Not only that but you would need lot thicker conductors in vaccum. Any conductor has losses and in a vaccum it would be able to overheat. I didn't research this I'm just going off from vaccum being thermal insulator
@@blackturbine I calculated the max current with the assumption that the water cooling is used. But even without it the heat will conduct through the walls of the pass through and it should be fine.
@@MaxWithTheSax i commented before I realized he was using water cooling but yeah with copper being so thick it would conduct enough heat away passively. Thank you for responding :]
I think some of the surface finish issues you encountered at the start might also be due to boiling the material too quick, which ends up flinging some tiny drops of metal at your target as well. I encountered something similar during my master's thesis with a commercial evaporator in a cleanroom.
You are definitely right! When evaporating the silver for the first time, I raised the temperature too fast and I could see the metal spatter a bit. When using the copper, I raised the temperature slower and and coating was a lot better. But you could still see some of the contaminations that came from the glass.
Yup, you want it hot but not actively boiling the metals. Are you planning on using your chamber to sputter coat as well as thermal evaporation? Maybe even try your hand at building an E beam evaporator. Then you could do nonmetallic coatings of stuff that would react with the boats. Happy tinkering.
We use Polyimide (Kapton) tape all the time with our PVD setups. Additionally, certain materials tend to "spit" when you ramp the power at too high of a rate. The shutter should be effective in reducing that issue, but I would try and ramp up the power slowly initially to avoid those spots you see on some of your depositions.
Yes, I definitely ramped up the temperature too fast when evaporating the silver. I could see it "spit". When evaporating the copper I raised the temperature slowly and did not get those spots on the glass surface. How do you prepare the glass surface before coating it? And which metals do adhere best to glass surfaces in your experience? Thanks a lot for the information!
@@AdvancedTinkering Ideally, we follow an RCA clean procedure. Though you can usually get away with Acetone/IPA/DI w/ ultrasonication. Cr and Ti both work really well as adhesion layers for SiO2. Generally, we find that Ti is best for Si and Cr for SiO2
When i was using thermal evaporation at university, we used glass wool over the evaporated sample in combination with shutter to reduce sample contamination. It is amazing what you can do in a home lab :)
I'm very glad you liked the video! Even though it wasn't nearly as detailed as yours. Yes, I got the design for the thermal evaporation source from a brilliant video about PVD ;)
This is a fantastic video, and a really interesting topic. Back in the 90s I briefly worked for a company that coated glass using the sputtering process. Mostly I worked in color filters, but spent a couple of weeks testing glass that would act as a light filter for solar panels in satellites. (blocking most of the sun's full spectrum light, except for a narrow band, preventing the solar cell from burning up) That glass was only 0.004" thick, and really easy to break. We also put coating on that would reduce the amount of light reflected from the glass. My job was running the glass pieces through a spectraphotometer to make sure the coating was the exact color, according to customer specifications, cut the glass to shape and discard the pieces that were out of spec. Then environmental testing, which consisted of rubbing the coating with an eraser to make sure the coating didn't peel off.
I must admit, I very much envy your high-vacuum setup man, everything looks so refined and professional! I had a basic vacuum setup a while back that could get down below 100 microns, but it was very finicky, and the pump died some time ago. Keep up the good work, can't wait to see what you use this for in the future!
I use a lot of the same fittings and components at work, can confirm this setup looks like a scaled down & simplified version of an industry equivalent PVD chamber, just a lot more manual and less automated.
It's always a special treat to "see" a metal as a gas especially transition metals like copper, silver and gold considering that metals don't typically become gases (at normal atmospheric pressure) unless we reach nearly impossibly high temperatures of well over 2 kilokelvin!
Very nice! I had fun evaporating titanium, and you can modulate the color of the deposits by varying the pressure of the chamber-- I got some very beautiful gold-colored layers this way. If you're not too concerned with coating things around your chamber, you might try the much cheaper stranded tungsten wire heaters, wrapping a bit of the desired metal around the tungsten, where it will melt and wick onto the heater wire before evaporating. Another cool experiment I tried was evaporating silver onto paper, and it doesn't take much to become quite conductive. You'd think the rough surface of the paper would prevent this, but it works very well.
Very cool! I also wanted to evaporate titanium to see if I can get some pretty interference colors. Do you remember at which pressures you evaporated the titanium to get the golden colored layers?
Titanium is a reactive "getter" and will pump any reactive gas that strikes it. Used to maintain 10-12 Torr beam transfer lines under vacuum for years.
This is pretty cool. I use to run a very large PVD coating machine via sputtering for coating automotive windshields to reflect sunlight and uv radiation.
Many thanks for opening an enterely new and fascinating topic. The field of applications is just endless. For example, I believe the coated goggles can be used for direct sun observations or welding purposes. Further, you could build your own reflecting telescope. Last but not least, if you try to evaporate graphite you should be able to deposit tiny diamonds.
Yes, there are many interesting possibilities. I think the hard part about making optics would be the the precisely ground/shaped glass surface. And I think channels like Huygens Optics are way more capable in that area. I don't think it will be possible to evaporate graphite. Or do you have any information about that? I would be very interested because I'm thinking about making diamonds via CVD for a long time but it's a pretty involved process.
@@AdvancedTinkering "I don't think it will be possible to evaporate graphite" Really hard to do if you want to stick to just a crucible. One option would be to use a laser for that: Heat up the carbon with electricity and use a laser for the last push to evaporation. But certainly that is not easy as now you have to deal with all the problems of having high-powered laser-pulses on an evaporating material. Can lead to some nasty splattering.
Love your build! Going to try some of your design improvements to my basic thermal evap setup (no cooling, just copper bolts in aluminum base to hold tungsten boat and chamber as ground); love your large chamber!
While that's definitely a really large vacuum chamber for someone to have at home, the semiconductor industry utilizes significantly larger chambers (we're talking 60 cubic feet or more) that hold roughly the same pressures. Buuuut the pumps are, of course, much bigger as well.
You can take a low power incandescent lamp and ramp up the voltage to the point where the lamp runs too bright but doesn't melt. after a while, lamp will slowly turn opaque due to tungsten deposition.
Neat setup. I have a smaller chamber with a smaller Varian diffusion pump I used to use to coat Mylar with about 150 angstroms of gold to make condenser microphones. I haven’t made them for quite a while though.
this would be so cool for DIY parabolic reflectors, especially since you could probably resin 3d print the reflector shape and then coat it after, youd have so much creative freedom
10:50 To use vinyl cut lettering, you should cut the lettering with the backing paper still attached, remove the unneeded parts while the cut letting is still on the backing paper and only then use transfer tape to transfer it to final surface. Even then the "remove the unneeded parts" is a bit tedious but with a flexible surface and much less stickiness, it's still much easier.
Great video! The Huygens optics guy's channel is awesome too, was happy to find it mentioned here. Huygens I think should be pronounced Dutch, as the physicist Huygens, and would read roughly as 'hau-kchens' as a German reader, with the kch sound being a typical Dutch throaty g sound as the 'ch' in the German 'auch' :D
Tip, use mixture of little bit battery h2so4 and alume Aqueous solution on aluminum or ceramic pot and heat it untill broken steel bit desolved in the copper without doing anything to Aluminium brass or copper metals.
Love it! I used similar (Hysol 1C) 2-component epoxy to make some custom holders for weird shaped samples for a e-beam/thermal evaporator. Super low outgassing. Nice video overall.
It requires a little more attention to safety but you might try piranha solution for cleaning glass. Just make sure that you don't try with anything organic! Awesome results and video! Thanks for taking the time to also share this with us.
Some thoughts about chamber cleanliness: Consider layering vacuum foil over all surfaces which will be contacted by the vapor. This way if your chamber begins to form flakes, you can roll up the foil and trap them, before laying down fresh foil. This is an easy way to prevent having to chemically strip/etch your chamber for cleaning in the future, especially if you start to get into more exotic coatings.
Since the vinyl tape was able to survice the process, you can probably simply use thin slices of viny tape to fix leaks in the coating container to safeguard your vacuum chamber.
Huygens was an OG Wave Theory of Light: Huygens proposed that light was a wave phenomenon, countering Newton's particle theory. This was a fundamental shift in understanding light and laid the groundwork for later wave theories. Huygens' Principle: He formulated this principle to explain how wavefronts propagate. It states that every point on a wavefront acts as a source of new waves. This principle is fundamental in understanding wave optics. Pendulum Clock: Huygens invented the pendulum clock, which was a major advancement in timekeeping and greatly improved the accuracy of clocks. Titan Discovery: He discovered Titan, Saturn's largest moon, and studied Saturn's ring system, making significant contributions to astronomy. Huygens-Fresnel Principle: Together with Augustin-Jean Fresnel, he helped develop the wave theory of light, which was a crucial step in the field of optics. Mathematical Contributions: Huygens made notable contributions to the field of probability and dynamics, including work on the theory of evolutes and the centrifugal force in circular motion.
If you want metals like copper, silver, platinum, gold tostick to glass, flash a very thin layer of aluminum first, vent (it will rapidly become aluminum oxide), and change to the metal desired. The aluminum oxide acts as a "glue".
You could combine this with simple electroplating to do some cool things. For example you could coat plastic 3D prints with some cheap but conductive copper, and then nickel plate them. Then you can buff out the nickel plating to get that perfect shine you want.
Very High Vacuum = "Danger." +Very High amp Electricity = "MORE Danger".. Very Hot Molten metal vapor = "Even More Danger" .. I like where this is going .... Good thing you have your Shiny Safty Squints.
Hello. You could try to use a special formulation of transfer tape using low outgassing acrylic compound like 3M 9703. We use it on spacecrafts all the time and it works really well for lightweight components which needs to be electrically conducive.
One tip. Do not EVER use brass inside vacuum chamber. Zinc inside brass has tendency to get out and ruin your Vacuum, also in this kind of application it will get inside your layer.
I have developed this instrument for scientific use.For a dense coating, the substrate may have to be cooling.This takes into account the melting point of the material and the thickness of the coating.
Ground glass surfaces would hold the metal better, perhaps? Also structural colours would be interesting, if you can peel off the metal foil with the surface structure that causes different colours.
I recently found a Leybold TurboVac 350i unit which had been discarded. I was wondering what it was so started researching and came across your channel. Cool stuff! There were actually 2 such units but not knowing what it was at the time I only acquired 1 of them for a mere $20. 😀 Now to start seeing if I can get it in use...
Since you used JB weld in a dielectric for your first DIY passthough, Ill head off the inevitable "OMG JB weld has metal in it!!1!" comments. Bulk JB weld is an insulator, as there isnt enough metal loading for JB weld to be conductive, unless you compress the bondline during curing, to the point its thin enough both of your parts are crushing the iron fill.
Haha, I actually expected a comment like that. But you are right, JB weld is non conductive. I still wouldn't use it for high voltage stuff though. I would imagine the breakdown voltage is a lot lower due to the metal.
Love that you designed an extremely complex extra water cooling step that, because you didn't actually test if was necessary to begin with, just.. was a whole part of this video that was unnecessary lmao
Haha! Yeah, I did spend way too much time building the water cooling system. I even had to order the thick-walled copper pipes from China. Well, at least now the design is future-proof in case I ever need a lot more current.
In case of a massive leak, momentum from inrushing air can actually give > 1 bar pressure in the chamber, so having a few clamps, at least, would be wise.
Very cool! I wonder if the foil peeled off due to different thermal properties. The silver safety glasses should be perfect for observing nuclear tests!
Nice to see your setup working this well. Really amazing that you can get nice mirror finishes. If you take a second cruible, make a tiny hole in it and put it onto the first crucible upside down, you might be able to get a nice pencil beam. Did you consider using ellipsometry to measure the thickness of your deposit?
Interesting idea to use a crucible with a hole inside. I will try that out. I haven't thought about ellipsometry to measure the thickness. I honestly never heard of it. But I will take a look into it.
@@AdvancedTinkeringif you are near a university with their own characterization facility (and with X-ray diffraction capability) you might be able to ask them if they could perform x-ray reflectivity on your samples to see thickness and determine growth rate. If that's something important to any future projects!
@@ianmercer1291 You can also measure the thickness of metals if they are thin enough with spectroscopic reflectometry, which is a bit easier and cheaper.
Very impressive. I got an idea that i wish to see: why you don't try printing a circuit board on 3D printed part, or even on glass, and by uaing very thin glass (telescope glass) then you might end with multiple layers circuit board by stacking the predesigned circuit 😍
Very cool to see you work on pvd! Im going to grad school to work on a few pvd techniques (molecular beam epitaxy and sputtering) since im currently a senior undergrad. Impressive setup for sure! Id love to build a setup like this one day. What are some of the future projects that you are thinking of with this system?
One thing that might be interesting to try is indium tin oxide. In thin layers, it's completely transparent yet quite a good electrical conductor (think touch screen). I'm not sure if it needs a sputtering setup, though.
Instead of making a vinyl stencil, I'd make one out of sheet metal, or a similar solid material that when removed will only leave the "shadow" of the letters in metal. Come think of it, vinyl should work just fine to coat the inside of a pair of safety glasses with.
I have done a great deal of electroplating, which has resulted in a wide range of quality of plate jobs. I'd be very curious to compare conventional electroplating to these types of PVD based plate jobs.
Protopasta has bakeable PLA that you can bake after printing and it gets real hard. I imagine it would off gas during the bake so you might be able to use it in the vac chamber. Oh wait. I'm Jewish. You don't want ideas from me. Never mind. Yeah, you folks wiped out my entire family there 80 years ago so never mind everything I said.
Some might say 20mm copper is overkill. But can you even call it a high amperage pass through if it can't handle currents in the kA range?
Not only that but you would need lot thicker conductors in vaccum.
Any conductor has losses and in a vaccum it would be able to overheat.
I didn't research this I'm just going off from vaccum being thermal insulator
@@blackturbine I calculated the max current with the assumption that the water cooling is used. But even without it the heat will conduct through the walls of the pass through and it should be fine.
@@MaxWithTheSax i commented before I realized he was using water cooling but yeah with copper being so thick it would conduct enough heat away passively.
Thank you for responding :]
Watching metal get deposited on those glass slides in real time was amazing.
I think some of the surface finish issues you encountered at the start might also be due to boiling the material too quick, which ends up flinging some tiny drops of metal at your target as well. I encountered something similar during my master's thesis with a commercial evaporator in a cleanroom.
You are definitely right! When evaporating the silver for the first time, I raised the temperature too fast and I could see the metal spatter a bit.
When using the copper, I raised the temperature slower and and coating was a lot better. But you could still see some of the contaminations that came from the glass.
I wonder if you acid etch (or sandblast) the glass a small amount if the metal would hold on better, less likely to scratch or peal off.
I think I will try that.
Yup, you want it hot but not actively boiling the metals. Are you planning on using your chamber to sputter coat as well as thermal evaporation? Maybe even try your hand at building an E beam evaporator. Then you could do nonmetallic coatings of stuff that would react with the boats. Happy tinkering.
Yes, electron beam evaporation is also planned. But I would have to do a lot lore research about the design.
We use Polyimide (Kapton) tape all the time with our PVD setups. Additionally, certain materials tend to "spit" when you ramp the power at too high of a rate. The shutter should be effective in reducing that issue, but I would try and ramp up the power slowly initially to avoid those spots you see on some of your depositions.
Yes, I definitely ramped up the temperature too fast when evaporating the silver. I could see it "spit". When evaporating the copper I raised the temperature slowly and did not get those spots on the glass surface.
How do you prepare the glass surface before coating it? And which metals do adhere best to glass surfaces in your experience?
Thanks a lot for the information!
@@AdvancedTinkering Ideally, we follow an RCA clean procedure. Though you can usually get away with Acetone/IPA/DI w/ ultrasonication. Cr and Ti both work really well as adhesion layers for SiO2. Generally, we find that Ti is best for Si and Cr for SiO2
When i was using thermal evaporation at university, we used glass wool over the evaporated sample in combination with shutter to reduce sample contamination. It is amazing what you can do in a home lab :)
Nice! This is well into Applied Science territory in terms of coolness.
Thank you! I'm a great fan of him so that's a huge compliment!
Nice video. You did a great job on the build. And what a clever thermal evaporation source design!😊
I'm very glad you liked the video! Even though it wasn't nearly as detailed as yours.
Yes, I got the design for the thermal evaporation source from a brilliant video about PVD ;)
This is a fantastic video, and a really interesting topic.
Back in the 90s I briefly worked for a company that coated glass using the sputtering process. Mostly I worked in color filters, but spent a couple of weeks testing glass that would act as a light filter for solar panels in satellites. (blocking most of the sun's full spectrum light, except for a narrow band, preventing the solar cell from burning up) That glass was only 0.004" thick, and really easy to break. We also put coating on that would reduce the amount of light reflected from the glass. My job was running the glass pieces through a spectraphotometer to make sure the coating was the exact color, according to customer specifications, cut the glass to shape and discard the pieces that were out of spec. Then environmental testing, which consisted of rubbing the coating with an eraser to make sure the coating didn't peel off.
As a new silversmith and enamel artist this is like magic to me. I had no idea this was possible until this week
Huygens optics is awesome, he does a lot of PVD for his first surface mirrors
I must admit, I very much envy your high-vacuum setup man, everything looks so refined and professional! I had a basic vacuum setup a while back that could get down below 100 microns, but it was very finicky, and the pump died some time ago. Keep up the good work, can't wait to see what you use this for in the future!
I use a lot of the same fittings and components at work, can confirm this setup looks like a scaled down & simplified version of an industry equivalent PVD chamber, just a lot more manual and less automated.
It's always a special treat to "see" a metal as a gas especially transition metals like copper, silver and gold considering that metals don't typically become gases (at normal atmospheric pressure) unless we reach nearly impossibly high temperatures of well over 2 kilokelvin!
Definitely. I thought about creating a plasma to excite the metal in the gas phase. Or maybe just build a sputtering system.
@@AdvancedTinkering I'm down with that! I'm curious to know what colors metals like say gold and silver are as plasma!
@@AdvancedTinkering I would love to see your experiments with this!
It's content like this that makes YT great, keep up the great work! That MOT is hot...:)
Thank you! I appreciate hearing that you like the videos!
Very nice! I had fun evaporating titanium, and you can modulate the color of the deposits by varying the pressure of the chamber-- I got some very beautiful gold-colored layers this way. If you're not too concerned with coating things around your chamber, you might try the much cheaper stranded tungsten wire heaters, wrapping a bit of the desired metal around the tungsten, where it will melt and wick onto the heater wire before evaporating. Another cool experiment I tried was evaporating silver onto paper, and it doesn't take much to become quite conductive. You'd think the rough surface of the paper would prevent this, but it works very well.
Very cool! I also wanted to evaporate titanium to see if I can get some pretty interference colors. Do you remember at which pressures you evaporated the titanium to get the golden colored layers?
Titanium is a reactive "getter" and will pump any reactive gas that strikes it. Used to maintain 10-12 Torr beam transfer lines under vacuum for years.
This is pretty cool. I use to run a very large PVD coating machine via sputtering for coating automotive windshields to reflect sunlight and uv radiation.
Huygens Optics is a fine channel. Lots of really great stuff over there.
Many thanks for opening an enterely new and fascinating topic. The field of applications is just endless. For example, I believe the coated goggles can be used for direct sun observations or welding purposes. Further, you could build your own reflecting telescope. Last but not least, if you try to evaporate graphite you should be able to deposit tiny diamonds.
Yes, there are many interesting possibilities. I think the hard part about making optics would be the the precisely ground/shaped glass surface. And I think channels like Huygens Optics are way more capable in that area.
I don't think it will be possible to evaporate graphite. Or do you have any information about that? I would be very interested because I'm thinking about making diamonds via CVD for a long time but it's a pretty involved process.
@@AdvancedTinkering "I don't think it will be possible to evaporate graphite"
Really hard to do if you want to stick to just a crucible. One option would be to use a laser for that: Heat up the carbon with electricity and use a laser for the last push to evaporation. But certainly that is not easy as now you have to deal with all the problems of having high-powered laser-pulses on an evaporating material. Can lead to some nasty splattering.
This is one of the most interesting demonstrations I have seen
Thank you! I'm glad you found it interesting.
Love your build! Going to try some of your design improvements to my basic thermal evap setup (no cooling, just copper bolts in aluminum base to hold tungsten boat and chamber as ground); love your large chamber!
samy is my hero
To get the metal to stick to glass first bake it dry, then deposit a thin layer of titanium on it, then apply the desired metal. ❤
Thanks for the advice! I will try that!
Love that feedthrough design, awesome stuff!
Thanks! I'm very interested to see how the feedthrough holds up over time.
That’s a massive high vacuum chamber. Also, Applied Science has video on cleaning glass already, but I guess another one won’t hurt.
Yes, his videos are great. I have seen the one about the cleaning process. I doubt mine will be nearly as detailed as his.
While that's definitely a really large vacuum chamber for someone to have at home, the semiconductor industry utilizes significantly larger chambers (we're talking 60 cubic feet or more) that hold roughly the same pressures. Buuuut the pumps are, of course, much bigger as well.
You can take a low power incandescent lamp and ramp up the voltage to the point where the lamp runs too bright but doesn't melt. after a while, lamp will slowly turn opaque due to tungsten deposition.
Neat setup. I have a smaller chamber with a smaller Varian diffusion pump I used to use to coat Mylar with about 150 angstroms of gold to make condenser microphones. I haven’t made them for quite a while though.
this would be so cool for DIY parabolic reflectors, especially since you could probably resin 3d print the reflector shape and then coat it after, youd have so much creative freedom
This is absolutely amazing! Really inspiring!!!!
10:50 To use vinyl cut lettering, you should cut the lettering with the backing paper still attached, remove the unneeded parts while the cut letting is still on the backing paper and only then use transfer tape to transfer it to final surface. Even then the "remove the unneeded parts" is a bit tedious but with a flexible surface and much less stickiness, it's still much easier.
that copper coating looks beautiful
Greetings from Hildesheim, great vid!
Greetings back! Thank you!
Amazing stuff at a home DIY workshop... Hats off, and keep up the good work!
In fact, you can easily add 3rd crucible as well, nice design :)
You are right! I didn't think about that possibility.
This turbomolecular is sick 😮
Trade secrets.
Very nice👏
Great video! The Huygens optics guy's channel is awesome too, was happy to find it mentioned here. Huygens I think should be pronounced Dutch, as the physicist Huygens, and would read roughly as 'hau-kchens' as a German reader, with the kch sound being a typical Dutch throaty g sound as the 'ch' in the German 'auch' :D
Thank you!
Ah, that's good to know :D thanks!
Those are realy nice results.
Thank you!
Hab mich schon die ganze Zeit gefragt was du mit der Vakuum Pumpe anfangen willst😂.....aber das ist richtig geiler scheiß😁👍
Tip, use mixture of little bit battery h2so4 and alume Aqueous solution on aluminum or ceramic pot and heat it untill broken steel bit desolved in the copper without doing anything to Aluminium brass or copper metals.
Love it! I used similar (Hysol 1C) 2-component epoxy to make some custom holders for weird shaped samples for a e-beam/thermal evaporator. Super low outgassing. Nice video overall.
It requires a little more attention to safety but you might try piranha solution for cleaning glass. Just make sure that you don't try with anything organic!
Awesome results and video! Thanks for taking the time to also share this with us.
Great video! Gut Gemacht!
Danke!
Wow! 20mm copper rod! I managed to fit two rods in single KF25 flange :) You have very nice setup!
Thank you!
Some thoughts about chamber cleanliness:
Consider layering vacuum foil over all surfaces which will be contacted by the vapor. This way if your chamber begins to form flakes, you can roll up the foil and trap them, before laying down fresh foil. This is an easy way to prevent having to chemically strip/etch your chamber for cleaning in the future, especially if you start to get into more exotic coatings.
Also you might want to consider a cold baffle in front of your TMP juuuuust in case any vapor managed to go towards it.
Since the vinyl tape was able to survice the process, you can probably simply use thin slices of viny tape to fix leaks in the coating container to safeguard your vacuum chamber.
With this power supply it is possible to setup a rather primative DC cathodic arcs deposition system, I think that'll be rather entertaining!
Huygens was an OG
Wave Theory of Light: Huygens proposed that light was a wave phenomenon, countering Newton's particle theory. This was a fundamental shift in understanding light and laid the groundwork for later wave theories.
Huygens' Principle: He formulated this principle to explain how wavefronts propagate. It states that every point on a wavefront acts as a source of new waves. This principle is fundamental in understanding wave optics.
Pendulum Clock: Huygens invented the pendulum clock, which was a major advancement in timekeeping and greatly improved the accuracy of clocks.
Titan Discovery: He discovered Titan, Saturn's largest moon, and studied Saturn's ring system, making significant contributions to astronomy.
Huygens-Fresnel Principle: Together with Augustin-Jean Fresnel, he helped develop the wave theory of light, which was a crucial step in the field of optics.
Mathematical Contributions: Huygens made notable contributions to the field of probability and dynamics, including work on the theory of evolutes and the centrifugal force in circular motion.
If you want metals like copper, silver, platinum, gold tostick to glass, flash a very thin layer of aluminum first, vent (it will rapidly become aluminum oxide), and change to the metal desired. The aluminum oxide acts as a "glue".
the professional method to protect the inside of your vaccum chamber is aluminum foil. Lot of aluminum foil
make glass circuit boards with it. glass circuits would be so fancy and cool wouldn't it?
I’m definitely going to try that. If you have any ideas for a circuit, let me know.
Great video, thank you. A video including a piezoelectric sensor that measures the layer thickness would be awesome, I like that idea
Good work! Very cool.
That's a sweet chamber
If you heat your object the coatings hold a lot better. A way to clean is to coat the object with a thin oil film and evaporate it in heat and vacuum.
You could combine this with simple electroplating to do some cool things.
For example you could coat plastic 3D prints with some cheap but conductive copper, and then nickel plate them.
Then you can buff out the nickel plating to get that perfect shine you want.
Vielleicht kannst du auch so versuchen Blattgold herzustellen. Cooles Experiment!
Puh, Gold wäre dann doch etwas zu teuer für mich ;) Aber es gibt ja noch genug andere Metalle, die man testen kann.
Very High Vacuum = "Danger." +Very High amp Electricity = "MORE Danger".. Very Hot Molten metal vapor = "Even More Danger" ..
I like where this is going ....
Good thing you have your Shiny Safty Squints.
Safety squints are always engaged ;)
Hello. You could try to use a special formulation of transfer tape using low outgassing acrylic compound like 3M 9703.
We use it on spacecrafts all the time and it works really well for lightweight components which needs to be electrically conducive.
One tip. Do not EVER use brass inside vacuum chamber. Zinc inside brass has tendency to get out and ruin your Vacuum, also in this kind of application it will get inside your layer.
I have developed this instrument for scientific use.For a dense coating, the substrate may have to be cooling.This takes into account the melting point of the material and the thickness of the coating.
Good job
Thank you!
Awesome, you could help people with classic cars, motor cycles to recoat their headlights.
: )
DO TECHNETIUM next! :D
Haha, nope! But you seem like the person, that would like a technetium mirror ;)
Amazing i really enjoy learning what you do much appreciated
Thank you! I’m glad you enjoyed the video and learned something.
Metal becomes transparent if you make it thin enough, iridium enhances light. Gold enhances color.
Ground glass surfaces would hold the metal better, perhaps? Also structural colours would be interesting, if you can peel off the metal foil with the surface structure that causes different colours.
Beautiful! ❤🙌🏻
Wow much much greatful thank you 👍👍👏👏🙌🙌✨👑🔥🔥
I recently found a Leybold TurboVac 350i unit which had been discarded. I was wondering what it was so started researching and came across your channel. Cool stuff!
There were actually 2 such units but not knowing what it was at the time I only acquired 1 of them for a mere $20. 😀
Now to start seeing if I can get it in use...
Nice work.
Thank you!
Don't limit yourself to metals! Ceramics are perfectly suited to being used in thermal vapor deposition. I've even seen plain glass (SiO2) used.
5:07 You could actually power up to three different crucibles. Running power trough connectors A-B, A-C or B-C
You can also try applying a shielding layer of Silicon Monoxide, as they do for optical front surface mirrors.
(Came here from Huygens Optics)
Since you used JB weld in a dielectric for your first DIY passthough, Ill head off the inevitable "OMG JB weld has metal in it!!1!" comments. Bulk JB weld is an insulator, as there isnt enough metal loading for JB weld to be conductive, unless you compress the bondline during curing, to the point its thin enough both of your parts are crushing the iron fill.
Haha, I actually expected a comment like that. But you are right, JB weld is non conductive.
I still wouldn't use it for high voltage stuff though. I would imagine the breakdown voltage is a lot lower due to the metal.
At the extremely low voltage, about 2V or so its not gonna be an issue❤
Love that you designed an extremely complex extra water cooling step that, because you didn't actually test if was necessary to begin with, just.. was a whole part of this video that was unnecessary lmao
Haha! Yeah, I did spend way too much time building the water cooling system. I even had to order the thick-walled copper pipes from China. Well, at least now the design is future-proof in case I ever need a lot more current.
Super! Thank you very much!
Small tipp: You don't need to clamp down the lid of the chamber. The force of the Vacuum is more than enough
In case of a massive leak, momentum from inrushing air can actually give > 1 bar pressure in the chamber, so having a few clamps, at least, would be wise.
your vaccuum chamber looks like the apparatus from Flubber
The copp3r is soooo pretty
The 'uy' in Huygens is pronounced like a German 'eu'
Very cool! I wonder if the foil peeled off due to different thermal properties.
The silver safety glasses should be perfect for observing nuclear tests!
Soo good
Thank you!
Nice to see your setup working this well. Really amazing that you can get nice mirror finishes.
If you take a second cruible, make a tiny hole in it and put it onto the first crucible upside down, you might be able to get a nice pencil beam.
Did you consider using ellipsometry to measure the thickness of your deposit?
Interesting idea to use a crucible with a hole inside. I will try that out.
I haven't thought about ellipsometry to measure the thickness. I honestly never heard of it. But I will take a look into it.
@@AdvancedTinkeringif you are near a university with their own characterization facility (and with X-ray diffraction capability) you might be able to ask them if they could perform x-ray reflectivity on your samples to see thickness and determine growth rate. If that's something important to any future projects!
@@ianmercer1291 You can also measure the thickness of metals if they are thin enough with spectroscopic reflectometry, which is a bit easier and cheaper.
Awesome
I think the real use for this should be gold-plated astronaut ice cream. 😏
Very impressive. I got an idea that i wish to see: why you don't try printing a circuit board on 3D printed part, or even on glass, and by uaing very thin glass (telescope glass) then you might end with multiple layers circuit board by stacking the predesigned circuit 😍
Nice.
Super cool
use a base bath with isopropyl alcohol and sodium hidroxide to clean the glass
Gold
Respect! This is downright engineering. Nice! 🙌✨
Very cool to see you work on pvd! Im going to grad school to work on a few pvd techniques (molecular beam epitaxy and sputtering) since im currently a senior undergrad. Impressive setup for sure! Id love to build a setup like this one day. What are some of the future projects that you are thinking of with this system?
One thing that might be interesting to try is indium tin oxide. In thin layers, it's completely transparent yet quite a good electrical conductor (think touch screen). I'm not sure if it needs a sputtering setup, though.
🔥
Hi there!
The amount of material used to coat a small glass surface so it will be opaque is so small that it will be measured in milligrams or even that.
Instead of making a vinyl stencil, I'd make one out of sheet metal, or a similar solid material that when removed will only leave the "shadow" of the letters in metal. Come think of it, vinyl should work just fine to coat the inside of a pair of safety glasses with.
Cooles Video
Danke!
That is nice dude
You should plasma treat the surface of the glass to stick the metal way better
That's the plan.
I have done a great deal of electroplating, which has resulted in a wide range of quality of plate jobs. I'd be very curious to compare conventional electroplating to these types of PVD based plate jobs.
If the top surface of your vacuum chamber is flat, then there is no need to clamp it down. At this size the atmospheric pressure will do the job.
It would leak at ultra high vacuums, so the clamps are needed.
@@cricketshine1160 I use a similar setup at a pressure of 1E-10 mbar without any leak. It definitely worth a try.
Protopasta has bakeable PLA that you can bake after printing and it gets real hard. I imagine it would off gas during the bake so you might be able to use it in the vac chamber. Oh wait. I'm Jewish. You don't want ideas from me. Never mind. Yeah, you folks wiped out my entire family there 80 years ago so never mind everything I said.