Ultrawhite Paint (with Barium Sulfate) - Periodic Table of Videos
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- Опубліковано 29 кві 2021
- Scientists believe a special "ultrawhite" paint could be a better way to cool homes and save energy - it uses particles of Barium Sulfate (Sulphate).
More links and info in full description ↓↓↓
Featuring Sir Martyn Poliakoff and Senior Technician Neil Barnes from the University of Nottingham.
Ultrawhite BaSO4 Paints and Films for Remarkable Daytime Subambient Radiative Cooling: pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsa...
Press release: www.purdue.edu/newsroom/relea...
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From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: bit.ly/NottChem
This episode was also generously supported by The Gatsby Charitable Foundation
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: www.bradyharan.com/
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Join Brady's mailing list for updates and extra stuff --- eepurl.com/YdjL9 - Наука та технологія
The Professor and Brady as "Rick & Morty" at 3:22 was hilarious.
I made the mistake of taking a drink at 3:21
In that show its canon too because infinite universes
Screenshots taken so I can remember forever.
I highly doubt the professor knows a single thing about Rick & Morty. 😂
I need that on a t-shirt.
It's so great to see the professor again!
As always!
I’m so glad everyone at Nottingham got through this and got vaccinated. We need more of the professor!
Yes it is!
He's back!
yeah!!
I just love him, he's so wholesome
3:22!
Haha, the professor is way nicer than Rick though!
@@krissp8712 if science existed as a person this is what he would look like
Nearly the Bob Ross of chemistry
Yeah
This is very interesting, though not for the reason that many may think.
Barium Sulfate is nothing new to the industry and neither is the idea to create functional paints that mess with IR in order to create heating or cooling effects.
Conventionally, BaSO4 is used as a functional filler due to its superior chemical and mechanical properties.
However under normal circumstances it is almost useless as a white pigment in comparison to TiO2 because its low refractive index is too close to the binders refractive index, making the dry paint almost transparent rather than opaque white.
What is new with this paper is the particle size distribution of the BaSO4. Particle sizes of pigments in regular paints tend to hit a lower limit in the 1-10 μm ranger due to technical limitations in the milling process.
Reducing particle sizes further and with a very broad distribution to hit as much of the visible spectrum as possible is what causes this very counterintuitve and kind of amazing phenomenon. As with most nanoparticles, things get a bit funky when you reduce the particle sizes into the range of the wavelenghts of visible light.
That said though, from a viewpoint of practicality, getting particles sizes that low and broadly distributed and especially then stabilized in a formulation without loosing the effect to particle flockulation sounds like a major headache that will need to be solved.
Not sure who needed to read this but hey, maybe somebody found it interesting.
It was interesting to me.. Not a paint scientist though. I watched a video where a plastic was dissolved in a solvent and then a small amount of water was added to the dissolved plastic. Too this Barium Sulfate was added 40% by weight. It took several layers to overcome the transparency issue, but the small amount of water added made a big difference. Do not remember the channel.
How close are we to get this in a generic paint container that I can buy and start painting my house with?
I am interested because I am in the process to develop cheap and effective white paint for cooling down my home, My home was constructed with aircrete or cellular concrete coated with a thermal stucco, very effective but now I am painting my home white with a combination of different white powders, paint, sealer and some other binders, I am in the process to develop my own paint in a fraction of the cost and very effective and resistant. Thank you for sharing your knowledge !!
Interesting to me, because I want to use this kind of paint in the future for my own homestead I hope to have some day. Gonna be easy to lose the place in the snow though, so I might need some Vantablack for the trim or something.
I have a hunch that manipulating the BaSO4 nucleation process could address the typical crystal morphologies that give rise to the issues associated with these paints.
an inverse greenhouse would be nice down here at the equator!
Get some barium sulfate then, and paint ya roof with it!
yes very nice idea but i dont want to suffer from hypothermia during rainy days and monsoon season
How to fool most Americans: Tell them to just walk across the equator because cool air and warm air spin in opposite directions on the other side.
@@ivan-1876 one interesting way to go about it is to have a black tarp to put over your roof to keep the heat in. Not sure how effective it would be but I think it would be cool
Barium sulfate is most familiar as a medical "contrast agent". It is used to take x-rays of the stomach and intestines - the patient swallows it, and then doctors take an x-ray and they can see where the barium sulfate is because, rather like bones, it is opaque to x-rays, while the surrounding soft tissue is transparent.
And who doesn't love the Bariumaise? That wonderful mixture of Barium sulfate and mayonnaise for those upper GI studies.
@@m_a_s6069 Barium sulfate and mayonnaise doesn't sound appetizing at all. I imagine some people can eat mayonnaise right out of the jar, but I'm not one of them.
When I had an upper GI study they gave me some barium sulfate to drink. Picture strawberry-flavored chalk.
So does that mean that the paint is also relatively safe?
@@JobvanderZwan The barium is in a binder. The barium might be safe, but there is no guarantee that the binder will be also.
@@Stettafire The binder can be swapped potentially though, so its at least nice that the main ingredient is safe to literally be eaten.
Algerian here: In old ages, the Casbahs were painted in white for the same cooling purposes ( probably they didn't use Barium Sulfate, but most likely used lime) ... now scientists know why it works... I used Barium in my post-doc for pizo applications... now this.. I love this material!
No. Lime does not do the same thing. Nor does ordinary barium sulfate.
Sounds like the perfect paint to paint spacecraft with.
Reflects sunlight and helps with cooling.
Love how you guys used a blue background to make the BaSO4 clouds look just like clouds in a deep blue sky. It looks so nice.
I love the Rick and Morty look of the cartoon versions of them in the green house!
Let's be real here, they extracted this fascinating ultra white from Sir Martyn Poliakoff's hair, didn't they. :-)
Somebody thought of the same joke! lol
Great explanation why this might actually help! When I first heard about it on some crappier science channel, they made it sound as if this paint was just a little bit whiter than conventional paint, making the potential energy savings sound like a claim to get the paper into the news.
Wait, that's the same chemical used in a Barium enema. LOL Fantastic content as always!
explains why your colon's always so cold afterward
Making your insides white and shiny :-)
I had to do a GI test that involved drinking the barium suspension. At high concentrations (is it still called "concentration" if it's not actually dissolved), it really contributes very significantly to the weight. Holding the bottle containing the "milkshake", it's really obvious you're holding something heavier than any typical beverage. And then you're thinking, "I'm about to drink... this heavy liquid."
Yep! Barium Sulfate is a radiocontrast agent.
@@error.418 Which means that in addition to cooling your house, you're also protected from x-rays. Just in case.
I was just reading about this. Very interesting. I did some research a while ago looking at portable adblue storage and dispensing shipping containers for outback Australian truck refuelling points. Adblue must be kept relatively cool and we looked at all sorts of coatings for the containers. Silvium paint was one, but in the end, gloss white was more effective. This stuff would be perfect. (Adblue is a liquid pollutant filter of sorts that you fill diesel cars and trucks. A seperate tank for those that are unaware)
In fact, it's just a solution of rather pure urea.
5 months late but the product you are referring to is known as Deisel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) in the states.
Me: can someone tell me everything there is in this world
Professor: I'm here
Hey I got the same profile pic
@@iPhoner135 awesome
yes!!😂😂
@@iPhoner135 not anymore
@@Karthiksh44 😔
When he said and here's the exciting thing...I was excited when I saw a periodic video in my recommendations
Stunning science. So much potential. Also, I am very glad to see you doing well, sir!
It's funny, because the citizens of mediterranean countries we have painted our houses white for centuries, precisely because of this very same reason. Thanks Professor.
yes but this new paint is white even for invisible light
The cooling properties of white material has been known for an age, but this paint will keep your house considerably cooler than the white paint you've been using all this time.
That's one of two great properties of whitewashing, The other one is that the lime coating keeps water out of cracks between stones and bricks, which protects the walls from erosion.
You could of course paint in color on the white lime, but then you lose the cooling effect, so they usually didn't.
AFAIK, that’s calcium oxide, isn’t it? Odd that calcium is just two up in the table, but I don’t know its reflective or transmissive properties with UV or IR respectively. I know typical white that we use and see can be Ti or Zn oxides.
I work as an engineer for a systems integrator who does alot of outdoor control panels and this sounds like something that would be a game changer. We are constantly fighting heat loading in our panels.
Send several thousand litres to Australia please we need all the help we can staying cool without running a/c's all the time and adding to the co2 problem. Great to see the Prof again he is an absolute legend here.
In the Mediterranean, we use Calcium Hidroxide to paint houses from thousands of years ago. Almost as white and almost the same properties....
Nothing is as white as the professor's hair.
Need to paint buildings in Phoenix Az. with this stuff...
Perfect for tropical and desert environments
We love you, Professor Poliakoff! Hope you are well.
Somebody is very proud of themselves for that cartoon at 3:21 - especially the sound effect.
I love how he's represented as Rick in the drawing
I bet you Australians would be absolutely thrilled to buy barium sulfate paint for their houses in the outback.
I love every time I see this channel in my feed
Extraordinary. Thank you for continuing to produce such great content. 😀
Random internet person - "Vantablack makes for the coolest paint"
Professor - "hold my BaSO4"
The ISS radiator panels use barium sulphate-coated aluminium and steel panels to radiate infrared energy to space via ammonium tubes
That's a incredible discovery!
And you professor are always the best, I wish you good health.
Where can I buy some? I want to paint my house with it.
I was just thinking of the professor the other day, wondering when the next Periodic Video was coming down the pipeline. Little did I know! Thanks, guys! 😊
I love how we just call him "The Professor". I dont even know his name lol
Sir,Gold, silver, platinum has outermost free electrons for conducting electricity....then how could these metals be Nobel metals?
We are in the tropics, and Barium chloride is not that easy to get for regular folks. But we have the closest relative to Barium: Calcium, in the form of Calcium Carbonate (Chalk/Lime) in large quantities. We use lime wash to create a cooling effect for the buildings in the old days, and now we are re-using lime wash to do the same function: passive cooling.
I'm painting trim today with bright white. Spot on Sir. Thanks for content.
Wait a minute, how is it the BaSO4 reflects the sun's infrared radiation, but allows infrared radiation from inside the room to pass to the outside ???
because infrared is a range, not a single thing.
IR from the sun is short wavelength. IR emitted from objects near room temperature is long wavelength.
@@seigeengine Thanks! It is interesting that it reflects such a wide part of the spectrum, and passes just the bottom end.
I wonder which side of that spectrum divide cooking stove radiation is on?
coolest channel i ever seen 💕💕💕
Had a lot of fun producing barium sulfate during my master thesis work. You react sulfate with BaCl2 when you want to analyze the sulfate isotopic composition, which in turn can act as a tracer for the origin of the water you want to study. In my case, that helped me estimate rates of sulfide weathering in my study area.
always lightens my day
I think the professor can use this for achieving the ultimate scientist hairstyle!
Ah if it doesn't cause any harmful reaction to his hair lol
Hahaha hair cooling that’s dope!
Lol
@MichaelKingsfordGray wat
That is absolutely amazing. I don't think most people will realize what an incredible difference that could make.
Thank you for posting the links in the description.
I think most people do realize, the issue would be to find materials that are transparent to the infrared and also suitable to build a house with...
@@Bourinos02 You only need the outer layer to behave like this. A paint is kind of ideal, really. It reflects away all the solar energy and lets whatever materials are underneath it radiate their heat away. If this stuff is durable or could be made durable, it would be utterly amazing.
Excellent finish for colour bond roofing
I love that animation in this video! Priceless
You can do this glass microspheres of a certain size too. They become excited by thermal phonons in the surface and because of their size emit IR light that can exit the Earth's atmosphere via the 'IR Window' and not get trapped as heat.
These coatings can actually cool surfaces several degrees below ambient even in direct sunlight. The effect even works with clouds.
Spoke with 3M on these microspheres and they said they can not not be mixed, sadly but if placed under or over or even better, between walls of this paint, might be quite amazing. Would love to see the results. May try it myself.
Short Wavelength Sunlight animation making me laugh
Hey Neil! I just absolutely love the work you do!
I read about this recently too. It's exciting and doesn't seem to have any downsides.
Since it's transparent to infrared, wouldn't that also mean that the infrared from outside could easily pass in? Wouldn't that mean that a large portion of the heat from outside is able to completely bypass it?
Finally I discovered the professor's super white hair color formula, awesome 😁
Anyway nice to see the professor here again 😄
Finally! There was an article about this (or something very similar) in "The Economist" years ago, but I couldn't find any more details. Up to now!
I absolutely love this idea!
Rick and Morty reference. LOVE IT!
3:25 I will treasure this in the innermost alcove of my heart.
That's amazing! And such a simple solution! Thank you for breaking this down for us Professor!
So many uses. I used as a white diffuse surface to standardize my visible spectrometer. It does not like dirt. It produces a very flat reflectance curve, which in turn provides info on detector and source stability.
Rick and Morty reference is so on point and so good I can't even :D
I dunno, I always thought he was less of a Morty and more of a Jerry.
Professor Rick and Brady Morty are absolute genius! Love it! 🤣
New video on a friday! Thanks Brady.
Same BaSO4 used for baryta photographic paper for its super white properties.
Also, it's be nice as a car paint, keeping the vehicle coooler in the summer
I've got a book from 1930 where scientiest and engenieers try to imaging the energy produktion of 2030 (so 100 years later).
It is in old German writing (Sütterlin) so its not easy to read or to translate, but I found it fascinating how close they were.
I think it has smth to do with the world fair of 1930 in Belgium, but I am not sure.
Tell me if you have any interest.
Now I know what German cursive looked like.
I wonder how well that would work on a drink bottle out in the sun?
Objects that heat up are also a big problem in Space, no more radiators would be required if it's possible to make the spacecraft reflect ALL the incoming light =)
Barium sulfate is also used in GI series examination because it’s stays unreactive under those conditions and absorbs X ray so it shows a silhouette of the inner linings of the hallow tract that’s unlikely to be visible by just the Xray exam alone.
Bob Ross would approve of this paint
This would be a game changer here in Western Australia. Our steel roofs (colourbond) are ideal for being painted.
I wonder how long it would last on the steel roof in our harsh Australian climate
This guy is a living treasure of humanity.
Barium sulphate is also used as a weighting agent used in drilling fluids (muds).
Is this what the professor dyes his hair with?
Yes; it helps keep him cool. 😎
So, if we put one traditional greenhouse right next to the new barium sulfate coated "coolhouse",
can we harvest free solar energy with stirling engine for example?
Yes, though this can be done with white and black painted roofs much more efficiently if we're only interested in the temperature difference between the two buildings.
Steve Mould taught me about titanium dioxide in white paint just yesterday. And now the professor has sort of rendered that knowledge obsolete with his even cooler (literally) paint :)
The professor looks well! Happy to see him come well out of lockdown.
Can we use this paint for t-shirts? that would be nice during summer.
I don’t think it would work like a dye though, more like a powder that would come out in a wash.
@@GreenAppelPie if it's a polyester shirt, it might work.
Oh, so this is the stuff that Professor is using to dye his hair with.
it's important to keep your head cool when doing chemistry
This seems very useful for satellites / space crafts.
This is now my favorite paint ever.
I dont really get what is new about this publication.
Since the early 90's, there is quite a few published papers (and patents) pointing out the use of Barium Sulfate with acrylic binder for passive radiant cooling.
Dont get me wrong , the effect is real and the video is great but i find annoying that some people try to sell 'new' technologies that are already in the public domain.
In 20 years that I've been living in England, I never had the need to cool the house, but the opposite, warming it even during summer.
yeah, but an enourmous amount of people live in places quite the opposite. and coincidentally those places are in general a lot poorer and could save people a lot of money in cooling, or if they don't even have it, just make their lives a lot nicer
but I suspect the main use will be datacenters and those things that spend a huge load of money on cooling their warehouses
@@chicoktc yes, yes, yes, indeed!
it was a bit weird to hear it saying from the professor about his house ... as, y'know, he's English, and he gets the same weather I get.
Hope your keeping safe professor! Keep it up y'all! (Arkansas)
A most excellent video. Thank you again
Would have been nice to see the temperature claim tested.
Never thought about the resemblance to Ricky and Morty... Lol
every datacenter in the world will use this if they can. imagine the amount of money spent worldwide to cool those?
Loved this post professor
0:55 Sorry, that is not how a greenhouse works. Actually normal glass is quite transparent to high frequency IR, only becoming opaque for lower frequencies. And main heating mechanism of a greenhouse is lack of convection. Sun light (both visible and IR) goes through glass of a greenhouse, inside it warms up anything opaque. Those warm things then give up heat to air. Warm air goes up but it cannot escape greenhouse, it is blocked by glass.
Common mix up with "green house effect". Earth (and Venus) atmosphere do warm up as described. But greenhouses do not :)
Here in South America, the Summer is really unforgiving and the electricity bill is allways expensive, I would love to have this in my house.
Not in your house, on your house. On the outside.
@@movme yeah thats what i meant
This video was quite timely.
Please please PLEASE paint everything with this and let's restore the seasons!
In Spain, right at the endo the Civil War (1936-1939) there was a terrible drought and famine. Wheat flour was often found to be adulterated with barium sulphate and this was found by radiologists because it is a well known contrast for x-rays
In Slovakia an indoor wall paint with barium sulfate is sold under name "Primalex Polar". Used it myself several times, nice shiny white, had no idea it's anything exceptional. The jugs are noticeably heavier than other paints, tho.
It probably doesn't.
Barium sulfate is commonly used in paint as a filler material, and is generally transparent in a paint medium.
The key here is the particle sizes and variation.
The Rick and Morty bit is just amazing.
Thank you for the video!
Easy to understand and beautiful image
He cures depression, just by existing.
Glad to see you're doing OK professor x
It is great that you made your hair with Barium Sulphate to show the effect. 👋
YOURE MY FAVORITE CHEMIST!!!
I need this in my life before summer!
Barium sulphate also occurs naturally as the mineral Barite. Very common and plentiful throughout the peak district.
Great and educational as always. Keep the videos coming.
Woo-hoo! A new P.V. video. How exciting!