Basics of Electrical Panel Cooling System
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- Опубліковано 10 лис 2019
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In a previous video, we covered the basics of an Electrical Control Panel.
Now we’re going to take a closer look at some of the other important components that go towards making up the panel.
In this video, we are going to be looking at the panel cooling system.
We’re going to cover the type of cooling used, how it functions, and why we use cooling in the first place.
The cooling system works by sucking in cool air at the bottom vent, and because heat rises, the hot air exits out of the top vent.
To regulate the heat inside the panel, it is fitted with an enclosure thermostat.
If the panel is going to be housed in a warm control room, similar to where our panel will be on a wastewater plant, then to maintain the integrity of the components in the enclosure, we need to make sure that the ambient temperature and humidity are taken into account.
Also, when the panel is powered up, the components themselves generate heat, but to keep them in a safe working range, we sometimes need to make sure that they are kept cool.
On the other hand, in cold buildings with no heating and lots of moisture around, to keep the components dry and moisture free, we need to keep them warm.
An enclosure thermostat works with a heating or cooling device to maintain a safe working temperature within the enclosure and to safeguard against condensation, humidity, and frost.
They can be wired normally open or normally closed, depending on the application.
For a cooling application, it is used to switch on a fan when the temperature is high and to reduce the enclosure temperature, it would be wired as a normally open.
With the temperature rising, the contact will close once the temperature rises above the set point. This would then enable the fan to operate.
For a heating application, it is used to switch on a heater when the temperature is low and to increase the enclosure temperature, it would be wired as a normally closed switch.
This means that the heater is ON in normal mode.
With the temperature rising, the contact will open once the temperature goes above the set point. This would then disable the heater.
The enclosure thermostat is not connected to the PLC, but sometimes it can be to display an enclosure internal temperature alarm. In this case, the enclosure thermostat is connected directly to the fan on the door and switches on and off independently of the PLC.
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Watching all the way from South Africa and I’ve always been in the automotive industry. It’s my first time hearing about electric panels using heaters. It’s pretty amazing and “cool” 😁
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Great Video!!!!! What happens to the IP rating when the fans are added?
Typically, the IP rating would go down. If an IP rating of IP66 us required (similar to NEMA 4X), alternate cooling methods may be required (like vortex coolers with appropriate fittings and gaskets).
Hey
Interesting video
I have a question on how to calculate the heat loss of element in electrical cabinet, to decide to use a fan or not.
Thanks
I usually add up the total watts consumed by the electrical devices in the panel and multiply by 0.10 to get the amount of heat expected to be generated. The device power consumption can be found on the device specification sheets from the manufacturer. For panels with motor controls (VFD's, contactors, etc.), I take the power in (V x A) and subtract the power out In this case, I will need to know what the incoming and outgoing current is.
I think we used to install fan top and take hot air out and filter at bottom. Thanks
Hello bro fan running time pannel inside create a vaccum filter side suction cooling air earth bottom hot atm air up side cooling atm air example heals area.
This is nice video. I have one question that’s why the fan doesn’t installed top and louver installed bottom of the door?
There are many philosophies for fan/louver placement in panels. The majority of panel builders I have talked to say that if there are many motor control devices (contactors, VFD's, etc.) in a panel, these devices will be the ones producing the greatest amount of heat. Therefore, the coolest air (from the intake fan) should flow across these devices to minimize hot spots in the panel. I have heard arguments to placing the fan high and exhausting below. In practice, and after installing and commissioning several hundred control panels in my career, the important thing is to have a fan installed, filtered at the fan and exhaust, to keep the inside of the panel cool and free from debris.
thanks for you video is there any solution for the outdoor electrical panel if the normal cooling system with fan only is not enough due to high temperature which cause failure to internal component
I'm in the exact situation you're speaking of. I have a fan installed with an exhaust grill, with hoods to maintain a nema 4x rating. Unfortunately the fan is not doing well enough, internal temperatures are reaching 117F inside the cabinet at 97 F outside. What you will have to do (and myself included) is install an enclosure air conditioning unit. Unfortunately these units are NOT cheap, well over 1000.00 USD. If you wish to take that route, www.automationdirect.com would be a good place to start. Good luck.
do you have rule of thumbs in calculating cooling loads for hvac system in switchgear rooms ?
Commonly, switchgear rooms are not conditioned, only ventilated. HVAC requirements depend on heat rejection into the room and the size of the room. A rule of thumb for these types of spaces (electrical equipment) is 1 ton of cooling per 150 square feet (~2000 BTU/hr/square meter). Personnel comfort is not the issue with electrical rooms, and care needs to be taken to keep the humidity in the room above the level where static discharge may become an issue.
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I have a problem with that, is there any code describe your theory because here in Egypt, we put the fan on the top of the panel and make the air flow inside the panel, so that the hot air keep in the bottom of the panel which rainforced to get out of the panel from a hole in the bottom when the fan rainforce fresh air from the top, I think this theory is accepted with the concept of that hot air lays in the bottom when cold air lays in the top.
Colder air sinks because it is more dense than hotter air. However, when a fan is used, the forced air circulation overwhelms any convection effects of air settling in the panel. With a fan, air is drawn through the panel, so whether you "suck air in" at the bottom or "blow air out" at the top, enough air will circulate to keep the panel cool in most cases. If not, an alternate means of cooling will be required.
at which working ambiant conditions that i could decide this panel will need a cooling fan or a heater or booth ?
There are several ways to calculate the anticipated internal temperature of a control panel based on what is located inside the panel.
www.cabinetcooler.info/heatload.html
www.saginawcontrol.com/resources/thermal-calculator/
What if we use panel air conditioner for the panel ? Do we require these fans and vents? How the cooling system work in the panel if we use an panel air conditioner?
Panel coolers and air conditioners all have a fan outlet and an air vent or return. For a cooling fan, the fan should be placed near the top of the panel and the vent near the bottom on the opposite side. Both the fan/air inlet and vent outlet should be outfitted with filters. You could switch the inlet and outlet positions, but I find that the elements that generate the most heat are usually near the top of a panel (incoming power, transformers, etc.) and there is more dust around the bottom of the panel, so theoretically, the internal area of the panel will stay cleaner with the vent outlet near the bottom. Air Conditioners circulate air frim inside the panel, through a heat exchanger/cooling coil, and then back into the panel through a filter. Sophisticated A/C units may have some outside air makeup or other features to limit dust and moisture inside the panel. Vortex coolers are devices that replace an inlet fan and are driven by compressed air. The vortex action cools the incoming air and distributes it into the panel. Again, you need a vent and filter to exhaust the hot air from the panel.
Why is it the outlet of the cooling system has an AirFilter on the outlet vs it being on the inlet and also the Fan on the outlet instead in design. I see this a lot as well. The Electrical Panel i'd think would easily get filled with dust and more with fan on inlet side vs on outlet side with Airfilter on the inlet side. Or does this has something to do with positive air pressure in the panel?
I think the inlet fan has a filter on it as well. At 1:14 in the video. look closely. I believe there is a slot between the door and the fan itself where a filter can be inserted. You are correct; you don't want to design a system that purposely pulls in dust and dirt from the outside.
Also like first!thanks people
Thank you so much and I have a question. We use an UCP of dimensions (2000mmH×1200mmW×800mmD). The panel is located in outdoor environment under three sided built shade 0 to 55degC ambient temperature with 35% to 85% RH. We use vortex coolers of 2 number (Model 727-35H) 70SCF per minute of instrument air. We would like to optimize with other devices and replace the vortex coolers.
Maximum power consumption by the panel is 800VA.
What would be the best cooling system?
Thanks in advance
I would use a closed-loop air-to-water heat exchanger for a harsh environment like you have described. These are available from a number of manufacturers, such as Pentair.
Hello, I wanna ask. If enviroment of control panel very corrossive how to place or manage the cooling fan so that electrical equipment in control panel not rusty. Thank you
Corrosive atmospheres are difficult to manage. Obviously, air that has corrosive gaseous materials diffused through it, like HCl, Sulphur compounds or even seawater spray, would not be good for the internal devices of the panel. To avoid this, you can do one of several things: 1) move the panel to an area which does not have a corrosive atmosphere; 2) Use a NEMA 4X panel with air ducting to move non-corrosive air into and out of the panel; 3) use a panel purge system to move clean air from cylinders or an dry instrument air system through the panel; 4) use a sealed air cooler to cool the panel without providing an ingress for the corrosive atmosphere.
@@realpars thank you for your suggest.
Your uploaded videos very usefull. 🙏🙏
Why to use thermostat in cooling aplication? Why not to keep the FAN switched on constantly?
Why the FAN was placed on the doors? Isn't it placing on the wall better for the circulation?
What are other options for cooling other than fan?
A thermostat will allow the fan to switch off of the temperature falls below a certain temperature. This will save only a small amount of energy, but it will prolong the life of the filter and the fan. True, it could be designed to have the fan run continuously, and in most panel applications, this is the case. In some instances, especially outdoors. running the fan continuously may cause the the temperature to drop low enough to allow condensation.
To get maximum circulation, the fan should be placed low in the panel and the exhaust at a higher point.
There are other ways to cool panels: air conditioner units and vortex coolers are just a few of the other options.
How can we calculate the power of the fan in KW ?
Thanks
Hi Hassan,
Thank you for your question! Here is a link from an HVAC instructor who can help you understand how to calculate the power of a fan in KW.
ua-cam.com/video/V0LZBaQYkJw/v-deo.html
Happy learning!
Why do few fans suck while few blow? ( Like in my laptop the fan blows the hot air outside while in your case it's reverse)
As I understand you want to buildup a little bit of pressure inside the cabinet. Then the dust from The surrouding will not enter through little gaps. All the flow will go through the filter which is easy to clean.
Also you can enforce airflow in the cabinet.
In your laptop the cooling is only on one point, the radiator. In that case it's more efficient to blow directly on the heat source.
@@TheKwiatek Thank you, that completely makes sense
Kwiatek is correct. the important factor is keeping the internal temperature of the panel down. The best circulatin and air flow inside the panel is achieved by sucking in air at the bottom and exhausting it at the top. Heat rises, so this configuration aids in expelling as much heat as possible. And the filters are very important element of this type of panel cooling, so regular inspection, cleaning, and replacement is critical.
Should the cooling fans be a.c. or D.C.
The fan used is a normal BLDC computer fan ... (It requires dc supply)
you can use ac or dc. Depends if you want for example use your power supply you can use 24dc 12dc etc but you should install separate fuse for it. You can use 230V ac fan with separate CB. We use 230V ac fans because it not require power supply. If your power supply goes down fans will be running.
Thanks
You are welcome!