Arnold Kriegstein (UCSF) 1: Outer Subventricular Zone Radial Glia Cells - Brain Development
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- Опубліковано 9 гру 2019
- www.ibiology.org/neuroscience...
Dr. Arnold Kriegstein characterizes the development of neurons from radial glial cells and provides an overview of the use of cerebral organoids to study brain development and disease.
How do neurons develop to confer humans their unique brain functions? Dr. Arnold Kriegstein compares and contrasts the development of neurons from radial glial cells (RGCs) in mice and humans. In mice, RGCs give rise to most of the central nervous system’s neurons and glia and provide scaffolding for neurons to migrate. In contrast, human RGCs give rise to a unique set of cells, the outer subventricular zone radial glia (oRG) cells, which divide via mitotic somal translocation (MST). The oRG cells predominantly produce and guide the migration of the upper layer cortical neurons. Although rodents have oRG-like cells, these cells are more abundant in humans, and contribute to the large size of the human brain and possibly it’s unique function.
In his second talk, Kriegstein provides an overview of the use of cerebral organoids to study brain development and disease. Cerebral organoids are models that can be produced from induced pluripotent stem cells. Although organoids can contain the same broad categories of cell types found in the brain, organoids lack the structural, layer-like organization observed in the primary tissue. In addition, the gene expression profile is different between organoids and primary brain tissue. Nevertheless, although organoids do not reproduce all of the features of a developing human cortex, organoids can be a powerful model to study neuronal diseases and evolution, particularly when studying cells that cannot be found in animal models (e.g. oRG cells) or when scientists do not have access to primary brain tissue.
Speaker Biography:
Dr. Arnold Kriegstein is a Professor of Neurology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Weill Institute for Neurosciences, and Director of the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research. He obtained his bachelors in biology and psychology at Yale University (1971), and his medical and doctoral degrees at the New York University (1977) under the supervision of Dr. Eric Kandel. Kriegstein completed a residency in Neurology at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital, and Beth Israel Hospital in Boston in 1981. He has held academic appointments at Stanford University (1981-1991), Yale University (1991-1993), and Columbia University (1993-2004). In 2004, Kriegstein joined the faculty in the Neurology Department at the University of California, San Francisco, where his lab studies the principles of neuronal development. In particular, they study how progenitor cells in the embryonic brain produce neurons. For his scientific contributions, he became a member of the National Academy of Medicine in 2008. Visit his lab website and learn more about Kriegstein’s research:
profiles.ucsf.edu/arnold.krie... - Наука та технологія
What an AMAZING class! Thank you so much Dr Arnold Kriegstein!
Thank you so much, Dr Kriegstein! The way you condense decades of work into one talk - INVALUABLE!
That was really just incredible. You've all done very great and amazing work. Thank you so much for sharing, Dr. Kriegstein!
Brilliant master class! Thank you Dr Kriegstein. Downloaded a lot of your research in this area, which I’m now reading. I struggled a bit with this topic, and your visuals and presentation helped enormously.
This was amazing to watch. Thank you so much
Excellent presentation of your collaborative work on brain development, thanks!
Amazing videos that make clear of neurogenesis, thank you, sir
Fascinating work
Thank you for sharing your pioneering research online.
outer radial glial cells(oRGs) is very interesting, and I believe fully understanding its role in cortical development will unleash the secrets to
a lot of human neurological disorders.
Thank you for the wonderful pictures!
This is incredible. I will love to have a class like this in my university.
Incredible talk, thank you so much! and congratulations for your wonderful research
This is a fantastic talk, and I will assign it to my undergraduate neurobiology course the next time I teach it. Thanks so much for integrating the experimental methods and the (evolving) models that the experimental data allows you to build.
Awesome video. Thanks
Brilliant !
You're so good! I understand every word)) thanx!
Thank you!
Excellent ... well done ...😀
15:11 I object to the exclusion of monotremes from the dendrogram. Very interesting mammals, with platypuses having smooth brains and echidnas having very heavily gyrated ones.
WOW, "supragranular layers (above layer 4) are dif in primates than other mammals - that's a great quote!!
astonish ! one of the most clearly explained for human brain development . One issue of clarification: Genes mentioned here is the are the Mitocondria Genes whose main function is to produce ATP (energy that the brain needs) ?
I am a fan of your talks shaw one about stem cells year ago
Amazing and Excellent .
But , I need to watch this video several times to absorb .
One question -- what do we know about the effects of Fused chromosome 2 on human brain , especially the Cerebral Cortex ?
Dr. Arnold Kriegstein and iBiology channel, thank you so much for this incredible lecture! Could you please answer my 2 questions?
.
- Could you please clarify, what is the difference between outer subvenrticular zone radial glia cells and basal progenitor cells(intermediate progenitors)?
- When outer radial glia cells form their own fibres, does the VZ and ISVZ cells still contribute to the development of neurons, or they just self renew? Of course, with the exception that the VZ forms astrocytes. What does the ISVZ do then?
Thanks in advance to everyone who found time for my question!
Hopefully this helps elucidate those questions. This is a very useful read to understand exactly what you're talking about. If you get too caught up on any portion in particular, the main takeaway that you're looking for can be found on figure 2 or figure 6.
www.nature.com/articles/nn1172
What's the similarity between the cerebral cortex and the small intestine? Possible transparent vessels considering the substances in a vessel gives the vessel its color
Very interesting then why adult stem cells should maintain their RGC cables into the olfactory bulb
I had no idea the human brain had the most cortical neurons out of any brain. No idea. All this time going around thinking I was the big cheese for knowing cortical folding scales by a simple physical rule. Completely failed to know the cortical neurons thing. Thank you for this talk
Big shoutout to my intermediate neural stem cells for going “lmao” and wilding, providing me with the lush, thick, neotenous cortex I use to crush my enemies today!
Incredible
Indeed. I'm not medical, so I only understood a little of this. But it's fascinating. And it's really fascinating that people still think this level of complex function and hierarchy was not designed but came about by natural processes.
@@KenJackson_US I believe it was designed by natural processes
Have you considered any math, @@donnythedude8? Even a relatively small chain of amino acids has an effectively infinite number of permutations. It would take trillions of unique mutations per second (across a population) nonstop for trillions of trillions of years to find a functional protein. Seriously. Experiment with the math yourself.
Natural selection can't help because chains of amino acids don't have any benefit at all until they're very close to a functional protein.
@@KenJackson_US yeah the ones that get it right are able to pass it on. The thing I think youre missing here is the emense scope of time to be able go get it right
I mean. I'm not a phd but, once we get a functional protein right we just pass it on and move on to try getting the next one right.
Beatifu talk
I got parkinson now ill be 65 april.1 my syptons are getting harder to deal with quickly i have 3 children and devorced question what do you know about turning glieal cells of the brain into neurons human trials i was into cbs in my 4yr honorably dis charged duty at a young age 17 yrs
mouth noise
who the fuck did dislike this?. i told you ppl to comment why you disliked the vid?! or else what is is the point. criticism unless constructive is useless
!!!???
@@ot8479 in the past , when there was an official dislike button! i used to ask why they have dislike the video.
Someone please explain how most of this happens in utero and in early childhood development... ALL WELL BEFORE reproduction is physiologically possible and how this complexity evolved over millions of years via natural selection. The paradox is that a random genetic process that requires a larger brain and skull in order to become successful could not be passed down through subjects who fail to thrive before they are old enough to reproduce. In order to pass down something beneficial, you need a burst of conveniently mutually beneficial random changes, or millions of very small yet inconsequential random benefits that do nothing to favor a species over millions of years of natural selection. (a doubly problematic paradox in the second case)