@@youngerlab I agree! Now slightly off subject because you Jarred will find this interesting. I see there’s recent findings in Alzheimers research that by chance used IDO1 inhibitors to get ‘astrocytes’ glucose metabolism working again. As you’ll remember that Ron Davis and his co researcher Ron suspected the gene for IDO1 was defective in ME/CFS. But didn’t have funding to test medications on it. Article published by: ‘PenState’ Article name: >>> Cancer drug could treat early-stage Alzheimer’s disease, study shows > “researchers demonstrated that stopping IDO1 helps restore healthy glucose metabolism in astrocytes, the star-shaped brain cells that provide metabolic support to neurons”
Hi Dr Younger, Thank you so much for taking the trouble and time to post this video despite your being sick. Wishing you a speedy recovery. Also, would it be possible for you to share APPROXIMATELY how soon you'll be able to share the results of your work investigating peripheral immune cell infiltration of the brain? I became very excited when you talked about that ~6 months ago and can't wait to learn the outcome!🙂
We decided to run a few healthy male controls because our first four healthy controls were all females. That put us back a bit. I am talking with the ME/CFS individuals right now to get them scheduled for the scan. - Jarred Younger
Good luck with you research. Thanks for trying to find answers for so many folks that suffer, especially our vets with GWS🙏. Hope you are feeling better by now. Best regards.
Thanks for this update. What you say about reclining oxygen perfusion makes good sense. Certainly it will be interesting to hear the broken-out pieces of the study once those ripen. Keep up the good work. You appear to have a good-sized following already, and that interest plus the inherent value of the work means you have no lack of reasons to keep sharing your thoughts and citations. I am sorry to hear you have been sick. May it pass very soon.
Thanks! I'm appreciative of everyone who is willing to watch the videos, especially with all the polished, entertaining, and effective science communicators on UA-cam. I'm glad there is some interest in hearing news directly from one of the labs! - Jarred Younger
What about PEM? How does that influence the design of your studies? I wonder what would all the scans look like it the patients would have induced PEM.
Great question. Yes I would hypothesize that a PEM exacerbation would show decreased oxygen in the brain. I know some clinicians can detect hypoxia after eliciting PEM in individuals with ME/CFS. There is a 5 minutes task that can be used close to the scanner. I am looing into that to see if I should add it to future neuroimaging projects. - Jarred Younger
If PEM is a major unique defined of the illness, it seems like a major oversight to have not tested from this state.😢 Could PEM explain lower values in this study? Parameters are crucial to not wasting opportunities. Did you define level of CFS with measurable data at all? Were there instructions to avoid or inflict known flare behaviors? Were patients even asked if they felt they were having a good day or bad when tested? Since state shifts so quickly, I think tracking state at time of testing is crucial. Moderate patients can be tested on bad days.
Dr. Younger. I am a severe ME long covid patient. MECFS from covid. I have a suggestion I am 99% sure will show some interesting findings, regardless the scan. At least in the severe patients PEM manifests after mental exertion too. Or you could say after any physical stressor. It's the reason severe patients wear earplugs and eye masks and can crash even after someone else washes their hair or even talks to them. Even in milder patients, if you implemented a stressor like loud noise, music, bright lights, a cognitive task or viewing, a patient talking, you would likely "see" the functional problem. Orthostatic intolerance is not the same as this. It's not even present in all CFS patients and it doesn't account for why patients experience PEM even when exerting lying down. Something wrong is happening in the MECFS/ ME type long covid during any type of exertion or stressor. Alternatively and more easily you could scan patients before and after physical or mental exertion causing PEM. I bet my house you will discover things this way. Unless the patient is misdiagnosed, which in mild patients may be the case.
7:14 Very interesting! The range for MECFS is much greater than the other groups - I wonder whether mild v moderate symptom patients would show different means? (I’m wondering if averaging is hiding something)
Good point! I will do analyses by severity level, fatigue severity (0 - 100 scale), post-exertional malaise, fibromyalgia pain, and other factors. Like you are saying, it is always best to find what separates the cases with normal values from those with abnormal values. - Jarred Younger
my remission is lasting! the functional thing you talk about really resonates with my experience. once my body reached an equilibrium the systems started to work with each other and my symptoms disappeared.
Great! Yes I am following the "metabolic trap" work that suggests individuals with ME/CFS are stuck with abnormal systems reinforcing each other. So it takes correct multiple issues in order to get out of it. I am very glad you found things that are working! - Jarred Younger
Just to be clear, on the opening characterization of the state of the participants, I was in a severe ME state when I dragged myself (with much spousal assistance - it would have been impossible on my own) to the appointment that confirmed my initial ME (CFS remained the term at the time) diagnosis. Getting to an appointment now or then does not demonstrate a patient is not house-bound (in my case, I was certainly bedridden and stuck at home for a long period of time). What matters is the general condition of the person. Making an assisted effort to get to a healthcare facility or to an office does not in itself constitute evidence that a person is in any shape to repeat the effort at will, or that the person is not struggling to do anything at all or is not sleeping (albeit poorly) essentially all the time (and beset by other symptoms). That part we find out by asking the patient and the caregiver for an account of the overall run of life for that person. Being at an office or lab is by definition exceptional for people who do not work there, though it would be an indication of a less-severe instance of ME if the person were able to show up for daily or even weekly check-ins and/or to do some of that without help. That said, I'll get back to the video now.
Yes thanks that is very true. I know many of our participants make extraordinary efforts to make it to the scanner, and at great cost for several days afterward. I think a housebound definition is more of being generally confined to the house rather than being in the house 100% of the time. - Jarred Younger
Interesting. I don't think the weather almanacs track solar flares. We would have to pull those data from one of the space weather sources. - Jarred Younger
@@gforgeorge7 can you track it somehow? That would be a really interesting scientific study, but for your own symptoms, it might help you understand how to manage your fatigue etc.
Heightened sensitivity to EMF has been discussed for years in CFS circles. Should be easy to search. There are EMF blocking hats and clothes, but expensive. I got a 70$ beanie from a loving advocate that has the word “Lambs” on it. Very comfy. Putting electronics at least six feet away, and unplugging everything at night has been advised. My room is insulated with foil sheet type of insulation, so, there are just a few things that I know CAN be done if you think EMF is a factor for you.
Does the inflammation restrict the blood flow and oxygenation? I'm struggling to understand how lactate builds up if there is adequate blood flow. My personal situation is that I require a lot of magnesium, nebulizing it as a chloride before bed, or else I wake up in the morning feeling as tired as when I went to sleep, with very poor concentration. I feel my vision clear as the magnesium takes effect (not so much vision, but awareness, i.e. brain fog lifts temporarily). I understand that this is due to capillaries opening up. That was before Covid. Now post-Covid things are even worse for concentration. I'm trying hyperbaric oxygen therapy in case the tiny capillaries got blocked by microclots or something. Who knows? It's worth a try, and there are likely other benefits even if it doesn't solve the big problem. But if I can get some clue as to what the mechanisms are, it may help me choose a way forward, which is why I'm here now.
HBOT worked well for me. they say the increase of vessel formation in the brain is at its peak at session 18-20, nattokinase also helps microclotting for a lot of people.
Good question. Yes, chronic inflammation can narrow vessels. Regarding the lactate, I haven't run the lactate test in the ME/CFS group yet - that is coming next. The group where I reported the lactate a few weeks ago was Gulf War Illness. I don't know if we will see the same thing in ME/CFS. If we do see lactate in ME/CFS despite good perfusion, that would indicate significant neuroinflammation separate from vascular issues. - Jarred Younger
Tu for all.. healing thoughts + prayers.. covid us the gift that keeps on giving (3yrars here, no clinic).. interested in mast cell , mcas, histamine intolerance in hypoxia, recently developed+ now have lung mucous back w esophageal issues, food sensitivities.. am celiac, sibo, gut dysbiosis.. tu
Best wishes for success. It's worth mentioning that there are different HBOT protocols - so when ppl say 'HBOT worked/didn't work' I always wonder what protocol was used. For details on the HBOT protocol used by Aviv Clinics, there's an article in Popular Science from 2020 'Inhaling pure oxygen could keep your brain younger for longer'
I'll have to read Cort's report and the original paper. I think this will be about the lack of habituation that is seen in the brains of individuals with ME/CFS. We see the same thing in fibromyalgia, called "habituation deficit". A critical task of the brain is ignoring things that are not important. If someone's brain does not do that, they are overwhelmed by sensations and perceptions that interfere with tasks. - Jarred Younger
Місяць тому+2
Dr Younger would it be possible to do the same test with people standing vertically? I am sure it will show reduced oxygen because the blood is pooling towards gravity as often also seen in other forms of autonomic small fiber neuropathy.
Thanks a lot for your activities around this! One question came up for me: There are a few upright MRT here in Germany and they are used (among other) for people with an instability in the neck-head system. Wouldn’t it be possible to use those (guess you have them too 😅) for this indication? 🖖
Thank you so much for your groundbreaking work! I’d really urge you to find a way to test severe patients if possible. I’m stuck in the house and need stretcher transport for appts. I also have to use Ativan to shield from PEM. It’s a huge ordeal, but it’s possible to get out.
I was diagnosed with Fibromyalgia ,CFS, POTS,etc in 2003. I have had two abnormal EEGs and I will be going to the Cleveland Clinic at the beginning of October in the Neurology department. I have an order for an MRI with contrast and plan to spend 3-5 days in the hospital. What should I ask the Drs to look at? I also have a type of tilt table test in February (9 month wait since it's a special kind).Again, anything else I can ask ? As a patient, I really appreciate the work you are doing and please, get better and keep it up😊
Through my exploration, I've found that copper dysregulation might play a significant role in the metabolic disturbances you've identified. Copper is crucial for mitochondrial function, particularly as a cofactor for cytochrome c oxidase in the electron transport chain. Dysregulation-either in excess or deficiency- can impair mitochondrial efficiency, potentially leading to a greater reliance on glycolysis and the subsequent production of lactate. This could help explain the elevated lactate levels you've observed. Copper dysregulation may also be linked to fibromyalgia, given its potential role in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are central to the pathophysiology of chronic pain conditions. The autonomic nervous system may be particularly affected, with copper imbalance potentially contributing to autonomic dysfunction, which has been observed in patients with fibromyalgia and similar conditions. I have noted that it could also lead to arrhythmias and other cardiac issues, which may increase the need for interventions like pacemaker implantation. Additionally, copper plays a role in cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. Dysregulation here might lead to hypoxia, exacerbating psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression, which are commonly observed in patients with chronic pain and fatigue syndromes. Copper dysregulation may also impair ATP production in the mitochondria, leading to increased oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction. This ties in with your findings on elevated lactate levels and reduced choline. Beyond biochemical interventions like chelation therapy, I've come across discussions emphasizing the potential benefits of non-invasive approaches, such as diet, exercise, mindfulness, and interestingly; addressing/acknowledging past traumas. These strategies may help the body's natural healing mechanisms to restore balance and function over time. I want to emphasize that my understanding of these conditions is limited. My insights have largely been shaped by AI-facilitated research, specifically exploring connections between conditions like Wilson's disease, Alzheimer's, cardiac issues, and overall dysregulation of the mind. Despite my lack of deep medical expertise, I hope these correlations might offer some value or spark new ideas in your ongoing research. Thank you for your incredible dedication to this challenging and vital area of research. I look forward to your continued progress and hope that these insights might contribute, even in a small way, to your groundbreaking work.
It's such an interesting (but also tricky) nutrient, if I leave it out of my supplement regime the base of my neck hurts and all sorts of things go wrong, if I take even a little bit too much I get nausea and start to sweat. The combo of needing it for energy, connective tissues, and blood vessels should put it on the ME (and EDS, long covid, you name it) research list.
Maybe not directly relevant to the topic, but do you see any overlap with obstructive sleep apnea? My sleep specialist is at a neurological services center. There was a big push years ago to get veterans CPAP devices (wide necks, wide tongues to block airways).
I wish it was easier to get a proper sleep test. I think everyone with unrelenting fatigue and associated symptoms should have one. The vast majority of those with debilitating sleep apnea are not diagnosed. Here is a video I did a while ago about it: ua-cam.com/video/GRquu4_Zzsk/v-deo.htmlsi=6PS5ajtbuVI4ASQW - Jarred Younger
Where can I find a doctor like you in los Angeles? I've suffered from me\cfs for many years, but can't get a diagnosis, even though I have all the exact symptoms of not getting enough oxygen to the brain.
@@FionaEm Scientists cannot have a doctorate of philosophy? PhD ? Huh?🤔 Oh , reread the oc and understand you were clarifying that Dr. Younger is not a medical professional. Sorry. Good point!
I’m curious if you excluded patients that were taking medications/supplements that could increase cerebral perfusion and whether you also performed an MRS on the ME/CFS patients. If so, how did their lactate, choline, and glutamate levels look? Thank you for all of the work you’re doing!
Looking forward to seeing the results for the piece by piece analysis to see if MECFS patients have a common area that’s problematic. Eg part of the hypothalamus. Also, would it be helpful to cross reference this with Doppler ultrasound readings when these patients are standing?
After seeing the last couple videos regarding low brain oxygen, I happened upon information about a wearable in-ear device by Lumia Health (formerly STAT health) that's meant to track brain oxygen for people with chronic fatigue/related conditions. Does anyone have any experience with this device or thoughts on it's efficacy? They're currently sold out and accepting pre orders for next year and I'm considering if it would be worth the investment.
Oh you remember that one from a long time ago. I have a ton of fractalkine data ready for me to analyze. I am trying to block off a bit of time to do that. I should have published all that already. I will get to it and report on it. - Jarred Younger
Me too. I haven't run any microbiome studies myself, but there have been several microbiome ME/CFS papers released in last few months. I may pick a good one and present it on the channel. Thanks -- Jarred Younger
Thank you for looking into all this. Can you recommend what kind of tests we can ask for at our Drs, aside from a sleep study. You mentioned in Another video about going back to them to get more things looked into but what else is there we can ask for? Either to do with oxygen or anything else too incase its not that. Would appreciate your recommendations, all they do so far is standard blood count etc and that it
Dr. Younger, Have you heard of any cerebral oxygen level testing with… Monitoring cerebral oximetry with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or similar devices to get a clearer picture? Thanks for all that you do!!
Yep that is valid way to assess brain oxygen. The only problem with NIRS is that it can only reach the outer three centimeters of brain tissue. So, it can't reach deep brain structures. But the outer brain surface is good enough to determine how well the brain is receiving oxygen overall. - Jarred Younger
@@sfn-lifeAcumen lab in the UK used to test for that and I had a few blood tests from them, one of which showed blockages on the cell structures that move phosphate (? brain fog atm) into the mitochondria by 90%. Sadly Acumen was a victim of Covid so I don’t know where else you can get these tests today.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is definitely a big part of it, but there are many possible reasons for it. Oxidative stress causing mitochondria damage, neurinflammation causing the brain to go into sick mode, immune system dysregulation, vascular dysfunction so the oxygen isn’t getting into the tissue, etc.
@@marcelguldemond2523 absolutely 100% agree....the body is a 'system' not a part....I wish more doctors and researchers viewed it that way.....I want my mitochondria to be tested. I feel very certain I have a mitochondrial dysfunction disorder or other like fatty acid oxidation disorder possibly....oddly...I have been deficient in Serine in the past....nobody will even order a follow up test......it is ridiculous....I definitely have vascular issues -- chronic venous insufficiency....small fiber neuropathy (controls the dilation and constriction of vessels).....autonomic dysfunction/dysautonomia....anyway - thank you for your thought too.
@@marcelguldemond2523 we can all agree that it's a multi faceted issue and the underlying cause can vary. At least from the evidence presented by the Dr. we know for most it's not a blood flow issue.
@@sleeverobot CFS is a research diagnosis for unexplained fatigue. By definition, it is always a misdiagnosis. Someone is ill, but what it is hasn't been established yet; the doctors have failed them so far.
Very interesting. I have a Nerologist appointment soon and ran into this. Can't understand why CTE among other things can't be diagnosed according to google.
What tests are available in a clinic to determine what is going on in the brain? I've had a transcranial doppler showing low flow at both internal Carotid arteries at the terminus, and especially on right side at P1 PCA. Brain normal mri apparently unremarkable but many providers don't know what they're doing....know anyone that gives 2nd opinions? Neuroradiologist for 2nd opinion? I had a Tia in 2017...I also have sfn and pots. Could be autonomic. My atlas bone has not been aligned for some time. Neuroquant mri volumetric scan shows brain atrophy based on age and gender...shows me at 9th normative percentile and frontal parenchyma at 2nd normative percentile. I feel strongly that lack of o2 is causing advanced atrophy. I just don't even know what to ask for....thanks for your videos. Cab arterial spin labeling be done w a normal mri scanner?
Yes, ASL is a fairly conventional scan that uses MRI and no contrast. I think many clinics/hospitals can do it. Another scan to consider is the PET-based or SPECT-based perfusion, and PET-based metabolic (glucose) scan using F18-FDG. The best starting place however (as you mentioned briefly) may be testing the autonomic angle if you haven't already seen an autonomic expert. They will probably also do transcranial ultrasound, but with several other tests. - Jarred Younger
@@youngerlab Thank you for responding. I appreciate you and your work. If there is ever a way to be involved in your clinical trials -- I am here willing to participate. I just want so desperately to improve my health. My child has only ever known me as a sick human.
Your humanity is what defines you, not your illness, my compatriot.😊 Some of the noblest folks I know are very ill. My friend idolizes his mom despite her being disabled his whole life. A wealth of love lasts a lifetime.
After seeing the wide variability in O2 levels, my quality assurance background begs the question on the repeatability of this test. If you tested folks multiple times would they reproduce their results or? After doing many "R+R" studies of multiple measurement systems I always look at test results skeptically.
Yes, my interpretation is that the ME/CFS case criteria are capturing several distinct problems. I think there are important subgroups in here that can be defined with blood tests, brain scans, PEM tests, etc. - Jarred Younger
@@youngerlab These criteria are common manifestations of being unwell. There are no significant subgroups. Only about 1% of people satisfying the IOM criteria has ME.
I noticed on my Whoop wristband that my Oxygen Saturation Only when i sleep drops.. do you think my long COVID symptoms are affected by that? I don't snore or noticed sleep apnea symptoms.
In case you don't saw this presentation from Professor Alain Moreau, I thing you will like it. ua-cam.com/video/dWeKObi1o1o/v-deo.html Thank you so much Dr. Younger, for all work you and your team are doing!
@@allinaday9882 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome ME part of ME/CFS, now personally I don't really know what ME part means.... So here goes on that too... Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), often referred to as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) or ME/CFS, is a complex, chronic, and debilitating disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by rest and is often worsened by physical or mental activity. The exact cause of ME/CFS is not fully understood, and it affects multiple systems in the body, including the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems. Key Symptoms: Severe, Persistent Fatigue: The hallmark symptom of ME/CFS is a profound, persistent fatigue that lasts for at least six months and is not relieved by rest. This fatigue significantly impairs daily activities. Post-Exertional Malaise (PEM): A significant worsening of symptoms after physical, mental, or emotional exertion. Even minimal exertion can trigger a relapse that may last days, weeks, or longer. Unrefreshing Sleep: Despite sleeping for extended periods, individuals with ME/CFS often wake up feeling unrefreshed and experience disturbed sleep patterns, including insomnia or hypersomnia. Cognitive Impairment: Often referred to as "brain fog," this includes difficulties with concentration, memory, and thinking. Patients may find it hard to process information or multitask. Pain: Many patients experience widespread muscle pain, joint pain, headaches, or sore throats that are not due to another condition. Orthostatic Intolerance: Symptoms may worsen upon standing or sitting upright due to issues with blood pressure regulation. This can lead to dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting. Other Symptoms: Patients may experience sensitivities to light, sound, or temperature, digestive issues, and various neurological symptoms. Causes and Risk Factors: The exact cause of ME/CFS is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, infectious, and psychological factors. Some patients report that their symptoms began after an infection (such as a viral illness), physical trauma, or significant stress, suggesting that these could be potential triggers. Diagnosis: Diagnosing ME/CFS can be challenging because its symptoms overlap with many other conditions, and there are no definitive diagnostic tests. Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical criteria, including a thorough medical history, ruling out other possible causes of symptoms, and meeting specific criteria such as the 2015 Institute of Medicine criteria. Treatment and Management: There is no cure for ME/CFS, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Pacing: A key management strategy involves balancing activity and rest to avoid triggering post-exertional malaise. Medications: May be prescribed to manage symptoms such as pain, sleep disturbances, or mood disorders. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Graded Exercise Therapy (GET): These have been controversial in the ME/CFS community. Some patients report improvement, while others have found them harmful. Lifestyle Adjustments: Stress management, dietary changes, and support from healthcare professionals familiar with ME/CFS are also important. Prognosis: The course of ME/CFS varies. Some people improve over time, while others may experience a chronic, debilitating condition. The severity can fluctuate, and relapses are common. So basically it's Chronic Fatigue given a silly name.
@@jonathanberry1111 Referring to ME as CFS is incorrect. A disease 'ME/CFS' doesn't exist, and what goes for 'ME/CFS' doesn't have a 'ME part'. Fatigue is not a characteristic of ME, a brain disorder caused by enteroviruses.
@@guidodenbroeder935 So someone who experiences fatigue does not have ME? First time I have read that anywhere, that's really interesting. So what are the symptoms of ME if they don't include fatigue? Where can I read more on this?
“You can probably hear that I am sick … again.” Out of respect & love for you Dr. Younger, please wear a KN95/N95 😷 indoors and among crowds outdoors. As you may already know, C🦠vid hangs in the air on CO2 like smoke. Also, clean the air in your classrooms, in your room in this video, and your rooms at home. It will reduce the viral load. Build cheap Corsi-Rosenthal boxes or buy Dyson Air Purifiers. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box?wprov=sfti1#Background_and_history You give us so much. This is my small way of giving back, sir. Thank you. 🫡 🙂
I was thinking that too! I was recovering from CFS until a bunch of covid reinfections set me back a long way. Slowly coming back, but I would hate for Dr Younger to get stopped by long covid.
@@nickdriver8337 WHO (information later removed from their website). ME patients experience adverse side effects, while their immune system is already producing interferon gamma.
Looking forward to seeing the results for the piece by piece analysis to see if MECFS patients have a common area that’s problematic. Eg part of the hypothalamus. Also, would it be helpful to cross reference this with Doppler ultrasound readings when these patients are standing?
Dr. Younger you have to be one of the nicest people on this planet. Thank you for the wonderful work you do.
Thanks! - Jarred Younger
@@youngerlab I agree!
Now slightly off subject because you Jarred will find this interesting. I see there’s recent findings in Alzheimers research that by chance used IDO1 inhibitors to get ‘astrocytes’ glucose metabolism working again.
As you’ll remember that Ron Davis and his co researcher Ron suspected the gene for IDO1 was defective in ME/CFS. But didn’t have funding to test medications on it.
Article published by: ‘PenState’
Article name: >>> Cancer drug could treat early-stage Alzheimer’s disease, study shows >
“researchers demonstrated that stopping IDO1 helps restore healthy glucose metabolism in astrocytes, the star-shaped brain cells that provide metabolic support to neurons”
Thank you
What a gem of a channel! Thank you for sharing your preliminary findings with us. Do get well soon!
I hope you feel better quickly, Dr. Younger! Thank you so much for sharing this. I am so deeply thankful for your work in general.
thanks! I'm guessing I'll be in good shape in a couple more days! - Jarred Younger
Thank you for posting when you are feeling a bit crappy.
Hope you feel better soon ❤
Thank you so much for taking the time to share your findings. Take care and feel better soon.
Hi Dr Younger,
Thank you so much for taking the trouble and time to post this video despite your being sick. Wishing you a speedy recovery. Also, would it be possible for you to share APPROXIMATELY how soon you'll be able to share the results of your work investigating peripheral immune cell infiltration of the brain? I became very excited when you talked about that ~6 months ago and can't wait to learn the outcome!🙂
We decided to run a few healthy male controls because our first four healthy controls were all females. That put us back a bit. I am talking with the ME/CFS individuals right now to get them scheduled for the scan. - Jarred Younger
Thanks Jarred, hope you feel better soon!
Good luck with you research. Thanks for trying to find answers for so many folks that suffer, especially our vets with GWS🙏. Hope you are feeling better by now. Best regards.
Thanks for this update. What you say about reclining oxygen perfusion makes good sense. Certainly it will be interesting to hear the broken-out pieces of the study once those ripen. Keep up the good work. You appear to have a good-sized following already, and that interest plus the inherent value of the work means you have no lack of reasons to keep sharing your thoughts and citations.
I am sorry to hear you have been sick. May it pass very soon.
Thanks! I'm appreciative of everyone who is willing to watch the videos, especially with all the polished, entertaining, and effective science communicators on UA-cam. I'm glad there is some interest in hearing news directly from one of the labs! - Jarred Younger
I hope you feel better soon 🙏🏻
I appreciate you sharing this news with us early so much. Thanks for all the good work!!
What about PEM? How does that influence the design of your studies? I wonder what would all the scans look like it the patients would have induced PEM.
Seems like it might be possible to test what happens if participants are given a cognitive task during the scan.
Great question. Yes I would hypothesize that a PEM exacerbation would show decreased oxygen in the brain. I know some clinicians can detect hypoxia after eliciting PEM in individuals with ME/CFS. There is a 5 minutes task that can be used close to the scanner. I am looing into that to see if I should add it to future neuroimaging projects. - Jarred Younger
If PEM is a major unique defined of the illness, it seems like a major oversight to have not tested from this state.😢 Could PEM explain lower values in this study? Parameters are crucial to not wasting opportunities. Did you define level of CFS with measurable data at all? Were there instructions to avoid or inflict known flare behaviors? Were patients even asked if they felt they were having a good day or bad when tested? Since state shifts so quickly, I think tracking state at time of testing is crucial. Moderate patients can be tested on bad days.
Dr. Younger. I am a severe ME long covid patient. MECFS from covid. I have a suggestion I am 99% sure will show some interesting findings, regardless the scan. At least in the severe patients PEM manifests after mental exertion too. Or you could say after any physical stressor. It's the reason severe patients wear earplugs and eye masks and can crash even after someone else washes their hair or even talks to them. Even in milder patients, if you implemented a stressor like loud noise, music, bright lights, a cognitive task or viewing, a patient talking, you would likely "see" the functional problem. Orthostatic intolerance is not the same as this. It's not even present in all CFS patients and it doesn't account for why patients experience PEM even when exerting lying down. Something wrong is happening in the MECFS/ ME type long covid during any type of exertion or stressor. Alternatively and more easily you could scan patients before and after physical or mental exertion causing PEM. I bet my house you will discover things this way. Unless the patient is misdiagnosed, which in mild patients may be the case.
These people have no interest in finding the truth. They get paid to keep searching, not fixing
7:14 Very interesting! The range for MECFS is much greater than the other groups - I wonder whether mild v moderate symptom patients would show different means? (I’m wondering if averaging is hiding something)
Good point! I will do analyses by severity level, fatigue severity (0 - 100 scale), post-exertional malaise, fibromyalgia pain, and other factors. Like you are saying, it is always best to find what separates the cases with normal values from those with abnormal values. - Jarred Younger
my remission is lasting! the functional thing you talk about really resonates with my experience. once my body reached an equilibrium the systems started to work with each other and my symptoms disappeared.
What did you do to reach remission? Congrats
Great! Yes I am following the "metabolic trap" work that suggests individuals with ME/CFS are stuck with abnormal systems reinforcing each other. So it takes correct multiple issues in order to get out of it. I am very glad you found things that are working! - Jarred Younger
Just to be clear, on the opening characterization of the state of the participants, I was in a severe ME state when I dragged myself (with much spousal assistance - it would have been impossible on my own) to the appointment that confirmed my initial ME (CFS remained the term at the time) diagnosis. Getting to an appointment now or then does not demonstrate a patient is not house-bound (in my case, I was certainly bedridden and stuck at home for a long period of time). What matters is the general condition of the person. Making an assisted effort to get to a healthcare facility or to an office does not in itself constitute evidence that a person is in any shape to repeat the effort at will, or that the person is not struggling to do anything at all or is not sleeping (albeit poorly) essentially all the time (and beset by other symptoms). That part we find out by asking the patient and the caregiver for an account of the overall run of life for that person. Being at an office or lab is by definition exceptional for people who do not work there, though it would be an indication of a less-severe instance of ME if the person were able to show up for daily or even weekly check-ins and/or to do some of that without help.
That said, I'll get back to the video now.
Yes thanks that is very true. I know many of our participants make extraordinary efforts to make it to the scanner, and at great cost for several days afterward. I think a housebound definition is more of being generally confined to the house rather than being in the house 100% of the time. - Jarred Younger
Thank you. I am also watching how the sun flares are affecting my energy. Been rough. Take care.
Interesting. I don't think the weather almanacs track solar flares. We would have to pull those data from one of the space weather sources. - Jarred Younger
Wow that is interesting!
I do seem to get extra tired with the big flares...but I hate to admit that to myself because there is nothing I can do about it except rest more.
@@gforgeorge7 can you track it somehow? That would be a really interesting scientific study, but for your own symptoms, it might help you understand how to manage your fatigue etc.
Heightened sensitivity to EMF has been discussed for years in CFS circles. Should be easy to search. There are EMF blocking hats and clothes, but expensive. I got a 70$ beanie from a loving advocate that has the word “Lambs” on it. Very comfy. Putting electronics at least six feet away, and unplugging everything at night has been advised. My room is insulated with foil sheet type of insulation, so, there are just a few things that I know CAN be done if you think EMF is a factor for you.
Thank You for what you do!!!!!
How do you plan to account for Orthostatic impacts?
Does the inflammation restrict the blood flow and oxygenation? I'm struggling to understand how lactate builds up if there is adequate blood flow.
My personal situation is that I require a lot of magnesium, nebulizing it as a chloride before bed, or else I wake up in the morning feeling as tired as when I went to sleep, with very poor concentration. I feel my vision clear as the magnesium takes effect (not so much vision, but awareness, i.e. brain fog lifts temporarily). I understand that this is due to capillaries opening up. That was before Covid. Now post-Covid things are even worse for concentration. I'm trying hyperbaric oxygen therapy in case the tiny capillaries got blocked by microclots or something. Who knows? It's worth a try, and there are likely other benefits even if it doesn't solve the big problem. But if I can get some clue as to what the mechanisms are, it may help me choose a way forward, which is why I'm here now.
HBOT worked well for me. they say the increase of vessel formation in the brain is at its peak at session 18-20, nattokinase also helps microclotting for a lot of people.
Good question. Yes, chronic inflammation can narrow vessels. Regarding the lactate, I haven't run the lactate test in the ME/CFS group yet - that is coming next. The group where I reported the lactate a few weeks ago was Gulf War Illness. I don't know if we will see the same thing in ME/CFS. If we do see lactate in ME/CFS despite good perfusion, that would indicate significant neuroinflammation separate from vascular issues. - Jarred Younger
Tu for all.. healing thoughts + prayers.. covid us the gift that keeps on giving (3yrars here, no clinic).. interested in mast cell , mcas, histamine intolerance in hypoxia, recently developed+ now have lung mucous back w esophageal issues, food sensitivities.. am celiac, sibo, gut dysbiosis.. tu
Best wishes for success. It's worth mentioning that there are different HBOT protocols - so when ppl say 'HBOT worked/didn't work' I always wonder what protocol was used. For details on the HBOT protocol used by Aviv Clinics, there's an article in Popular Science from 2020 'Inhaling pure oxygen could keep your brain younger for longer'
@@youngerlab Thanks
Any thoughts on the recent mri study of changes after cognitive exertion? Health rising posted about it a few days ago. Thanks.
I'll have to read Cort's report and the original paper. I think this will be about the lack of habituation that is seen in the brains of individuals with ME/CFS. We see the same thing in fibromyalgia, called "habituation deficit". A critical task of the brain is ignoring things that are not important. If someone's brain does not do that, they are overwhelmed by sensations and perceptions that interfere with tasks. - Jarred Younger
Dr Younger would it be possible to do the same test with people standing vertically? I am sure it will show reduced oxygen because the blood is pooling towards gravity as often also seen in other forms of autonomic small fiber neuropathy.
Thanks a lot for your activities around this!
One question came up for me:
There are a few upright MRT here in Germany and they are used (among other) for people with an instability in the neck-head system. Wouldn’t it be possible to use those (guess you have them too 😅) for this indication?
🖖
I wish I could find a doctor like you.
Thank you - great work!!!!
Grazie
Thank you so much for your groundbreaking work! I’d really urge you to find a way to test severe patients if possible. I’m stuck in the house and need stretcher transport for appts. I also have to use Ativan to shield from PEM. It’s a huge ordeal, but it’s possible to get out.
Don't you have access to an upright MRI?
Not a research grade one. He mentions this in another video.
@@fennecfox2366 Okay! Thanks for letting me know. Its unfortunate tho...:(
A few places have standing MRIs, but they have a weak magnet and don't provide great data for research use. - Jarred Younger
@@youngerlab Okay understood, thank you for the reply! :)
I was diagnosed with Fibromyalgia ,CFS, POTS,etc in 2003. I have had two abnormal EEGs and I will be going to the Cleveland Clinic at the beginning of October in the Neurology department. I have an order for an MRI with contrast and plan to spend 3-5 days in the hospital.
What should I ask the Drs to look at? I also have a type of tilt table test in February (9 month wait since it's a special kind).Again, anything else I can ask ?
As a patient, I really appreciate the work you are doing and please, get better and keep it up😊
I start Hyperbaric therapy tomorrow
How about using an upright MRI then and feel better soon!
Through my exploration, I've found that copper dysregulation might play a significant role in the metabolic disturbances you've identified. Copper is crucial for mitochondrial function, particularly as a cofactor for cytochrome c oxidase in the electron transport chain. Dysregulation-either in excess or deficiency- can impair mitochondrial efficiency, potentially leading to a greater reliance on glycolysis and the subsequent production of lactate. This could help explain the elevated lactate levels you've observed.
Copper dysregulation may also be linked to fibromyalgia, given its potential role in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are central to the pathophysiology of chronic pain conditions. The autonomic nervous system may be particularly affected, with copper imbalance potentially contributing to autonomic dysfunction, which has been observed in patients with fibromyalgia and similar conditions.
I have noted that it could also lead to arrhythmias and other cardiac issues, which may increase the need for interventions like pacemaker implantation. Additionally, copper plays a role in cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. Dysregulation here might lead to hypoxia, exacerbating psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression, which are commonly observed in patients with chronic pain and fatigue syndromes.
Copper dysregulation may also impair ATP production in the mitochondria, leading to increased oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction. This ties in with your findings on elevated lactate levels and reduced choline. Beyond biochemical interventions like chelation therapy, I've come across discussions emphasizing the potential benefits of non-invasive approaches, such as diet, exercise, mindfulness, and interestingly; addressing/acknowledging past traumas. These strategies may help the body's natural healing mechanisms to restore balance and function over time.
I want to emphasize that my understanding of these conditions is limited. My insights have largely been shaped by AI-facilitated research, specifically exploring connections between conditions like Wilson's disease, Alzheimer's, cardiac issues, and overall dysregulation of the mind. Despite my lack of deep medical expertise, I hope these correlations might offer some value or spark new ideas in your ongoing research.
Thank you for your incredible dedication to this challenging and vital area of research. I look forward to your continued progress and hope that these insights might contribute, even in a small way, to your groundbreaking work.
Copper poisoning, rather, can cause similar metabolic problems as ME.
It's such an interesting (but also tricky) nutrient, if I leave it out of my supplement regime the base of my neck hurts and all sorts of things go wrong, if I take even a little bit too much I get nausea and start to sweat. The combo of needing it for energy, connective tissues, and blood vessels should put it on the ME (and EDS, long covid, you name it) research list.
Very good analysis of the numbers, thank you.
Maybe not directly relevant to the topic, but do you see any overlap with obstructive sleep apnea? My sleep specialist is at a neurological services center. There was a big push years ago to get veterans CPAP devices (wide necks, wide tongues to block airways).
I wish it was easier to get a proper sleep test. I think everyone with unrelenting fatigue and associated symptoms should have one. The vast majority of those with debilitating sleep apnea are not diagnosed. Here is a video I did a while ago about it: ua-cam.com/video/GRquu4_Zzsk/v-deo.htmlsi=6PS5ajtbuVI4ASQW - Jarred Younger
What's going on everyone?? It's ya boi Jarred back again with another video. Don't forget to like, subscribe and hit the bell icon!!!
Where can I find a doctor like you in los Angeles? I've suffered from me\cfs for many years, but can't get a diagnosis, even though I have all the exact symptoms of not getting enough oxygen to the brain.
Did you listen to to him? He found that ME-CFS does NOT correlate with low brain oxygen in patients taking this test lying down.❓❔
He's not a doctor. He's a scientist.
@@FionaEm Scientists cannot have a doctorate of philosophy? PhD ? Huh?🤔
Oh , reread the oc and understand you were clarifying that Dr. Younger is not a medical professional. Sorry.
Good point!
I’m curious if you excluded patients that were taking medications/supplements that could increase cerebral perfusion and whether you also performed an MRS on the ME/CFS patients. If so, how did their lactate, choline, and glutamate levels look? Thank you for all of the work you’re doing!
They definitely got the MRS as well. I'm looking at those scans now and will be presenting on those findings soon! - Jarred Younger
You are the very best!
Looking forward to seeing the results for the piece by piece analysis to see if MECFS patients have a common area that’s problematic. Eg part of the hypothalamus. Also, would it be helpful to cross reference this with Doppler ultrasound readings when these patients are standing?
After seeing the last couple videos regarding low brain oxygen, I happened upon information about a wearable in-ear device by Lumia Health (formerly STAT health) that's meant to track brain oxygen for people with chronic fatigue/related conditions. Does anyone have any experience with this device or thoughts on it's efficacy? They're currently sold out and accepting pre orders for next year and I'm considering if it would be worth the investment.
Hey, any news on fractalkine and using it for turning off microglia?
Oh you remember that one from a long time ago. I have a ton of fractalkine data ready for me to analyze. I am trying to block off a bit of time to do that. I should have published all that already. I will get to it and report on it. - Jarred Younger
@@youngerlab It wasn't too long ago, you published the video about it 4 months ago. I'll try to find some of the research. Thanks!
Interested in microbiome root cause
Me too. I haven't run any microbiome studies myself, but there have been several microbiome ME/CFS papers released in last few months. I may pick a good one and present it on the channel. Thanks -- Jarred Younger
Did you look at lactate or choline levels in this group? Thanks for sharing.
Working on it now! That takes longer because I look at all the brain structures rather than a single overall brain value. - Jarred Younger
Can you use upright MRI?
Wondering the same.
Thank you for looking into all this. Can you recommend what kind of tests we can ask for at our Drs, aside from a sleep study. You mentioned in Another video about going back to them to get more things looked into but what else is there we can ask for? Either to do with oxygen or anything else too incase its not that. Would appreciate your recommendations, all they do so far is standard blood count etc and that it
I’ll be interested to hear what those four MECFS patients with low oxygen are found to have as the cause of that.
Infection
Dr. Younger,
Have you heard of any cerebral oxygen level testing with…
Monitoring cerebral oximetry with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or similar devices to get a clearer picture?
Thanks for all that you do!!
Yep that is valid way to assess brain oxygen. The only problem with NIRS is that it can only reach the outer three centimeters of brain tissue. So, it can't reach deep brain structures. But the outer brain surface is good enough to determine how well the brain is receiving oxygen overall. - Jarred Younger
mitochondrial dysfunction unable to utilize the oxygen would be my hypothesis.
How would you test for that?
@@sfn-lifeAcumen lab in the UK used to test for that and I had a few blood tests from them, one of which showed blockages on the cell structures that move phosphate (? brain fog atm) into the mitochondria by 90%. Sadly Acumen was a victim of Covid so I don’t know where else you can get these tests today.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is definitely a big part of it, but there are many possible reasons for it. Oxidative stress causing mitochondria damage, neurinflammation causing the brain to go into sick mode, immune system dysregulation, vascular dysfunction so the oxygen isn’t getting into the tissue, etc.
@@marcelguldemond2523 absolutely 100% agree....the body is a 'system' not a part....I wish more doctors and researchers viewed it that way.....I want my mitochondria to be tested. I feel very certain I have a mitochondrial dysfunction disorder or other like fatty acid oxidation disorder possibly....oddly...I have been deficient in Serine in the past....nobody will even order a follow up test......it is ridiculous....I definitely have vascular issues -- chronic venous insufficiency....small fiber neuropathy (controls the dilation and constriction of vessels).....autonomic dysfunction/dysautonomia....anyway - thank you for your thought too.
@@marcelguldemond2523 we can all agree that it's a multi faceted issue and the underlying cause can vary. At least from the evidence presented by the Dr. we know for most it's not a blood flow issue.
Have you done any research on Methylene Blue for ME, CFS?
Hbot help? Soft chamber 1.3 ata
Have you seen the recent "Absence of BOLD adaptation in chronic fatigue syndrome" study that found some brain oxygen abnormalities?
CFS is not a disease. You will always find some of anything.
@@guidodenbroeder935 could you explain what you mean by CFS isn't a disease?
@@sleeverobot CFS is a research diagnosis for unexplained fatigue. By definition, it is always a misdiagnosis. Someone is ill, but what it is hasn't been established yet; the doctors have failed them so far.
We need help with this i hope soon something that helps us thanks
Very interesting. I have a Nerologist appointment soon and ran into this. Can't understand why CTE among other things can't be diagnosed according to google.
Tried hyperbaric treatment …….no difference
Do iv ozone
How many sessions how long & what depth did you go to?!
I’ve always said it feels like my brain is getting not enough of something
What tests are available in a clinic to determine what is going on in the brain? I've had a transcranial doppler showing low flow at both internal Carotid arteries at the terminus, and especially on right side at P1 PCA. Brain normal mri apparently unremarkable but many providers don't know what they're doing....know anyone that gives 2nd opinions? Neuroradiologist for 2nd opinion? I had a Tia in 2017...I also have sfn and pots. Could be autonomic. My atlas bone has not been aligned for some time. Neuroquant mri volumetric scan shows brain atrophy based on age and gender...shows me at 9th normative percentile and frontal parenchyma at 2nd normative percentile. I feel strongly that lack of o2 is causing advanced atrophy. I just don't even know what to ask for....thanks for your videos. Cab arterial spin labeling be done w a normal mri scanner?
Yes, ASL is a fairly conventional scan that uses MRI and no contrast. I think many clinics/hospitals can do it. Another scan to consider is the PET-based or SPECT-based perfusion, and PET-based metabolic (glucose) scan using F18-FDG. The best starting place however (as you mentioned briefly) may be testing the autonomic angle if you haven't already seen an autonomic expert. They will probably also do transcranial ultrasound, but with several other tests. - Jarred Younger
@@youngerlab Thank you for responding. I appreciate you and your work. If there is ever a way to be involved in your clinical trials -- I am here willing to participate. I just want so desperately to improve my health. My child has only ever known me as a sick human.
Your humanity is what defines you, not your illness, my compatriot.😊 Some of the noblest folks I know are very ill. My friend idolizes his mom despite her being disabled his whole life. A wealth of love lasts a lifetime.
@@sacredrain7757 This is very true. I wish I had more support in my life....I feel very alone on this journey.
After seeing the wide variability in O2 levels, my quality assurance background begs the question on the repeatability of this test. If you tested folks multiple times would they reproduce their results or? After doing many "R+R" studies of multiple measurement systems I always look at test results skeptically.
Could doing buteyko breathing increase oxygen uptake in the brain by increaseing CO2 levels Bhor effect
yes and mouth taping
Thanks.
Spect/Diamox?
Having such a huge range for the ME group compared to the others seems like an interesting finding.
It rather shows that this is not a ME group.
Yes, my interpretation is that the ME/CFS case criteria are capturing several distinct problems. I think there are important subgroups in here that can be defined with blood tests, brain scans, PEM tests, etc. - Jarred Younger
@@youngerlab These criteria are common manifestations of being unwell. There are no significant subgroups. Only about 1% of people satisfying the IOM criteria has ME.
Hopefully Lumia can make orthostatic testing more accessible. Which there was an easier way to measure brain oxygen levels. So interesting!
Don't get sick too often mate, it's probably covid and you could get long covid as you probably know.
I noticed on my Whoop wristband that my Oxygen Saturation Only when i sleep drops.. do you think my long COVID symptoms are affected by that? I don't snore or noticed sleep apnea symptoms.
Perfusion can be measured with NIRS.
That seems to be more useful in problems directly below the skull, not the mid brain area since infrared can't reach it 😕
@@themupsmuppet The neck, usually. You measure the blood flow to the brain.
Call it a functional issue made me almost smash my phone.
What would follow up tests for low oxygen be?
Upright MRI could pick up a big difference between lying down and standing. In fact I'm sure it will show a massive difference
💕🙏
Nattoskias
You'd be even nicer if we could communicate with you in normal way!
In case you don't saw this presentation from Professor Alain Moreau, I thing you will like it.
ua-cam.com/video/dWeKObi1o1o/v-deo.html
Thank you so much Dr. Younger, for all work you and your team are doing!
No, but ME does.
does what?
@@allinaday9882 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome ME part of ME/CFS, now personally I don't really know what ME part means.... So here goes on that too... Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), often referred to as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) or ME/CFS, is a complex, chronic, and debilitating disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by rest and is often worsened by physical or mental activity. The exact cause of ME/CFS is not fully understood, and it affects multiple systems in the body, including the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems.
Key Symptoms:
Severe, Persistent Fatigue:
The hallmark symptom of ME/CFS is a profound, persistent fatigue that lasts for at least six months and is not relieved by rest. This fatigue significantly impairs daily activities.
Post-Exertional Malaise (PEM):
A significant worsening of symptoms after physical, mental, or emotional exertion. Even minimal exertion can trigger a relapse that may last days, weeks, or longer.
Unrefreshing Sleep:
Despite sleeping for extended periods, individuals with ME/CFS often wake up feeling unrefreshed and experience disturbed sleep patterns, including insomnia or hypersomnia.
Cognitive Impairment:
Often referred to as "brain fog," this includes difficulties with concentration, memory, and thinking. Patients may find it hard to process information or multitask.
Pain:
Many patients experience widespread muscle pain, joint pain, headaches, or sore throats that are not due to another condition.
Orthostatic Intolerance:
Symptoms may worsen upon standing or sitting upright due to issues with blood pressure regulation. This can lead to dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting.
Other Symptoms:
Patients may experience sensitivities to light, sound, or temperature, digestive issues, and various neurological symptoms.
Causes and Risk Factors:
The exact cause of ME/CFS is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, infectious, and psychological factors.
Some patients report that their symptoms began after an infection (such as a viral illness), physical trauma, or significant stress, suggesting that these could be potential triggers.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosing ME/CFS can be challenging because its symptoms overlap with many other conditions, and there are no definitive diagnostic tests. Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical criteria, including a thorough medical history, ruling out other possible causes of symptoms, and meeting specific criteria such as the 2015 Institute of Medicine criteria.
Treatment and Management:
There is no cure for ME/CFS, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life.
Pacing: A key management strategy involves balancing activity and rest to avoid triggering post-exertional malaise.
Medications: May be prescribed to manage symptoms such as pain, sleep disturbances, or mood disorders.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Graded Exercise Therapy (GET): These have been controversial in the ME/CFS community. Some patients report improvement, while others have found them harmful.
Lifestyle Adjustments: Stress management, dietary changes, and support from healthcare professionals familiar with ME/CFS are also important.
Prognosis:
The course of ME/CFS varies. Some people improve over time, while others may experience a chronic, debilitating condition. The severity can fluctuate, and relapses are common. So basically it's Chronic Fatigue given a silly name.
@@allinaday9882 Involve low brain oxygen.
@@jonathanberry1111 Referring to ME as CFS is incorrect. A disease 'ME/CFS' doesn't exist, and what goes for 'ME/CFS' doesn't have a 'ME part'. Fatigue is not a characteristic of ME, a brain disorder caused by enteroviruses.
@@guidodenbroeder935 So someone who experiences fatigue does not have ME? First time I have read that anywhere, that's really interesting. So what are the symptoms of ME if they don't include fatigue? Where can I read more on this?
Sick again, doc? Are you masking in public indoor settings? Please do or your work will be in vain.
Why do you guys not listen to people? Its ochratoxin a from aspergillus
“You can probably hear that I am sick … again.”
Out of respect & love for you Dr. Younger, please wear a KN95/N95 😷 indoors and among crowds outdoors. As you may already know, C🦠vid hangs in the air on CO2 like smoke.
Also, clean the air in your classrooms, in your room in this video, and your rooms at home. It will reduce the viral load. Build cheap Corsi-Rosenthal boxes or buy Dyson Air Purifiers.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box?wprov=sfti1#Background_and_history
You give us so much. This is my small way of giving back, sir. Thank you. 🫡 🙂
Wearing a mask is not recommended for ME patients.
I was thinking that too! I was recovering from CFS until a bunch of covid reinfections set me back a long way. Slowly coming back, but I would hate for Dr Younger to get stopped by long covid.
@@guidodenbroeder935 you got a source on that?
@@nickdriver8337 WHO (information later removed from their website). ME patients experience adverse side effects, while their immune system is already producing interferon gamma.
Looking forward to seeing the results for the piece by piece analysis to see if MECFS patients have a common area that’s problematic. Eg part of the hypothalamus. Also, would it be helpful to cross reference this with Doppler ultrasound readings when these patients are standing?
Thank you.