All 13 Ungulate Families (Odd & Even-Toed)
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- Опубліковано 27 тра 2024
- Ungulates are split between odd-toed individuals such as tapirs and rhinos, and even-toed individuals, which include bovids, giraffes, regular deer, mouse deer and, rather bizarrely, whales who are the closest extant relatives to the hippopotamus, another ungulate. In this guide, we'll explore all 13 types of ungulate, how they evolved and where they are located.
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00:26 Odd-toed Ungulates
00:46 Rhinocerotidae | Rhinos
01:56 Tapiridae | Tapirs
02:59 Equidae | Horses, Zebra & Asses
04:09 Even-toed Ungulates
04:30 Camelidae | Camels & Llamas
05:39 Suina | Pigs
06:50 Cetruminantia Split
07:26 Cetacea | Whales
08:32 Hippopotamidae | Hippos
09:38 Ruminantia | Ruminants & Their Digestive System
10:18 Tragulidae | Mouse Deer
10:57 Antilocapridae | Pronghorn
11:37 Giraffidae | Giraffes & Okapi
12:46 Cervidae | Deer
14:03 Moschidae | Musk Deer
14:43 Bovidae | Bovines
Media & Attribution
All footage is used under licence from Storyblocks. All images are used under license from Shutterstock.com. Below is a Google Doc containing each section with the photographers' names. Thank you to everyone who makes their work available for use. Covering all of the wonderful species in these videos would not be possible without your incredible work.
docs.google.com/document/d/1R...
Music
All of the music used in this video is available at Epidemic Sound. If you need music and would like to support the channel, please find a referral link below.
tbtrvl.com/epidemicsound
Sources & Further Reading
Listed below are the sources used to create the video.
Animal Diversity
animaldiversity.org/
Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungulate/
Rhinos
www.treehugger.com/difference...
www.kariega.co.za/blog/rhino-...
Are there any Northern white rhinos left?
www.bbc.com/news/world-africa...
Black rhino distribution
wwf.panda.org/discover/knowle...
blogs.scientificamerican.com/...
Tapirs
tapirs.org/tapirs/
Largest domestic horse breeds
prohorse.com.au/blogs/pa/larg...
Even-toed ungulate definition
www.newworldencyclopedia.org/...
Largest and smallest pigs
www.guinnessworldrecords.com/...
Babirusa tusk issue!
scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzool...
When did Whippomorpha diverge from ruminants?
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Whale characteristics
ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/marin...
Whales’ hair
us.whales.org/do-whales-and-d...
Whale pods
www.whalefacts.org/what-is-a-...
Whale breaching
www.7seaswhalewatch.com/why-d...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Common hippos’ range
news.mongabay.com/2010/06/sav...
Hippos grazing behaviour
www.nationalgeographic.com/an...
Ruminant digestion
www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Rumi...
Okapi numbers
a-z-animals.com/animals/okapi/
Largest ever moose
a-z-animals.com/blog/the-larg...
Deer rutting
www.discoverwildlife.com/anim...
Wildebeest migration
www.nationalgeographic.org/me...
About Textbook Travel:
Videos Exploring The Animal Kingdom & The Natural World
Educational content about the most fascinating elements of our planet and the study surrounding them. Current content includes:
Relatives | A series exploring the most fascinating families in the animal kingdom
How Animals Work | A series exploring animal behaviour, ecology, biology and more
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#textbooktravel #animals #ungulates
Hi everyone! Happy New Year! My community tab hasn't been activated yet so I thought I would leave a quick comment here in the meantime. I just wanted to say thank you for all of the comments you guys have left on the previous videos (I was trying to respond to all of them initially but I can't keep up anymore!) the feedback has been so useful and encouraging.
Initially, I was making the videos for myself but now that the channel is growing and I have some feedback, I am making these videos for you. I've included some diagrams in this one to show the relationship between the families, let me know if this is interesting and if you can think of anything that would further improve the videos, please let me know.
I'll be working my way through the animal kingdom in 2022, I have a list of 50 videos I think are the most compelling so this is going to be a busy year! As soon as the community tab is active I'll post some polls there to gauge which order to make them in. Thank you again, really, it has been a dream of mine for many years to create content like this and the recent growth of the channel has shown me that this is possible :)
Im looking forward to spending this year watching what you create and build
You’ve gained like 1000 subs in the past 24 hours 👀 Keep up the great work!!!
Fun fact: it is thought that pronghorns evolved to be so fast because there once were cheetahs in North America that pronghorns had a bit of an evolutionary arms race with! The cheetahs went extinct but pronghorns didn’t and the result is an animal way faster than it needs to be given the predators in their environment!
Glad to join this educative channel. I will keep following up. Congratulations
Do a complete video on primates. Much love to you! Keep up the good work ❤️
Fun fact about the pronghorn: they actually evolved to be so fast because of an extinct predator, the American cheetah. They easily outrun any extant predators other than humans.
Yes was just about to comment this, cheers!
This is not true, Unlike today's modern African cheetah the American cheetah was larger and more bulkier and wasn't as fast as the African cheetah. The American Cheetah also had retractable claws which crippled it's ability as a fast pursuit predator instead it is more closely related to the cougar and was probably an ambush predator. As for the pronghorn nobody really knows why they are so fast😅.
@@layeeqanwar8228retractable claws doesn’t mean they’re not used. The pronghorn is fast to evade predation.
@@joemungus6063 having retractable claws means the animal can't run as fast as the one without retractable claws
@@layeeqanwar8228What about it makes them run slower with retractable vs. without?
This channel is going to have a great future.
Thank you, Srinivasan! That means a lot to me ☺️
I agree
Not until they do the dinosaurs...
Very big Mortis media vibes love it
@@DzinkyDzink it's overrated. Lot's of other channel had do it already
11:30 Pronghorns are thought to have evolved such running speeds due to the selection pressure imposed by the now extinct American cheetah.
I had completely forgotten about that, thank you! I will be more careful in the future, I shouldn't state my assumptions as facts
@@Textbooktravel Don’t apologise for what wasn’t said. I’ve thoroughly enjoyed all of your videos.
This is not true, Unlike today's modern African cheetah the American cheetah was larger and more bulkier and wasn't as fast as the African cheetah. The American Cheetah also had retractable claws which crippled it's ability as a fast pursuit predator instead it is more closely related to the cougar and was probably an ambush predator. As for the pronghorn nobody really knows why they are so fast😅.
1. Cetaceans are ungulates??!?!? I never knew that, fascinating
2. Mouse deer are the most adorable things I've ever seen
As someone who is incredibly interested in animals and the natural world, I love these videos!
Ungulates are fish too
I have a degree in zoology/conservation biology and these videos are brilliant, teaching me a lot and providing an overview of the taxonomy of species. Loved the snake one. 🐍
You have no idea how much this comment means to me! It's really important to me that the information in these videos is accurate and although I wanted to be when I was younger, I'm not a zoologist so these videos are just my best interpretation of the research I can find. I was quite nervous releasing this one but your comment has made me feel much better! Thank you and happy new year!
@@Textbooktravel 13.37 is sika, not chital species. From a non degree ex field biologist, (displaced by the educated in a modern world)
Excuse me, i am a 14yo who wants to be a zoologist too and I want to know how it is to be one too!!
@@Textbooktravel absolutely amazing information. very in depth yet concise and easy to absorb
I agree, he's really good with taxonomy and explaining it. A lot of these types of videos on YT really get it wrong.
As a certified horse person (it’s been my special interest since I was a wee kid) I thank you so much for getting your facts right about the two species of horse and mentioning that Przewalski’s horses are the only wild ones!
For anyone who may be wondering about American horses: they are in fact feral! Meaning they were horses that were either released or escaped from human captivity. “Horses” (their ancestors) originated in the Americas, but died out at some point and were left only in Asia at that point. They were then “reintroduced” to the Americas through humans! :)
This is very interesting! Thank you for taking the time to add more info. I hope to cover the Equidae family in more detail at some point!
Most likely, Przewalski's horse is feral, as well. Science does not stand still.
Technically not REintroduced since those specific horses were never native to North America. They're just another introduced, non-native feral species
I believe you have it wrong America wild horses are reintroduced native horses. They may have originated in Eurasia, but evolved for millions of years in the North American continent, before becoming (possibly) extinct here. Long enough to be considered indigenous -in my opinion, of course.
"Real, native American" horses went extinct at the beginning of the holocene - Hippidion et al.
As a biology student and lifelong lover of animals and nature and natural science, this channel is fantastic. I love everything about this!
I was perplexed as to how I've been missing your videos until yesterday, but I now realise your channel is only new - so happy I found it, excellent videos! Especially enjoy the longer ones. Thanks for all your hard work!
Thank you, Edgar! Ok, that's good to know; I wasn't sure if people would prefer shorter videos released more quickly or if the longer ones are worth waiting for
I didn't know that cetaceans were ungulated 😮
Recently I have been reading wikipedia and finding more and more interesting facts about subspecies and connections between species that I never knew, which I found so interesting I though about starting to make videos about it. But today your channel showed up in my recomended and you are already doing just that! I am very glad I'm not the only one that finds this interesting! I'm really looking forward to seeing more videos like this (I've already binged all your uploads). Especially a more indepth look into Bovidae would be interesting, as its such a diverse family (which I never realised before this video). Keep up the work! Especially now with the maps these videos are amazing!
Thank you! Yes, absolutely, I hope to get to Bovidae soon (there are so many families!) I would encourage you to make videos too if it's something you want to do. I wish I had done it sooner, I can't tell you how enjoyable it is, especially reading comments like this!
Wow, this is so cool! I’m an aspiring wildlife biologist (sophomore in college right now) and this is so cool! So excited for all the information that will be provided from this channel! Thank you!
Rhinos weighing in at 8000 pounds is absolutely insane
it would be amazing if you did one for the Mustelids, they are always overlooked, and i think they are a pretty neat group of animals.
As a big zoology nerd this is really satisfying to watch, can't wait for the other ungulate videos
My latest D&D character is a satyr whose spirit manifests itself as an American Bison. It was only AFTER watching this video that I learned goats and bison are both of the same family; Bovidae. What started as just "something cool" has now ended up being zoologically correct and also taught me something cool about the animal kingdom. Keep up the awesome work, I am loving this content!
It always amazes me that cetaceans are most closely related to artiodactyls, especially hippos. It’s not too surprising that hippos are the artiodactyls their most closely related to give that hippos have somewhat similar heads and are highly aquatic
You have created the best wildlife channel on UA-cam. Educational and entertaining. Can’t stop watching.
i love these videos, they're really entertaining while being informative! i have a good feeling this channel will blow up someday. thank you for these wonderful videos and all the care and research you put into them!
i love these videos so so much and i'm so excited for the more in-depth videos about ungulates!! I'm learning so much and i get a lot of inspiration to make art from the beautiful photos and clips included in the videos. I also appreciate the inclusion of maps and the diagrams of the relationships between families is super helpful as well. thank you so much for taking the time to make these videos, i really love them :D
Such a wonderful video. Ungulates are really cool animals, and the way you explained each major group was very well done. I have a little suggestion though: maybe next time you need to refer to central and south america you could use the concepts of "neotropical" or "the neotropic". Calling all of that region as "south america" is highly misleading, as for example tapirs inhabit Mexico though Mexico is certainly not in south america. It also reinforces wrong ideas relating to the delimitation of continents, as in the english language the countries from Mexico to Panama are all North American as an example.
The use of the word "Neotropic" could also be more accurate in this particular context, as it describes this particular region formed by a shared animal and plant life.
Thank you for taking the time to explain that Carlos, I really appreciate it. Thats a great suggestion!
Tapirs are my favourite animal! Love them!
I randomly stumbled across these videos while bored, and at first I thought this was a huge, multimillion subscriber channel. The quality, organization, and research in these videos is fantastic and makes for a really enjoyable watch for anyone. I can't wait to see this channel grow!
Thank you for making these videos! They are so informative and incredibly interesting! You must do tons of research and hard work for them, we’re all looking forward to whatever else you create!
The animals are beautiful.
Thank you!!
@@Textbooktravel beautiful
I would love to see a more in dept video on the different species off ungulate.
Also fun facts about reindeer:
While it is well known that males loose their antlers after the rut, in november, younger males, 1-3 years old, will lose them between november-april. Non pregnant females will lose them in april, and mother reindeer will lose them 2 weeks after the calf is born.
Castrated males will also only lose their antlers between november-april.
As a person who has dedicated his life to ungulates, I can say that this is a very nice video.
Just found this channel today and I'm loving it. Can't wait for more! You're doing a great job, keep it up!
Happy new year . Great video your narration is extremely professional . Congrats for more than tripling subs in the last week.
Thank you! I can't believe how quickly the numbers are going up! It's exciting but also quite nerve wracking! Haha, happy new year!
Another great video. As much as I thought I knew about Cetaceans, I have no idea they were considered ungulates.
Great channel! The addition of the diagrams is very helpful with keeping track of all relatives. Best of luck for 2022!
Wow, what an informative and well made video. Thank so much, I truly enjoyed this content.
Thank you for taking the time to comment on each video, George, I appreciate it!
I recently discovered your channel and just want to say your content is incredibly good. Keep making it. I'm sure you're is going to get quite big.
Equidae 3:00
Camelidae 4:30
Suina (Suidae) 5:39
Cetacea 7:26
Giraffidae 11:37
Cervidae 12:46
Bovine 14:44
Textbook Travel: They have three functional toes...
Fourth Toe: My function is none of your business, nongulate!
I can’t believe this channel doesn’t have more subscribers! Glad to be early then. I will love to see this channel grow :]
Finally, someone who can pronounce Przewalski correctly
New subscriber here.... keep up the good work for real brother!! Don't get to big headed because we all know your channel is gonna blow up.. one love 🧛🏾♂️🦇🤙🏾🖤
"The Somali Wild Ass is a particularly beautiful subspecies"
I found my new favorite line.
I'm a new sub, I love your content , could you please make a videos of all the rhinos and it's subspecies but with more details? Thank you
This is such an amazing channel and the creator is so humble and kind in the comments. I'm seriously impressed.
Loving the info you provide in your vids.
I hope your here for the long haul because I'm here for it!
All the best for 2022!
Thank you, Richy! I am for sure! I spent Christmas going through the animal kingdom and have a list of 50 videos I want to make in 2022 so I will try my best to get through all of them! All the best to you too
@@Textbooktravel That's brilliant, you could drop a video a week all year although that's quite some work. Looking forward to your future work, see you soon buddy take care.
You should also make a video on each ungulate family. You have covered Equidae, Rhinocerotidae are well-covered in this video, Tapiridae would also be short. But especially for Bovidae and Cervidae, but a video on Moschidae and Tragulidae would also be lovely!
Your videos are amazing! You deserve much more views, and discovering this channel was a happy surprise for me. Thank you!
I absolutely love your channel!
This is high quality content. I really like the taxonomic visualization and the maps!
This is an incredibly educational channel! So simple, information organized well, and keeps things interesting with relevant clips and pictures. Thank you!
Awesome content man, I love it. As a tutor, your videos serve as great resources for my students. Thank you!
Thankyou so much for the graphs it helps so much!!!!!!
Keep up the great work, Sir.
Good stuff!! Don't stop blessing us with the knowledge pls :D
Great channel, keep growing
There were quite a few surprises in this video. Very cool!
See u in 1 year man, really enjoying this channel for now.
I love this video and your enunciation is perfect which makes it really easy to understand! I wouldn't mind if you make more detailed videos breaking down genus(es?) and each if their species
One genus, many genera
Just found your channel and find the videos really interesting and informative.
Really love these videos. I can't help but notice though that you missed mentioning manatees when talking about the water-dwelling family.
That's because manatees are not ungulates. They are afrotherians which makes them close relatives of elephants, hyraxes and aardvarks.
Thanks for the video.
I love these videos great job
u make awesome content dude keep it up :DD
So young and small, but with content like this, this channel will grow and prosper; all this Amazing contener will help it rise, keep it up!
This is brilliant. Would love a marsupial video but grateful for everything uploaded already!
Truly appreciate the visuals for the classification!
these videos are quickly becoming a part of my bedtime routine!
Amazing video!
I never knew mouse deer were a thing, now I want one
Excellent video 😊
Nah but these videos are actaully so good, pls more animal videos they are so comfy and makes me happy and calm!
Pronghorn’s speed are an evolutionary anachronism, evolved to be so fast and with great stamina to out run, American Cheetahs, American Lions, Jaguars, and short faced bears. However once those species were moved out or died they keep their absurdly high speed because is was still useful. If they evolved just to outrun wolves they would have similar speeds to deer and elk.
Your videos are amazing.
I got a suggestion on making a video like these ones but with cetaceans, or just dolphins/porpoises.
Im a pretty new subscriber and i loved the bear one your videos are high quality and your narration is very professional which is very matchable with your type of content which are really informative and useful i think its gonna attract a lot of viewers i think your gonna have a succesful career
PS-Please make a breakdown on amphibians or reptiles
9:33 talking about death while showing this little cutie
Nice video and channel! I'd love to see a video about the great apes and monkeys, keep it going!!
That polar bear at the end made me smile
I had no idea mouse-deer even existed. Such an oddly-cool animal.
Love this series! Can't wait for a mantis one
I am loving this channel it has very very good content and clear narrative. Thankyou i subscribe you sir.
Great presentation. I was surprised nothing but a passing mention about reindeer, or cariboo , or about musk ox; both are the arctic specialists. No other ungulates live at this high latitude. Mountain goats and sheep also live in extreme environments.
One interesting aspect of deer in my region ( British Columbia) is hybridization: coastal blacktail deer (a 75 pound buck would be a big one) often hybridize with the much bigger mule deer where their respective coastal and interior ranges overlap. I believe whitetail of the Interior also cross with mulies.
The gigantic Roosevelt Elk (really a species of cariboo, or wapiti) was introduced to Vancouver Island (where I live); they get up near moose size (I ran into six bulls standing nose to nose in a circle when I accidentally stumbled into their conference: their noses were over my head. My ridgeback was between my legs as we struggled through thick salal between two massive red cedar stumps, making lots of noise but apparently not to any annoying degree for the elk. We popped out of the snarl right into this circle of huge bulls. Me n my hound just froze, virtual surrounded by tons of breathing meat-both our pairs of eyes about the size of pie plates. The elk just calmly turned and walked away one at at time until they got into a single file-the big lead elk about 80 feet now from us-when they suddenly bolted. The ground rumbled. We could hear them crashing through the forest for quite a way, and see 130-foot tall tree tops whip in the distance, glanced by these massive beats as they ran by. I sat down for a smoke at that point.)
Not sure if its on the list but I would find a follow-up video breaking down Bovidae very interesting! Thanks!
Wow. Subscribed. More pls.
Wow, just come across the channel and immediately in love. Have a subscribe.
I’m just binging ur vids at the moment.
I'm really interested in how well will this channel grow
Another great vid
Great video my daughters love it.😍🤩😀
You sir got me hooked on animals
Excellent video, really well done & informative. Like others I did not know whales were ungulates!! 😳🤔😅
Incredible content
13:46 Fun fact about caribou/reindeer
In the UK they are a category 2 animal, which means they're likely to injure you but not cause any life threatening damage.
During their rutting season, they are classed as a category 1 animal which means they will kill you. This category includes animals like lions, bears, cobras, etc.
Don't mess with a rutting caribou
just subscribed and enjoyed all of your videos, you should do now to the pigeon family. that' s my favorite bird.
I love animals and I love to watch these types of videos.
very nice video´thanks
This is just fantastic, I want to keep on learning about r boss world an the belter creatures what live among us, u should do some videos on birds an the weasel family 👍🏻
3:07 he said "Asses" ahaha
The evolution of Ungulate fascinate me. And the fact that elephants arent an ungulate, even if they have similarities, with tusks, trunks (thinking of the small ones of the tapirs) just give rise to so many questions. And they have some crazy big relatives that are extinct, like Anisodon grande and Paraceratherium (three toed, though the Anisodon grande actually has big sloth like claws!)
I hypothize that stuff like growing big tusk might arise from a single mutation (probably by never inhibiting some growth enzyme/hormone? it just keeps going), and thus it has happend many times, though in different ways. The apprerence of stripes and patterns also seem to exist in distant mammal relatives, like felines, lots of striped tails among monkeys and stuff too. Devolving from legs to fins has also happened a few times, like whales, seals/walruses, seacows and sea turtles.
These videos are truly amazing! Please Marsupials soon!
You make great videos and hapoy new year
Thank you! Happy new year!
I realized I mispelled happy but if I edit it I will lose the heart
Beautifully done giving Sir David Attenborough a run for his money. I will continue to watch this informative and complete channel
Fun fact about the rhinos: They use their horns to make medicine .
a fun theory, the last truly wild horse are actually rumoured to be feral! they were supposedly domesticated for a short period! i assume they spilt off evolved from modern domesticated horses when horses were getting domesticated which makes sense for how they slipped through the cracks! all of the other 'wild' horses are feral so it would make sense if this domestication just happened a while ago!!
Great Content hope you make video for raptors