Climate has been always change seen before and after the Dinosaure time , those climate change bullshit is the BIGGEST FRAUD on HUMANITY SPIRIT need to stop..
Speaking from a genetics background, I find it fascinating how researchers a decade ago were so quick to attribute things, according to artefacts. I wonder how these scientists would have adjusted their conclusions if they had the current DNA evidence?
If I heard correctly, it was implied that Australian indigenous people used stone tools to make dugout canoes. In fact, they ad sewn bark canoes and only got dugouts in the last couple of centuries from Makassar…
this well put together , to just understand how our mind works and we are capable,of working objects to our use , and passing this information on to others , just what iv been looking 4;-)
As an amateur collector and enthusiast of stone tools from all over the world it seems to me that there are too many similarities between all stone 'cultures' that make dating them and surmising behavior modes almost impossible. All stone tool types can be found on all continents with some variation. For example, the Acheulean 'tear-drop' axes. I have some of the same make I've found in Texas that have to be less than 12,000 years old but side by side with African and European axes they are virtually the same. In Texas I've also found cobble choppers also similar to those of Africa and of course flint tools and projectile points almost identical to European.
Well, yes. And no. Stone tools aren't all identical even for the same uses, not mass produced. There are variations that can be misleading even to experts. This is especially true when the context of where a tool is found is not unknown. TYPES is what it's all about. And yes, pictures are the most helpful. There are a number of books available on just about all the past stone cultures.
@Dan Ryan Thank you Dan. I'm aware that rock layers and other in-situ features are the about the only method of estimating date ranges but the I was talking about the 'similarities' of all the different tool cultures in the world. Also, when an artifact is a surface find it's virtually impossible to date them except by similarity comparison with already cataloged artifacts.
William Good Isn’t it possible that there were separate cultures related to the making of stone tools and that over time these cultures exchanged knowledge leading to a proliferation of all stone tool types across the world? Seems a logical explanation to why you would be finding these types of tools from 12,000 year old deposits.
I guess I've gotten spoiled by the recent deep genetic analyses I've been learning about, and how "undeniable" those results are - I find the language stuff discussed by the second speaker thoroughly interesting, but it's hard for me to think any particularly high level of certainty can be associated with those conclusions. It feels like we're trying to assume that the former languages were highly consistent and sensible, and I just don't think that's how language works. It seems like a messy and disorganized thing to me. I find those conclusions speculative at best.
Pharyngeals in Arabic and related languages come from ejectives towards PAA. Even so, they've been observed to evolve out of -ATR harmony processes (such as in dialects of Arabic) as well as directly from dorsal fricatives/approximates in e.g. German dialects (some dialects' Parisian R went even farther back) or Portuguese. Clicks are likely clusters of non-pulmonic consonants. Their rarity has more to do with the rarity of non-pulmonic consonants forming clusters as syllable structure collapses a la Sino-Tibetan into Mandarin, which is what's happened in the Khoe-San areal region. Languages don't get more simple outside Africa. Indo-European has bizarre word structures. The Caucasian languages have more consonants than 99% of languages and they're 3 separate families. Just because syllable structure is reduced in languages like Hmong Khmer doesn't mean that a voiceless m is more simple. Most of the North American languages have rich consonant inventories including glottalics; Salishan is a language that "is characterised by agglutinativity and syllabic consonants. For instance the Nuxalk word clhp’xwlhtlhplhhskwts’ (IPA: [xɬpʼχʷɬtʰɬpʰɬːskʷʰt͡sʼ]), meaning "he had had [in his possession] a bunchberry plant", has thirteen obstruent consonants in a row with no phonetic or phonemic vowels."
I've found a variety of stone artifacts, created by Native Americans, in my own backyard, which used to be a pond. I've found a couple of them in my vicinity, too. I live near the Rio Grande in South Texas. 🗿
Lots has happened since this video was made. A major is the discovery of a previously unknown hominim they call Denisova, after the name of the cave in the Altai Mountains (Russia) where the few bits were found at the 50,000 year old level. Last I heard they still didn’t know if Homo Sapiens met them. They know they interacted with Neanderthals and have found skeletal remains of one mixed offspring. They have found that Melanesians have about 6% Denisova. Way down in Oceana on an isolated island. 🤯 And in Mesoamerica and the Amazon basin. 🤯🤯. Not among the indigenous north or south of there, so far. 🤯🤯🤯. I haven’t heard anything about their tools but part of a green stone (jadite maybe) finely tooled bracelet with a hole drilled in it was found at that level. One of those things Stone Age hominids are not supposed to have been able to make. I gather there were some commentators who went kind of “racist”. We are ALL Homo Sapiens. Same race. If you paid attention to what was going on where Homo Sapiens cultures advanced quicker you would realize it had little to do with ethnicity. The amount of trade and interaction with other cultures (cultural appreciation) has been key. A person comes up with a different way of doing something and it changes what the culture does. Then someone from someplace else either learns how to do it personally or from trade. It spreads. Someone else adapts it to their environment. If there is a lot of this going on fairly regularly then those cultures advance faster than other Homo Sapiens that have settled far away. Plain and simple. The wheel, I gather, was created in a culture in Southwestern Asia that used a grinding wheel to grind grain. They wouldn’t have developed a grinding wheel if they hadn’t been farmers with a lot of grain to grind for trade or food for a larger population. Climate had a lot to do with trade and when Homo Sapiens could move into a region. The Sahara is now estimated to be only about 5,000 years old. Tribes and cultures that were where it was once wet had to move. Those that headed South were effectively cut off from easy interaction with other cultures, except along the Nile. The quick rising of the Ocean levels about 14,000 years ago by 250-500 feet not only drowned many a coastal culture but isolated hundreds, if not thousands. Couldn’t walk to Australia or any of the new “islands”. What is now the British Isles were no longer attached to the Continent. Then shit froze again for about 300 years. About 50% of the world’s flora and fauna went extinct between 14,000-12,000 years ago. They estimate about 75% extinction in North America. Almost all of the large mammals gone. Those that survived did not last long because they had been on hunter/gatherer’s food list. The loss in game may have been part of why farming and domestication of smaller animals happened. Climate makes a huge difference in where you can farm. Farming takes more tools. Where farming wasn’t practical they tended to stick to subsistence hunter/gathering or nomadic herding. Neither usually needed a lot of tools or permanent living structures. Getting the drift?
This argument about the relation of brain size to body size strikes me as tortured. Why would it require a proportionally larger brain to perform basic functions of a dinosaur than a cockroach? Maybe twice or even ten X the size brain but not thousands or a million X. And then one needs to convoluted reasoning again when considering a humming bird.
@nebrew centric Giptian So you are saying a humming bird is smarter than you? That could be true. If you think education happens in American high schools, that's your problem.
@@robinlillian9471 I think his comment was in reply to a comment and not the video itself. Old replies on youtube used to show as their own comment and not a reply under the original posters comment.
The idiots only watched up until the archaeologist mentioned finding stone tools in Africa and decided that meant he was a racist. It never occurred to them that stone tools had to be invented before African civilizations could evolve. The extreme level of utter ignorance on both the Left and the Right is absolutely staggering.
Don't project, thanks. If you provide the requested title (and preferably url) I can begin my much needed literature research. An author name, date of publication or name of the journal might be helpful too. The claim goes against established science as it is commonly known in the world today including all the fascinating evidence from linguistics and tool use presented in this video. I really hope your new source is just as intriguing. And please don't use unnecessarily vulgar language, thanks.
You are absolutely crazed. This archaeologist publishes in science journals. He is giving a lecture at a university. He IS part of established science. The journal article he is presenting is referenced in the description, you total ignoramus.
@@robinlillian9471 Fuck, you're a moron. How did you not figure out these people are replying to one another and not the video or its content? You have the reading comprehension and reasoning skills of a wet paper bag.
It's ridiculous that people like yourself can't keep your racist rants out of topics like this. I can't wait until people like you are not allowed to leave comments like this on these sites. It's funny you choose to hide behind social media but would never challenge a scholar or anyone else that can dispute your ridiculous biases. Stop hiding behind social media and be a real man
You are such morons. An archaeologist discusses finding stone tools in Africa, and you call him a racist. Humans evolved in Africa, so of course primitive stone tools were found there. African civilizations came later. He is explaining how the stone tools document the change in behavior that led to that. Fortunately, the brown people who lived then were much smarter than the modern idiots who go around looking for an excuse to make insanely false accusations.
@@robinlillian9471 YOU ARE THE MORON. These comments are in the old youtube format and are a response to other comments and not the content of the video itself.
The first language started where human first started. Africa is mother of all languages. I'm always don't get people undermine Africans that We African took Arab and Greek language. It is so sad. People don't use brain to know the truth. It means where human started where not speaking but they created equipment
Has nobody ever told this guy that all he needs to know about human origins is in a book called Genesis that was written about 3000 years ago by a barely literate Middle Eastern goat herder?
Das where I get my science! Yeeehaww. Sorry, I gotta run and cure my son's leprosy by sprinkling some bird blood and water over him. Ya'll take it easy!
Other animals use tools buddy. birds horses beavers etc... even ants build with tools ! Children don't speak like their parents buddy they speak like their friends. This is brain washing.
Gosh, you're an idiot. It's like comparing a rain gutter to the Amazon rainforest. Animals use and make tools, but none make anything as sophisticated as humanity has done.
All of this information about our origin is extremely interesting to me and I really appreciate that you make it available to us.
Thank you UCTV.
Climate has been always change seen before and after the Dinosaure time , those climate change bullshit is the BIGGEST FRAUD on HUMANITY SPIRIT need to stop..
No one talks like this. If you aren't a bot you're definitely an NPC
That was really funny inbetween. Bar-Yosef was killing it.
Rap God Bar-Yosef
Thanks, this Carta series rocks!
Speaking from a genetics background, I find it fascinating how researchers a decade ago were so quick to attribute things, according to artefacts. I wonder how these scientists would have adjusted their conclusions if they had the current DNA evidence?
i liked the entire lesson. really brilliant. and Prof. Ofer Bar Yoseff is my hero!!
lol..... brilliant ???? what are you stoned ???
If I heard correctly, it was implied that Australian indigenous people used stone tools to make dugout canoes. In fact, they ad sewn bark canoes and only got dugouts in the last couple of centuries from Makassar…
this well put together , to just understand how our mind works and we are capable,of working objects to our use , and passing this information on to others , just what iv been looking 4;-)
Great information, I loved all 3 lessons
As an amateur collector and enthusiast of stone tools from all over the world it seems to me that there are too many similarities between all stone 'cultures' that make dating them and surmising behavior modes almost impossible. All stone tool types can be found on all continents with some variation. For example, the Acheulean 'tear-drop' axes. I have some of the same make I've found in Texas that have to be less than 12,000 years old but side by side with African and European axes they are virtually the same. In Texas I've also found cobble choppers also similar to those of Africa and of course flint tools and projectile points almost identical to European.
je collinss are you able to identify stone tools pretty easily if you were to see some photos?
Well, yes. And no. Stone tools aren't all identical even for the same uses, not mass produced. There are variations that can be misleading even to experts. This is especially true when the context of where a tool is found is not unknown. TYPES is what it's all about. And yes, pictures are the most helpful. There are a number of books available on just about all the past stone cultures.
@Dan Ryan Thank you Dan. I'm aware that rock layers and other in-situ features are the about the only method of estimating date ranges but the I was talking about the 'similarities' of all the different tool cultures in the world. Also, when an artifact is a surface find it's virtually impossible to date them except by similarity comparison with already cataloged artifacts.
William Good Isn’t it possible that there were separate cultures related to the making of stone tools and that over time these cultures exchanged knowledge leading to a proliferation of all stone tool types across the world? Seems a logical explanation to why you would be finding these types of tools from 12,000 year old deposits.
More meat to the stew. Most intriguing.
I guess I've gotten spoiled by the recent deep genetic analyses I've been learning about, and how "undeniable" those results are - I find the language stuff discussed by the second speaker thoroughly interesting, but it's hard for me to think any particularly high level of certainty can be associated with those conclusions. It feels like we're trying to assume that the former languages were highly consistent and sensible, and I just don't think that's how language works. It seems like a messy and disorganized thing to me. I find those conclusions speculative at best.
Pharyngeals in Arabic and related languages come from ejectives towards PAA. Even so, they've been observed to evolve out of -ATR harmony processes (such as in dialects of Arabic) as well as directly from dorsal fricatives/approximates in e.g. German dialects (some dialects' Parisian R went even farther back) or Portuguese.
Clicks are likely clusters of non-pulmonic consonants. Their rarity has more to do with the rarity of non-pulmonic consonants forming clusters as syllable structure collapses a la Sino-Tibetan into Mandarin, which is what's happened in the Khoe-San areal region.
Languages don't get more simple outside Africa. Indo-European has bizarre word structures. The Caucasian languages have more consonants than 99% of languages and they're 3 separate families. Just because syllable structure is reduced in languages like Hmong Khmer doesn't mean that a voiceless m is more simple. Most of the North American languages have rich consonant inventories including glottalics; Salishan is a language that "is characterised by agglutinativity and syllabic consonants. For instance the Nuxalk word clhp’xwlhtlhplhhskwts’ (IPA: [xɬpʼχʷɬtʰɬpʰɬːskʷʰt͡sʼ]), meaning "he had had [in his possession] a bunchberry plant", has thirteen obstruent consonants in a row with no phonetic or phonemic vowels."
Believe you misspelled "bush berry "...#%÷
@@johnrogan9420😂
Thank you, Dr. Ofer Bar-Yosef!
great videos!
Love this subject.
I've found a variety of stone artifacts, created by Native Americans, in my own backyard, which used to be a pond. I've found a couple of them in my vicinity, too. I live near the Rio Grande in South Texas. 🗿
Stone Tools and Cognition - "I didn't really want to talk about this" .....lol
Lots has happened since this video was made. A major is the discovery of a previously unknown hominim they call Denisova, after the name of the cave in the Altai Mountains (Russia) where the few bits were found at the 50,000 year old level. Last I heard they still didn’t know if Homo Sapiens met them. They know they interacted with Neanderthals and have found skeletal remains of one mixed offspring. They have found that Melanesians have about 6% Denisova. Way down in Oceana on an isolated island. 🤯 And in Mesoamerica and the Amazon basin. 🤯🤯. Not among the indigenous north or south of there, so far. 🤯🤯🤯. I haven’t heard anything about their tools but part of a green stone (jadite maybe) finely tooled bracelet with a hole drilled in it was found at that level. One of those things Stone Age hominids are not supposed to have been able to make.
I gather there were some commentators who went kind of “racist”. We are ALL Homo Sapiens. Same race. If you paid attention to what was going on where Homo Sapiens cultures advanced quicker you would realize it had little to do with ethnicity. The amount of trade and interaction with other cultures (cultural appreciation) has been key. A person comes up with a different way of doing something and it changes what the culture does. Then someone from someplace else either learns how to do it personally or from trade. It spreads. Someone else adapts it to their environment. If there is a lot of this going on fairly regularly then those cultures advance faster than other Homo Sapiens that have settled far away. Plain and simple. The wheel, I gather, was created in a culture in Southwestern Asia that used a grinding wheel to grind grain. They wouldn’t have developed a grinding wheel if they hadn’t been farmers with a lot of grain to grind for trade or food for a larger population. Climate had a lot to do with trade and when Homo Sapiens could move into a region. The Sahara is now estimated to be only about 5,000 years old. Tribes and cultures that were where it was once wet had to move. Those that headed South were effectively cut off from easy interaction with other cultures, except along the Nile. The quick rising of the Ocean levels about 14,000 years ago by 250-500 feet not only drowned many a coastal culture but isolated hundreds, if not thousands. Couldn’t walk to Australia or any of the new “islands”. What is now the British Isles were no longer attached to the Continent. Then shit froze again for about 300 years. About 50% of the world’s flora and fauna went extinct between 14,000-12,000 years ago. They estimate about 75% extinction in North America. Almost all of the large mammals gone. Those that survived did not last long because they had been on hunter/gatherer’s food list. The loss in game may have been part of why farming and domestication of smaller animals happened. Climate makes a huge difference in where you can farm. Farming takes more tools. Where farming wasn’t practical they tended to stick to subsistence hunter/gathering or nomadic herding. Neither usually needed a lot of tools or permanent living structures.
Getting the drift?
Yes
Why always compare english with french and not with russian or other slavic language?? Zakaj?
Because English and French are Romantic languages based on Latin and Slavic languages are based on Cyrillic.
This argument about the relation of brain size to body size strikes me as tortured. Why would it require a proportionally larger brain to perform basic functions of a dinosaur than a cockroach? Maybe twice or even ten X the size brain but not thousands or a million X. And then one needs to convoluted reasoning again when considering a humming bird.
@nebrew centric Giptian So you are saying a humming bird is smarter than you? That could be true. If you think education happens in American high schools, that's your problem.
Stone tools 38:20
I fear your personal opinion has no validity against truckloads of evidence discovered and categorized by generations of archeologists.
Where's YOUR proof? This IS an archaeologist you dingbat.
@@robinlillian9471 I think his comment was in reply to a comment and not the video itself. Old replies on youtube used to show as their own comment and not a reply under the original posters comment.
When he finally stops talking there will be just a piece of charcoal on the floor with a wisp of smoke rising.
Deepely informative,skt,india
👏🏻👏🏻
What does he say "manishi showed it" whats that? Oh Dmanisi
i dont see anything racists,but i love learning sompin new...great vid.
The idiots only watched up until the archaeologist mentioned finding stone tools in Africa and decided that meant he was a racist. It never occurred to them that stone tools had to be invented before African civilizations could evolve. The extreme level of utter ignorance on both the Left and the Right is absolutely staggering.
Robin Lillian I wish people would keep their political biases out of science but I know most of us are incapable of that.
عالی بود❤❤❤❤
This guy
Don't project, thanks. If you provide the requested title (and preferably url) I can begin my much needed literature research. An author name, date of publication or name of the journal might be helpful too. The claim goes against established science as it is commonly known in the world today including all the fascinating evidence from linguistics and tool use presented in this video. I really hope your new source is just as intriguing. And please don't use unnecessarily vulgar language, thanks.
You are absolutely crazed. This archaeologist publishes in science journals. He is giving a lecture at a university. He IS part of established science. The journal article he is presenting is referenced in the description, you total ignoramus.
@@robinlillian9471 Fuck, you're a moron. How did you not figure out these people are replying to one another and not the video or its content? You have the reading comprehension and reasoning skills of a wet paper bag.
It's ridiculous that people like yourself can't keep your racist rants out of topics like this. I can't wait until people like you are not allowed to leave comments like this on these sites.
It's funny you choose to hide behind social media but would never challenge a scholar or anyone else that can dispute your ridiculous biases. Stop hiding behind social media and be a real man
You are such morons. An archaeologist discusses finding stone tools in Africa, and you call him a racist. Humans evolved in Africa, so of course primitive stone tools were found there. African civilizations came later. He is explaining how the stone tools document the change in behavior that led to that. Fortunately, the brown people who lived then were much smarter than the modern idiots who go around looking for an excuse to make insanely false accusations.
@@robinlillian9471 YOU ARE THE MORON. These comments are in the old youtube format and are a response to other comments and not the content of the video itself.
Hey, the farthest Hawai'ians have a CLICK!!!!
The first language started where human first started. Africa is mother of all languages. I'm always don't get people undermine Africans that We African took Arab and Greek language. It is so sad. People don't use brain to know the truth. It means where human started where not speaking but they created equipment
Try pronouncing click consonants with a fucking tongue ring, not happening
A master of paleoanthropology, but jeez, take a breath between sentences.
Has nobody ever told this guy that all he needs to know about human origins is in a book called Genesis that was written about 3000 years ago by a barely literate Middle Eastern goat herder?
Das where I get my science! Yeeehaww. Sorry, I gotta run and cure my son's leprosy by sprinkling some bird blood and water over him. Ya'll take it easy!
Dan Ryan Aww shit, so that’s why he died...Kkona
The people who wrote Genesis were quite educated for their time
Other animals use tools buddy. birds horses beavers etc... even ants build with tools ! Children don't speak like their parents buddy they speak like their friends. This is brain washing.
Gosh, you're an idiot. It's like comparing a rain gutter to the Amazon rainforest. Animals use and make tools, but none make anything as sophisticated as humanity has done.
The first guy is a flake. The second guy doesn't seem to "click" for me. Did you see the tie on the last guy?
Bloody liars,
Can you please explain why you say this??
Very very powerful information