warming is everywhere actually. And it should be called climate change since it doesn't just warm up the temperature, it makes them more extreme
@@nebulabunny8633 no ned climate change is a real thing.. global warming is propaganda.. the planet has cycles of hot and cold.. there is absolutely nothing we can do to change this.. but good luck with the efforts considering we do not control the rest of the world and our contribution is less than 10%
@@grootdiaz494 no, the temperatures of the natural cycle are not as extreme as they are now, releasing of gases of greenhouse effect from human industrialization are affecting the climate. Just make a simple Google search and you'll have all the info, if you don't believe in climate change then you're most likely republican and it's not my responsibility to educate you into what your president mindwashed you to believe with no actual evidence of, educate yourself, you have plenty of resources and even this channel is great at doing so, I'm not a teacher
@@grootdiaz494 I live in Denmark xD
Thank you so much for including your sources! You have no idea how much this helps me!
I read that this is how oil/gas deposits are formed, sand covers the "marine snow" and it eventually turns into oil. Just look at all the major oil/gas deposits in the world all of them used to be under water for millions of years.
I was really looking forward to listen to some strange phenomena of underwater, salt-like crystals with a tendency to sink, hence actual Ocean Snow.
Instead, it was the sea flesh blizzard. I'm mildly disappointed, but don't get me wrong, it is interesting to hear about the bizarre food chain down there.
thank you very much for the term "sea flesh blizzard", I'll add that to the list hpffffft
In areas that are less acidic with a lot of calcium in the ocean, it is possible for the calcium to precipitate out of the water and it looks like snow.
The phenomenon is much more common in Marine aquarium where people are packing in nutrients for hard coral though.
I loved this video.
I have no comment for your disappointment.
@@WireMosasaur Your very welcome, kind stranger~
@@herranton oooooh that's awesome! Does it have a name?
"ITS SNOWING!!! YEAH!!!!"
"ew poopie"
This pairs so well with John's recent vlogbrothers video
Should do an episode on coral spawning.
Looks like the little trashmaid can make a snow angel after all
On some distant planets it rains diamonds. In the oceans it literally snows sh*t and corpses. Sorry, marine biologists, I will probably keep studying astronomy
On the other hand, you can SEE marine snow, whereas the diamond rain will quite possibly never be seen by a pair of eyes that are human.
@@garethdean6382 It's also readily accessible unlike his several million light million light years away planet.
@@idyllsend6481 Implying that billion bar pressure ten thousand degrees hot acid atmospheres are accessible otherwise.
The carbon storing ooze. Yes!!! :D
6:06 would be perfect to see in the middle of those two earths, "year 1800 more glaciers, bigger ice sheets, CO2 concentracion: 280ppm"
Amazing! Love it!
Thank you. I feel like UA-cam is drowning in mass delusions. There's so much misinformation on social media. I was so relieved when I saw that the earth is still round. Lol I'm so happy I found this channel. But I thought it was going to be about a snow storm.
That's called click bateing. And its not round its wider at the equator then the poles. Did you know the what we call the north pole is actually the magnetic south pole of the earth... Thats why north on a compass is attached to it haha hooe you enjoy their videos they do a pretty good job but remember always double check sources sometimes people make mistakes or new information has come out🖖🤓🤙
One of the few times the term Click bait is actually true XD
@@adumberfling9959 so your trying to tell me the earth is flat. Lmfao We have great medical and scientific breakthroughs all the time. That's what we are suppose to do. Advance. There are so many people believing things that have absolutely no scientific proof at all. In fact, it's becoming a danger to the rest of us. First and foremost this insane vaccination scare. I have often wondered how we have lost past civilization's technology. Or somehow forgotten past technology like the pyramids. Now it's becoming clearer to me as I watch people believing any dumb thing that they see on a UA-cam video. People are trying to undo medical advances with no scientific basis. We use to have a saying that went something like, only believe half of what you see, and none of what you hear.
@@ImissYouSweetpea hey sorry for the miss understanding I'm not saying the earth is flat Alice by any means. I was just attempting to be a smartass by saying the rotation of the earth makes it slightly wider at the equator then the poles I know the earth is not flight. I am dumb but I don't believe everything I see or hear online but I dont think people that honest believe unproven things are A. Just like going against the grain and more enjoy upsetting people then actually believing in whatever... Unless its religion... people really do believe in that stuff... Thats way scarier to me then some small % of people beliving in nonsense that doesn't affect millions of people everyday... Anyways my bad again Alice never stop learning take care.
@@adumberfling9959 lol I'm sorry I thought you were telling me the is flat. Sure earth is not exactly round. I guess there are plenty of crazy people who will try to get a rise out of rational people by spreading unbelievable things that they themselves don't actually believe.
This has absolutely NOTHING to do with this great video Hank, but I gotta say; that new hairstyle is quite becoming. You may give Michael some competition for who has the best hair on SciShow! 😁
Yo Monterey is in my backyard, I love that place!
Plants and trees. Plants and trees are nature's CO2 storage. More CO2 in the atmosphere means more plant food. More plant food = more plants and trees.
This might be a naive question, but if we were to distribute food waste made by us evenly over the surface of the ocean and let it become marine snow, would that be solving part of the emission problems created by wasted food?
Excellent content
I found this video interesting AND unique and I shared it with several middle school science teachers !!
Something just occurred to me. Seeing fish, and other various marine life, don't have an outhouse or plumming to properly process their fecal matter, wouldn't a portion, if not part of the greater majority, of the methane coming from the ocean floor be from rotting and fermenting fishpoo and dead marine life?
Outhouses and plumbing do NOT prevent methane production.
No, fish and marine animals produce very little impact on the atmosphere through metane and carbón, which are not released directly into the atmosphere but mostly difuse in the water and are used by other organisms, especially if you compare them to our domestic animals from large industries such as cows, sheep, pigs and chicken who release their methane directly into the atmosphere and whose waste is dumped in rivers and lakes which intoxicates that ecosystem
@@CorwynGC you got that right (having helped my dad repair the septic tank a couple times)
Monterey Bay Aquarium? Surely you mean the Maritime Cetacean Institute in Sausalito, former home to George and Gracie... :P
2:38 How do you spell that creature's name?
Seconded, would love to Google it.
Monterey Bay Aquarium is awesome, have some videos of it. The jellyfish exhibit is awesome.
i wonder if there are any ancient languages which describe land as "between the two skies", given that sea things basically work like air things
Dang, Hank. These tiny plankton thingies sound pretty interesting. Y'all ever considered doing an episode or two about them? I think it'd be kinda neat.
...okayokayi'llstopnowipromise...
Kuddos for going metric. Hopefully it catches on ;)
Hope no ape discovers that it can use the liquid created by millions of years of pressure and heat applied on carbon sediments stored and use it to power its civilization
got some bad news for you buddy
F
WHA....?? You mean, the planet is DESIGNED to balance naturally?? No way!
I like your sponsor, they found Dory.
This is really interesting. Thank you.
That's really cool! Wow!
Imma Take a run as well
So, Spongebob was on to something, but underwater snow isn't from an iceberg...
If there weren't shadows casting on his shirt I'd swear it was a green shirt.
nature is amazing and instead of working with it, we are destroying it and basically ourselfs. Nature will have it's revenge and i hope i won't be here to experience it...
Amazing video as always!
It can you do more videos on the insanity of the Mushroom Kingdom
5:33 is that the raptor from Turok?
Who says we don't want to go back to the hot house of the Cretaceous? You don't speak for me.
So... if water isn’t wet but only makes things wet... is the underwater snow wet?
6:32 Always wondered when talking about oil sites, about these hammer like structures are and how they work.
The hammer like structures convert the circular motion of motor into an up-and-down motion for pumping.
If you're asking what effect the up-and-down motion has underground then I have no idea.
They are pumpjacks.
Those are levers, with a pump on one end, a motor on the other, and weights scattered around. The "hammer head" is itself a weight. On the opposite end of the metal bar that it's mounted on you see a linkage, which itself is connected to a motor, which itself is pretty much always electric. The pivot is between, where that triangular spar suddenly squares off. The cable or pole connected to the hammer head connects to the pump, and is used to drive it's action. There are multiple designs of these, including with various numbers and placements of weights. The ones I'm most familiar with have two more weights mounted to the motor with arms, and themselves serve to stabilize the force going to the linkage bars.
Thanks guys. It would be nice to watch a 3d animated video in action and the effect they have underground step by step. But I think I understand the principle now.
What is Marine Snow?
What is the organic matter of marine snow generally made of?
What happens when the plankton die?
What forms the base of the food chain deep in the ocean?
What is the role marine snow plays in the Carbon Cycle?
What is the largest area of carbon storage on the planet?
How did marine snow help to cool the planet?
How much of the planet's excess heat goes into the Ocean?
What happens when more CO2 enters the ocean?
Larvacea be like "I HAVE YOU NOW!"
If the carbon is stored at the seafloor anyway, then maybe it's not a bad idea to trap CO2 under high pressure in the deep ocean.
5:32 - 5:50
CRABS!!!! they look so nice
Awww, well spotted!
So does Hank’s shirt actually match the background or was it just green?
So Spongebob Squarepants is scientifically accurate, I think?
Another great video (expect nothing less from you guys by now)
A minor nitpick though (ok, again... I know): 3 bn square km of the sea floor? And I thought the total area of planet Earth was around 510 mn km^2.... Then again, if you count all the nooks and crannies, in small enough granules...
I like oceans
I thought "marine snow" was going to be something nicer, sounds like a pantone color 😅❄❄❄❄❄❄😅
LOL. It actually does sound like a colour from Pantone or some paint colour chart.
Much grosser in reality. Imagine what that sea floor is like, with all that minging rotting ooze. Probably good it's underwater, and therefore can't be smelled.
I wanted to see a Marine blizzard.
Do we have the technology to grab and store carbon ourselves?
carbon capture and sequestration is that name you were searching for
We can just plant trees
We can do it, but it requires energy. When you consider that we're emitting the carbon for the sake of getting energy in the first place, well, you need to keep strategizing.
Ahh, the Monterrey Bay Aquarium.
I saw a sea urchin take a dump there.
Very educational .
wow!
I was convinced it was marine snow, but i had to be sure. Nature is weird like that.
Aw, I enjoyed this a lot but my favourite marine ecology word didn't get said; "siliceous ooze" xD (say it out loud, it's fun)
Why do I feel like they are mixing up calcium and carbon in some of the explanations? Or maybe I just don't understand it correctly.
Larvaceans are so cute like little tadpole like creatures which make mucus houses err biofilters to feed themselves a diet of dead stuff and critter crap by beating their tails. It may be disgusting to us but its yummy dinner to them. I have to worry about the effects of microplastics on them however....
Our researchers are concerned about this too: www.mbari.org/larvaceans-provide-a-pathway-for-transporting-microplastics-into-deep-sea-food-webs/
www.mbari.org/microplastics-water-column/
*reads title*
Wait, what?