Ten Minute History - The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Birth of the Balkans (Short Documentary)
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- Опубліковано 16 кві 2018
- Twitter: / tenminhistory
Patreon: www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the decline and fall of the Ottoman Empire from the turn of the nineteenth century to its end in 1923. The first half covers the empire's struggles up until the Crimean War and the second sees the empire catastrophic fall including the Balkan Wars and of course the First World War.
Ten Minute History is a series of short, ten minute animated narrative documentaries that are designed as revision refreshers or simple introductions to a topic. Please note that these are not meant to be comprehensive and there's a lot of stuff I couldn't fit into the episodes that I would have liked to. Thank you for watching, though, it's always appreciated.
Recommended books:
Douglas A Howard - A History of the Ottoman Empire (2017) - Genuinely a phenomenal introduction which covers the entire empire. There are a few things he tends to gloss over, most notably Balkan independence movements.
Caroline Finkel - Osman's Dream: A History of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1923 (2006). Another great overview book, more detailed than the above but harder to get into, is particularly good at covering the Sultans and their ministers.
Donald Quataert - The Ottoman Empire 1700-1922 (2005). A really good overview, it's shorter than the other two and does a great job covering Egypt. Has very good insights into the legacy of the Ottoman Empire as well which many books tend to lack.
Vote for the next episode here:
www.strawpoll.me/15524347
Ten Minute History you make great videos
Can you do the Vietnam war plz I want to learn more about it
Can you make a video elaborating more on the Crimean War at some point?
I'm really hoping for one about Africa. My dad was born there.
Please can you do a video on the English Civil War?
Fun Fact: The Ottomans were the only member the Central Powers from World War 1 that actually managed to overthrow the treaty they had signed at the end of the war and renegotiated for a better deal.
@@Bobelponge123 xD
@asaeampan ooh wow you can figure out that 1 of 4 is 25%, also I wasn't saying what they did was not impressive because it sure was but saying it out of the 4 members doesn't make it sound any more impressive. What I was saying is that if there would've been more members it would have made it even more rare.
asaeampan If you went to the Ozarks the rabbits would probably take you down it would be too much to Handle for a slim city boy. Hillbilly’s would beat your ass and then show you how to properly build tables and install wireless routers
Greeks tried to take some more land.
The DooD but in the end they didn’t
The sultans truly honored their title Kayser-i-Rum by keeping alive the Roman emperors' tradition of being overthrown every 5 seconds.
I can give you even a better statistic: Ottoman Empire had 36 sultans throughout it’s lifespan and 12 of them was overthrown. That’s a solid 33% rate of overthrowing lol
@@mertcebeci26 I wonder what the rate of overthrowing was for rome lol
@@juwebles4352 I’d wager much higher, too lazy to google search. I’ll wait for the answer lol.
@@jamesson1154 For the Roman Emperors until the fall of Western Rome:
34-44% were assassinated (or suspected of being assassinated) and 14% were executed,
Thus making that a 48-58% chance of being retired from life by your own people.
Then 9% of Emperors died on the battle field, and 4% committed suicide.
So if you were the lucky 29%, you might have died of natural causes, like good old TB!
@@jamesson1154 About 20% of their emperors were assassinated
Imagine how crazy it must have been for someone born in the Balcans in the 1860s to live long enough to see the 1960s
Bro I think about stuff like this all the time. We all wanna act like time distances us greatly when in fact we all are more similar then we think. Our lives are short, it’s important not too forget our history.
Wow that's crazy omg, i- damn
Imagine someone in Bosnia, going from the ottomans, to Austria Hungary, to Yugoslavia. WW1, WW2, the interwar and post war period, must have been nuts.
Given the volatility of the region there’s a good chance you’d die but I’m certain there were some people who lived around that much
most probably wouldn't be able to survive because of the slaughtering and/or wars but yeah... imagine
Nobody:
Balkans 1800-2004:
War war war war war war war war war war
America: Am I a joke to you? Not for long, though.
Danmark for danskerne the balkans have been in near constant war since at least 681. There was short period of peace in the mid 9th and mid 10th century.
Constant war likely goes back to Ancient Greek times.
@@SKa-tt9nm why is this though..
Luke Salazar it’s one of the cradles of western civilization. If you look at the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Europe, the majority of them are in the Balkans and Italy.
So when history stretches that far, different countries rise and fall at different times. So if in one generation the Greeks were the aggressors, in the next one its the eastern Roman Empire, the Bulgars, etc.
after 2-3 thousand years of that, there’s no more “good guys” and “bad guys”. It’s just whose turn is it to be powerful. My grandfather might have burned down your village, but he did it because his father’s village was burned down by your great-grandfather, etc.
and then kids are taught in history class to hate all their neighbor countries because they invaded or committed atrocities, ignoring the times when your own country committed the same atrocities.
It’s a vicious cycle.
S K very well said. I wish there was a way to break that cycle. Russians and Turks still hate each other after 700-800 years
So did Muhammed Ali rule Egypt before or after he was a boxer?
He called all the french, Orangutans
Float like a butterfly. Sting like the destruction of an empire.
There are multiple famous people named Muhammad Ali,the founder of Pakistan,the boxer and the onr in this video.
Hijab Naqvi wow Muhammad Ali was also the founder of Pakistan. There's so much I didn't know about him 😱
Hijab Naqvi r/woooosh
The whole WW1 part of Ottoman deserves its own episode.
The Gallipoli Campaign...
@@andrejhofer2007 outside of gallipoli the ottomans were mostly a complete failure just like austria
@Tarık Mengüç "raping" the allies taking more casualties than they caused during the war.
Yesss Gallipoli
@Betrion What? What? What? What? Most people don't even know about the Ottoman genocides. Also how about you deploy whataboutism in a proper manner. If we were defending the colonial powers in Africa and you would know what people are talking and not talking about then your argument would make sense. Also also what has Hitler got to do with any of this?
1:55
To dissolve them is an understatement, the mad lad literally fired artillery shells on the jannisery barracks as well as starting a men hunt.
It was so necessary.This maybe the only thing that all turks agree upon.
It had to happen, there was really no other way.
Spahis were first to lead the charge, because they were rivals of Jannissaries for centuries. They did their job, proved themselves better and gracefully disbanded.
So it was like an Order 66 on the Jannisaries
@@stalincom exactly
It's interesting that he avoided saying "the sick man of Europe"which is the standard cliche about the decline of the Ottomans in the Balkans.
I know right. The Ottomans could have easily won the war with Italy and the Balkans. But why is it cliche? It's not entirely wrong.
I mean, it's not a cliche if it's pretty much correct. The Ottomans suffered nothing but setbacks, losses and humiliations in the 19th and 20th centuries.
With German assistance if not they would fight them with sticks and rocks
It's hard to keep empires as large as the ottoman one together and unified culturally.
Star dust Yeah, but only because Italy was incompetent as well (no offense to any Italians).
Oh cant wait for the comment section to have a respectful and engaging discussion about the ottomans
Am I doing it right?
WHY IS EVERYTHING ON FIRE?
Joint Ottoman third Rome?
*Retake Constantinopolis*
*Swears in slavic*
Take a drink every time a Sultan is overthrown
Burger
I exploded
ohhh boy
*drops dead*
Me who’s a Muslim: uhhhhhhhhhhhhhh a drink of milk?
Sultan: *Attempts to modernize the country*
Janissaries: Can u don't
*Can you not
@@warbler1984 its a meme format.
@@warbler1984 you must be fun at parties
My Turkish friend call me her little brother. I thought well of it until I remembered what Ottoman Sultans did to their brothers...
puchy110 ouch
Yeah you're dead
I hope your austrian friends doesn't call you their brothers.
murat gökçe Incest is wincest
Nino James Cuestas he says about killing his own brothers for rule country, you dirty minded idiot
So basically
The Balkans are a headache
Marc Nassif the powder keg never disappoints
You have no idea
True
Marc Nassif the Balkans are Europe’s most dysfunctional family.
Marc Nassif That’s most of European history really.
“The Russians invaded Crimea” oh boy this sounds familiar
C
I want to diacus dis
.
Russia would b and still kn b Changed
If then or now thay have a Warm Water Port on their weatern '? Side)?!!
What do u say
Like , Turning a spy
Fliping
No, Crimea was their territory back then. The war was called Crimean, because Russian main defense line was there
@SebiscuitTheGreat OOOF of course he does, but there was no russian invasion in Crimean war in the first place, so his statement is not correct
@SebiscuitTheGreat OOOF and it became part of Ukraine only in 20th century
@@user-no4di9ro7c Good point, I guess the illegal invasion of 2014 was more or less the first
My professor of history in Serbia kept saying that Belgrade and Baghdad were in the same country. I was fascinated by that fact.
Belgrade and Mecca.. Yemen
Belgrade, Baghdad, Istanbul, Tripoli, Algiers, Mecca, Athens. It was a vast empire.
So were paris and Damascus
The Crimean War was not the first war to see the use of rifled muskets, but rather the first to see armies equipped predominantly or exclusively with rifles.
Bluehawk2008
Well observed, I might be incorrect but I think they were also used in the Battle of Waterloo.
@@uzairazhar2564 The 95th was the first to be armed with the Baker rifle en masse iirc
Ottomans had a lot of bolt action rifles, poorly equiped without a scope. Yet ww1 was the most beautiful war because it introduced auto loading which are in NATO's top weapons
@@uzairazhar2564 Actually, rifles simply weren't very efficient for a long time (except for skirmishers, and some very specialized forces), because of their low fire rate. The point was, that by the time of the Crimean war, rifles became so effective that you simply has to use them in a large modern war.
@@xenotypos
I agree, I believe only a small number of troops used rifles at Waterloo.
This isn't England...
Your videos are done with amazing quality
Ten Minute History …this is Sparta?
Oh, so it's France!
Make a french series
What about a three ou four-parter on Ethiopia?
Facts about Mohammad Ali....
1) He was the ruler of Egypt at Ottoman era at 19th century.....
2)He was the famous boxer in US history
3)He's the founder of Modern country Pakistan....
4)He is the second grand Vizier of Ottoman empire at 1360s...
5)He is a time traveller and Co-founder of NASA
6)His power level was over 9000
7)He ruled from Persia to the wastelands of Maghreb for more than 8 centuries...
8)He is medically proven as an 'Immortal'
9)He conquered Jerusalem from the crusaders in the name of Salah Al Din...
10)He won some championship titles at the end of the 20th century at WWE
11) He was the mentor of Cristiano Ronaldo who goes by the name 'Sir Alex Ferguson'.
Omg your incredible 😂😂😂😂😂
ok
😒😒😒
He floated like a butterfly, stung like a dissolution of an empire
@@amortality999 more like magnificent
Having published in Academic Journals on this topic, you covered quite a bit of the expansive history here, & didn't shy away from the fact that the Europeans had a very vested interest in keeping the Ottomans militarily & economically weakened for their own trade goals. Kudos!
Why were the CUP and Young Turks primarly based out of European Turkey/Balkans and not Anatolia given the fierce anti-Ottoman nationalism in the Balkans/European Turkey
hey bro, can you send me a link? I'd like to see it for a project that I have to do
@@reecem9367ín attempt to save the empire, ottomans sought to reform and strengthen the army. Military officers were being educated in Balkan region, best and brightest of them that were going to be generals, traveled all over the Europe , studied their cultures and observed their lives. So it's natural that they were the ones to realize that such reforms were not enough and entire system had to be overhauled if they were to save what was left of the empire. Anatolia was pretty poor and neglected region with %90 illiterate population of farmers, shepherds and religious folk.
"... but someone didn't like it, and so...... war"
I finally know what terms are which. Now to play some Kaiserreich...
Electric Fan Ottomans are fun in Kaiserreich! It's a shame they always lose the Ottoman-Axis war and become boring generic focus-tree Turkey if controlled by AI
fkostyuk The first balkan war is the most annoying part about playing as ottomans.
lol it Is actually easy to win the axis war, ok well not easy but I managed to do it once and I was quite proud, all you have to do is to prepare for it from the start, and so really boring micromanagement day by day you can win, after winning and restoring the borders of the ottoman empire it felt soo great but sadly it became to boring to continue playing.
also it is the easiest war to deal with, the most annoying one is actually the axis war
@@fkostyuk Except when I play as greece then we have an OP ottoman empire beating up the axis bad time.
5:48 I feel like we're gonna hear that a lot
Romulus Numa But What if this gonna be in 15th and 16th century?
Can we have the British version of this please? 😂😂😂
@@shinebrightlikeadoitsu1120 But ıt's still on the process.
I've been always intrigued by the history of the Ottoman Empire, both its rise and fall throughout studying history in grade school. I really enjoyed the documentaries.
They just inslaved non muslim ppl in the start and were never able to go past Vienna
If you want a more in depth look at the history of Turkey/the Ottoman Empire check out kraut’s video series on Turkey
well Turks kept history busy
“Trouble came knocking in the shape of a boot, a boot called Italy”
"Look at my moustache."
He has my vote!
Wait till ataturk comes😂😂😂
reminds me of Trotsky: My hair is amazing
lol toxic obesite internet guy comment detected.
@@zachnational303 huh?
The map of Bulgaria's principality is wrong. In 1885, the Bulgarian Prinicipality united with Eastern Rumelia, which is the territory south of what you showed.
I didn't include Rumelia because it was co-administered by both the semi-independent Bulgaria and the Ottomans and I wasn't sure how to display it on the map that didn't require further explanation.
Hash marks?
On theory it was co-administered but in reality it was fully in Bulgaria control. Bulgaria at the time was not semi autonomous but independent country that is vassal to the Ottomans on paper. And btw the unification of Bulgaria and Rumelia was important cause it shows how weak was the empire at the time. This act was heavily attacked by Russia and still the Ottomans let it happen.
Ten Minute History on matter of the bulgarian revolt, you haven't show the provinces that revolted. It was basicly Rumelia that revolted.
ferumman You are right
9:33 RIP Ottoman Empire “we gave it a go” 😂 they gave it a pretty damn good go to be fair
I'll be back
🤣🤣👏🏼
@Syphax Atlas How much of the world speaks some form of Roman ?. Even English is basically a Romanized language
@Syphax Atlas id say the romans probably had more of an overall impact than the ottomans, we just have the historical bias of out world still kind of being impacted by the ottomans. That is a really good point about china though. Even under different political entities they've just about always been able the throw weight around regionally
@Syphax Atlas China is not an empire that still exists =) The Chinese empire ended at the 1. January 1912 =)
9:32 "We gave it a go" Well as far as empires go. The Ottoman empire did pretty good to say the least
Turkey's border wasn't look like 9:25 this exactly after the independece war. The province that today known as Hatay was joined to Turkey at 1939.
Anyway, cool video.
@Burak buyur sen yaz
Burak lan adamın yazdığı her şey tamamen anlaşılıyor sorun ne
There is a northern cyprus, I live in Turkish and Cyprus, but the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Turkish border didnt look like the one at 9:25, at least not immediately after. There was a minor incident for a province that is now called "Hatay" which was resolved in 1939, so minus Hatay, it would've been correct, but in the end it comes to that, so who cares right?
@Burak.. Ingilterede yasayan Hatayli olarak duruma el koyuyorum..
“wasn’t” yerine “didn’t” yazmaliydi ama ne demek istedigi anlasilmis. Bu durum seni neden cok sinirlendirdi onu anlamadim?
Good job picking up that the Greeks were still calling themselves Romans back then. Lots of my fellow Greeks do not know that these days
They called themselves Romans? How did that happen?
@@andrew7taylor the Roman empire ended as a Greek-speaking state centered on Constantinople. Its people were Romans, so it makes sense that they still called themselves that after being conquered by the Ottomans.
They identified as greki (Γραικοί) or romiyi (Ρωμιοί) as they saw themselves as descendants of the Byzantine empire (the Eastern part of Roman epmire) and as descendants of the ancient Greeks
@@lakoste03 Even a few decades ago, old people used the ethnonym “Roman” instead of “Greek”.
We still call you that. Turkish word for Greek is Rum. Which comes from Roman.
2:43 "Only we can bully them" god I'm crying this channel is incredible. Mostly serious but when there are jokes, they're god tier jokes
I really like the waving characters at the end.
Ottoman Empire: *who are you?*
Turkey: *im you... but smaller*
And better - well at least under Atatürk
To hell with ataturk he was the biggest sell out the world has seen .
Long live Erdogan 🇸🇴
@@commentslayer are you Turkish or just a spare tire?
@@kkon5ti yeah that’s why turkey was for years a shithole.
@@namenloser7026 A country that came out of a devestating war against all odds wasn't doing well after it? Shocker.
You know, right at the end, Boris Johnson's ancestor was the last foreign minister for the Ottomans....apparently they hung him up and dragged him through the streets of Istambul.
Guillotine vibes
@Абдульзефир its Istanbul
@Абдульзефир on „paper“ . the people living there called it istanbul, which comes from some greek phrase that meant „to the city“ . It is not like: „ you know what? Lets change the name from konstantiniye to istanbul. I just feel like it.“ it was already called like that for centuries by the people.
@Абдульзефир you don't know anything
@@farismustafa5389 Constantinople
Wait, the Greeks called themselves Romans up to the 1800's? Never knew that, that's awesome.
We still call them Romans(Rum) in Turkish, because they were being Rome when we learned about them. Or Ionians(Yunan), because they were being Ionia when the Persians learned about them. No one says Greek, lol.
@@CimboAkinci Yunanistan lol.
I wonder then how you Turks would call the Chinese province of Yunan.
Also , the world Greek comes from Latin Graercia , as the Romans first met the people of Gracia from Epirus ( north west Greece ) who colonized in Italy .
D.Ant. Yeahh not correct. North Epirus was never inhabited by modern greeks.
@@serbonresurrected816 it's perfectly normal for easterners to call it yunan since ionia was in asia minor. And europe called it greek because that's how they learned from the romans. But turks call greeks both yunan and rum because greeks called themselves rome as well.
That's a really wild ride towards the end of the empire. It always intrigues me how the Turks, after so many defeats and losses of territory, managed to come back at their weakest moment and regain some chunks of empire to form Turkey. I reckon it happened because everyone (meaning the allied powers) was too tired from WWI to care to enforce the treaty on Turkey, and Russia was distracted with its own civil war.
Sort of but no, the USSR won by that point I think and both them and Turkey agreed to pretty much split teh Armenian state formed there, after which the USSR began funding the Turkish army (this Is very simplified)
Very informing video, keep up the great work! There was one mistake I noticed: the map on 9:26 is slightly wrong. The region called "Hatay" at the very South of Turkey was given to the Turks at 1938. It was part of the French collonial Empire beforehand.
It was not given to Turkey, the referendum in Hatay resulted in Hatay joining Turkey willingly.
1st Hatay became independent
2nd They held a referandum
3rd they joint to Turkey
The presentation style of this channel is sheer genius. And it's unique. I don't know any other channel that handles things this way. A whole bunch of brilliant styles, working together.
I find the monotonous tone very hard to listen to. It sounds like a computer.
@@elizabethmackenzie5730 Different strokes, and all that. I won't even give your comment a thumb down. You like what you like, don't what you don't. I can't argue with that. You gotta do what works for you.
Fascinating looking back at the fall of empires, rivetting watching the comedy of errors of one rapid decline and falling apart in real time on social media.
A sultans male relative: "exists"
Sultan: "So you have chosen, death"
Suprisingly effective rule tho, for example Süleyman couldnt kill his son wich was Part of the reason for his life going into a tragic direction
I always love it when they hold up a sign that says "Everything is terrible." 4:41
Great video as usually dude, keep up the good work!
An accurare assertion of history, although short. You should've covered a bit of WW1 as it is very defining for both Turkey and Bulgaria. They succesfully fought as allies despite the mutual hatred up until the Germans start losing.
Then he might have had to go into the Armenia, Greek, and Assrian Genocides.
@@levongevorgyan6789
Stop the cap
@@brianwashedhunter1150 You are right. I forgot the massacres of the Yazidis too.
@@levongevorgyan6789 How about you talking about the horrible things the French did in Algeria
@@maas1208 Right after I talk about the cenuries of Algerian slave raids on France, only completely stopped by the French conquest of Algeria?
Rip ottomans “We gave it a go”
@Salt & Pepper Not really , technically US has been the superpower longer than Ottoman Empire was , moreover they're the dominant nation in a continent which is far from all the likely threats to them such as Russia , Turkey , France , Iran , India , China and so on . As it stands the only way for US to lose it's position in the world ranking is huge civil wars to occur .
@Salt & Pepper I didn't say anything about the US age , It has been the superpower since WW2 and it'll remain that way in the next decades , Ottoman empire stayed on top of the list for a barely a century which is a lot but US either almost surpassed that or close to overtaking that .
@Salt & Pepper there's a difference between being the dominant nation in the region and being the superpower of the entire world , Ottoman Empire certainly has never been a superpower for more than 150 years .
@@kasadam85 Far from China and Russia? You do realise that the world doesn't end at the west of America right? It connects with the east side of Asia.
@@naberyoutube2802 what's your point ?
Brief and quite informative video at the same time. But in the video Bulgaria's southern borders in 1908 lays across the Balkan mountain, although the unification with Eastern Rumelia did take place in 1885.
Keep up the excellent work!
Wow, England sure looked different back in the day.
@Person Hello I think this was more a joke about the English history videos coming up around that time. Didn't help that they're both red.
I love how losing to Italy was a sign of weakness
Romania didn't just let russian troops throught(1812), they also came to Russia's aid, when the great duke( the Czar's brother and comander pf the armed forces) requested it. The battle of Plevna is famous in Romanian history, as well as the attack on the Smârdan fort, which was imortalised in a painting by Nicolae Grigorescu. We call it the War for Independence.
I literally have a midterm on this tomorrow. I can't express my thanks.
man i laughed so hard to your mustafa kemal drawing ahaha
It looks far too much like Berlusconi for my liking.
Ten Minute History plot twist.
He looks the coolest in history
where’s the moustache?
He's blond w blue eyes. Why would you even draw him like that? lol
0:08
I just noticed: there's no right arm for the British man. I guess this is a general who lost it in battle?
That's Horatio Nelson. The legendary one-armed admiral
@@tristan3801 Oh, I forgot about this comment.
Thank you! :)
"Against all odds" perfectly sums up the turkish war of independence. I think Turks have some kind of superpower only to use in the time of great need: when their independent state is going down. From Gokturks to Republic they always found a way to build a state of order
Big portion of that superpower stems from the Atatürk himself. The way he united an entire country which was in shambles and riddled with many groups of minorities that despise each other, honestly nothing short of a miracle.
And to think that he wasnt even ethnically properly Turkish himself, adds another magnitude of respect.
@@bronzejourney5784 he was ethnically Turk actually. An old Ottoman principle was taking Anatolian Turks to new conquered states and make them live in there,so conquers may be long termed.which Atatürk's grandfathers lived the same.He didn't born in Anatolia,but he was a Turk.
Honestly one thing I pride on turkish history is their incredible stubborness to be completely free. Any time their freedom was at peril, they seem to find a way to avoid subservience entirely.
We are just massive procrastinators. We can be capable, as shown by the many empires we've built over the last 2 millenia, but once our states start declining we don't get up from out fat asses and fix the issue until the very last minute.
Good video, I especially appreciate these topics that I don't know much about. The only thing is you threw a lot of names fairly quickly, the little images of the people were good but it would be great if you put their name beside the image, it's easy to forget which one is which.
That was a slower and even more painful demise that I was previously aware of, bad times. Good video though.
Fascinating as always
Ottoman Empire: *exists*
Balkans: *peace was never an option*
it never was, it never will be
@@arkan5000so thats why every balkan country hate each other
@DeadRed Cross tell that Bosna hersek and Serbia
@DeadRed Cross or Macedonia and Greece
@DeadRed Cross those three hate Turkey together. And ı think thats the only reason why they dont hate each other. And Bulgaria also hate them as well
7:59 is that the 11th doctor?
prusi lusk in left?
Yyyep!
He loves Fezes
Hahaha looks alike 😂
I believe so :-D
The first 10 Ottoman rulers where legendary, after Sultan Suleiman the 10th Sultan, the Ottomans couldn't find 1 good ruler in 300 years.
Very nice video man
The Fall of the ottoman empire is what makes real men cry
Why? Lol
Lmao
from happier because a brutal regime finally collapsed
Lol
so true
Historically accurate video. Thanks.
Got pretty much everything perfectly right. Amazing content man.
love your analysis
Very interesting video, I found your channel and I like it
Been a while since I watched your videos. Still really good as always.
8:00 nice Doctor Who reference
Fezzes are cool
Great presentation!
Good vid, thanks.
Serbia And Russia Are like the Best Bros Ever since Elementary
Great summary
Mohmand Ali . He floats like a Butterfly and Stung like a Bee !
An ellaboration on the Second Balkan War. In the planning of the First Balkan War, the agreements for how to divide the territory were only two-sided a.k.a Greece - Bulgaria & Serbia - Bulgaria. There was no three-way arrangement to decide what everyone will get. As such, behind the back of Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia decided to divide up Macedonia amongst themselves, in spite of their agreements for it to be given to Bulgaria. The acquisition of Macedonia was the main goal for Bulgaria in the First Balkan War, so afterwards they were understandably pissed.
The way the Second Balkan War started was as follows: Bulgarian troops were the ones tasked with pushing the Ottomans eastwards and as such no forces were present in Macedonia. When the troops returned to occupy the territory that had been promised, Serbian and Greek forces were present there so their arrival was perceived as an attack, making Bulgaria seem like the aggressor in this soon to be Second Balkan War.
Now caught up in a fight against two of her neighbours, Bulgaria still stood her ground. The true decider in the conflict would instead be the unannouced and unwarranted invasion of Romanian forces at the northern border. This moment is remember in Bulgarian history as "The Second National Catastrophe".
And then they call Bulgaria the "traitor" after they side with the enemy they just fought against
Romania and Bulgaria had a dispute around Silistra. Bulgaria signed a treaty, mediated by Russia, in St Petersburg agreeing to give Silistra and a small area around it to Romania. But after signing Bulgaria went back on it's word. So Romania formally warned the Bulgarian Tzar that if they started another Balkan War, Romania would join against Bulgaria. But Bulgaria went ahead and started the war, then left the northern border completely undefended, although they had been warned that Romania would intervene.
2 fun facts, thus Sofia became the first capital to be overflown by enemy planes and King Carol stopped his troops short of entering Sofia because he did not want to humiliate his opponent.
The status of the "Suez Canal" can still give the greatest military minds a heartattack...
Really cool video.
Love the golden cage in the background.
I think you meant to say the Crimean war was the first war to use rifled muskets as the standard infantry weapon. Rifle muskets had been used before but they were normally specialty weapons Due to the fact that before stuff like minie ball or compression bullet were invented, You had to ram a ball down a rifled barrel, which took longer to load and would cause the rifling to get fouled real quick
As a side note for those interested in the history of the Romanian Principalities: there was a sort of revolution there in 1821 too. It was basically a conspiracy between the local Romanian landlord(or "boieri" in Romanian), the secret Greek society "Filiki Eteria" and a leader of a semi-official militia called Tudor Vladimirescu, all of this secretely supported by Russia. When the revolution began in Greece, Tudor and the landlords staged a coup in Wallachia and helped the Eterian army, which was supposed to just pass through and cross the Danube, cross from Russian into Wallachia, at which point is stopped and began to loot and occupy the country. Meanwhile, the Russian Tsar disawoed both Tudor and the Etherians. And then Tudor managed to piss off the landlords and got himself into conflict with the Greeks, which lead to his death. Immediately after this, the Etherials managed to lose of the Ottoman army sent to stop them. As a consequence of this charade, the sultan agreed to give the landowners back the right to choose the ruler of the countries (called "Domn" in Romanian, literally translating to Sir of Mister).
Later, in April 1828, Russia proceeded to intervene on the side of the Greeks in the conflict by occupying and looting the 2 Principalities and causing a plague that killed about 1.6% of the population of both countries. After the peace treaty, the Russian troops stayed in the Principalities, which were now officially under Russian military protectorate but still vassals of the Ottomans, until the peace reparations were payed by the Ottomans, still looting and abusing their power. It was not until the third Russian governor, Pavel Kiseleff, that they managed to install a quasi-constitutional organic law in both countries.
After the Crimean War, the Great Powers accepted to unite the 2 countries in a single one, called the "United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia", with 2 separate rulers(or "Domnitor", why they changed the title from "Domn" is beyond me), 2 separate armies and 2 governments. The only things they had in common was the legislation and the foreign policy. So, on 17th of January 1859, colonel Alexandru Ioan Cuza was choosen as the Domnitor of Moldavia and then, on 25th of February he got elected as the Domnitor of Wallachia. This went on until January 1862, when the sultan finally accepted to officially unite the 2 countries(mainly because he could do nothing about it and he was getting tired of the Romanian's shenanigans) into one with a single ruler and government and the alternative name of "Romania" for the country was adopted, later changed into the official name in the 1866 constitution.
The Russian-Trukish war of 1878/1879 is known in Romania as the "Romanian War of Independence". In it, the most important achievement of the Romanian army was the fall of Plevna, when the then Domnitor Carol I of Romania(who would later became King Carol I of Romania) lead a Romanian-Russian joined force in the attacks that made the city fall, after it has repulsed several attempts by the Russian Army. After the peace between the 2 powers, Romania was stripped of the only corridor it had to the Black Sea, was granted the independence it desired and became a landlocked nation with Russian forces inside it. Fortunatelly, as Carol was a member of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, he was able to use his family ties to secure the support of both Germany and France and managed to secure the independence of Romania from bith Russia and the Ottomans, while obtaining another corridor to the Black Sea, called "Dobrogea" just south of the Danube.
If you read all this wall of text, I am impressed with your patience and I hope you learned something from it.
thanks
The Ottomans was undoubtedly one of the most important empires, it made Spain discover America, invade Hungary which made The Habsburg’s stronger and after it died, Britain and France colonised the Middle East, in which conflict arose after WW2
As always, I love the cartoon figures.
0:49 New Order is in this video? hell yes that's my favorite band!
Funny omsk tno
@historymatters another amazing video, but I want to point out few small mistakes that you made. After the Berlin Treaty Principality of Bulgaria was independent, but the territory of Eastern Rumelia was autonomous territory under ottoman rule. That will change in 1885 when Bulgaria annexed that territory starting the Bulgarian Serbian war.
2:42 _”Only we can bully them”_ 😂 I love this channel
fun fact: murad v calling abdulaziz "too liberal" but he was the most liberal of all sultans and was a member of the freemasons.
Thanks for the videos! Could you do a Middle East from 1918 through today?
It's definitely on the list since it's part of the British curriculum.
Bernardo Cavalcanti
It became a big shithole because of Europe's puppets and their thoughtless dividing.
End of story.
Source: me who is from the Middle East.
Where are the book recommendations?
Added. Thanks for reminding me.
Youre
I could watch these all day
As impossible as it would have bee, it’s very interesting to imagine the Ottoman’s surviving to tap into the resources their empire sat on.
The Ottomans turned into a punching bag in the 19th century. Getting whipped and eaten slowly by Russia, Austria and Egypt.
Technically 'Egypt' was Ottoman aswell, More a civil war than another independant country.
@@KadirAksu28 The Ottoman Empire had the dubious honor of being a country parts of whose occupied territories were puppet states to _other_ powers more than they were to the Ottomans.
@@KadirAksu28
In the beginning it was a war for independence but under the pressure of the great powers mohamed ali agreed that egypt would remain a subject of ottomans so it turned from fully control to a nominal control of Egypt
@@XXMXX4 Muhammed Ali was a Turkish general as well that he saw an opportunity to establish his own country and that's why he always cooperated with europeans as they were more benefical than trying to establish a completely independent country!! So Egypt's rebellion was never about independence...
In fairness they would have been ended much sooner if Britain and France didn't want a counterbalance to russia
8:32 THESE ISLANDS have a name, Dodecanese!
Yes they has a name...island
Well. Nobody gives a fuck
@@nottheguyyourelookingfor2060 It's not just one island
@@alikaan5968 Nice way to justify not knowing something lol
9:33 that date is satisfying for some reason
Perfect video for 10 minutes.
Watching this alongside "The Ottoman Empire but it's Sir Pelo" for MAXIMUM HISTORY
I've always wondered about this as the ottomans were so powerful for so long, this is a really good condensed explanation of the many various reasons for the decline.
There was never racism in the Ottoman Empire and even though it was a Turkish state, the Turks were never at the forefront, but then the lack of system and ignorance finished the Ottoman Empire.
@@Shinji801 There was a lot of racism in ottoman empire
@@Shinji801 there is not a single nation in the world even today where there is no racism
@@froglifes6829 of course, there was no racism in the Ottoman Empire, there would have been between individuals, but there would have been no Decency in the Ottoman Empire for Greeks and Turks, because there are many nationalities living in the Ottoman Empire.If the Ottoman was racist, it would be stupid and he would not have lived so long
@@nyctomint Even today, the origin of the great Islamic scholars in the Middle Ages is debated, because at that time anyone who stood out with their race was Turkish, Persian, it didn't matter. The Ottoman Empire followed this policy. Although black people are intense in America, black people have not been brought to the state administration in the last 30 years, only some tasks have been given. Most of the viziers in the Ottoman Empire were of Balkan origin, I suggest you do your research.
Wow that was a marathon of revolving leaders, borders and alliances.
Video ending is such beuatiful ...
I love history and politics. But it’s crazy how, even though it impacts greatly our day time this period ( late mid 19th century until just after ww1) is never thought.
7:50 - Fortunately Austria grabbing a chunk of Yugoslavia won't cause any future problems at all, nope, none whatsoever, nuh uh, no sir.
Very good videos. History in a nutshell :)
Delightful