Physical Properties of Fire • Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. • Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. -When a material vapor density is > 1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas - When a material vapor density is < 1 - lighter than air and will rise and dissipate Rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air. Acetylene- Vapor density 0.9 Anhydrous Ammonia- Vapor density 0.59 Carbon monoxide- Vapor density 0.96 The boiling point- is a constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure. When to sustain combustion?-a certain amount of vapor •flash point- the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are fast enough to support combustion •fire point- the temperature at which fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited. auto-ignition point or self-ignition point - the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapor that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark Endothermic reaction - changes were by energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. exothermic reactions - those that release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants
Keynotes PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE a. Specific Gravity b. Vapor Density c. Vapor Pressure d. Flash Point e. Fire Point f. Boiling Point g. Auto-Ignition Point or Self-Igniting Point Additional Note: Material Vapor Density: * greater than 1 = heavier than air ---> an certain object will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas * less than 1 = lighter than air ---> a certain object will rise and dissipate CHEMIICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE a. Endothermic Reactions - hotter than surroundings b. Exothermic Reactions - cooler than surroundings c. Oxidation - chemical change > combustible material and oxidizing agent react d. Flames - incandescent > glowing with intense heat
Physical Properties of Fire Special gravity- ratio of the weight of solid or liquid substance -weight of an equal volume of water Vapor density- volume of pure gas composed to volume of dry air Material vapor density- >1- heavier than air Material vapor density-
TUTOR, JOSETTE 3C3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE SPECIFIC GRAVITY - The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. * Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water). VAPOR DENSITY -The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. *The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air * Material vapor density >1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas. * Material vapor density
Properties of Fire The Physical Properties •Specific Gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. -flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) •Vapor Density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. *the vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. *material vapor density >1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. *material vapor density
Fire protection and Arson investigation part 2 Properties of fire The physical properties 1. Specific gravity, that ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. 2. Vapor density the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. 3. Boiling point the constant temperature at which the paper pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. What what is the distinction of boiling point and flash s point? 1. When when does sustain combustion? - it will sustain combustion when there is a certain amount of vapor 2. Do you need to have a flash point? -Yes there will be enough vapor sustain burn. 3. The flash s point is the same as the temperature? -No you're still in an external ignition source 4. What is boiling point? -is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is h equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence hence it is the temperature at which the liquid face with begin to transition into gas. 4. Vapor pressure divorce exerted by the molecule and the surface of liquid. • The pressure by August being emitted by a liquid or solid when they are in equilibrium the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation. • when he disappointed vapor pressure increases until ignition temperature is reached. • there is no specific pressure record as long as it reached the required pressure. • pressure the occurs depending on the heat. 5. Temperature the measure of the degree of thermal ignition of molecules. What is flashpoint? - The lowest temperature at which substance gives off paper that burns momentarily - it required the application of spark because it it is the lowest temperature. Fire point -the temperature at which the funeral will continue to burn after it has been ignited. Protection point or self ignition point -The longest temperature of which substance can be heated. -without the application of flame or spark.
"PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE" SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. When a material vapor density is > 1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. When a material vapor density is < 1 - lighter than air and will rise and dissipate. Rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air. ACETYLENE - Vapor density 0.9 ANHYDROUS AMMONIA - Vapor density 0.59 CARBON MONOXIDE - Vapor density 0.96 BOILING POINT - is a constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure. When to sustain combustion?-a certain amount of vapor FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are fast enough to support combustion FIRE POINT - the temperature at which fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited. AUTO-IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapor that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - changes were by energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS - those that release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants. OXIDATION - a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air), react.
Physical Properties of Fire - Specific Gravity - ratio of weight of a solif or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water - Vapor density - volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air - Vapor pressure - force exerted by molecules - Temperature - measure of degree of thermal agitation - Boiling Pressure - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure - Flash point - lowest temperature and requires spark - Fire point - temperature increases, continous release of combustible vapors resulting to the sustain burning - Endothermic Reaction - absorbes energy - Exothermic Reaction - releases or gives off energy (heat) - Oxidation - chemical change, combustible material and oxidizing agent react
Properties of fire The physical properties * Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight and equal volume of water(flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than the water) *Vapor Density -the weight of a volume pure of gas composed to the volume of dry air at thesame temp. And pressure. The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas compared to the same volume of air Material vapor density - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas Material vapor density - lighter than air and will rise and dissipate (As a rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air the common gases are bolded Acetylene - vapor density 0.9 Anydrous ammonia - vapor density 0.59 Carbon monoxide - vapor density 0.96) Boiling point- the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure. WHAT IS THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN BOILING POINT AND FLASHPOINT? When to sustain combustion? Certain amount of vapor Do you need have flashpoint? Yes, which there will be enough to sustain burn. Is the flash point is the same as the temperature ? No why? You still need an external ignition source Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temp. And therefore more dangerous. What is boiling point? The boiling point is the temp. At which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the tempersture at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. Vapor pressure- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. Temperature- the measure of the degree f thernal agitation of molecules. Flash Point- the lowest temp. At which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily Fire point- the temp. At which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed , the fuel continues to burn Auto- ignation or self ignation point -the lowest temp .at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. Endothermic reactions- changes whereby energy (heat)is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place Exothernic Reactions- those that release of give of energy heat thus they produced substances with less energy than the resctants. Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic a, change in which combustible material fuel and an oxidizing agent air react
SHEA, JERSEY M. 3C3 PROPERTIES OF FIRE (PHYSICAL PROPERTIES) ♡Specific gravity -the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water ♡Vapor density -the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure ♡Boiling point -the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure ●When to sustain combustion? -it will sustain combustion if there is certain amount of vapors ●Do you need to have flashpoint? -yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn ●Is the flashpoint is the same as the temperature? -no. ●What is boiling point? -it is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will began to transition to a gas. ♡Vapor pressure -the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid ♡Flashpoint -the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily -need application of spark, since there is lowest temperature ♡Firepoint -the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited-that even if the fuel continues to burn ♡Auto or self-ignition point -the lowest temperature at which substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark ❗️❗️Chemical reaction: From the normal temperature, when the temperature increases and there is flashover (known as dust explosion/located between normal temperature and flashpoint) and there is also certain degree fahrenheit where the flashpoint requires a application of spark, the firepoint will start. And afterwards there will be a chemical reaction leading by the 3 elements and there is already a fire. ❗️❗️Distinction between endothermic and expthermic Endothermic reaction-changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or added before the reaction takes place. Exothermic reaction-those that release or give off energy thus they produce substance with less than energy than the reactants. ♡Oxidation -a chemical change that is Exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react.
Properties of the Fire- The Physical Properties 1.Specific Gravity is the weight of a solid and liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Like the fuel, it will remain within the top of the water which releases the temperature, and that extinguished by the water requires an application of sparks to ignite. Gasoline or any flammable liquids have a lower specific gravity within the water. 2.Vapor Density is the weight of a volume of pure gas has a volume of dry air with the same temperature and pressure. It is the ratio of the density of a gas, that has a greater vapor density than the air. The smell of the gas to the fuel can be sensed. **The rule of thumb gases is lighter than the air. Acetylene- vapor density is 0.9 Anhydrous Ammonia- vapor density is 0.59 Carbon Monoxide- vapor density is 0.96 3. At a boiling point, the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. It is the reason when the time we are boiling the water and will expose it to heat the molecules is a tendency to break away. The boiling point is the temperature at which vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. 4.Vapor Pressure is the force being exerted by the molecules. There is no specific pressure that is required it depends on the indemnity of heat. 5.Temperature is the measurement of the degree. 6. Flashpoint is the lowest temperature. 7. Fire points the materials will continue to burn because of the ignited happens. it requires sparks. 8. Auto-Ignition Point is the lowest temperature; it can ignite without applying the flame or spark. 9. Fire point increases the temperature. Endothermic VS. Exothermic Endothermic Reactions will absorb the energy heat. Exothermic Reactions will release the energy heat.
Properties of Fire: The Physical Properties •Specific Gravity- ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substances to the weight of an equal volume of water. •Vapor Density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. • Boiling Point - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. •Vapor Pressure - the force exerted by the molecules in the surface of a liquid. -pressure occurs depending on the head the intensity of heat. "More density of the heat more vapors is occurring" •Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. •Flashpoint- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives before that burns momentarily. •Fire point- the temperature at which the fuel continues the burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of initial has been removed: the fuel continues the burn. The lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors will ignite without the use of a flame or spark is known as the "auto-ignition point." Chemical process: When there is a flush over, the temperature rises over normal. Dust explosion also known as flashover. • An endothermic reaction is one that occurs when heat is added or energy is observed before the reaction occurs. Exothermic reactions produce compounds with less energy than their reactant counterparts because they release or donate energy (heat). •Fire's chemical characteristics: Exothermic chemical process known as oxidation occurs when combustible substance, or "fuel," reacts with oxidizing air.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid / liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. -Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. -it is also the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. Boiling Point- The constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. Vapor Pressure- The force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
Properties of Fire *Physical Properties >Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.[Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water(less dense than water)] >Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. ;The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume gas as compared to the same volume of air. ;Material vapor density>1-Heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas ;Material vapor densityAcetylene, Vapor density 0.9 >Anhydrous Ammonia Vapor Density 0.59 >Carbon Monoxide Vapor Density 0.96 *Boiling point- the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. What is Distinction between boiling point and Flashpoint? 1. When to sustain combustion? (Certain amount of vapor) 2. Do you need to have Flash point? (Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn) 3. Is the flash point is the same as the temperature? why?( No, You still need an external ignition source) 4. Liquids with lower Flash points is easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous 5. What is Boiling Point? (The Boiling Point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.) Vapor Pressure- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. * Temperature - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. * Fire Point - the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are evolved fast enough to support combustion. * Flash Point - the temperature at which a flammable liquid forms a vapor-air mixture that ignites(mixture with in the explosive range) * Auto-ignition point of self - ignition point- the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame as spark. Chemical reaction= Normal temperature - increases temperature when there is a flush over. Flashover - known as dust explosion. > Endothermic reaction-changes where buy energy (heat) is observed are is added before the reaction takes place. > Exothermic reaction-those that release or give of energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy done than reactants. *Chemical Properties of Fire: Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic, a chance in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing (air) react. Flames
(PROPERTIES OF FIRE) -SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio or the weight of solid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water -VAPOR DENSITY - weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air -BOILING POINT - the temperature where the pressure of liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure -VAPOR PRESSURE - force exerted by molecules -TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation -FLASHPOINT - lowest temperature that apply sparks to make fire momentarily -FIRE POINT - fuel continues to burn even after the fire was removed -AUTO IGNITION POINT - lowest temp and will ignite without application of spark -FLASHOVER - dust explosion -ENDOTHERMIC - absorbed energy -EXOTHERMIC - release energy -OXIDATION - a change in which fuel and air react.
Properties of Fire: The Physical Properties •Specific Gravity- ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substances to the weight of an equal volume of water. •Vapor Density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. • Boiling Point - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. •When to sustain combustion? When certain amount of vapor. • Do you need to have flash point? Which there will be enough vapor to sustain burn. • What is boiling? Vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure: therefore the temperature at which liquid based will begin to transition to a gas. •Vapor Pressure - the force exerted by the molecules in the surface of a liquid. -pressure occurs depending on the head the intensity of heat. "More density of the heat more vapors is occurring" •Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. •Flashpoint- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives before that burns momentarily. •Fire point- the temperature at which the fuel continues the burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of initial has been removed: the fuel continues the burn. •Auto- ignition point ourself ignition point the lowest temperature at which substance can be heated to release vapors will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. Chemical reaction: Normal temperature- increases temperature when there is a flush over. Flashover- known as dust explosion. • Endothermic reaction-changes where buy energy (heat) is observed are is added before the reaction takes place. • Exothermic reaction-those that release or give of energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy done than reactants. •Chemical Properties of Fire: Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic, a chance in which combustible material "fuel" and an oxidizing "air" react.
Physical Properties of Fire Specific Gravity- ratio of weight of solid or liquid -equal volume of water -fuel floats on the top of water -fuel still remain and the product still release on the top of water Vapor Density- volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air -air goes the same flow of the air -greater than 1 heavier than air will sink and can smell easily -less than 1 ligther than air will rise and difficult to smell. Acetelyne- vapor density 0.9 Anhydrous Ammonia- 0.59 vapor density Carbon Monoxide- 0.96 vapor density Vapor Pressure- force exerted by molecules -no specific pressure -when heat apply vapor pressure increases until ignition temparature is reach -more vapor occur when heat is intense -the pressure of the gas being emitted by a liquid or solid when they are equillibrium the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation Temperature- measure of degree Boiling point- vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure -temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transmission to gas -when the water exposed to the heat the molecules breakaway, molecules keep absorbing heat and result to agressive movement that result collision, -collision produce or increase the release of vapor Fire point- fuel continues to burn -even the ignition remove the fuel will continues to burn. -more heat, more vapor Flash Point- required the application of spark -lowest temperature, gives off vapor Auto Ignition Point and Self Ignition Point- lowest temperature -without the application of flame and spark Chemical Properties of Fire Endothermic Reactions- absorbed energy -Inhale -absored energy to the surrounding that may result to the drops of energy surroundings Exothermic Reactions- release energy -Exhale -release energy to the surrounding that cause the increase of energy in the surroundings Oxidation- chemical change that is exothermic Flame- incandescent gases
Properties of fire The Physical Properties 1. Specific gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. • When the fuel still remains on the top of the water, that these products will float on top of water so they can continue to release vapors given the correct temperature • Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several others products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) 2. Vapor density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air the at the same temperature and pressure. • The vapor density is the ratio of the density of the volume of a gas compared to the same volume of air • Material vapor density greater than 1 heavier than air and then will sink and concentrate in low lying areas. • Material vapor density less than one lighter than air and will rise and dissipate. As the rule of thumb, there are gases there are lighter than in the common gases are bolded. • Acetylene Vapor density 0.9 • Anhydrous ammonia Vapor density 0.95 • Carbon monoxide Vapor density is 0.96 3. Boiling point - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. NOTE: when there is collision it will increases the production the release of the vapor WHAT IS THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN BOILING POINT AND FLASH POINT? • When two sustain combustion? Certain amount of vapor • Do you need to have flash point? Yes, which there will be enough paper to sustain a brand • Is the flash point being the same as the temperature? No • Why? You still need an external ignition source • Liquid with lower flashpoints are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous. • What is boiling point? boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. 4. Vapor pressure - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. 5. Temperature - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. • Flashpoint - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily when flame or sparky is applied. A fuel can be instantly ignited thus producing a momentary fire. It requires here an application of spark since there is a lowest temperature • Fire point - the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continues to burn. As the temperature increases, it continuously releases combustible vapors resulting to sustain burning (combustion) • Auto ignition point or self-ignition point - the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. - Flash over (dust explosion) Chemical Properties • Endothermic reaction - changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the action take place. In an endothermic reaction energy is absorbed from the surroundings. As the result the temperature of the surrounding drops. • Exothermic reactions - those that release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than the reactants. In an exothermic reaction energy is released into the surroundings as heat. As a result, temperature of the surrounding increases • Oxidation - a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react. • Flames - the result of the state, it is the visible when fire take place because FLAME is the incandescent gases.
Specific gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water Vapor density-the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure Boiling point-is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure hands it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition gas. flash point- the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are fast enough to support combustion •fire point- the temperature at which fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited. You sent Exothermic reactions- those that release or give off energy heat. Oxidation- chemical change that exothermic, a change in which material.
FIRE PROTECTION & ARSON INVESTIGATION PART 2 PROPERTIES OF FIRE THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1. Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid / liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. -Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) 2. Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. -it is also the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. 3. Boiling Point- The constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. 4. Vapor Pressure- The force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. 5. Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
Federizo, Eugene (3C2) PROPERTIES OF FIRE (Physical properties) SPECIFIC GRAVITY- ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the equal volume of water. -fiel still remain on the top of water. VAPOR DENSITY- weight of a volume of pure gas compared to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. -air goes the same flow of the air. -material vapor density is greatert han 1- heavier than air and will sink. -material vapor density is less than 1 - lighter than air an will rise. Acetylene vapor density -0.9 Anhydrous ammonia - 0.59 Carbon monoxide - 0.96 Boiling point - constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. DISTINCTION BETWEEN BOILING POINT AN FLASH POINT What is Boiling point? - temperature at which vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. Vapor pressure - force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. -rate of eveporation is equal to the rate of condensation. Temperature - measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. Flash point - lowest temperature at which substance gives vapor that burns momentarily. - requirs application of spark. Fire Point - temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continues to burn. Auto/self-ignition point - the lowest temperature at which the substance can be heated to release vapoers that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. CHEMICAL REACTION Endothermic Reactions - changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. Exothermic reactions - those that releases or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substance with less energy than the reactants. Oxidation - a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE Specific gravity-it is the ratio of the weight of solid or liquid that the weight is equal to volume of a water. Vapor density-the weight of volume of a pure gas composed to the volume of dry air Vapor pressure-about the forces that being exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid Temperature-the measure of the degree of the thermal agitation Boiling point-break away the molecules,vapor pressure of liquid is equal too the atmospheric pressure. Ignition/kindling temperature-its initiate combustion without application of flames or spark Fire point-lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container,fuel as will continue to burn even after it has been ignited. Flash point-mixture with in the explosive range,external ignition is need to flash point CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE Endothermic reaction-its absorb the energy Endothermic reactions-its release the energy Oxidation-it is the chemical change that is exothermic Flames-it is an incandescent gases. NOTE: flash over its is better known as duct explosion The more heat,the more vapor may release
Properties of Fire The Physical Properties 1. Specific Gravity - ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water -Fuel remain on top of the water. 2. Vapor Density- weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. -Vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. *Acetylene- vapor density 0.9 *Anhydrous Ammonia- vapor density 0.59 *Carbon Monoxide- vapor density 0.96 3. Boiling Point- constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. *When to sustain combustion? - Certain amount of vapor *Do you need to have flash point? - Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn. *Is the flash point same as the temperature? - No, because its still need an external ignition source. *What is Boiling Point- is the temperature of which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature of which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. 4. Vapor Pressure- force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. - Equilibrium -The rate of vaporation is equal to the rate of condensation. -There's no specific require pressure as long as it is required pressure. -The pressure depends on the heat (higher intensity of heat, more vapor occurs) 5. Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. *Flash point- lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily. *Fire point- temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited. That even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continues to burn. *Auto-ignition point ot self-ignition point- the lowest temperature at which a substance can be treated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. -This happen when all the material burned. *Endothermic Reactions- changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed -Energy is absorbed from the surroundings. *Exothermic Reactions- release or give off energy (heat) -energy is released into the surroundinga as heat. *Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react.
FIRE PROTECTION AND ARSON 2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ∆ SPECIAL GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. * Fuel still remain top of the water ∆ FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS such as gasoline,diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water. ∆ VAPOR DENSITY- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. *The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. ∆ MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. ∆ MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PROPERTIES OF FIRE *Specific Gravitythe ratio or the weight of solid substance to the weight of an equal vplume of water *Vapor Density- weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air *Boiling Point-the temperature wehre the pressure of liquid is equal to atmospheric presure *Vapor Pressure-force exerted by molecules *Tempereature-the measure of the degree of thermal agitation FLASHPOINT- lowest temperature that apply sparks to make fire momentarily FIRE POINT- fuel continues to burn even after the fire was removed AUTO IGNITION POINT-lowest temp and will igmite without application of spark FLASHOVER-dust explosion ENDOTHERMIC-absorbed energy EXOTHERMIC-release energy OXIDATION- a change in which fuel and air react.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE 1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ° Specific Gravity- ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. - flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other product have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) Remain on the top of water. ° Vapor Density -the weight of a volume of pare gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure - when material vapor density is >1, it is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas - when material vapor density is
‼️PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE 🎈Specific Gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. -THE FUEL REMAINS AT THE THE TOP OF THE WATER (FLAMMABLE LIQUID SUCH AS GASOLINE,DIESEL AND SEVERAL OTHER PRODUCTS HAVE A LOWER SPECIFIC GRAVITY THAN WATER. (LESS DENSE THAN WATER) 🎈Vapor density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. -MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1 •HEAVIER THAN AIR AND WILL SINK AND CONCENTRATE IN LOW-LYING AREAS. -MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PROPERTIES OF FIRE THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - Specific Gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. -flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) - Vapor Density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. - the vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. - material vapor density >1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. - material vapor density
Fire Protection and Arson Investigation Part 2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE Specific Gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity. Vapor density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. - Ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. - Material vapor density >1- heavier than air in low lying areas - Material vapor density
Properties of Fire Specific Gravity = ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. *Flammable Liquids have specific gravity which is less dense than water. Vapor Density = ratio of density of a volume of gas compared to the same volume of air. *If the material vapor density is heavier than air and will sink to low level areas. *If the material vapor density is lighter than air and will rise and eventually dissipate. ~ Common gases lighter than air; -Acetylene, Vapor Density 0.9 -Anhydrous Ammonia, Vapor Density 0.59 -Carbon Monoxide, Vapor Density 0.96 Boiling point - constant temperature which the vapor pressure of liquid equates to the atmospheric pressure. - The temperature which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. Flash point - lowest temperature which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily. - requires application of spark. Fire point - temperature which the fuel continues to burn after ignited even if the source of ignition is removed. - as temperatures increase, it continuously release combustible vapors resulting to sustained burning(combustion). Auto-ignition point/self-ignition Point - lowest temperature which a substance can be heated without the application of a flame or spark. - the time when there's still sufficient element to support the combustion there's possibility of reignition even without the use of flame or spark Flashover - known as dust explosion. - located between normal temperature and flashpoint. Oxidation - chemical change that is exothermic. - change in which combustible material(fuel) and oxidizing agent(air), reacts. Flames - physical manifestation of fire. Endothermic Reaction - absorbs energy - added before reaction takes place. - cooler than surroundings. - energy is absorbed from surroundings cooling it down Exothermic Reaction - release energy - produce substance with less energy than reactants. - hotter than surroundings. - energy is released to the surroundings heating it up.
📌 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE 1. SPECIFIC GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of equal volume of water. (The fuel still remain on the top of the water) 2. VAPOR DENSITY- weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. •MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas. •MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE * SPECIFIC GRAVITY- ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water * VAPOR DENSITY - volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air Acetylene= 0.9 Anhydrous= 0.59 Carbon Monoxide= 0.96 * VAPOR PRESSURE - force exerted by the molecules * TEMPERATURE - measure of degree of thermal agitation * BOILING PRESSURE - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure * FLASH POINT - lowest temperature which a substance gives off vapor heat burns momentarily * FIRE POINT - temperature increases, continous release of combustible vapors resulting to the sustain burning after it has been ignited. * ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - absorbes energy * EXOTHERMIC REACTION - releases or gives off energy (heat) * OXIDATION- chemical change that is exothermic change, combustible material and oxidizing agent react
PROPERTIES OF FIRE (THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES) SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. - Flammable liquid such as gasoline diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure however if the material of vapor density is greater than one heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas if the material for density is less greater light greater than 1/3 and air will rise and dissipate As the rule of the thumb there are gases that are lighter and the near the common gases are bolded. ACETYLENE - vapor density 0.9 ANHYDROUS AMMONIA - vapor density is 0.59 CARBON MONOXIDE - vapor density 0.96 BOILING POINT- the consent letter at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure. VAPOR PRESSURE- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface on the surface of a liquid. TEMPERATURE- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. FLASHPOINT- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives of paper that burns momentarily. FIRE POINT-the temperature at which fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed fuel continues to burn. AUTO IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION POINT - the lowest temperature which a substance can be healed to release vapor that will ignite without the application of flame or a spark. FLASHPOINT- lowest temperature at which a substance gives a paper . burst momentary with a flame or sparky supplied fuel can be instantly ignited does producing a momentary fine. FIRE POINT- as temperature increases it continuously releases combustible papers inserting to sustain burning combustion. FLASH OVER- it is better known as dust explosion. ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS say this world by energy heat is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS those that release or give of energy heat does tapered the substances with less energy than the reactants. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE. OXIDATION- a chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material fuel and oxidizing agent air reacts. FLAMES
Properties of Fire: the Physical Properties Specific Gravity -ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water -flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) Vapor Density -weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure -vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of a gas as compared to the same volume of air -material vapor density >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas -material vapor density
PROPERTIES OF FIRE •Physical Properties 1. Specific Gravity- The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. (Fuel floats in the surface of water) -Flamable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water. (Less dense than water) 2. Vapor Density- The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. •Material vapor density>1- Heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. •Material Vapor
The Physical Properties of Fire -Specific Gravity- ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substances to the weight of an equal volume of water. -Vapor Density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. -Boiling Point - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. •When to sustain combustion? -When certain amount of vapor. • Do you need to have flash point? -Which there will be enough vapor to sustain burn. • What is boiling? -Vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure: therefore, the temperature at which liquid based will begin to transition to a gas. -Vapor Pressure - the force exerted by the molecules in the surface of a liquid. -Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. -Flashpoint- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives before that burns momentarily. -Fire point- the temperature at which the fuel continues the burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of initial has been removed: the fuel continues the burn. -Auto- ignition point is the ignition point the lowest temperature at which substance can be heated to release vapors will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. 1.Chemical reaction: -Normal temperature- increases temperature when there is a flush over. -Flashover- known as dust explosion. -Endothermic reaction-changes where buy energy (heat) is observed are is added before the reaction takes place. -Exothermic reaction-those that release or give of energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy done than reactants. 2.Chemical Properties of Fire: Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic, a chance in which combustible material "fuel" and an oxidizing "air".
PROPERTIES OF FIRE The Physical Properties SPECIFIC GRAVITY - ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed yo the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. BOILING POINT - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. WHEN TO SUSTAIN COMBUSTION? - When there is a certain amount of vapor. DO YOU NEED TO HAVE FLASHPOINT? - Yes, there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn. WHAT IS BOILING POINT? - Vapor pressure is EQUAL to atmospheric pressure. Hence is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to gas. VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. - when there is a HIGHER INTENSITY OF HEAT, MORE VAPOR pressure is occurring. TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. FLASHPOINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives vapor that burns momentarily. FIRE POINT - the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continues to burn. AUTO - IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION POINT - the LOWEST TEMPERATURE at which substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a FLAME or SPARK. - it has the lowest temperature but does not require the application of flame or spark CHEMICAL REACTION - from NORMAL TEMPERATURE increases temperature when there is a FLASHOVER. FLASHOVER - known as dust explosion, located between the normal temperature and flash point. ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - changes whereby energy (HEAT) is ABSORBED or is added before the reaction takes place. EXOTHERMIC REACTION - those that RELEASE or GIVE OFF ENERGY (HEAT) thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants. OXIDATION - a chemical change that is exothermic, a chance in which combustible material (FUEL) and an oxidizing (AIR) react.
Properties of Fire The Physical Properties *SPECIFIC GRAVITY- ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substances to the weight of an equal volume of water. -flammable liquids such as gasoline,diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water(less dense than water) *VAPOR DENSITY- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. *BOILING POINT - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. When to sustain combustion? -When certain amount of vapor. Do you need to have flash point? -Which there will be enough vapor to sustain burn. What is boiling? Vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure: therefore the temperature at which liquid based will begin to transition to a gas. VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules in the surface of a liquid. *TEMPERATURE- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. FLASHPOINT- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives before that burns momentarily. *FIRE POINT- the temperature at which the fuel continues the burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of initial has been removed: the fuel continues the burn. Auto- ignition point ourself ignition point the lowest temperature at which substance can be heated to release vapors will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. Chemical reaction: Normal temperature- increases temperature when there is a flush over. FLASHOVER-known as dust explosion. * Endothermic reaction-changes where buy energy (heat) is observed are is added before the reaction takes place. * Exothermic reaction-those that release or give of energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy done than reactants. Chemical Properties of Fire: OXIDATION- a chemical change that is exothermic, a chance in which combustible material "fuel" and an oxidizing "air" react.
Properties of Fire SPECIFIC GRAVITY- THE RATIO OF FUEL IS ALWAYS ON THE REMAIN TO THE TOP OF WATER VAPOR DENSITY- THE WEIGHT OF GASSES THAT IS FLOW TOGTHER WITH AIR BOILING POINT- THE PRESSURE OF LIQUID IS EQUAL TO THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. VAPOR PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE FLASHPOINT IS LOWEST TEMPERATURE NEEDS TO APPLY FLAME OR SPARK FIREPOINT WHEN THE COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL SUSTAIN BY RELEASING VAPOR AUTO-IGNITION POINT- IT HAS ALREADY ACCOMPANIED BY HEAT AND IT CAN REIGNITE AUTOMATICALLY WHEN IT IS SUPPLIED OXYGEN . ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS ABSORBED ENERGY AND EXOTHERMIC REACTION RELEASES ENERGY
Keynotes Mendoza, Lovely Jeanice M. 3c1 🚩Physical Properties Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Vapor density- is the ratio of density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air Acetylene - 0.9 Anhydrous- 0.59 Carbon Monoxide- 0.96 🚩Boiling Point - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure Vapor pressure- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of the liquid. Temperature- measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules Flashpoint- lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor. Firepoint- fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited Endothermic reactions- energy(heat) is been absorbed or added before the reaction take place Exothermic reaction- the release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants Oxidations- chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material( fuel) and an oxidizing agent( air) react.
Properties of Fire * Specific gravity is the ratio or the weight oppa solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Note: Flammable liquids have lower is specific gravity than water. *Vapor density is the weight of a volume of pure gas composed of the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. NOTE: * WHEN THE MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY IS LESS THAN 1 IT IS HEAVIER THAN AIR AND WILL SINK AND CONCENTRATE IN THE LOW-LYING AREAS. * WHEN THE MATERIAL BEFORE DENSITY IS GREATER THAN 1 IT IS LIGHTER THAN AIR AND WILL RISE AND DISSIPATE. Rule of the Thumb: this rule says that there are gases lighter than air. Acetylene vapor density of 0.9. Anhydrous ammonia vapor density of 0.59. Carbon monoxide has vapor density of 0.96 Boiling point is the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. It is the phase where liquid will begin to transition to gas. When to sustain combustion? If there is certain amount of vapor. Do you need to have flash point? Yes which there will be enough before to sustain burn. Is the flashpoint the same as the temperature? No. Why? Because you still need an external ignition point. Note: liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous. Vapor pressure is the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of liquid. Temperature is the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. Flashpoint is the lowest temperature at which the substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily. Firepoint is the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed the fuel continues to burn. Auto ignition point or self-ignition point is the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release be force that will ignite without the application of a flame or a spark. Endothermic reaction is the changes whereby energy or the heat is absorbed or is added before the action takes place. Exothermic reactions are those that release or give of energy or heat does they produce substances with less energy than the reactants. Oxidation is the chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material or the fuel and an oxidizing agent react.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES * SPECIFIC GRAVITY - The ratio of the weight o a solid or liquid substance - Weight of an equal -Volume of water *VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure * Material vapor densuty >1 Heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas. *Material vapor density
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE Specia Gravity - The weight of a solid or liquid substance in relation to the weight of an equivalent volume of water • Vapor Density - The weight of a volume of pure gas compared to a volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. Vapor Pressure- is the force that molecules produce. Temperature-The degree of thermal agitation of molecules. Temperature - measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. Boiling point- its vapor pressure equals that of the atmosphere. Auto Ignition- The lowest temperature at which a substance may be heated to create vapor that will ignite naturally without the need of a flame or spark. Fire point-Fuel at a fire point keeps burning even after being lit. Flash point- The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE • Endothermic reactions- hitter than surroundings • Exothermic reactions - cooler than surroundings • Oxidation reactions- chemical change - combustible material and oxidizing agent react • Flame- incandescent - glowing with intense heat
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE SPECIFIC GRAVITY The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight and equal volume of water. (flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than the water) VAPOR DENSITY The weight of a volume pure of gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temp. And pressure. Material vapor density >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. Material vapor density
PROPERTIES OF FIRE *SPECIFY GRAVITY - ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water - flammable liquids have a lower specific gravity than water (less density) * VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY > 1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY < 1 - lighter than air and will rise and dissapite BOILING POINT - constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas When to sustain combustion? When there is certain amount of vapor Do you need to have flash point? Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn Is the flash point is the same as the temperature? No, because you still need an external ignition source. There must be an application of spark * VAPOR PRESSURE - forced exerted by molecules on the surface of a liquid * TEMPERATURE - measure the degree of a thermal agitation of molecules * FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily *AUTO IGNITION POINT/SELF IGNITION POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without application of a flame or spark *FIRE POINT - as temperature increases, it continuously releases vapors to sustain burning *ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place *EXOTHERMIC REACTION - releases or give off energy * OXIDATION - chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible materials and oxidizing agent react
Fire Protection and Arson Investigation Part 2 Key Notes Physical Properties of Fire: 1. Specific Gravity - ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water - Flammable liquids have lower specific gravity. 2. Vapor Density - weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air - When material vapor density is greater than 1, it is heavier than air and will sink. - When material vapor density is less than 1, it is lighter than air and will rise and dissipate. 3. Boiling point - constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure Sustain combustion when there is certain amount of vapor. Flash point is need to have enough vapor to sustain a burn. Flash point is not the same as temperature. Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and dangerous 4. Vapor pressure - force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid 5. Temperature - measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules 6. Flash Point - lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily 7. Fire point - temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited 8. Self-ignition point/Auto ignition point - lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated Chemical Properties: 1. Oxidation - chemical change that is exothermic • Flashover is better known as dust explosion. • Endothermic Reactions - changes whereby energy heat is absorbed • Exothermic Reactions - those that release or give off energy
PROPERTIES OF FIRE The Physical Properties *Specific gravity- the ratio of the weight of the solid or liquid substance *Vapor Density -volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. Material vapor density less than 1- higher than air will sink Material vapor density greater than 1- lighter than air and will Gases That Is Lighter Than Air 1 . Acetylene- vapor density 0.9 2. Anydrous ammonia- vapor density 0.59 3. Carbon monoxide - vapor density 0.96 *Boiling point - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. *Vapor pressure-first exerted by no molecules on the surface of the liquid. * Temperature - The measure of the degree of terminal agitation and molecules. *Flash Point - lowest temperature at which substance gives of vapor. *Firepoint- fuel is continuously to burn after it has been ignited. *Autoignition ourself ignition point - substance can be heated to release papers that will ignite without application of flame or spark.. Endothermic reaction- energy ( heat ) is absurd. Exothermic reaction -list of give of energy . Oxidation - chemical change that is exothermic
FIRE PROTECTION AND ARSON 2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE SPECIAL GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. * Fuel still remain top of the water FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS such as gasoline,diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water. VAPOR DENSITY- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. *The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PROPERTIES OF FIRE The Physical Properties specific gravity- flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have lower gravity than water (less dense than water) vapor density- the air goes the same flow of air boiling point- it's the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure vapor pressure- the rate of the evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules fire point- the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited flashpoint- it occurs here the application of a spark To burn a fuel (combustible material) each temperature must be raised until the ignition point is e reached. Thus, before a fuel starts to burn or before it can be ignited it must be exposed to a certain degree of temperature. when the temperature of a certain substance is very high it releases highly combustible vapors known as free radicals (combustible vapors) such as hydrogen gas carbon monoxide carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The Chemical Properties Endothermic Reactions- changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place Exothermic Reactions- those that release or give off energy thus they produce less energy than the reactants Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material and an oxidizing agent react Flames- flames are incandescent (very bright or glowing with intense heat) gases
FIRE PROTECTION AND ARSON 2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SPECIAL GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. -fuel still remain top of the water FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS such as gasoline,diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) VAPOR DENSITY- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. (goes to the same flow of the air. *The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE *SPECIFIC GRAVITY- ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. *VAPOR DENSITY- weight of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature. *BOILING POINT- constant temperature at which tha vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. •When to sustain combustion? Certain amount of vapor. •Do you need to have flashpoint? Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn. •Is the flashpoint is the same as the temperature?Why? No, you still need an external ignition source •Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous *VAPOR PRESSURE- force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. *TEMPERATURE- measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. *FLASH POINT- lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily. *FIRE POINT- temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has ignited. *AUTO-IGNITION POINT- lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. *ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS- energy is absorbed. *EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS- release or give off energy. *OXIDATION- chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustile material (fuel) and oxidizing agent (air), react.
Properties of Fire THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES > SPECIFIC GRAVITY the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume NOTE: the fuel remain on the top of the water that there products will float on the top of water so they can continue to release vapors given the correct temperature. > VAPOR DENSITY the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. NOTE: material vapor density is greater than 1 is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying area while, when material vapor density is less than 1 it is lighter than air and will rise and dissipate. RULE OF THUMB: there are gases that are lighter than air. the common gases are BOLDED. > BOILING POINT the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure DISTINCTION BETWEEN BOILING POINT AND FLASH POINT - to sustain combustion, certain amount of vapor is needed - flash point is needed, to sustain a burn NOTE: liquids with lower flash point are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous. >VAPOR PRESSURE the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid NOTE: when they are in equilibrium the rate of the evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation - when heat is applied before pressure increase and the ignition temperature is reached >TEMPERATURE the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. >FLASH POINT the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor and burns momentarily NOTE: requires an application of spark since there is a lowest temperature only or it has lowest temperature. >FIREPOINT the temp. at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continues to burn. >AUTO/SELF IGNITION POINT the lowest temp. at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or sparks NOTE: material is already burn with possibility to re-ignite FLASH OVER - best known as DUST EXPLOSION - located between the normal temperature and flashpoint ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS - change whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. -energy is absorbed from the surroundings -as a result, the temperature of the surroundings drops. EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS -those that releases or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than the reactants. - releases energy (heat) - hotter than the surroundings OXIDATION - a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air), react.
MILLARES, Lyrene B. 3C2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SPECIFIC GRAVITY • ratio of the weight of solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. • When the fuel remains on the top of the water so they can continue to release a vapor given the correct temperature. FLAMMABLE LIQUID • like gasoline, petroleum has lower specific gravity than water VAPOR DENSITY • weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure • MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY • if the material vapor density is greater than 1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas • if the material vapor density is less than 1 lighter than air and will rise and dissipate GASES THAT LIGHTER THAN AIR: 1. Acetylene- 0.9 2. Anhydrous Ammonia- 0.59 3. Carbon Monoxide- 0.96 When to sustain combustion? When it has a certain amount of vapor Do you need to have a flash point? Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain burn. Is the flash point being same of the temperature? No, because it still needs an external ignition source. • Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous flammable away requires low degree of temperature and Fahrenheit. BOILING POINT • constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. • Breakaway of molecules. VAPOR PRESSURE (produce depending on the heat/ intensity) • the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid TEMPERATURE • the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules FLASH POINT • the lowest temperature is which substance gives off vapor momentarily when flame or spark is applied. • requires the application of flame or spark • lowest temperature on which substance gives off vapor that burns constantly FIRE POINT • temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited • fuels continue to burn after it has been ignited even the source of ignition • as temperature increases, it continuously releases combustible vapors resulting to sustain burning (combustion) AUTO- IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION POINT • lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of flame or spark.
FLASH OVER- dust explosion. ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS • changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place • absorb EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS • those that release or gives off energy thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants • release
OXIDATION • chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material and an oxidizing agent
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ◽ SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. ◽ VAPOR DENSITY -the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. MATERIAL VAPOR • it is also the ratio the density of a volume of gas as compared to the volume of air. •heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. •Lighter than air and will rise and dissipate ◽ BOILING POINT - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure. ◽ VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. ◽ TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. •FLASH POINT -lowest temperature •FIRE POINT - fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited. >AUTO-ignition point or self-ignition point -the lowest temperature -Substance can be heated -without the application of a flame or spark. FLASH POINT Lowest Temperature > a fuel can be instantly ignited this producing a momentary fire. FIRE POINT As the temperature increases, it continuously releases combustible vapors. -the more heat the more vapor can that can be released. AUTO-IGNITION POINT or SELF- IGNITION POINT Lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. ENDOTHERMIC REACTION -changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed. EXOTHERMIC REACTION -those that release or give off energy (heat) OXIDATION - chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE SPECIFIC GRAVITY- The weight of a solid or liquid substance in relation to the weight of an equivalent volume of water VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of a volume of pure gas compared to a volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure -Vapor density of acetylene is 0.9 VAPOR PRESSURE- is the force that molecules produce. TEMPERATURE- The degree of thermal agitation of molecules BOILING POINT- its vapor pressure equals that of the atmosphere. AUTO IGNITION- The lowest temperature at which a substance may be heated to create vapor that will ignite naturally without the need of a flame or spark. •FIRE POINT- Fuel at a fire point keeps burning even after being lit. •FLASH POINT- The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize Chemical properties of Fire •Endothermic reactions- energy is absorbed from the surroundings •Exothermic reactions- energy is release into the surroundings as heat •Oxidation-chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material and oxidizing agent react. Flames- are incandescent gases.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • SPECIFIC GRAVITY-the ratio of the weight of solid or liquid substance to theweight of an equal volume water Flammable liquid- less dense( gravity) than water • VAPOR DENSITY- the weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature. Material vapor density>1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low - lying areas MVD
PROPERTIES OF FIRE THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. -flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. - the vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. - material vapor density >1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. - material vapor density
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE 1. SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance. 2. VAPOR DENSITY- weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. - is the ratio the density of a volume of gas compared to the same volume of air *MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. *MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PROPERTIES OF FIRE SPECIFIC GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of equal volume of water NOTE: the fuel remain on the top of the water so they can continue to release vapor given with the correct temperature. FLAMMABLE LIQUID: Gasoline Diesel And other products have a lower gravity than water VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of the volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same pressure and temperature NOTE: Gas flow as the same volume of air VAPOR DESSITY - Ratio of the volume of gas compare to the same volume of air HOWEVER: Material vapor density > 1 ( easy to smell) Mean: It heavier than air so it sink and concentrate in the low lying areas Material vapor density < 1 ( hard to smell) Maans: its lighter than air so its rise As a rule of thumb there are gasses that are lighter than air. The common gases are bolded Acetylene VD; 0.9 Anhydrous ammonia VD: 0.59 Carbon monoxide VD: 0.96 BOILING POINT: constant temperature of which vapor pressure of liquid equal to the atmosphere pressure WHEN TO SUSTAIN VAPOR? If there are certain amount of vapor DO YOU NEED TO HAVE FLASH POINT? Yes! Which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn IS THE FLASH POINT IS SAME AS THE TEMPERATURE? No! Because you will need external ignition of source Liquid with more flash point are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous WHAT IS BIOLING POINT: the boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. VAPOR PRESSURE - The pressure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules FLASH POINT - The lowest temperature at which a substance gives vapor that burn momentarily And its requires application of spark FIRE POINT-- The temperature in which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed the fuel continues to burn AUTO/SELF IGNITION POINT - lowest temperature doesn’t have application id spark to burn DIFFRENCE BETWEEN FLASH POINT, FIRE POINT AND AUTO/SELD IGNITION POINT FLASH POINT - lowest temperature , requires application of spark FIRE POINT - temperature increase, continues release of vapor that can sustain burn AUTO/SELF IGNITION POINT- lowest temperature, its ignited without application of spark EDNOTHERMIC REACTION- Every energy heat absorbed, happen before the reaction take place. EXOTHERMIC REACTION- energy been release OXIDATION- Chemical change that exothermic reaction, changes in whicb combustible material ( fuel) and oxidizing agent ( air ) react
------PROPERTIES OF FIRE---- ✓Specific Gravity = ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. "Flammable Liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several have lower specific gravity which is less dense than water. ✓ Vapor Density = ratio of density of a volume of gas compared to the same volume of air. *If the material vapor density >1 is heavier than air and will sink to low level areas. *If the material vapor density
FIRE AND ARSON INV. EXCONDE, RENDEL ALLEN G. Vapor density - weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure Acetylene 0.9 Anhydrous Ammonia 0.59 Carbon Monoxide 0.96 Vapor pressure - force exerted by the molecules. Temperature - measure of degree of thermal agitation of molecules. Boiling point - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Auto ignition - the lowest temperature at which a substance cam be heated to release vapor that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark . Fire point - fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited. - as temperature increases,it continuously release combustible vapors Flash point - the lowest temperature at which the substance gives of vapor. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE Endothermic Reaction - energy (heat) is absorbed. - hotter than surroundings Exothermic Reactions - release or give off energy. - cooler than surroundings Oxidation - a chemical that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent(air) react. Flames are manifestation of fire.
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE ● SPECIFIC GRAVITY - The ratio of the weight of sa solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. ● VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. MATERIAL VAPOR • It is also the ratio the density of a volume of gas as compared to the volume of air. °Heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying ares. °Lighter than air and will rise and dissipate. ACETYLENE - Vapor density 0.9 ANHYDROUS AMMONIA- Vapor density 0.59 CARBON MONOXIDE - Vapor density 0.96 ● BOILING POINT - The constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure. ● VAPOR PRESSURE - The force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. ● TEMPERATURE - The measure of the degree of thermla agitation of molecules. ● AUTO IGNITION- The lowest temperature atwhich a substance may be heated to create vapor that will ignite naturally without the need of a flame or spark. ● FIRE POINT- Fuel at a fire point keeps burningeven after being lit. ● FLASH POINT- The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize. ●ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS - Changes whereby energy heat is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. - Absorb energy - Energy released into the sorroundings increase ●EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS - Those that release or give off energy heat thus they procedure substance with less energy than reactions. - Release energy - Energy is absorbed from the sorroundings - Temperature of the sorroundings drops ●OXIDATION chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and oxidizing agent (air).
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE 1. Specific gravity -ratio of the weight of solid or liquid substance to the weight of equal volume of water -fuel still remain on the top of the water 2. Vapor Density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at same temperature and pressure •common gases are bolded -Acetylene, vapor density 0.9 -Anhydrous Ammonia, vapor density 0.59 Carbon monoxide, vapor density 0.96 Boiling point- vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. -is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. •When to sustain combustion? -certain amount of vapor •Do you need to have flash point? -yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn •Is the flash point is the same as the temperature? Why? -No because it still need an external ignition source Vapor pressure- the pressure of the gas being emitted by a liquid or gas -when heat is applied vapor pressure increases until ignition temperature is reach Flash point- lowest temp. Substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily -it requires the application of spark Fire point- fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited Auto-ignition point or self-ignition point -lowest temp. At which a substance can be heated to release vapor that will ignite without the application of flame or spark - it is happen when the material is already burn Flashover- better known as dust explosion Temperature- measure the degree of thermal agitation of molecules Chemical properties of Fire •Endothermic reactions- energy is absorbed from the surroundings •Exothermic reactions- energy is release into the surroundings as heat •Oxidation-chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material and oxidizing agent react. Flames- are incandescent gases.
Properties of Fire 1) Specific Gravity- ratio of weight of solid or liquid substance to the weight of equal volume of water. 2) Vapor Density- weight of a voulume of pure gas composed to volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. Material Vapor Density >1 -heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas. Material Vapor Density
Properties of Fire : The Physical Properties >Specific Gravity - ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substances to the weight of an equal volume of water. > Vapor Density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed yo the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure n > Boiling Point - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. •When to sustain combustion? When certain amount of vapor. • Do you need to have flashpoint? Yes which there will be enough vapor to sustain burn. What is boiling? Vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure: hence is the temperature at which liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. > Vapor pressure - the force exerted by the molecules in the surface of a liquid. - pressure occurs depending on the head, the intensity of heat. ( More density of heat ,more vapors is occuring. > Temperature - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. > Flashpoint - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives vapor that burns momentarily. > Fire point - the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed; the fuel continues to burn. > Auto - ignition point or self ignition point - the lowest temperature at which substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. Chemical Reaction: Normal temperature - increases temperature when there is a flash over. Flashover - known as dust explosion > Endothermic Reaction - changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. Exothermic reaction - those that release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants. Chemical Properties of fire: > Oxidation - a chemical change that is exothermic, a chance in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing (air) react.
FIRE PROTECTION AND ARSON INVESTIGATION 2. PROPERTIES OF FIRE THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES **SPECIFIC GRAVITY - THE RATIO of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. **FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS Such gasoline, diesel, and several other products have lower specific gravity than water. (less dense than water). remains on the top of the water(ex. Lard) -VAPOR DENSITY -the weight of a volume of pure gas composed of the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure *MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY > 1 - HEAVIER than air and will SINK and concentrate in low-lying areas - when material density is greater tham 1 - It goes on the low area -If it is in less than 1 it is LIGHTER than air and will RISE and dissipate - Hard to smell RULE OF THUMB- There are gases that are lighter than air, common gases are BOLDED ACETYLENE - 0.9 ANHYDROUS AMMONIA - 0.59 CARBON MONOXIDE - 0.96 DISTINCTION BETWEEN BOILING POINT AND FLASHPOINT *WHAT IS BOILING POINT -the BOILING POINT is the TEMPERATURE at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to gas. **VAPOR PRESSURE -the force exerted by the MOLECULES on the SURFACE of a LIQUID, when heat is applied, VAPOR PRESSURE INCREASES, and ignition temperature is reached. **TEMPERATURE -a measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules **FLASH POINT -requires here the application of spark, since there is the lowest temperature **FIRE POINT -the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited-that even if the source of ignition has been removed the fuel continues to burn. **AUTO-IGNITION POINT or SELF-IGNITION POINT - The lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. **DISTINCTION BETWEEN FLASHPOINT, FIRE POINT, SELF-IGNITION POINT** **FLASHPOINT -lowest temp, requires the application of sparks **FIRE POINT -as temp increases, it releases vapor. More heat more vapor is released. When there’s more heat, there’s a possibility of complete combustion **AUTO IGNITION- SELF-IGNITION POINT -low temp but does not require the spark and ignition. Just need some elements that will support the combustion (heat or oxygen) **DISTINCTION BETWEEN ENDOTHERMIC AND EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS** **ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS -CHANGES whereby ENERGY(HEAT) IS ABSORBED or is added before the reaction takes place. it absorbs energy **EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS -those that RELEASE OR GIVE OFF ENERGY(HEAT) thus produce substances with less energy that the reactants. it releases energy **OXIDATION - a CHEMICAL CHANGE that is EXOTHERMIC a change in which COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL (FUEL) and an OXIDIZING AGENT (AIR), REACT.
Physical properties of Fire •specific gravity- ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. •vapor density- weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temp and pressure. •vapor pressure- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid •boiling point- constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to be atmospheric pressure. When to sustain combustion?-certain amount of vapor •flash point- the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are eveolved fast enough to support combustion •fire point- the temperature at which fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited. Auto-ignition point or self-ignited point -endothermic reactions- changes whereby energy heat is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. Exothermic reactions- those that release or give off energy heat. Oxidation- chemical change that exothermic, a change in which combustile material
📍PROPERTIES OF FIRE📍 📌THE PHYSICAL PROPERTY SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ration of the weight of the solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense less water). It remain on the surface of the water. 📌VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. - When the material vapor density is >1 , it is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. - When material vapor density is less than one, it is lighter than air and will rise and dissipate. As a rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air. 📌The common gases bolded. -Acetylyne (vapor density 0.9) - Anhydrous Ammonia (vapor density 0.59) - Carbon monoxide (vapor density 0.96) 📌BOILING POINT the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the to the atmospheric pressure. Example, boiling water, water is exposed to heat causing the breakaway of molecules. When molecules absorb there will be an aggressive movement that causes colision and increase in the production of vapor. - It is the temperature that which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. When to sustain a combustion? -it will sustain cumbustion when there is certain amount of vapor. Do you need to have a flash point? - Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn. ls the flash point is the same as the temperature? - No because you still need an external ignition source where there must be an application of spark. Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous. 📌VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. Pressure occurs depending on the intensity of heat equals to more vapor pressure occurs. HEAT IS APPLIED THE VAPOR PRESSURE INCREASES AND THE IGNITION TEMPERATURE IS REACHED. 📌TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. 📌FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily. It requires an application of spark. 📌FIRE POINT - the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited; that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continuous to burn. 📌AUTO IGNITION POINT OR SELF IGNITION POINT - The lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of flame or spark. 📍DISTINCTION 📌FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily; requires an application of spark. 📌FIRE POINT - the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited; that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continuous to burn. 📌AUTO IGNITION POINT OR SELF IGNITION POINT -The lowest temperature at whicha substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of flame or spark. 📌Flash point - Happens when the material is partialy or already burned. 📌FLASH OVER - known as the dust explosion, located between normal and flashpoint. 📍THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 📌ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS - changes whereby the energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. It absorbs energy. - Energy absorbed from the surroundings as a result temperature of surroundings drop. 📌EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS - those that release or gives off energy (heat) thus they produce substance with less energy than the reactants release energy. -The energy is release into the surroundings as heat. As a result, the temperature of the surroundings increases 📌OXIDATION - a chemical change that is exothermic change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (ain) react. - There is actually exothermic when there is oxidation. 📌FLAMES- a burning gas or vapor.
PHYSICAL PROPERTY OF FIRE SPECIFIC GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. The fuel remain top of the water VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of the volume of pure gas composed to the volume of the dry air at the same temperature and pressure. It goes the same flow of the air. VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules. It increase until the ignition temperature is risk. TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. BOILING POINT- When the water is exposed to heat it will cause break away molecules. Equal to the atmosphere pressure. FIRE POINT - Fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed. FLASH POINT - lowest temperature at which a substance given off vapor that burns momentarily. AUTO IGNITION POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. IS THE FLASHPOINT IS THE SAME AS THE TEMPERATURE? No, Why? because you still need an external ignition source. ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - its absorb energy. EXOTHERMIC REACTION - its release or give off energy
• PROPERTIES OF FIRE THE PHYSICAL PROPERTY SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ration of the weight of the solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense less water). It remain on the top of the water. VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. When the material vapor density is greater than one, it is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. When material vapor density is less than one, it is lighter than air and will rise and dissipate. - As a rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air. The common gases bolded. - Acetylyne (vapor density 0.9) - Anhydrous Ammonia (vapor density 0.59) - Carbon monoxide (vapor density 0.96) BOILING POINT - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the to the atmospheric pressure. Example, boiling water, water is exposed to heat causing the breakaway of molecules. When molecules absorb there will be an aggressive movement that causes collision and increase in the production of vapor. - It is the temperature that which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. When to sustain a combustion? When there is certain amount of vapor. Do you need to have a flash point? Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn. Is the flash point is the same as the temperature? No because you still need an external ignition source where there must be an application of spark. Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous. VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. Pressure occurs depending on the intensity of heat = more vapor pressure occurs. TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily; requires an application of spark. FIRE POINT - the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited; that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continuous to burn. AUTO IGNITION POINT OR SELF IGNITION POINT - The lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of flame or spark. Happens when the material is partially or already burned. FLASH OVER - known as the dust explosion, located between normal and flashpoint. THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS - changes whereby the energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place; absorbs energy. - The energy is absorbed from the surroundings. As a result the temperature of surroundings drops. EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS - those that release or gives off energy (heat) thus they produce substance with less energy than the reactants; release energy - The energy is release into the surroundings as heat. As a result, the temperature of the surroundings increases. OXIDATION - a chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react. FLAMES - incandescent gases.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE The Physical Properties ✓ SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water). Remain on the top of water ✓ VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. • When material vapor density is greater than one, it is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas • When material vapor density is less than one, it is lighter than air and will rise and dissipate. ~As a rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air. The common gases are bolded. 🔸Acetylyne (vapor density 0.9) 🔸Anhydrous Ammonia (vapor density0.59) 🔸Carbon Monoxide (vapor density 0.96) ✓ BOILING POINT - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Ex. Boiling water, water is exposed to heat causing the break away of molecules. When molecules absorb heat there will be an aggressive movement that causes collision and increase in the production of vapor. - It is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas. * When to sustain combustion? When there is certain amount of vapor. * Do you need to have a flash point? Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn. * Is the flash point is the same as the temperature? No, because you still need an external ignition source where there must be an application of spark. Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous. ✓VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. Pressure occurs depending on the intensity of heat . Higher intensity of heat = more vapor pressure occurs ✓TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules ✓ FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily - requires an application of spark ✓ FIRE POINT - the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited-that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continues to burn. AUTO-IGNITION POINT OR SELF IGNITION POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. Happens when the material is partially or already burned. FLASHOVER - known as the dust explosion, located between normal temperature and flashpoint The Chemical Properties ✓ ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS - changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place - absorbs energy -The energy is absorbed from the surroundings. As a result, the temperature of the surrounding drops. ✓ EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS - those that release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than the reactants -release energy - The energy is released into the surroundings as heat. As a result, the temperature of the surrounding increases. ✓ OXIDATION - a chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react . ✓ FLAMES - incandescent gases
*PROPERTIES OF FIRE* THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • SPECIFIC GRAVITY -The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume. (THE FUEL WILL RWMAIN ON THE TOP OF THE WATER) *Flammable Liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water). • VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed of the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. ( Same weight of volume of the pure gas and air) - is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the volume of air. - Material Vapor Density is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate low-lying areas. ( You can still smell got a fuel well it goes in lower area) - Material Vapor Density is lighter than air and will raise and dissipate. ( Hard to smell) “As a rule of thumb, there are the gases that are lighter than air. The common are bolded”. ACETYLENE ( Vapor Density 0.9) ANHYDROUS AMMONIA ( Vapor Density 0.59) CARBON MONOXIDE ( Vapor Density 0. 96) • BOILING POINT -The constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquids is equal to the atmospheric pressure. ( ex. Boiling a water when the water exposed to heat that it will cause to break away of the molecules) QUESTION: 1) When to sustain combustion? CERTAIN AMOUNT OF VAPOR 2) Do you need to have Flashpoint? NO, you still need an external ignition source. 3) Liquid with lower flashpoint are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous? FLAMMABLE REQUIRE DEGREE TERMS OF FAHRENHEIT • VAPOR PRESSURE -The force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. ( The rate of the evaporation is equal to the rate of combustion, depending on the heat) • TEMPERATURE -The measure of the degree is thermal agitation of molecules. • FLASHPOINT -The lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily. ( When flame or spark is applied) • FIREPIONT -Temperature which the fuel continuous to burn after it has been ignited the even if the source of continuous to burn. -Temperature increase, It continuously releases combustible vapors resulting to sustain burning(combustion). • AUTO-IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION -The lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to releases vapor that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. ( Happen when the material is already burned) CHEMICAL REACTION NORMAL-FLASHPOINT-FIREPOINT-SELF/AUTO-IGNITION POINT-COMBUSTION ( RAPID OXIDATION) • FLASHOVER -It is bitter known as dust explosion. • ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS -Changes whereby energy(heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. -Energy absorbed to the surroundings. As a result, the temperature of the surroundings drops. • EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS -Those that release or gives off energy (heat) thus they produced substances with less energy than the reactions . -Energy released into the surroundings as heat. As a result, the temperature of the surroundings increases. • OXIDATION -A chemical that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and on oxidizing agent (air), react. (ACTUAL EXOTHERMIC)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE • SPECIFIC GRAVITY- The weight of a solid or liquid substance in relation to the weight of an equivalent volume of water • VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of a volume of pure gas compared to a volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure -Vapor density of acetylene is 0.9 -0.59- anhydrous ammonia -0.96- Carbon Monoxide •VAPOR PRESSURE- is the force that molecules produce. •TEMPERATURE- The degree of thermal agitation of molecules •BOILING POINT- its vapor pressure equals that of the atmosphere. •AUTO IGNITION- The lowest temperature at which a substance may be heated to create vapor that will ignite naturally without the need of a flame or spark. •FIRE POINT- Fuel at a fire point keeps burning even after being lit. •FLASH POINT- The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE >During an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed as energy. >Energy is released or given off in exothermic reactions. Combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react in a chemical process known as oxidation. Flames- manifestation of fire
Properties of fire *Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. *Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. -When a material vapor density is > 1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas < 1 - lighter than air and will rise and dissipate *Boiling Point - The vapor pressure of the liquid is equal *Vapor Pressure - Is a force exerted by the molecules *Temperature - Is a measure of the degree *Flash point - The lowest temperature at which substance gives off vapor *Fire point - Fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited Endothermic reactions- changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction take place Exothermic reactions those that release or give of energy does they produce substances with less energy than reactants Chemical properties of fire Oxidation -a chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material and oxidizing agent react
(Fire Investigation Part 2) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE Specific Gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Vapor density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. Vapor Pressure - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. Temperature - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. Boiling Point - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Ignition/Kindling temperature - the minimum temperature at which the substance must be heated in order to initiate combustion. Fire point - the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are evolved fast enough to support combustion. Flash point - the temperature at which a flammable liquid forms a vapor-air mixture that ignites (mixture with in the explosive range). CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE *Endothermic Reactions - changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. *Exothermic Reactions - those that release or give off energy(heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than the reactants. *Oxidation - a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air), react. Example of oxidation is combustion which is the same as actual burning (rapid oxidation) *CHEMICAL REACTION Temperature of Fuel COMBUSTION ^ Self/auto ignition point ------------ ^ RAPID ^ Fire Point ------------------- ^ ^ Flash Point ------------------ ^ ^ Normal -------------------- OXIDATION
FIRE INVESTIGATION PART 2 PROPERTIES OF FIRE THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SPECIFIC GRAVITY - ratio of the weight of solid orliquid subtance to the weight of an equal volume of water FLAMMABLE LIQUID - like gasoline, petroleum have lower specific gravity than water VAPOR DENSITY - weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY if the material vapor density is greater than 1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas if the material vapor density is less than 1 lighter than air and will rise amd dissipate BOILING POINT - constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the l;iquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degreee of thermal agitation of molecules FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature ar which substance gives off vapor momentarily FIRE POINT - temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited AUTO- IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION POINT - lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of flame or spark ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS- changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS - those that release or gives off energy thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants OXIDATION - chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material and an oxidizing agent LIQUID FUELS - made from petroleum. But some synthetic liquid fuels are also produced.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE SPECIFIC GRAVITY the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. VAPOR DENSITY the weight of a volume or purr gas and composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. Acetylene, vapor density 0.9 Anhydrous Ammonia, vapor density 0.59 Carbon Monoxide, vapor density 0.96 BOILING POINT the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure. VAPOR PRESSURE the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. TEMPERATURE the measure of the degree of the thermal agitation of molecules. FLASH POINT the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily. FIRE POINT the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been remove, the fuel continues to burn. AUTO ignition poiny or self-ignition point. The lowest temperature at which substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the applications of a flame or sparks. CHEMICAL REACTION TEMPERATURE OF FUEL ⬆️ Self/Auto Ignition Point Fire Point Flash Point Normal CHEMICAL REACTION ⬆️ Combustion Oxidation ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS -Changes whereby energy heat is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. -Absorb energy -Energy released into the sorroundings heat -Temperature of a sorroundings increase EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS -Those that release or give off energy heat thus they procedure substance with less energy than reactions. -Release energy -Emergy is absorbed from the sorroundings -Temperature of the sorroundings drops CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE OXIDATION chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and oxidizing agent (air). FLAME manifesting of fire
Properties of fire SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Flammable liquid such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water. (Less dense than water) VAPOR DENSITY - Weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1 HEAVIER THAN AIR.. SINK MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
Properties of fire Specific Gravity - Solid or liquid substance is the weight of an equal Vapor Density - The volume of pure gas is composed to the volume of dry air Boiling Point - The vapor pressure of the liquid is equal Vapor Pressure - Is a force exerted by the molecules Temperature - Is a measure of the degree Flash point - The lowest temperature at which substance gives off vapor Fire point - Fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited Endothermic Reaction - the energy or heat is absorbed Exothermic Reactions - Release or give off the energy Oxidation - Chemical Change that is exothermic, change in which combustible material and an oxidizing agent or air is react
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE "Specific Gravity" -The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. • Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water). " Vapor density" -The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. • The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air • Material vapor density >1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas. • Material vapor density
Physical properties Specific gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Vapor density - is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. Acetylene -0.9 Anhydrous -0.59 Carbon monoxide -0.96 Boiling point - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Vapor pressure - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. Temperature - measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. Flash point - lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor Fire point - the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited Endothermic reactions - energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. Exothermic reaction - release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than the reactants. Oxidation -chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react.
Properties of fire Specific Gravity - the ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal of volume of water Vapor density- the weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air the same temperature and pressure. Boiling point - constant temperature which the vapor pressure of liquid is equal to the atmosphere Vapor pressure - the force exceeded by the molecules of the surface Temperature - measure the degree of thermal agitation of molecules Flash point - lowest temperature which substances gives off vapor that burn momentarily Auto ignition - the lowest temperature at which a substances can be heated to released vapor that will ignite without application of sparks Endothermic reaction - it absord energy Exothermic reaction - it release energy Flame - burning gas or vapor from Combustible material
Physical Properties of Fire • Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. • Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. -When a material vapor density is > 1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas - When a material vapor density is < 1 - lighter than air and will rise and dissipate As rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air. - Acetylene- Vapor density 0.9 - Anhydrous Ammonia- Vapor density 0.59 - Carbon monoxide- Vapor density 0.96 • Boiling Point- the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Vapor Pressure- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. • Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules. • Fire Point- the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are evolved fast enough to support combustion. • Flash Point- the temperature at which a flammable liquid forms a vapor-air mixture that ignites(mixture with in the explosive range). • Auto-ignition point of self-ignition point- the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame as spark. Chemical Properties of Fire • Endothermic Reactions- changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. •Exothermic Reactions- those that release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants. •Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air), react. Example of oxidation is combustion which is the same as actual burning (rapid oxidation) •Flames- flames are incandescent (very bright/glowing with intense heat) gases. It is a combustion product and a manifestation of fire when it is in it's gas-phased combustion.
Properties of fire 1. Specific Gravity - Solid or liquid substance is the weight of an equal 2. Vapor Density - The volume of pure gas is composed to the volume of dry air 3. Boiling Point - The vapor pressure of the liquid is equal 4. Vapor Pressure - Is a force exerted by the molecules 5. Temperature - Is a measure of the degree 6. Flash point - The lowest temperature at which substance gives off vapor 7. Fire point - Fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited Endothermic Reaction - the energy or heat is absorbed Exothermic Reactions - Release or give off the energy Oxidation - Chemical Change that is exothermic, change in which combustible material and an oxidizing agent or air is react
📌 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE 1. SPECIFIC GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance. 2. VAPOR DENSITY- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air. NOTE: * Material vapor density is greater than 1 it is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas. * Material vapor density less than one, lighter than air and will rise and dissipate. 📌 Acetylene - vapor density 0.9 📌 Anhydrous ammonia - vapor density 0.59 📌 Carbon dioxide - vapor density 0.96 3. VAPOR PRESSURE- the force exerted by the molecules. 4. Temperature- the measure of the degree. 5. Fire Point- the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited. 📌 What is the distinction of boiling point to flash point? * BOILING POINT- Is the temperature at which vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. * FLASH POINT- the lowest temperature at at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily. Note: 1. When when to sustain combustion? Ans: When there is certain amount of vapor. 2. Do you need to have flash point? Ans: Yes, which there will be enough bay port to sustain a burn. 3. Is the flash point is the same as the temperature? Ans: No, because you still need an external ignition source. FLASHPOINT- lowest temperature at which a substance gives of vapor that burns momentarily when a flame or spark is applied. FIRE POINT- as temperature increase, it continuously releases combustible vapor resulting to sustain burning. AUTO- IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION POINT- the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. 📌 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE. 1. ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS- energy heat is absorbed. Note: In an endothermic reaction, energy is absorbed from the surroundings. As as a result the temperature of the surroundings drops. 2. EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS- release or give off energy. Note: In an exothermic reaction, energy is released into the surroundings as heat. As the result the temperature of the surroundings increases. 3. OXIDATION- change that is exothermic. 4. FLAMES- combustion product and manifestation of fire.
✓ Specific Gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. *Flammable between such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity in the water (less dense than water) ✓ Vapor density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. * The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. * Material before density >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas * Material vapor density
Physical Properties of Fire Specific Gravity -the ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volumes of water Vapor density - weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure •Acetylene- vapor density 0.9 •Anhydrous Ammonia 0.59 •Carbon Monoxide 0.96 Vapor pressure - force exerted by the molecules. Temperature -measure of degree of thermal agitation of molecules. Boiling point - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Auto ignition - the lowest temperature at which a substance cam be heated to release vapor that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark . Fire point - fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited. - as temperature increases,it continuously release combustible vapors Flash point- the lowest temperature at which the substance gives of vapor. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE Endothermic Reaction - energy (heat) is absorbed. - hotter than surroundings Exothermic Reactions - release or give off energy. -cooler than surroundings Oxidation - a chemical that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent(air) react. Flames-manifestation of fire. MARANAN, JAY MARK L. 4C4
MAGBANUA, JOHN KENNETH L. 3C3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Specific Gravity- weight of a solid or liquid substance. Flammable liquids- have lower specific gravity than water. Vapor density- weight of a volume of pure gas, composed of the volume of dry air. Material vapor densiy- >1 heavier than air and will sink, concentrate in low-lying areas.
Properties of fire Specific gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water Vapor density-the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure Boiling point-is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure hands it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition gas Vapor pressure-is the force exerted by the molecules on surface of a liquid Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules Flashpoint- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives of paper that burns momentarily Firepoint- the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed the fuel continues to grow Auto ignition point or self-ignition point -the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release papers that will ignite without the application of flame or sparks Flashover -it is known as dust explosion Endothermic reactions- changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction take place Exothermic reactions those that release or give of energy does they produce substances with less energy than reactants Chemical properties of fire Oxidation -a chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material and oxidizing agent react
Properties of fire The physical properties Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance. VAPOR DENSITY- weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. - is the ratio the density of a volume of gas compared to the same volume of air o MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. o MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PROPERTIES OF FIRE THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES o Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water (Water when mix with fuel, the water poured will sink and mix with the water however the fuel will remain on top of the water) Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) Oil mix with water* o Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air. Material vapor density >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas Material vapor density
Physical Properties of Fire •Special Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal of water. • Vapor Density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed of volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. • Boiling Point - the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal. •Vapor pressure - is a force exerted by the molecules. •Temperature - is the measure of the degree •Boiling Point - it's a vapor pressure equal that of the atmosphere. • Auto Ignition - it is the Lowest temperature at which a substance may be heated to create vapor . •Fire Point - Fuel at a fire point keeps burning even after being it. •Flash Point -the lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE "Specific Gravity" -The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. • Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water). " Vapor density" -The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. • The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air • Material vapor density >1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas. • Material vapor density
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE 1. SPECIFIC GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a : solid or liquid substance. 2. VAPOR DENSITY- weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. - is the ratio the density of a volume of gas compared to the same volume of air *MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. *MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
Properties of fire Specific gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water Vapor density-the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure Boiling point-is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure hands it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition gas Vapor pressure-is the force exerted by the molecules on surface of a liquid Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules Flashpoint- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives of paper that burns momentarily Firepoint- the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed the fuel continues to grow Auto ignition point or self-ignition point -the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release papers that will ignite without the application of flame or sparks Flashover -it is known as dust explosion Endothermic reactions- changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction take place Exothermic reactions those that release or give of energy does they produce substances with less energy than reactants Chemical properties of fire Oxidation -a chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material and oxidizing agent react
PROPERTIES OF FIRE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES * SPECIFIC GRAVITY - The ratio of the weight o a solid or liquid substance - Weight of an equal -Volume of water *VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure * Material vapor densuty >1 Heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas. *Material vapor density
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE • SPECIFIC GRAVITY- The weight of a solid or liquid substance in relation to the weight of an equivalent volume of water • VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of a volume of pure gas compared to a volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure -Vapor density of acetylene is 0.9 -0.59- anhydrous ammonia -0.96- Carbon Monoxide •VAPOR PRESSURE- is the force that molecules produce. •TEMPERATURE- The degree of thermal agitation of molecules •BOILING POINT- its vapor pressure equals that of the atmosphere. •AUTO IGNITION- The lowest temperature at which a substance may be heated to create vapor that will ignite naturally without the need of a flame or spark. •FIRE POINT- Fuel at a fire point keeps burning even after being lit. •FLASH POINT- The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE -During an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed as energy. -Energy is released or given off in exothermic reactions. *Combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react in a chemical process known as oxidation. *Flames- manifestation of fire
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE • SPECIFIC GRAVITY- The weight of a solid or liquid substance in relation to the weight of an equivalent volume of water • VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of a volume of pure gas compared to a volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure -Vapor density of acetylene is 0.9 -0.59- anhydrous ammonia -0.96- Carbon Monoxide •VAPOR PRESSURE- is the force that molecules produce. •TEMPERATURE- The degree of thermal agitation of molecules •BOILING POINT- its vapor pressure equals that of the atmosphere. •AUTO IGNITION- The lowest temperature at which a substance may be heated to create vapor that will ignite naturally without the need of a flame or spark. •FIRE POINT- Fuel at a fire point keeps burning even after being lit. •FLASH POINT- The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE -During an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed as energy. -Energy is released or given off in exothermic reactions. *Combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react in a chemical process known as oxidation. *Flames- manifestation of fire
The Physical properties
• Specific Gravity is the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water .
Physical Properties of Fire
• Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
• Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
-When a material vapor density is > 1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
- When a material vapor density is < 1 - lighter than air and will rise and dissipate
Rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air.
Acetylene- Vapor density 0.9
Anhydrous Ammonia- Vapor density 0.59
Carbon monoxide- Vapor density 0.96
The boiling point- is a constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure.
When to sustain combustion?-a certain amount of vapor
•flash point- the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are fast enough to support combustion
•fire point- the temperature at which fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited.
auto-ignition point or self-ignition point - the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapor that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark
Endothermic reaction - changes were by energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
exothermic reactions - those that release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants
Keynotes
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
a. Specific Gravity
b. Vapor Density
c. Vapor Pressure
d. Flash Point
e. Fire Point
f. Boiling Point
g. Auto-Ignition Point or Self-Igniting Point
Additional Note:
Material Vapor Density:
* greater than 1 = heavier than air ---> an certain object will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
* less than 1 = lighter than air ---> a certain object will rise and dissipate
CHEMIICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
a. Endothermic Reactions - hotter than surroundings
b. Exothermic Reactions - cooler than surroundings
c. Oxidation - chemical change > combustible material and oxidizing agent react
d. Flames - incandescent > glowing with intense heat
Physical Properties of Fire
Special gravity- ratio of the weight of solid or liquid substance
-weight of an equal volume of water
Vapor density- volume of pure gas composed to volume of dry air
Material vapor density- >1- heavier than air
Material vapor density-
TUTOR, JOSETTE
3C3
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY - The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
* Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water).
VAPOR DENSITY -The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
*The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air
* Material vapor density >1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas.
* Material vapor density
Properties of Fire
The Physical Properties
•Specific Gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
-flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water)
•Vapor Density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
*the vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
*material vapor density >1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
*material vapor density
Fire protection and Arson investigation part 2
Properties of fire
The physical properties
1. Specific gravity, that ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
2. Vapor density the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
3. Boiling point the constant temperature at which the paper pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
What what is the distinction of boiling point and flash s point?
1. When when does sustain combustion?
- it will sustain combustion when there is a certain amount of vapor
2. Do you need to have a flash point?
-Yes there will be enough vapor sustain burn.
3. The flash s point is the same as the temperature?
-No you're still in an external ignition source
4. What is boiling point?
-is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is h equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence hence it is the temperature at which the liquid face with begin to transition into gas.
4. Vapor pressure divorce exerted by the molecule and the surface of liquid.
• The pressure by August being emitted by a liquid or solid when they are in equilibrium the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation.
• when he disappointed vapor pressure increases until ignition temperature is reached.
• there is no specific pressure record as long as it reached the required pressure.
• pressure the occurs depending on the heat.
5. Temperature the measure of the degree of thermal ignition of molecules.
What is flashpoint?
- The lowest temperature at which substance gives off paper that burns momentarily
- it required the application of spark because it it is the lowest temperature.
Fire point
-the temperature at which the funeral will continue to burn after it has been ignited.
Protection point or self ignition point
-The longest temperature of which substance can be heated.
-without the application of flame or spark.
"PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE"
SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
When a material vapor density is > 1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
When a material vapor density is < 1 - lighter than air and will rise and dissipate.
Rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air.
ACETYLENE - Vapor density 0.9
ANHYDROUS AMMONIA - Vapor density 0.59
CARBON MONOXIDE - Vapor density 0.96
BOILING POINT - is a constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure.
When to sustain combustion?-a certain amount of vapor
FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are fast enough to support combustion
FIRE POINT - the temperature at which fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited.
AUTO-IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapor that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - changes were by energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS - those that release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants.
OXIDATION - a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air), react.
Physical Properties of Fire
- Specific Gravity - ratio of weight of a solif or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
- Vapor density - volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air
- Vapor pressure - force exerted by molecules
- Temperature - measure of degree of thermal agitation
- Boiling Pressure - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure
- Flash point - lowest temperature and requires spark
- Fire point - temperature increases, continous release of combustible vapors resulting to the sustain burning
- Endothermic Reaction - absorbes energy
- Exothermic Reaction - releases or gives off energy (heat)
- Oxidation - chemical change, combustible material and oxidizing agent react
Properties of fire
The physical properties
* Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight and equal volume of water(flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than the water)
*Vapor Density
-the weight of a volume pure of gas composed to the volume of dry air at thesame temp. And pressure.
The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas compared to the same volume of air
Material vapor density - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
Material vapor density - lighter than air and will rise and dissipate
(As a rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air the common gases are bolded
Acetylene
- vapor density 0.9
Anydrous ammonia
- vapor density 0.59
Carbon monoxide
- vapor density 0.96)
Boiling point- the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure.
WHAT IS THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN BOILING POINT AND FLASHPOINT?
When to sustain combustion? Certain amount of vapor
Do you need have flashpoint? Yes, which there will be enough to sustain burn.
Is the flash point is the same as the temperature ? No why? You still need an external ignition source
Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temp. And therefore more dangerous.
What is boiling point? The boiling point is the temp. At which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the tempersture at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
Vapor pressure- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
Temperature- the measure of the degree f thernal agitation of molecules.
Flash Point- the lowest temp. At which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily
Fire point- the temp. At which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed , the fuel continues to burn
Auto- ignation or self ignation point
-the lowest temp .at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
Endothermic reactions- changes whereby energy (heat)is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place
Exothernic Reactions- those that release of give of energy heat thus they produced substances with less energy than the resctants.
Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic a, change in which combustible material fuel and an oxidizing agent air react
SHEA, JERSEY M.
3C3
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
(PHYSICAL PROPERTIES)
♡Specific gravity
-the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
♡Vapor density
-the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
♡Boiling point
-the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure
●When to sustain combustion?
-it will sustain combustion if there is certain amount of vapors
●Do you need to have flashpoint?
-yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn
●Is the flashpoint is the same as the temperature?
-no.
●What is boiling point?
-it is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will began to transition to a gas.
♡Vapor pressure
-the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid
♡Flashpoint
-the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily
-need application of spark, since there is lowest temperature
♡Firepoint
-the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited-that even if the fuel continues to burn
♡Auto or self-ignition point
-the lowest temperature at which substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark
❗️❗️Chemical reaction:
From the normal temperature, when the temperature increases and there is flashover (known as dust explosion/located between normal temperature and flashpoint) and there is also certain degree fahrenheit where the flashpoint requires a application of spark, the firepoint will start. And afterwards there will be a chemical reaction leading by the 3 elements and there is already a fire.
❗️❗️Distinction between endothermic and expthermic
Endothermic reaction-changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or added before the reaction takes place.
Exothermic reaction-those that release or give off energy thus they produce substance with less than energy than the reactants.
♡Oxidation
-a chemical change that is Exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react.
Properties of the Fire- The Physical Properties
1.Specific Gravity is the weight of a solid and liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Like the fuel, it will remain within the top of the water which releases the temperature, and that extinguished by the water requires an application of sparks to ignite. Gasoline or any flammable liquids have a lower specific gravity within the water.
2.Vapor Density is the weight of a volume of pure gas has a volume of dry air with the same temperature and pressure. It is the ratio of the density of a gas, that has a greater vapor density than the air. The smell of the gas to the fuel can be sensed.
**The rule of thumb gases is lighter than the air.
Acetylene- vapor density is 0.9
Anhydrous Ammonia- vapor density is 0.59
Carbon Monoxide- vapor density is 0.96
3. At a boiling point, the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. It is the reason when the time we are boiling the water and will expose it to heat the molecules is a tendency to break away.
The boiling point is the temperature at which vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
4.Vapor Pressure is the force being exerted by the molecules. There is no specific pressure that is required it depends on the indemnity of heat.
5.Temperature is the measurement of the degree.
6. Flashpoint is the lowest temperature.
7. Fire points the materials will continue to burn because of the ignited happens. it requires sparks.
8. Auto-Ignition Point is the lowest temperature; it can ignite without applying the flame or spark.
9. Fire point increases the temperature.
Endothermic VS. Exothermic
Endothermic Reactions will absorb the energy heat.
Exothermic Reactions will release the energy heat.
Properties of Fire:
The Physical Properties
•Specific Gravity- ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substances to the weight of an equal volume of water.
•Vapor Density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
• Boiling Point - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
•Vapor Pressure - the force exerted by the molecules in the surface of a liquid.
-pressure occurs depending on the head the intensity of heat. "More density of the heat more vapors is occurring"
•Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
•Flashpoint- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives before that burns momentarily.
•Fire point- the temperature at which the fuel continues the burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of initial has been removed: the fuel continues the burn.
The lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors will ignite without the use of a flame or spark is known as the "auto-ignition point."
Chemical process:
When there is a flush over, the temperature rises over normal.
Dust explosion also known as flashover.
• An endothermic reaction is one that occurs when heat is added or energy is observed before the reaction occurs.
Exothermic reactions produce compounds with less energy than their reactant counterparts because they release or donate energy (heat).
•Fire's chemical characteristics:
Exothermic chemical process known as oxidation occurs when combustible substance, or "fuel," reacts with oxidizing air.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid / liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
-Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water)
Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
-it is also the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
Boiling Point- The constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
Vapor Pressure- The force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
Properties of Fire
*Physical Properties
>Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.[Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water(less dense than water)]
>Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
;The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume gas as compared to the same volume of air.
;Material vapor density>1-Heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
;Material vapor densityAcetylene, Vapor density 0.9
>Anhydrous Ammonia Vapor Density 0.59 >Carbon Monoxide Vapor Density 0.96
*Boiling point- the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
What is Distinction between boiling point and Flashpoint?
1. When to sustain combustion? (Certain amount of vapor)
2. Do you need to have Flash point? (Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn)
3. Is the flash point is the same as the temperature? why?( No, You still need an external ignition source)
4. Liquids with lower Flash points is easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous
5. What is Boiling Point? (The Boiling Point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.)
Vapor Pressure- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
* Temperature - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
* Fire Point - the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are evolved fast enough to support combustion.
* Flash Point - the temperature at which a flammable liquid forms a vapor-air mixture that ignites(mixture with in the explosive range)
* Auto-ignition point of self - ignition point- the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame as spark.
Chemical reaction=
Normal temperature - increases temperature when there is a flush over.
Flashover - known as dust explosion.
> Endothermic reaction-changes where buy energy (heat) is observed are is added before the reaction takes place.
> Exothermic reaction-those that release or give of energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy done than reactants.
*Chemical Properties of Fire:
Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic, a chance in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing (air) react.
Flames
(PROPERTIES OF FIRE)
-SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio or the weight of solid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
-VAPOR DENSITY - weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air
-BOILING POINT - the temperature where the pressure of liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure
-VAPOR PRESSURE - force exerted by molecules
-TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation
-FLASHPOINT - lowest temperature that apply sparks to make fire momentarily
-FIRE POINT - fuel continues to burn even after the fire was removed
-AUTO IGNITION POINT - lowest temp and will ignite without application of spark
-FLASHOVER - dust explosion
-ENDOTHERMIC - absorbed energy
-EXOTHERMIC - release energy
-OXIDATION - a change in which fuel and air react.
Properties of Fire:
The Physical Properties
•Specific Gravity- ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substances to the weight of an equal volume of water.
•Vapor Density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
• Boiling Point - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
•When to sustain combustion? When certain amount of vapor.
• Do you need to have flash point? Which there will be enough vapor to sustain burn.
• What is boiling? Vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure: therefore the temperature at which liquid based will begin to transition to a gas.
•Vapor Pressure - the force exerted by the molecules in the surface of a liquid.
-pressure occurs depending on the head the intensity of heat. "More density of the heat more vapors is occurring"
•Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
•Flashpoint- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives before that burns momentarily.
•Fire point- the temperature at which the fuel continues the burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of initial has been removed: the fuel continues the burn.
•Auto- ignition point ourself ignition point the lowest temperature at which substance can be heated to release vapors will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
Chemical reaction:
Normal temperature- increases temperature when there is a flush over.
Flashover- known as dust explosion.
• Endothermic reaction-changes where buy energy (heat) is observed are is added before the reaction takes place.
• Exothermic reaction-those that release or give of energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy done than reactants.
•Chemical Properties of Fire:
Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic, a chance in which combustible material "fuel" and an oxidizing "air" react.
Physical Properties of Fire
Specific Gravity- ratio of weight of solid or liquid
-equal volume of water
-fuel floats on the top of water
-fuel still remain and the product still release on the top of water
Vapor Density- volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air
-air goes the same flow of the air
-greater than 1 heavier than air will sink and can smell easily
-less than 1 ligther than air will rise and difficult to smell.
Acetelyne- vapor density 0.9
Anhydrous Ammonia- 0.59 vapor density
Carbon Monoxide- 0.96 vapor density
Vapor Pressure- force exerted by molecules
-no specific pressure
-when heat apply vapor pressure increases until ignition temparature is reach
-more vapor occur when heat is intense
-the pressure of the gas being emitted by a liquid or solid when they are equillibrium the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation
Temperature- measure of degree
Boiling point- vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure
-temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transmission to gas
-when the water exposed to the heat the molecules breakaway, molecules keep absorbing heat and result to agressive movement that result collision,
-collision produce or increase the release of vapor
Fire point- fuel continues to burn
-even the ignition remove the fuel will continues to burn.
-more heat, more vapor
Flash Point- required the application of spark
-lowest temperature, gives off vapor
Auto Ignition Point and Self Ignition Point- lowest temperature
-without the application of flame and spark
Chemical Properties of Fire
Endothermic Reactions- absorbed energy
-Inhale
-absored energy to the surrounding that may result to the drops of energy surroundings
Exothermic Reactions- release energy
-Exhale
-release energy to the surrounding that cause the increase of energy in the surroundings
Oxidation- chemical change that is exothermic
Flame- incandescent gases
Properties of fire
The Physical Properties
1. Specific gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
• When the fuel still remains on the top of the water, that these products will float on top of water so they can continue to release vapors given the correct temperature
• Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several others products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water)
2. Vapor density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air the at the same temperature and pressure.
• The vapor density is the ratio of the density of the volume of a gas compared to the same volume of air
• Material vapor density greater than 1 heavier than air and then will sink and concentrate in low lying areas.
• Material vapor density less than one lighter than air and will rise and dissipate.
As the rule of thumb, there are gases there are lighter than in the common gases are bolded.
• Acetylene
Vapor density 0.9
• Anhydrous ammonia
Vapor density 0.95
• Carbon monoxide
Vapor density is 0.96
3. Boiling point - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
NOTE: when there is collision it will increases the production the release of the vapor
WHAT IS THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN BOILING POINT AND FLASH POINT?
• When two sustain combustion? Certain amount of vapor
• Do you need to have flash point? Yes, which there will be enough paper to sustain a brand
• Is the flash point being the same as the temperature? No
• Why? You still need an external ignition source
• Liquid with lower flashpoints are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous.
• What is boiling point? boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
4. Vapor pressure - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
5. Temperature - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
• Flashpoint - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily when flame or sparky is applied. A fuel can be instantly ignited thus producing a momentary fire. It requires here an application of spark since there is a lowest temperature
• Fire point - the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continues to burn. As the temperature increases, it continuously releases combustible vapors resulting to sustain burning (combustion)
• Auto ignition point or self-ignition point - the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
- Flash over (dust explosion)
Chemical Properties
• Endothermic reaction - changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the action take place. In an endothermic reaction energy is absorbed from the surroundings. As the result the temperature of the surrounding drops.
• Exothermic reactions - those that release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than the reactants. In an exothermic reaction energy is released into the surroundings as heat. As a result, temperature of the surrounding increases
• Oxidation - a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react.
• Flames - the result of the state, it is the visible when fire take place because FLAME is the incandescent gases.
Specific gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
Vapor density-the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
Boiling point-is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure hands it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition gas.
flash point- the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are fast enough to support combustion
•fire point- the temperature at which fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited.
You sent
Exothermic reactions- those that release or give off energy heat.
Oxidation- chemical change that exothermic, a change in which material.
FIRE PROTECTION & ARSON INVESTIGATION PART 2
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1. Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid / liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
-Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water)
2. Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
-it is also the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
3. Boiling Point- The constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
4. Vapor Pressure- The force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
5. Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
Federizo, Eugene (3C2)
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
(Physical properties)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY- ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the equal volume of water.
-fiel still remain on the top of water.
VAPOR DENSITY- weight of a volume of pure gas compared to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
-air goes the same flow of the air.
-material vapor density is greatert han 1- heavier than air and will sink.
-material vapor density is less than 1 - lighter than air an will rise.
Acetylene vapor density -0.9
Anhydrous ammonia - 0.59
Carbon monoxide - 0.96
Boiling point - constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
DISTINCTION BETWEEN BOILING POINT AN FLASH POINT
What is Boiling point?
- temperature at which vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
Vapor pressure - force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
-rate of eveporation is equal to the rate of condensation.
Temperature - measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
Flash point - lowest temperature at which substance gives vapor that burns momentarily.
- requirs application of spark.
Fire Point - temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continues to burn.
Auto/self-ignition point - the lowest temperature at which the substance can be heated to release vapoers that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
CHEMICAL REACTION
Endothermic Reactions - changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
Exothermic reactions - those that releases or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substance with less energy than the reactants.
Oxidation - a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
Specific gravity-it is the ratio of the weight of solid or liquid that the weight is equal to volume of a water.
Vapor density-the weight of volume of a pure gas composed to the volume of dry air
Vapor pressure-about the forces that being exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid
Temperature-the measure of the degree of the thermal agitation
Boiling point-break away the molecules,vapor pressure of liquid is equal too the atmospheric pressure.
Ignition/kindling temperature-its initiate combustion without application of flames or spark
Fire point-lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container,fuel as will continue to burn even after it has been ignited.
Flash point-mixture with in the explosive range,external ignition is need to flash point
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
Endothermic reaction-its absorb the energy
Endothermic reactions-its release the energy
Oxidation-it is the chemical change that is exothermic
Flames-it is an incandescent gases.
NOTE: flash over its is better known as duct explosion
The more heat,the more vapor may release
Properties of Fire
The Physical Properties
1. Specific Gravity - ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
-Fuel remain on top of the water.
2. Vapor Density- weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
-Vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
*Acetylene- vapor density 0.9
*Anhydrous Ammonia- vapor density 0.59
*Carbon Monoxide- vapor density 0.96
3. Boiling Point- constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
*When to sustain combustion? - Certain amount of vapor
*Do you need to have flash point? - Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn.
*Is the flash point same as the temperature? - No, because its still need an external ignition source.
*What is Boiling Point- is the temperature of which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature of which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
4. Vapor Pressure- force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
- Equilibrium
-The rate of vaporation is equal to the rate of condensation.
-There's no specific require pressure as long as it is required pressure.
-The pressure depends on the heat (higher intensity of heat, more vapor occurs)
5. Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
*Flash point- lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily.
*Fire point- temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited. That even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continues to burn.
*Auto-ignition point ot self-ignition point- the lowest temperature at which a substance can be treated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
-This happen when all the material burned.
*Endothermic Reactions- changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed
-Energy is absorbed from the surroundings.
*Exothermic Reactions- release or give off energy (heat)
-energy is released into the surroundinga as heat.
*Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react.
FIRE PROTECTION AND ARSON 2
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
∆ SPECIAL GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
* Fuel still remain top of the water
∆ FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS such as gasoline,diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water.
∆ VAPOR DENSITY- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
*The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
∆ MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
∆ MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
*Specific Gravitythe ratio or the weight of solid substance to the weight of an equal vplume of water
*Vapor Density- weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air
*Boiling Point-the temperature wehre the pressure of liquid is equal to atmospheric presure
*Vapor Pressure-force exerted by molecules
*Tempereature-the measure of the degree of thermal agitation
FLASHPOINT- lowest temperature that apply sparks to make fire momentarily
FIRE POINT- fuel continues to burn even after the fire was removed
AUTO IGNITION POINT-lowest temp and will igmite without application of spark
FLASHOVER-dust explosion
ENDOTHERMIC-absorbed energy
EXOTHERMIC-release energy
OXIDATION- a change in which fuel and air react.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
° Specific Gravity- ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
- flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other product have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) Remain on the top of water.
° Vapor Density -the weight of a volume of pare gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
- when material vapor density is >1, it is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
- when material vapor density is
‼️PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
🎈Specific Gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance
to the weight of an equal volume of water.
-THE FUEL REMAINS AT THE THE TOP OF THE WATER (FLAMMABLE LIQUID SUCH AS GASOLINE,DIESEL AND SEVERAL OTHER PRODUCTS HAVE A LOWER SPECIFIC GRAVITY THAN WATER. (LESS DENSE THAN WATER)
🎈Vapor density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the
volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
-MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1
•HEAVIER THAN AIR AND WILL SINK AND CONCENTRATE IN LOW-LYING AREAS.
-MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- Specific Gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
-flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water)
- Vapor Density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
- the vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
- material vapor density >1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
- material vapor density
Fire Protection and Arson Investigation Part 2
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
Specific Gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity.
Vapor density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
- Ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
- Material vapor density >1- heavier than air in low lying areas
- Material vapor density
Properties of Fire
Specific Gravity = ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
*Flammable Liquids have specific gravity which is less dense than water.
Vapor Density = ratio of density of a volume of gas compared to the same volume of air.
*If the material vapor density is heavier than air and will sink to low level areas.
*If the material vapor density is lighter than air and will rise and eventually dissipate.
~ Common gases lighter than air;
-Acetylene, Vapor Density 0.9
-Anhydrous Ammonia, Vapor Density 0.59
-Carbon Monoxide, Vapor Density 0.96
Boiling point
- constant temperature which the vapor pressure of liquid equates to the atmospheric pressure.
- The temperature which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
Flash point
- lowest temperature which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily.
- requires application of spark.
Fire point
- temperature which the fuel continues to burn after ignited even if the source of ignition is removed.
- as temperatures increase, it continuously release combustible vapors resulting to sustained burning(combustion).
Auto-ignition point/self-ignition Point
- lowest temperature which a substance can be heated without the application of a flame or spark.
- the time when there's still sufficient element to support the combustion there's possibility of reignition even without the use of flame or spark
Flashover
- known as dust explosion.
- located between normal temperature and flashpoint.
Oxidation
- chemical change that is exothermic.
- change in which combustible material(fuel) and oxidizing agent(air), reacts.
Flames - physical manifestation of fire.
Endothermic Reaction
- absorbs energy
- added before reaction takes place.
- cooler than surroundings.
- energy is absorbed from surroundings cooling it down
Exothermic Reaction
- release energy
- produce substance with less energy than reactants.
- hotter than surroundings.
- energy is released to the surroundings heating it up.
📌 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
1. SPECIFIC GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of equal volume of water. (The fuel still remain on the top of the water)
2. VAPOR DENSITY- weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
•MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas.
•MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
* SPECIFIC GRAVITY- ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
* VAPOR DENSITY - volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air
Acetylene= 0.9
Anhydrous= 0.59
Carbon Monoxide= 0.96
* VAPOR PRESSURE - force exerted by the molecules
* TEMPERATURE - measure of degree of thermal agitation
* BOILING PRESSURE - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure
* FLASH POINT - lowest temperature which a substance gives off vapor heat burns momentarily
* FIRE POINT - temperature increases, continous release of combustible vapors resulting to the sustain burning after it has been ignited.
* ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - absorbes energy
* EXOTHERMIC REACTION - releases or gives off energy (heat)
* OXIDATION- chemical change that is exothermic change, combustible material and oxidizing agent react
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
(THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
- Flammable liquid such as gasoline diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water)
VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure however if the material of vapor density is greater than one heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas if the material for density is less greater light greater than 1/3 and air will rise and dissipate
As the rule of the thumb there are gases that are lighter and the near the common gases are bolded.
ACETYLENE - vapor density 0.9
ANHYDROUS AMMONIA - vapor density is 0.59
CARBON MONOXIDE - vapor density 0.96
BOILING POINT- the consent letter at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure.
VAPOR PRESSURE- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface on the surface of a liquid.
TEMPERATURE- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
FLASHPOINT- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives of paper that burns momentarily.
FIRE POINT-the temperature at which fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed fuel continues to burn.
AUTO IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION POINT - the lowest temperature which a substance can be healed to release vapor that will ignite without the application of flame or a spark.
FLASHPOINT- lowest temperature at which a substance gives a paper . burst momentary with a flame or sparky supplied fuel can be instantly ignited does producing a momentary fine.
FIRE POINT- as temperature increases it continuously releases combustible papers inserting to sustain burning combustion.
FLASH OVER- it is better known as dust explosion.
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS
say this world by energy heat is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
those that release or give of energy heat does tapered the substances with less energy than the reactants.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE.
OXIDATION- a chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material fuel and oxidizing agent air reacts.
FLAMES
Properties of Fire: the Physical Properties
Specific Gravity -ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
-flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water)
Vapor Density -weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
-vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of a gas as compared to the same volume of air
-material vapor density >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
-material vapor density
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
•Physical Properties
1. Specific Gravity- The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
(Fuel floats in the surface of water)
-Flamable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water. (Less dense than water)
2. Vapor Density- The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
•Material vapor density>1- Heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
•Material Vapor
The Physical Properties of Fire
-Specific Gravity- ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substances to the weight of an equal volume of water.
-Vapor Density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
-Boiling Point - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
•When to sustain combustion?
-When certain amount of vapor.
• Do you need to have flash point?
-Which there will be enough vapor to sustain burn.
• What is boiling?
-Vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure: therefore, the temperature at which liquid based will begin to transition to a gas.
-Vapor Pressure - the force exerted by the molecules in the surface of a liquid.
-Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
-Flashpoint- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives before that burns momentarily.
-Fire point- the temperature at which the fuel continues the burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of initial has been removed: the fuel continues the burn.
-Auto- ignition point is the ignition point the lowest temperature at which substance can be heated to release vapors will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
1.Chemical reaction:
-Normal temperature- increases temperature when there is a flush over.
-Flashover- known as dust explosion.
-Endothermic reaction-changes where buy energy (heat) is observed are is added before the reaction takes place.
-Exothermic reaction-those that release or give of energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy done than reactants.
2.Chemical Properties of Fire:
Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic, a chance in which combustible material "fuel" and an oxidizing "air".
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
The Physical Properties
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
- ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
VAPOR DENSITY
- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed yo the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
BOILING POINT
- the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
WHEN TO SUSTAIN COMBUSTION?
- When there is a certain amount of vapor.
DO YOU NEED TO HAVE FLASHPOINT?
- Yes, there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn.
WHAT IS BOILING POINT?
- Vapor pressure is EQUAL to atmospheric pressure. Hence is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to gas.
VAPOR PRESSURE
- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
- when there is a HIGHER INTENSITY OF HEAT, MORE VAPOR pressure is occurring.
TEMPERATURE
- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
FLASHPOINT
- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives vapor that burns momentarily.
FIRE POINT
- the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continues to burn.
AUTO - IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION POINT
- the LOWEST TEMPERATURE at which substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a FLAME or SPARK.
- it has the lowest temperature but does not require the application of flame or spark
CHEMICAL REACTION
- from NORMAL TEMPERATURE increases temperature when there is a FLASHOVER.
FLASHOVER
- known as dust explosion, located between the normal temperature and flash point.
ENDOTHERMIC REACTION
- changes whereby energy (HEAT) is ABSORBED or is added before the reaction takes place.
EXOTHERMIC REACTION
- those that RELEASE or GIVE OFF ENERGY (HEAT) thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants.
OXIDATION
- a chemical change that is exothermic, a chance in which combustible material (FUEL) and an oxidizing (AIR) react.
Properties of Fire
The Physical Properties
*SPECIFIC GRAVITY- ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substances to the weight of an equal volume of water.
-flammable liquids such as gasoline,diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water(less dense than water)
*VAPOR DENSITY- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
*BOILING POINT - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
When to sustain combustion?
-When certain amount of vapor.
Do you need to have flash point? -Which there will be enough vapor to sustain burn.
What is boiling?
Vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure: therefore the temperature at which liquid based will begin to transition to a gas.
VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules in the surface of a liquid.
*TEMPERATURE- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
FLASHPOINT- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives before that burns momentarily.
*FIRE POINT- the temperature at which the fuel continues the burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of initial has been removed: the fuel continues the burn.
Auto- ignition point ourself ignition point the lowest temperature at which substance can be heated to release vapors will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
Chemical reaction:
Normal temperature- increases temperature when there is a flush over.
FLASHOVER-known as dust explosion.
* Endothermic reaction-changes where buy energy (heat) is observed are is added before the reaction takes place.
* Exothermic reaction-those that release or give of energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy done than reactants.
Chemical Properties of Fire:
OXIDATION- a chemical change that is exothermic, a chance in which combustible material "fuel" and an oxidizing "air" react.
Properties of Fire
SPECIFIC GRAVITY- THE RATIO OF FUEL IS ALWAYS ON THE REMAIN TO THE TOP OF WATER
VAPOR DENSITY- THE WEIGHT OF GASSES THAT IS FLOW TOGTHER WITH AIR
BOILING POINT- THE PRESSURE OF LIQUID IS EQUAL TO THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.
VAPOR PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE
FLASHPOINT IS LOWEST TEMPERATURE NEEDS TO APPLY FLAME OR SPARK
FIREPOINT WHEN THE COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL SUSTAIN BY RELEASING VAPOR
AUTO-IGNITION POINT- IT HAS ALREADY ACCOMPANIED BY HEAT AND IT CAN REIGNITE AUTOMATICALLY WHEN IT IS SUPPLIED OXYGEN .
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS ABSORBED ENERGY AND EXOTHERMIC REACTION RELEASES ENERGY
Keynotes
Mendoza, Lovely Jeanice M.
3c1
🚩Physical Properties
Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
Vapor density- is the ratio of density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air
Acetylene - 0.9
Anhydrous- 0.59
Carbon Monoxide- 0.96
🚩Boiling Point - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure
Vapor pressure- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of the liquid.
Temperature- measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules
Flashpoint- lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor.
Firepoint- fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited
Endothermic reactions- energy(heat) is been absorbed or added before the reaction take place
Exothermic reaction- the release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants
Oxidations- chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material( fuel) and an oxidizing agent( air) react.
Properties of Fire
* Specific gravity is the ratio or the weight oppa solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
Note: Flammable liquids have lower is specific gravity than water.
*Vapor density is the weight of a volume of pure gas composed of the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
NOTE:
* WHEN THE MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY IS LESS THAN 1 IT IS HEAVIER THAN AIR AND WILL SINK AND CONCENTRATE IN THE LOW-LYING AREAS.
* WHEN THE MATERIAL BEFORE DENSITY IS GREATER THAN 1 IT IS LIGHTER THAN AIR AND WILL RISE AND DISSIPATE.
Rule of the Thumb: this rule says that there are gases lighter than air.
Acetylene vapor density of 0.9.
Anhydrous ammonia vapor density of 0.59.
Carbon monoxide has vapor density of 0.96
Boiling point is the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. It is the phase where liquid will begin to transition to gas.
When to sustain combustion? If there is certain amount of vapor.
Do you need to have flash point? Yes which there will be enough before to sustain burn.
Is the flashpoint the same as the temperature? No.
Why? Because you still need an external ignition point.
Note: liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous.
Vapor pressure is the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of liquid.
Temperature is the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
Flashpoint is the lowest temperature at which the substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily.
Firepoint is the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed the fuel continues to burn.
Auto ignition point or self-ignition point is the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release be force that will ignite without the application of a flame or a spark.
Endothermic reaction is the changes whereby energy or the heat is absorbed or is added before the action takes place.
Exothermic reactions are those that release or give of energy or heat does they produce substances with less energy than the reactants.
Oxidation is the chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material or the fuel and an oxidizing agent react.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
* SPECIFIC GRAVITY
- The ratio of the weight o a solid or liquid substance
- Weight of an equal
-Volume of water
*VAPOR DENSITY
- The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
* Material vapor densuty >1 Heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas.
*Material vapor density
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
Specia Gravity - The weight of a solid or liquid substance in relation to the weight of an equivalent volume of water • Vapor Density - The weight of a volume of pure gas compared to a volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
Vapor Pressure- is the force that molecules produce.
Temperature-The degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
Temperature - measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
Boiling point- its vapor pressure equals that of the atmosphere.
Auto Ignition- The lowest temperature at which a substance may be heated to create vapor that will ignite naturally without the need of a flame or spark.
Fire point-Fuel at a fire point keeps burning even after being lit.
Flash point- The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
• Endothermic reactions- hitter than surroundings
• Exothermic reactions - cooler than surroundings
• Oxidation reactions- chemical change - combustible material and oxidizing agent react
• Flame- incandescent - glowing with intense heat
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight and equal volume of water.
(flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than the water)
VAPOR DENSITY
The weight of a volume pure of gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temp. And pressure.
Material vapor density >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
Material vapor density
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
*SPECIFY GRAVITY - ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
- flammable liquids have a lower specific gravity than water (less density)
* VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY > 1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas
MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY < 1 - lighter than air and will rise and dissapite
BOILING POINT - constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas
When to sustain combustion? When there is certain amount of vapor
Do you need to have flash point? Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn
Is the flash point is the same as the temperature? No, because you still need an external ignition source. There must be an application of spark
* VAPOR PRESSURE - forced exerted by molecules on the surface of a liquid
* TEMPERATURE - measure the degree of a thermal agitation of molecules
* FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily
*AUTO IGNITION POINT/SELF IGNITION POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without application of a flame or spark
*FIRE POINT - as temperature increases, it continuously releases vapors to sustain burning
*ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place
*EXOTHERMIC REACTION - releases or give off energy
* OXIDATION - chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible materials and oxidizing agent react
Fire Protection and Arson Investigation Part 2 Key Notes
Physical Properties of Fire:
1. Specific Gravity - ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
- Flammable liquids have lower specific gravity.
2. Vapor Density - weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air
- When material vapor density is greater than 1, it is heavier than air and will sink.
- When material vapor density is less than 1, it is lighter than air and will rise and dissipate.
3. Boiling point - constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure
Sustain combustion when there is certain amount of vapor.
Flash point is need to have enough vapor to sustain a burn.
Flash point is not the same as temperature.
Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and dangerous
4. Vapor pressure - force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid
5. Temperature - measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules
6. Flash Point - lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily
7. Fire point - temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited
8. Self-ignition point/Auto ignition point - lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated
Chemical Properties:
1. Oxidation - chemical change that is exothermic
• Flashover is better known as dust explosion.
• Endothermic Reactions - changes whereby energy heat is absorbed
• Exothermic Reactions - those that release or give off energy
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
The Physical Properties
*Specific gravity- the ratio of the weight of the solid or liquid substance
*Vapor Density -volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
Material vapor density less than 1- higher than air will sink
Material vapor density greater than 1- lighter than air and will
Gases That Is Lighter Than Air
1 . Acetylene- vapor density 0.9
2. Anydrous ammonia- vapor density 0.59
3. Carbon monoxide - vapor density 0.96
*Boiling point - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
*Vapor pressure-first exerted by no molecules on the surface of the liquid.
* Temperature - The measure of the degree of terminal agitation and molecules.
*Flash Point - lowest temperature at which substance gives of vapor.
*Firepoint- fuel is continuously to burn after it has been ignited.
*Autoignition ourself ignition point - substance can be heated to release papers that will ignite without application of flame or spark..
Endothermic reaction- energy ( heat ) is absurd.
Exothermic reaction -list of give of energy .
Oxidation - chemical change that is exothermic
FIRE PROTECTION AND ARSON 2
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
SPECIAL GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
* Fuel still remain top of the water
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS such as gasoline,diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water.
VAPOR DENSITY- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
*The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
The Physical Properties
specific gravity- flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have lower gravity than water (less dense than water)
vapor density- the air goes the same flow of air
boiling point- it's the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure
vapor pressure- the rate of the evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation
temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules
fire point- the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited
flashpoint- it occurs here the application of a spark
To burn a fuel (combustible material) each temperature must be raised until the ignition point is e reached. Thus, before a fuel starts to burn or before it can be ignited it must be exposed to a certain degree of temperature. when the temperature of a certain substance is very high it releases highly combustible vapors known as free radicals (combustible vapors) such as hydrogen gas carbon monoxide carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
The Chemical Properties
Endothermic Reactions- changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place
Exothermic Reactions- those that release or give off energy thus they produce less energy than the reactants
Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material and an oxidizing agent react
Flames- flames are incandescent (very bright or glowing with intense heat) gases
FIRE PROTECTION AND ARSON 2
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIAL GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
-fuel still remain top of the water
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS such as gasoline,diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water)
VAPOR DENSITY- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
(goes to the same flow of the air.
*The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
*SPECIFIC GRAVITY- ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
*VAPOR DENSITY- weight of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature.
*BOILING POINT- constant temperature at which tha vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
•When to sustain combustion? Certain amount of vapor.
•Do you need to have flashpoint? Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn.
•Is the flashpoint is the same as the temperature?Why? No, you still need an external ignition source
•Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous
*VAPOR PRESSURE- force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
*TEMPERATURE- measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
*FLASH POINT- lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily.
*FIRE POINT- temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has ignited.
*AUTO-IGNITION POINT- lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
*ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS- energy is absorbed.
*EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS- release or give off energy.
*OXIDATION- chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustile material (fuel) and oxidizing agent (air), react.
Properties of Fire
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
> SPECIFIC GRAVITY
the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume
NOTE: the fuel remain on the top of the water that there products will float on the top of water so they can continue to release vapors given the correct temperature.
> VAPOR DENSITY
the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
NOTE: material vapor density is greater than 1 is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying area while, when material vapor density is less than 1 it is lighter than air and will rise and dissipate.
RULE OF THUMB:
there are gases that are lighter than air. the common gases are BOLDED.
> BOILING POINT
the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure
DISTINCTION BETWEEN BOILING POINT AND FLASH POINT
- to sustain combustion, certain amount of vapor is needed
- flash point is needed, to sustain a burn
NOTE: liquids with lower flash point are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous.
>VAPOR PRESSURE
the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid
NOTE: when they are in equilibrium the rate of the evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation
- when heat is applied before pressure increase and the ignition temperature is reached
>TEMPERATURE
the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
>FLASH POINT
the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor and burns momentarily
NOTE: requires an application of spark since there is a lowest temperature only or it has lowest temperature.
>FIREPOINT
the temp. at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continues to burn.
>AUTO/SELF IGNITION POINT
the lowest temp. at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or sparks
NOTE: material is already burn with possibility to re-ignite
FLASH OVER
- best known as DUST EXPLOSION
- located between the normal temperature and flashpoint
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS
- change whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
-energy is absorbed from the surroundings
-as a result, the temperature of the surroundings drops.
EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
-those that releases or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than the reactants.
- releases energy (heat)
- hotter than the surroundings
OXIDATION
- a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air), react.
MILLARES, Lyrene B. 3C2
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
• ratio of the weight of solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
• When the fuel remains on the top of the water so they can continue to release a vapor given the correct temperature.
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
• like gasoline, petroleum has lower specific gravity than water
VAPOR DENSITY
• weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
•
MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
• if the material vapor density is greater than 1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
• if the material vapor density is less than 1 lighter than air and will rise and dissipate
GASES THAT LIGHTER THAN AIR:
1. Acetylene- 0.9
2. Anhydrous Ammonia- 0.59
3. Carbon Monoxide- 0.96
When to sustain combustion?
When it has a certain amount of vapor
Do you need to have a flash point?
Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain burn.
Is the flash point being same of the temperature?
No, because it still needs an external ignition source.
• Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous flammable away requires low degree of temperature and Fahrenheit.
BOILING POINT
• constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
• Breakaway of molecules.
VAPOR PRESSURE (produce depending on the heat/ intensity)
• the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid
TEMPERATURE
• the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules
FLASH POINT
• the lowest temperature is which substance gives off vapor momentarily when flame or spark is applied.
• requires the application of flame or spark
• lowest temperature on which substance gives off vapor that burns constantly
FIRE POINT
• temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited
• fuels continue to burn after it has been ignited even the source of ignition
• as temperature increases, it continuously releases combustible vapors resulting to sustain burning (combustion)
AUTO- IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION POINT
• lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of flame or spark.
FLASH OVER- dust explosion.
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS
• changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place
• absorb
EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
• those that release or gives off energy thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants
• release
OXIDATION
• chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material and an oxidizing agent
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
◽ SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
◽ VAPOR DENSITY -the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
MATERIAL VAPOR
• it is also the ratio the density of a volume of gas as compared to the volume of air.
•heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
•Lighter than air and will rise and dissipate
◽ BOILING POINT - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure.
◽ VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
◽ TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
•FLASH POINT -lowest temperature
•FIRE POINT - fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited.
>AUTO-ignition point or self-ignition point
-the lowest temperature
-Substance can be heated
-without the application of a flame or spark.
FLASH POINT
Lowest Temperature > a fuel can be instantly ignited this producing a momentary fire.
FIRE POINT
As the temperature increases, it continuously releases combustible vapors.
-the more heat the more vapor can that can be released.
AUTO-IGNITION POINT or SELF- IGNITION POINT
Lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
ENDOTHERMIC REACTION
-changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed.
EXOTHERMIC REACTION
-those that release or give off energy (heat)
OXIDATION - chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY- The weight of a solid or liquid substance in relation to the weight of an equivalent volume of water
VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of a volume of pure gas compared to a volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
-Vapor density of acetylene is 0.9
VAPOR PRESSURE- is the force that molecules produce.
TEMPERATURE- The degree of thermal agitation of molecules
BOILING POINT- its vapor pressure equals that of the atmosphere.
AUTO IGNITION- The lowest temperature at which a substance may be heated to create vapor that will ignite naturally without the need of a flame or spark.
•FIRE POINT- Fuel at a fire point keeps burning even after being lit.
•FLASH POINT- The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize
Chemical properties of Fire
•Endothermic reactions- energy is absorbed from the surroundings
•Exothermic reactions- energy is release into the surroundings as heat
•Oxidation-chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material and oxidizing agent react.
Flames- are incandescent gases.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• SPECIFIC GRAVITY-the ratio of the weight of solid or liquid substance to theweight of an equal volume water
Flammable liquid- less dense( gravity) than water
• VAPOR DENSITY- the weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature.
Material vapor density>1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low - lying areas
MVD
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
-flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water)
VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
- the vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
- material vapor density >1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
- material vapor density
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
1. SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance.
2. VAPOR DENSITY- weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
- is the ratio the density of a volume of gas compared to the same volume of air
*MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
*MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of equal volume of water
NOTE: the fuel remain on the top of the water so they can continue to release vapor given with the correct temperature.
FLAMMABLE LIQUID:
Gasoline
Diesel
And other products have a lower gravity than water
VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of the volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same pressure and temperature
NOTE: Gas flow as the same volume of air
VAPOR DESSITY - Ratio of the volume of gas compare to the same volume of air
HOWEVER: Material vapor density > 1 ( easy to smell)
Mean: It heavier than air so it sink and concentrate in the low lying areas
Material vapor density < 1 ( hard to smell)
Maans: its lighter than air so its rise
As a rule of thumb there are gasses that are lighter than air. The common gases are bolded
Acetylene VD; 0.9
Anhydrous ammonia VD: 0.59
Carbon monoxide VD: 0.96
BOILING POINT: constant temperature of which vapor pressure of liquid equal to the atmosphere pressure
WHEN TO SUSTAIN VAPOR? If there are certain amount of vapor
DO YOU NEED TO HAVE FLASH POINT? Yes! Which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn
IS THE FLASH POINT IS SAME AS THE TEMPERATURE? No! Because you will need external ignition of source
Liquid with more flash point are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous
WHAT IS BIOLING POINT: the boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
VAPOR PRESSURE - The pressure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules
FLASH POINT - The lowest temperature at which a substance gives vapor that burn momentarily
And its requires application of spark
FIRE POINT-- The temperature in which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed the fuel continues to burn
AUTO/SELF IGNITION POINT - lowest temperature doesn’t have application id spark to burn
DIFFRENCE BETWEEN FLASH POINT, FIRE POINT AND AUTO/SELD IGNITION POINT
FLASH POINT - lowest temperature , requires application of spark
FIRE POINT - temperature increase, continues release of vapor that can sustain burn
AUTO/SELF IGNITION POINT- lowest temperature, its ignited without application of spark
EDNOTHERMIC REACTION- Every energy heat absorbed, happen before the reaction take place.
EXOTHERMIC REACTION- energy been release
OXIDATION- Chemical change that exothermic reaction, changes in whicb combustible material ( fuel) and oxidizing agent ( air ) react
------PROPERTIES OF FIRE----
✓Specific Gravity = ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
"Flammable Liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several have lower specific gravity which is less dense than water.
✓ Vapor Density = ratio of density of a volume of gas compared to the same volume of air.
*If the material vapor density >1 is heavier than air and will sink to low level areas.
*If the material vapor density
FIRE AND ARSON INV.
EXCONDE, RENDEL ALLEN G.
Vapor density
- weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
Acetylene 0.9
Anhydrous Ammonia 0.59
Carbon Monoxide 0.96
Vapor pressure - force exerted by the molecules.
Temperature
- measure of degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
Boiling point
- vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
Auto ignition
- the lowest temperature at which a substance cam be heated to release vapor that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark .
Fire point
- fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited.
- as temperature increases,it continuously release combustible vapors
Flash point
- the lowest temperature at which the substance gives of vapor.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
Endothermic Reaction
- energy (heat) is absorbed.
- hotter than surroundings
Exothermic Reactions
- release or give off energy.
- cooler than surroundings
Oxidation
- a chemical that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent(air) react.
Flames are manifestation of fire.
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
● SPECIFIC GRAVITY - The ratio of the weight of sa solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
● VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
MATERIAL VAPOR
• It is also the ratio the density of a volume of gas as compared to the volume of air.
°Heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying ares.
°Lighter than air and will rise and dissipate.
ACETYLENE - Vapor density 0.9
ANHYDROUS AMMONIA- Vapor density 0.59
CARBON MONOXIDE - Vapor density 0.96
● BOILING POINT - The constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure.
● VAPOR PRESSURE - The force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
● TEMPERATURE - The measure of the degree of thermla agitation of molecules.
● AUTO IGNITION- The lowest temperature atwhich a substance may be heated to create vapor that will ignite naturally without the need of
a flame or spark.
● FIRE POINT- Fuel at a fire point keeps burningeven after being lit.
● FLASH POINT- The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize.
●ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS
- Changes whereby energy heat is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
- Absorb energy
- Energy released into the sorroundings increase
●EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
- Those that release or give off energy heat thus they procedure substance with less energy than reactions.
- Release energy
- Energy is absorbed from the sorroundings
- Temperature of the sorroundings drops
●OXIDATION chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and oxidizing agent (air).
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
1. Specific gravity -ratio of the weight of solid or liquid substance to the weight of equal volume of water
-fuel still remain on the top of the water
2. Vapor Density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at same temperature and pressure
•common gases are bolded
-Acetylene, vapor density 0.9
-Anhydrous Ammonia, vapor density 0.59
Carbon monoxide, vapor density 0.96
Boiling point- vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
-is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
•When to sustain combustion?
-certain amount of vapor
•Do you need to have flash point?
-yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn
•Is the flash point is the same as the temperature? Why?
-No because it still need an external ignition source
Vapor pressure- the pressure of the gas being emitted by a liquid or gas
-when heat is applied vapor pressure increases until ignition temperature is reach
Flash point- lowest temp. Substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily
-it requires the application of spark
Fire point- fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited
Auto-ignition point or self-ignition point
-lowest temp. At which a substance can be heated to release vapor that will ignite without the application of flame or spark
- it is happen when the material is already burn
Flashover- better known as dust explosion
Temperature- measure the degree of thermal agitation of molecules
Chemical properties of Fire
•Endothermic reactions- energy is absorbed from the surroundings
•Exothermic reactions- energy is release into the surroundings as heat
•Oxidation-chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material and oxidizing agent react.
Flames- are incandescent gases.
Properties of Fire
1) Specific Gravity- ratio of weight of solid or liquid substance to the weight of equal volume of water.
2) Vapor Density- weight of a voulume of pure gas composed to volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
Material Vapor Density >1 -heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas.
Material Vapor Density
Properties of Fire :
The Physical Properties
>Specific Gravity - ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substances to the weight of an equal volume of water.
> Vapor Density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed yo the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure n
> Boiling Point - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
•When to sustain combustion? When certain amount of vapor.
• Do you need to have flashpoint? Yes which there will be enough vapor to sustain burn.
What is boiling? Vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure: hence is the temperature at which liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
> Vapor pressure - the force exerted by the molecules in the surface of a liquid.
- pressure occurs depending on the head, the intensity of heat. ( More density of heat ,more vapors is occuring.
> Temperature - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
> Flashpoint - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives vapor that burns momentarily.
> Fire point - the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed; the fuel continues to burn.
> Auto - ignition point or self ignition point - the lowest temperature at which substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
Chemical Reaction:
Normal temperature - increases temperature when there is a flash over.
Flashover - known as dust explosion
> Endothermic Reaction - changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
Exothermic reaction - those that release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants.
Chemical Properties of fire:
> Oxidation - a chemical change that is exothermic, a chance in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing (air) react.
FIRE PROTECTION AND ARSON INVESTIGATION 2.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
**SPECIFIC GRAVITY
- THE RATIO of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
**FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
Such gasoline, diesel, and several other products have lower specific gravity than water. (less dense than water). remains on the top of the water(ex. Lard)
-VAPOR DENSITY
-the weight of a volume of pure gas composed of the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
*MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY > 1 - HEAVIER than air and will SINK and concentrate in low-lying areas
- when material density is greater tham 1
- It goes on the low area
-If it is in less than 1 it is LIGHTER than air and will RISE and dissipate
- Hard to smell
RULE OF THUMB- There are gases that are lighter than air, common gases are BOLDED
ACETYLENE - 0.9
ANHYDROUS AMMONIA - 0.59
CARBON MONOXIDE - 0.96
DISTINCTION BETWEEN BOILING POINT AND FLASHPOINT
*WHAT IS BOILING POINT
-the BOILING POINT is the TEMPERATURE at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, hence it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to gas.
**VAPOR PRESSURE
-the force exerted by the MOLECULES on the SURFACE of a LIQUID, when heat is applied, VAPOR PRESSURE INCREASES, and ignition temperature is reached.
**TEMPERATURE
-a measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules
**FLASH POINT
-requires here the application of spark, since there is the lowest temperature
**FIRE POINT
-the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited-that even if the source of ignition has been removed the fuel continues to burn.
**AUTO-IGNITION POINT or SELF-IGNITION POINT
- The lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
**DISTINCTION BETWEEN FLASHPOINT, FIRE POINT, SELF-IGNITION POINT**
**FLASHPOINT
-lowest temp, requires the application of sparks
**FIRE POINT
-as temp increases, it releases vapor. More heat more vapor is released. When there’s more heat, there’s a possibility of complete combustion
**AUTO IGNITION- SELF-IGNITION POINT
-low temp but does not require the spark and ignition. Just need some elements that will support the combustion (heat or oxygen)
**DISTINCTION BETWEEN ENDOTHERMIC AND EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS**
**ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS
-CHANGES whereby ENERGY(HEAT) IS ABSORBED or is added before the reaction takes place. it absorbs energy
**EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
-those that RELEASE OR GIVE OFF ENERGY(HEAT) thus produce substances with less energy that the reactants. it releases energy
**OXIDATION
- a CHEMICAL CHANGE that is EXOTHERMIC a change in which COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL (FUEL) and an OXIDIZING AGENT (AIR), REACT.
Physical properties of Fire
•specific gravity- ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
•vapor density- weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temp and pressure.
•vapor pressure- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid
•boiling point- constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to be atmospheric pressure.
When to sustain combustion?-certain amount of vapor
•flash point- the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are eveolved fast enough to support combustion
•fire point- the temperature at which fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited.
Auto-ignition point or self-ignited point
-endothermic reactions- changes whereby energy heat is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
Exothermic reactions- those that release or give off energy heat.
Oxidation- chemical change that exothermic, a change in which combustile material
📍PROPERTIES OF FIRE📍
📌THE PHYSICAL PROPERTY
SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ration of the weight of the solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific
gravity than water (less dense less water). It remain on the surface of the water.
📌VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of
pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
- When the material vapor density is >1 , it is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
- When material vapor density is less than one, it is lighter than air and will rise and dissipate.
As a rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air.
📌The common gases bolded.
-Acetylyne (vapor density 0.9)
- Anhydrous Ammonia (vapor density 0.59)
- Carbon monoxide (vapor density 0.96)
📌BOILING POINT the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the to the atmospheric pressure.
Example, boiling water, water is exposed to heat causing the breakaway of molecules. When molecules absorb there will be an aggressive movement that causes colision and increase in the production of vapor.
- It is the temperature that which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
When to sustain a combustion?
-it will sustain cumbustion when there is certain amount of vapor.
Do you need to have a flash point?
- Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn.
ls the flash point is the same as the temperature?
- No because you still need an external ignition source where there must be an application of spark.
Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous.
📌VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. Pressure occurs depending on the intensity of heat equals to more vapor pressure occurs. HEAT IS APPLIED THE VAPOR PRESSURE INCREASES AND THE IGNITION TEMPERATURE IS REACHED.
📌TEMPERATURE
- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
📌FLASH POINT
- the lowest temperature at
which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily. It requires an application of spark.
📌FIRE POINT
- the temperature at which the
fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited; that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continuous to burn.
📌AUTO IGNITION POINT OR SELF IGNITION
POINT
- The lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of flame or spark.
📍DISTINCTION
📌FLASH POINT
- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily; requires an application of spark.
📌FIRE POINT
- the temperature at which the
fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited; that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continuous to burn.
📌AUTO IGNITION POINT OR SELF IGNITION
POINT
-The lowest temperature at whicha substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of flame or spark.
📌Flash point - Happens when the material is partialy or
already burned.
📌FLASH OVER - known as the dust explosion, located between normal and flashpoint.
📍THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
📌ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS
- changes whereby the energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place. It absorbs energy.
- Energy absorbed from the surroundings as a result temperature of surroundings drop.
📌EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
- those that release or gives off energy (heat) thus they produce substance with less energy than the reactants release energy.
-The energy is release into the surroundings as heat. As a result, the temperature of the surroundings increases
📌OXIDATION
- a chemical change that is exothermic change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (ain) react.
- There is actually exothermic when there is oxidation.
📌FLAMES- a burning gas or vapor.
PHYSICAL PROPERTY OF FIRE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. The fuel remain top of the water
VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of the volume of pure gas composed to the volume of the dry air at the same temperature and pressure. It goes the same flow of the air.
VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules. It increase until the ignition temperature is risk.
TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
BOILING POINT- When the water is exposed to heat it will cause break away molecules. Equal to the atmosphere pressure.
FIRE POINT - Fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed.
FLASH POINT - lowest temperature at which a substance given off vapor that burns momentarily.
AUTO IGNITION POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
IS THE FLASHPOINT IS THE SAME AS THE TEMPERATURE? No, Why? because you still need an external ignition source.
ENDOTHERMIC REACTION - its absorb energy.
EXOTHERMIC REACTION - its release or give off energy
• PROPERTIES OF FIRE
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTY
SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ration of the weight of the solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense less water). It remain on the top of the water.
VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
When the material vapor density is greater than one, it is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
When material vapor density is less than one, it is lighter than air and will rise and dissipate.
- As a rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air.
The common gases bolded.
- Acetylyne (vapor density 0.9)
- Anhydrous Ammonia (vapor density 0.59)
- Carbon monoxide (vapor density 0.96)
BOILING POINT - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the to the atmospheric pressure.
Example, boiling water, water is exposed to heat causing the breakaway of molecules. When molecules absorb there will be an aggressive movement that causes collision and increase in the production of vapor.
- It is the temperature that which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
When to sustain a combustion?
When there is certain amount of vapor.
Do you need to have a flash point?
Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn.
Is the flash point is the same as the temperature?
No because you still need an external ignition source where there must be an application of spark. Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous.
VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. Pressure occurs depending on the intensity of heat = more vapor pressure occurs.
TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily; requires an application of spark.
FIRE POINT - the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited; that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continuous to burn.
AUTO IGNITION POINT OR SELF IGNITION POINT
- The lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of flame or spark. Happens when the material is partially or already burned.
FLASH OVER - known as the dust explosion, located between normal and flashpoint.
THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS - changes whereby the energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place; absorbs energy.
- The energy is absorbed from the surroundings. As a result the temperature of surroundings drops.
EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS - those that release or gives off energy (heat) thus they produce substance with less energy than the reactants; release energy
- The energy is release into the surroundings as heat. As a result, the temperature of the surroundings increases.
OXIDATION - a chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react.
FLAMES - incandescent gases.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
The Physical Properties
✓ SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water). Remain on the top of water
✓ VAPOR DENSITY - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
• When material vapor density is greater than one, it is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
• When material vapor density is less than one, it is lighter than air and will rise and dissipate.
~As a rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air. The common gases are bolded.
🔸Acetylyne (vapor density 0.9)
🔸Anhydrous Ammonia (vapor density0.59)
🔸Carbon Monoxide (vapor density 0.96)
✓ BOILING POINT - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
Ex. Boiling water, water is exposed to heat causing the break away of molecules. When molecules absorb heat there will be an aggressive movement that causes collision and increase in the production of vapor.
- It is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition to a gas.
* When to sustain combustion?
When there is certain amount of vapor.
* Do you need to have a flash point?
Yes, which there will be enough vapor to sustain a burn.
* Is the flash point is the same as the temperature?
No, because you still need an external ignition source where there must be an application of spark.
Liquids with lower flash points are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous.
✓VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
Pressure occurs depending on the intensity of heat .
Higher intensity of heat = more vapor pressure occurs
✓TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules
✓ FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily
- requires an application of spark
✓ FIRE POINT - the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited-that even if the source of ignition has been removed, the fuel continues to burn.
AUTO-IGNITION POINT OR SELF IGNITION POINT
- the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. Happens when the material is partially or already burned.
FLASHOVER - known as the dust explosion, located between normal temperature and flashpoint
The Chemical Properties
✓ ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS - changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place
- absorbs energy
-The energy is absorbed from the surroundings. As a result, the temperature of the surrounding drops.
✓ EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS - those that release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than the reactants
-release energy
- The energy is released into the surroundings as heat. As a result, the temperature of the surrounding increases.
✓ OXIDATION - a chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react .
✓ FLAMES - incandescent gases
*PROPERTIES OF FIRE*
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• SPECIFIC GRAVITY
-The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume.
(THE FUEL WILL RWMAIN ON THE TOP OF THE WATER)
*Flammable Liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water).
• VAPOR DENSITY
- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed of the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. ( Same weight of volume of the pure gas and air)
- is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the volume of air.
- Material Vapor Density is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate low-lying areas. ( You can still smell got a fuel well it goes in lower area)
- Material Vapor Density is lighter than air and will raise and dissipate. ( Hard to smell)
“As a rule of thumb, there are the gases that are lighter than air. The common are bolded”.
ACETYLENE ( Vapor Density 0.9)
ANHYDROUS AMMONIA ( Vapor Density 0.59)
CARBON MONOXIDE ( Vapor Density 0. 96)
• BOILING POINT
-The constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquids is equal to the atmospheric pressure. ( ex. Boiling a water when the water exposed to heat that it will cause to break away of the molecules)
QUESTION:
1) When to sustain combustion? CERTAIN AMOUNT OF VAPOR
2) Do you need to have Flashpoint? NO, you still need an external ignition source.
3) Liquid with lower flashpoint are easier to burn at room temperature and therefore more dangerous? FLAMMABLE REQUIRE DEGREE TERMS OF FAHRENHEIT
• VAPOR PRESSURE
-The force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid. ( The rate of the evaporation is equal to the rate of combustion, depending on the heat)
• TEMPERATURE
-The measure of the degree is thermal agitation of molecules.
• FLASHPOINT
-The lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily. ( When flame or spark is applied)
• FIREPIONT
-Temperature which the fuel continuous to burn after it has been ignited the even if the source of continuous to burn.
-Temperature increase, It continuously releases combustible vapors resulting to sustain burning(combustion).
• AUTO-IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION
-The lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to releases vapor that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark. ( Happen when the material is already burned)
CHEMICAL REACTION
NORMAL-FLASHPOINT-FIREPOINT-SELF/AUTO-IGNITION POINT-COMBUSTION
( RAPID OXIDATION)
• FLASHOVER
-It is bitter known as dust explosion.
• ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS
-Changes whereby energy(heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
-Energy absorbed to the surroundings. As a result, the temperature of the surroundings drops.
• EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
-Those that release or gives off energy (heat) thus they produced substances with less energy than the reactions .
-Energy released into the surroundings as heat. As a result, the temperature of the surroundings increases.
• OXIDATION
-A chemical that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and on oxidizing agent (air), react. (ACTUAL EXOTHERMIC)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
• SPECIFIC GRAVITY- The weight of a solid or liquid substance in relation to the weight of an equivalent volume of water
• VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of a volume of pure gas compared to a volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
-Vapor density of acetylene is 0.9
-0.59- anhydrous ammonia
-0.96- Carbon Monoxide
•VAPOR PRESSURE- is the force that molecules produce.
•TEMPERATURE- The degree of thermal agitation of molecules
•BOILING POINT- its vapor pressure equals that of the atmosphere.
•AUTO IGNITION- The lowest temperature at which a substance may be heated to create vapor that will ignite naturally without the need of a flame or spark.
•FIRE POINT- Fuel at a fire point keeps burning even after being lit.
•FLASH POINT- The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
>During an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed as energy.
>Energy is released or given off in exothermic reactions.
Combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react in a chemical process known as oxidation.
Flames- manifestation of fire
Properties of fire
*Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
*Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
-When a material vapor density is
> 1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
< 1 - lighter than air and will rise and dissipate
*Boiling Point - The vapor pressure of the liquid is equal
*Vapor Pressure - Is a force exerted by the molecules
*Temperature - Is a measure of the degree
*Flash point - The lowest temperature at which substance gives off vapor
*Fire point - Fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited
Endothermic reactions- changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction take place
Exothermic reactions those that release or give of energy does they produce substances with less energy than reactants
Chemical properties of fire
Oxidation -a chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material and oxidizing agent react
(Fire Investigation Part 2)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
Specific Gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance
to the weight of an equal volume of water.
Vapor density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the
volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
Vapor Pressure - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a
liquid.
Temperature - the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of
molecules.
Boiling Point - the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure
of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
Ignition/Kindling temperature - the minimum temperature at which
the substance must be heated in order to initiate combustion.
Fire point - the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at
which vapors are evolved fast enough to support combustion.
Flash point - the temperature at which a flammable liquid forms a
vapor-air mixture that ignites (mixture with in the explosive range).
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
*Endothermic Reactions - changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed
or is added before the reaction takes place.
*Exothermic Reactions - those that release or give off energy(heat)
thus they produce substances with less energy than the reactants.
*Oxidation - a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which
combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air), react. Example
of oxidation is combustion which is the same as actual burning (rapid
oxidation)
*CHEMICAL REACTION
Temperature of Fuel COMBUSTION
^
Self/auto ignition point ------------ ^ RAPID
^
Fire Point ------------------- ^
^
Flash Point ------------------ ^
^
Normal -------------------- OXIDATION
FIRE INVESTIGATION PART 2
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY - ratio of the weight of solid orliquid subtance to the weight of an equal volume of water
FLAMMABLE LIQUID - like gasoline, petroleum have lower specific gravity than water
VAPOR DENSITY - weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
if the material vapor density is greater than 1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
if the material vapor density is less than 1 lighter than air and will rise amd dissipate
BOILING POINT - constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the l;iquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure
VAPOR PRESSURE - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid
TEMPERATURE - the measure of the degreee of thermal agitation of molecules
FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature ar which substance gives off vapor momentarily
FIRE POINT - temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited
AUTO- IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION POINT - lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of flame or spark
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS- changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place
EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS - those that release or gives off energy thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants
OXIDATION - chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material and an oxidizing agent
LIQUID FUELS - made from petroleum. But some synthetic liquid fuels are also produced.
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
VAPOR DENSITY the weight of a volume or purr gas and composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
Acetylene, vapor density 0.9
Anhydrous Ammonia, vapor density 0.59
Carbon Monoxide, vapor density 0.96
BOILING POINT the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure.
VAPOR PRESSURE the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
TEMPERATURE the measure of the degree of the thermal agitation of molecules.
FLASH POINT the lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily.
FIRE POINT the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited that even if the source of ignition has been remove, the fuel continues to burn.
AUTO ignition poiny or self-ignition point. The lowest temperature at which substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the applications of a flame or sparks.
CHEMICAL REACTION
TEMPERATURE OF FUEL ⬆️
Self/Auto Ignition Point
Fire Point
Flash Point
Normal
CHEMICAL REACTION ⬆️
Combustion
Oxidation
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS
-Changes whereby energy heat is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
-Absorb energy
-Energy released into the sorroundings heat
-Temperature of a sorroundings increase
EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
-Those that release or give off energy heat thus they procedure substance with less energy than reactions.
-Release energy
-Emergy is absorbed from the sorroundings
-Temperature of the sorroundings drops
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
OXIDATION chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and oxidizing agent (air).
FLAME manifesting of fire
Properties of fire
SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
Flammable liquid such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water. (Less dense than water)
VAPOR DENSITY - Weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1 HEAVIER THAN AIR.. SINK
MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
Properties of fire
Specific Gravity - Solid or liquid substance is the weight of an equal
Vapor Density - The volume of pure gas is composed to the volume of dry air
Boiling Point - The vapor pressure of the liquid is equal
Vapor Pressure - Is a force exerted by the molecules
Temperature - Is a measure of the degree
Flash point - The lowest temperature at which substance gives off vapor
Fire point - Fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited
Endothermic Reaction - the energy or heat is absorbed
Exothermic Reactions - Release or give off the energy
Oxidation - Chemical Change that is exothermic, change in which combustible material and an oxidizing agent or air is react
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
"Specific Gravity"
-The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
• Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water).
" Vapor density"
-The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
• The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air
• Material vapor density >1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas.
• Material vapor density
Physical properties
Specific gravity - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
Vapor density - is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
Acetylene -0.9
Anhydrous -0.59
Carbon monoxide -0.96
Boiling point - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
Vapor pressure - the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
Temperature - measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
Flash point - lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapor
Fire point - the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited
Endothermic reactions - energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
Exothermic reaction - release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than the reactants.
Oxidation -chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react.
Properties of fire
Specific Gravity - the ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal of volume of water
Vapor density- the weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air the same temperature and pressure.
Boiling point - constant temperature which the vapor pressure of liquid is equal to the atmosphere
Vapor pressure - the force exceeded by the molecules of the surface
Temperature - measure the degree of thermal agitation of molecules
Flash point - lowest temperature which substances gives off vapor that burn momentarily
Auto ignition - the lowest temperature at which a substances can be heated to released vapor that will ignite without application of sparks
Endothermic reaction - it absord energy
Exothermic reaction - it release energy
Flame - burning gas or vapor from Combustible material
Physical Properties of Fire
• Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
• Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
-When a material vapor density is > 1 - heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
- When a material vapor density is < 1 - lighter than air and will rise and dissipate
As rule of thumb, there are gases that are lighter than air.
- Acetylene- Vapor density 0.9
- Anhydrous Ammonia- Vapor density 0.59
- Carbon monoxide- Vapor density 0.96
• Boiling Point- the constant temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
Vapor Pressure- the force exerted by the molecules on the surface of a liquid.
• Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
• Fire Point- the lowest temperature of a liquid in an open container at which vapors are evolved fast enough to support combustion.
• Flash Point- the temperature at which a flammable liquid forms a vapor-air mixture that ignites(mixture with in the explosive range).
• Auto-ignition point of self-ignition point- the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame as spark.
Chemical Properties of Fire
• Endothermic Reactions- changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
•Exothermic Reactions- those that release or give off energy (heat) thus they produce substances with less energy than reactants.
•Oxidation- a chemical change that is exothermic, a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air), react. Example of oxidation is combustion which is the same as actual burning (rapid oxidation)
•Flames- flames are incandescent (very bright/glowing with intense heat) gases. It is a combustion product and a manifestation of fire when it is in it's gas-phased combustion.
Properties of fire
1. Specific Gravity - Solid or liquid substance is the weight of an equal
2. Vapor Density - The volume of pure gas is composed to the volume of dry air
3. Boiling Point - The vapor pressure of the liquid is equal
4. Vapor Pressure - Is a force exerted by the molecules
5. Temperature - Is a measure of the degree
6. Flash point - The lowest temperature at which substance gives off vapor
7. Fire point - Fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited
Endothermic Reaction - the energy or heat is absorbed
Exothermic Reactions - Release or give off the energy
Oxidation - Chemical Change that is exothermic, change in which combustible material and an oxidizing agent or air is react
📌 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
1. SPECIFIC GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance.
2. VAPOR DENSITY- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air.
NOTE:
* Material vapor density is greater than 1 it is heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas.
* Material vapor density less than one, lighter than air and will rise and dissipate.
📌 Acetylene - vapor density 0.9
📌 Anhydrous ammonia - vapor density 0.59
📌 Carbon dioxide - vapor density 0.96
3. VAPOR PRESSURE- the force exerted by the molecules.
4. Temperature- the measure of the degree.
5. Fire Point- the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited.
📌 What is the distinction of boiling point to flash point?
* BOILING POINT- Is the temperature at which vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
* FLASH POINT- the lowest temperature at at which a substance gives off vapor that burns momentarily.
Note:
1. When when to sustain combustion?
Ans: When there is certain amount of vapor.
2. Do you need to have flash point?
Ans: Yes, which there will be enough bay port to sustain a burn.
3. Is the flash point is the same as the temperature?
Ans: No, because you still need an external ignition source.
FLASHPOINT- lowest temperature at which a substance gives of vapor that burns momentarily when a flame or spark is applied.
FIRE POINT- as temperature increase, it continuously releases combustible vapor resulting to sustain burning.
AUTO- IGNITION POINT OR SELF-IGNITION POINT- the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release vapors that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark.
📌 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE.
1. ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS- energy heat is absorbed.
Note: In an endothermic reaction, energy is absorbed from the surroundings. As as a result the temperature of the surroundings drops.
2. EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS- release or give off energy.
Note: In an exothermic reaction, energy is released into the surroundings as heat. As the result the temperature of the surroundings increases.
3. OXIDATION- change that is exothermic.
4. FLAMES- combustion product and manifestation of fire.
📍 PROPERTIES OF FIRE 📍
*PHYSICAL
✓ Specific Gravity
- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
*Flammable between such as gasoline, diesel, and several other products have a lower specific gravity in the water (less dense than water)
✓ Vapor density
- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
* The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
* Material before density >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
* Material vapor density
Physical Properties of Fire
Specific Gravity -the ratio of weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volumes of water
Vapor density - weight of volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
•Acetylene- vapor density 0.9
•Anhydrous Ammonia 0.59
•Carbon Monoxide 0.96
Vapor pressure - force exerted by the molecules.
Temperature -measure of degree of thermal agitation of molecules.
Boiling point - vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
Auto ignition - the lowest temperature at which a substance cam be heated to release vapor that will ignite without the application of a flame or spark .
Fire point - fuel continues to burn after it has been ignited.
- as temperature increases,it continuously release combustible vapors
Flash point- the lowest temperature at which the substance gives of vapor.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
Endothermic Reaction - energy (heat) is absorbed.
- hotter than surroundings
Exothermic Reactions - release or give off energy.
-cooler than surroundings
Oxidation - a chemical that is exothermic a change in which combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent(air) react.
Flames-manifestation of fire.
MARANAN, JAY MARK L.
4C4
MAGBANUA, JOHN KENNETH L.
3C3
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Specific Gravity- weight of a solid or liquid substance.
Flammable liquids- have lower specific gravity than water.
Vapor density- weight of a volume of pure gas, composed of the volume of dry air.
Material vapor densiy-
>1 heavier than air and will sink, concentrate in low-lying areas.
Properties of fire
Specific gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
Vapor density-the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
Boiling point-is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure hands it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition gas
Vapor pressure-is the force exerted by the molecules on surface of a liquid
Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules
Flashpoint- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives of paper that burns momentarily
Firepoint- the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed the fuel continues to grow
Auto ignition point or self-ignition point -the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release papers that will ignite without the application of flame or sparks
Flashover -it is known as dust explosion
Endothermic reactions- changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction take place
Exothermic reactions those that release or give of energy does they produce substances with less energy than reactants
Chemical properties of fire
Oxidation -a chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material and oxidizing agent react
Properties of fire
The physical properties
Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY - the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance.
VAPOR DENSITY- weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
- is the ratio the density of a volume of gas compared to the same volume of air
o MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas.
o MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
o Specific Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
(Water when mix with fuel, the water poured will sink and mix with the water however the fuel will remain on top of the water)
Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water) Oil mix with water*
o Vapor density- the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air.
Material vapor density >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas
Material vapor density
Physical Properties of Fire
•Special Gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal of water.
• Vapor Density - the weight of a volume of pure gas composed of volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
• Boiling Point - the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal.
•Vapor pressure - is a force exerted by the molecules.
•Temperature - is the measure of the degree
•Boiling Point - it's a vapor pressure equal that of the atmosphere.
• Auto Ignition - it is the Lowest temperature at which a substance may be heated to create vapor .
•Fire Point - Fuel at a fire point keeps burning even after being it.
•Flash Point -the lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
"Specific Gravity"
-The ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
• Flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel and several other products have a lower specific gravity than water (less dense than water).
" Vapor density"
-The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.
• The vapor density is the ratio of the density of a volume of gas as compared to the same volume of air
• Material vapor density >1 heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas.
• Material vapor density
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
1. SPECIFIC GRAVITY- the ratio of the weight of a
:
solid or liquid substance. 2. VAPOR DENSITY- weight of a volume of pure gas
composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. - is the ratio the density of a volume of gas compared to the same volume of air
*MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY >1- heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low-lying areas. *MATERIAL VAPOR DENSITY
Properties of fire
Specific gravity- the ratio of the weight of a solid or liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water
Vapor density-the weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
Boiling point-is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure hands it is the temperature at which the liquid phase will begin to transition gas
Vapor pressure-is the force exerted by the molecules on surface of a liquid
Temperature- the measure of the degree of thermal agitation of molecules
Flashpoint- the lowest temperature at which a substance gives of paper that burns momentarily
Firepoint- the temperature at which the fuel continues to burn after it has ignited that even if the source of ignition has been removed the fuel continues to grow
Auto ignition point or self-ignition point -the lowest temperature at which a substance can be heated to release papers that will ignite without the application of flame or sparks
Flashover -it is known as dust explosion
Endothermic reactions- changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction take place
Exothermic reactions those that release or give of energy does they produce substances with less energy than reactants
Chemical properties of fire
Oxidation -a chemical change that is exothermic a change in which combustible material and oxidizing agent react
PROPERTIES OF FIRE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
* SPECIFIC GRAVITY
- The ratio of the weight o a solid or liquid substance
- Weight of an equal
-Volume of water
*VAPOR DENSITY
- The weight of a volume of pure gas composed to the volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
* Material vapor densuty >1 Heavier than air and will sink and concentrate in low lying areas.
*Material vapor density
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
• SPECIFIC GRAVITY- The weight of a solid or liquid substance in relation to the weight of an equivalent volume of water
• VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of a volume of pure gas compared to a volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
-Vapor density of acetylene is 0.9
-0.59- anhydrous ammonia
-0.96- Carbon Monoxide
•VAPOR PRESSURE- is the force that molecules produce.
•TEMPERATURE- The degree of thermal agitation of molecules
•BOILING POINT- its vapor pressure equals that of the atmosphere.
•AUTO IGNITION- The lowest temperature at which a substance may be heated to create vapor that will ignite naturally without the need of a flame or spark.
•FIRE POINT- Fuel at a fire point keeps burning even after being lit.
•FLASH POINT- The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
-During an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed as energy.
-Energy is released or given off in exothermic reactions.
*Combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react in a chemical process known as oxidation.
*Flames- manifestation of fire
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
• SPECIFIC GRAVITY- The weight of a solid or liquid substance in relation to the weight of an equivalent volume of water
• VAPOR DENSITY - The weight of a volume of pure gas compared to a volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
-Vapor density of acetylene is 0.9
-0.59- anhydrous ammonia
-0.96- Carbon Monoxide
•VAPOR PRESSURE- is the force that molecules produce.
•TEMPERATURE- The degree of thermal agitation of molecules
•BOILING POINT- its vapor pressure equals that of the atmosphere.
•AUTO IGNITION- The lowest temperature at which a substance may be heated to create vapor that will ignite naturally without the need of a flame or spark.
•FIRE POINT- Fuel at a fire point keeps burning even after being lit.
•FLASH POINT- The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to vaporize
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRE
-During an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed as energy.
-Energy is released or given off in exothermic reactions.
*Combustible material (fuel) and an oxidizing agent (air) react in a chemical process known as oxidation.
*Flames- manifestation of fire