Monetary Policy#1: Money multiplier, Fractional Reserve, High Powered v. Narrow v. Broad Money

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- So far in the budget and economic survey series 2017 (BES17): we've covered the evolution of money with special focus on digital payment in the light of de-monetization.
- Now we shall move to monetary policy- tools, review of last one year's policies and its limitations.
- But, first we must learn how can a Central Bank control money supply and liquidity in the system?
- In his book the General theory of employment, interest and money, the famous Economist John Maynard Keynes listed the motives for which people demand and keep money in liquid form 1) transaction motive 2) precautionary motive and 3) speculative motive- also known as the asset demand of money.
- We measure the money supply thus kept as "M1"- which is currency with public plus demand deposits in the banks. Because of the fractional reserve system, Every “R” reserve generates “1/r” new money
- What is money multiplier, why is it said that in a functional economy, money multiplier is always greater than one?
- What is M0: reserve money or high powered money? Why is it called liability of RBI?
- Measures of money supply: M0, M1, M2, M3, M4. what is broad money and what is narrow money? Which one has the highest liquidity?
- How can RBI combat inflation and deflation? What type of policy strategy should it use against these two scenarios? What is easy money policy, cheap money policy, dovish money policy vs. tight money policy, dear money policy, Hawkish money policy.
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