The caste system transformed Indian genetics - David Reich
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- Опубліковано 9 лют 2025
- Full Episode: • David Reich - How One ...
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If you want to know more details about the research David Reich is discussing in this clip, check out his 2010 Nature paper, Reconstructing Indian Population History, a landmark study on India's genetic origin . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2842210/
Dr. Reich is a geneticist at Harvard, and author of the book, "Who We Are and How We Got Here." We discuss his book and research in detail in our 2 hour conversation, which you can find here.
ua-cam.com/video/Uj6skZIxPuI/v-deo.html
Seems like the stratification results in a loss of hybrid vigor.
How long before this practice results in pronounced inbreeding?
Bro don't ignore my comment. you no we gujrati say that solanki was the best dynasty of gujrat or pratihar was . But you know we got separated from central rule ( up/ bhihar) by great Central Asian rulers shak. historian believe that it was them who started our business culture. May be this man is talking about patel ancestry to shak . Because they were the strongest rulers of gujrat.thats why patel owns biggest land because they were lords who gave us gujrati a separate powerhouse state.
it is not Patel, it is AWDEL ... one of the oldest genetics on this planet ... you will find them in every people around the world, in Pakhistan they are called Abdellis, in India they are the (a)Patels, in Kurdistan/Iran they are the Awdelu, in Middle Asia they are called the Abdals, in Anatolia and Caucasus they are the Abdalan, and so on ... they are around the whole world, and are one of the oldest people ... like the Jews they are a own ancient genetic recorded throughout the times of mankind ... there history goes back to saving an important prophet, so god gave them their promise, to always be superior in knowledge to anyone else
jesus F christ....he is SUPPORTING ARYAN INVASION THeory that has been debunked million times now!!!
Please do not platform American propaganda about India. There’s a north/ south India divide project in the works on Netflix, academia and every American outlet. Reich only has a shallow knowledge of India’s history. Watch recent video by the emissary for a deeper understanding.
Well...Indian racism is probably impossible to beat...
Well, the China-Japan-Korea triumvirate would be in the running for inter-nation racism.
@@mrgyaniReligiously based ultra nationalism is new?
India is the capital of spirituality One of the oldest civilization Birthplace of major Eastern rlgns ......!!!!!!!!🕉🕉
@@mrgyaniHindutva is anti caste
@drg598 Woooow a spirituality of one man rising above the other, a spirituality of not helping fellow man in poverty, a spirituality so poor it couldn't even build a fridge, since it's too weak to even understand a universe and it tries to understand things that are beyond, laughable
Caste system is one of the worst thing of Hinduism even today so called educated Indians follow caste discrimination
Caste system is a product of deep corruption which happened overtime.
For eg:
Sage Vyasa born from fisher woman wrote mahabharata
Sage Agastya from a mythical birth wrote many parta of Rig Veda.
Sage Vishwamitra born of Kshatriya father and brahmin mother wrote many parts of Rig Veda.
All these sages are considered Brahmins.
In short, Brahmins, Kshatriya, etc. aren't born. You become one thru your actions. But just like king wants their child to be next king, others wanted their progeny to hold their position and power. Hence, the corruption.
@@subipan4593 yes brother you can write 10 pages essay on this topic but it doesn't matter what's written in book what really matters is what we follow in the reality. even those who read religious books keep following such cruel practices
@@subipan4593Utter nonsense, bhagvad Geeta moksh sanyas Yog verse 40, Krishn explains the 4 Varna no mention of your justification...
@@tariq_sharif your quote doesnt even correlate to his point.
@@stormyzvox2185 gammon you need to read the references...
I'm reminded of Indian-American writer Anand Giridharadas' anecdote about going to a friend's house for a formal breakfast while visiting India. He was served with much deference by the family's obsequious and much-loved servant. Later that day, Giridharadas returned to the friend's house, this time in shorts and a T-shirt, to bring over a mattress. The same man who had served breakfast mistook Giridharadas for a delivery man and began gruffly barking orders at him. When Giridharadas reminded the servant who he was, he says the man underwent a "total human metamorphosis ... he shrunk right in front of me from a master to a servant."
I've experienced this kind of "kiss up/kick down" behavior from immigrant employees in US companies and I think it's very unhealthy for everyone involved.
Every Indian security guard in Dubai is like that. Low-caste Indian friends ask (white, tall, old) me to deal with other Indians as they will be judged on their caste and I am outside the caste system.
This is the small power syndrome.
This is why the British loved hindus, without whom there would likely have been no British empire. Similar situation with US corporate structures where Hindus fit in very well and Hindus often end up occupying the top positions.
@@DrJohnnyJ oh of course they do 😂
@@Alifeofadventures503 Skin colour and facial structure. Similarly, some of my white English friends(I had to write "white" lol.) can tell the difference between Irish and fellow Brits without even opening their mouths. A person from the countryside in Texas can tell the difference between city Texan and country Texan.
That one stand-up comedian named Akash Singh does only that.
Sharp Intuition is a very underrated skill.
Used to work at a Fortune 500 bank in the US. One of the hiring managers was Indian and his technology team was 90% Indian and he would only hire people from a specific region of India of Brahmin caste... if you think casteism only exists in India, you're wrong.
Edit: some people don’t believe me but there was a whole internal investigation about this at my company. The reason all of this was brought up to HR in the first place was because he made a comment on the caste of an interviewee and also that he was Tamil. The IT team I’m referring to had about 35-40 employees. Im not saying this is common but there are also public lawsuits regarding caste discrimination in Google and Microsoft.
Sure 😮
😂 yeah sure he used to fill all the quota or available positions from his caste which is less than 10% in India. So, everybody knows how many can there be in other nation. And he used to do that which usually affects efficiency as we can see how reservations are affecting in India. And his higher authority is like, yeah man get those people from same caste. we dont care about our companies efficiency and empty positions. we care is you getting your people in.
Specific region doesn't mean same caste. Atleast in software I have never seen any castism been in software from last 30 years now. Any of the urban industry there is no caste based hiring happening.
@kgck15 well sire it's not same caste but why same ethnicity or linguistic ethnicity
@SB-jc4vf well majority of the people that emigrate are from uc community
“I do not believe that we can build up a free society in India so long as there is a trace of this ill-treatment and suppression of one class by another.” - Dr. Ambedkar
'Caste =/= Race'
'A Brahmin & a Valmiki belong to the same genetic/racial stock'. - Dr.Ambedkar.
@@RR-pc7yvlol they do not and genetic analysis clearly show that ,that is a false sense of equality to promote unity amomg people
Ahh not exactly nw Indian castes ex arains, gujjars, khatri, Sindhis pasthuns are genetically closer to kurds than valmikis ,jatavs or any other caste in their nearby area@@RR-pc7yv
@@RR-pc7yv Then Genes study was not prevalent, If Ambedkar was here today he would have looked at the science and would have changed his statement.
@@RR-pc7yv can you quote the reference? I'd recommend you to read who were shudras? And also caste genesis paper which he presented in Columbia University.
"You're asking me a cultural question, not a genetic one" David Reich is a beast
This title is completely inflammatory, ANI / ASI does NOT describe the modern form of jati at all. It’s a classic example of westerners using colonial constructs to retrospectively make assertions of India historically. The rigveda mentions varnas, but NOT the British rigidified jatis. Jesus Christ, it’s terrible how simple people’s knowledge of what caste actually is now and what it has been - caste is a Portuguese word!
This is one of the reasons India would never be a world power or mimic China's economic miracle. The cultural and elitist division which Mao eradicated was never implemented by india. India is a set of nations within a nation .
This is basically the view of Amartya Sen. India has IITs and 30% of children are stunted.
not to mention that 🇮🇳 do not have the same work ethic and discipline as the Chinese people. in my humble opinion
Mao Didn't eliminate s***He just destroy a thousand years worth of culture
@@London-LM : Yep. The Chinese are working robots. An attribute that almost makes them devoid of any personality or happiness. But non the less, that work ethic, is what built their economy. Everything in life comes at a tradeoff.
Firstly India NEVER wanted to be a #1 Global superpower. Indias ambitions are very clear. They want to be a developed regional power & in the G7. As in top global economies.
World # 1 superpower means Global cop. India has 0 interest in that.
Nobody in this comment section has lived a day in India and are just making blatant bold statements to feed in to a divisive narrative that often only leads to more conflict within Hindu society.
Institutionalised Hindu hating
Yup, the Brahmins in themselves have so many categories. I know the beggar Brahmins and their children are suffering to get education.
I know the rural obc who are still facing the adverse effects of casteism
But I also know obc people who have monopolised jobs for themselves and their communities.
It's not as simple as ohh the whites were opressing the blacks.
Politicisation created so much division that now people discriminate against Brahmans.
Remember it's about equality.
Seems like a you problem
Hindu society (Hindu word itself came from persian mispronunciation of Sindhu) have already been divided in Jati and Varna since rigveda...
@@cinefile0075want to debate on that? You have know how blatantly wrong you are yet confident about it too.
Help me Steppe ancestor I'm stuck.
😂
Literally just listened to that unsub episode at work. 😂😂😂
And also proto african ancestors, Iranian farmer ancestors, Austro Asiatic (South east asian) ancestors, Tibeto Burman ancestors !
HornyJail. Now.
@@brc123321they were not proto african hunter gathers. They lacked the hair type. They were veddoid hunter gathers. Get your fact correct.
Lots of experts in comment section
Funny to me. Haha
@SpiritualSeeker-oq5pt Probably North Indian Brahmin
Those who cling to Nepotism from some ancestors.
@@lbell9695 Ahhh...another grass eating Brahmin...vegetarians are annoying.
@@lbell9695 Sharma could also be barbers.
Bro triggered the whole caste apologist community with a single video 😂 They'll do anything but try to change this brutal system.
Never...no one can't change that
This system is something no one can change .
Muslim came but they started following these same rules 😂
Same goes for Christians today.
Recently I read a news article where a Church of one caste group among Christians refused to solemnise marriage of one of its member because he married another caste Christian girl .
He has to go to court against it now 😂
Obviously u don't live in India
Things have changed
The comment section is exaggerating everything as if India is still stuck in 15th century
@@sidy6526 The brits created new class systems too by rewarding their employees with titles like khan and Choudhary. They manufactured nawabs and hindu kings who never had royal blood. Many of the originals were replaced by them. That’s how, most of the initial hindu emperors and kings who invaded India disappeared. Rajputs saved themselves via appeasement but Sens were reduced to clerks and all.
Gigga there is no caste system in India today......
Dear Indians,
Pls be tolerant with others opinion not everything in world runs on your dharma views.
That person is researchers, if you have facts counter with logic rather baseless comments. I am indian too.
Extremists hindus do not have that in their DNA
@@AbhijitZimareTrue they thinks world revolves around their dharma.😂
If they have problems with everything theu should go and check their and family DNA. They will get the answer its true or not.😂
What is "their dharma"? Traitors are traitors, no need of DNA 😂
@@kumarsaieshrane9692 Facts are facts too.
@@PS-ns5kn Ofcourse facts are facts and truth is supreme. But what did you mean by YOUR Dharma? By tone of your comment it doesn't feel like you know how Dharma works. Seems like you have chosen a side not based on truth but on political basis.
Patels are not a homogenous community. Patel (Patil/Patidar) is just a title given to land owning class of tribes-turned-peasants similar to Jats, Yadavs, Gurjars. Because they are located in the western belt of India, these communities have relatively more foreign DNA compared to similar communities found in more interior regions of India like Marathas, Kurmis and Gowdas. Both Punjab as well as Gujarat regions have seen continuous infiltration of Iranian and other central asian barbarians mixing with local population for most of their history.
The term barbarians is misplaced.
Settlers, Hunter Gatherers is more appropriate
@@mtarkes Reich was talking about gujrati Patels
@@anaesthete5592 Me too
Indian subcontinent has always been a home to the multiple waves of different human migrations since ancient days. It has always been genetically diverse. Other Ancient civilizations didn't saw as many waves of migration as much as India did.
So, there's no such thing as "foreign DNA" and "Native DNA" in our particular case because it's different from the rest of the world, it's also the reason why we can't have our own modern social construction of race unlike China, Nigeria or for the best example - USA.
And until the people didn't settled and created a sense of community which can be seen after 9-8th century BCE in the form of Mahajanpadas and that's when the concept of "Native vs Foreign Barbarian" also became in full force because there was a well-defined cultural reasoning at this time behind being the part of Bharatvarsh even the tribes who were not involved in the traditional part of the Indian societal concept of hierarchical division of Humans on the basis of hereditary occupation which we now know as "Caste system" were accepted as part of Bharatvarsh and not seen as Barbarian.
There is no Persian admixture in Indian western zone excepts minorities like Parsis. The Neolithic Iranian is not foreign, it is one of the main genetic component found in all South Asians.
This is an expert on the SCIENCE of genetics. That is all.
Watching people project their racism by attacking the researcher.
Most western research aim to suit western narratives .... 😂😂 Poor ✝️HIFS don't talk abt witch hunting & there caste system slavery & all.
Hindu's caste system based on work occupation not on birth
@@NationalistBhartiya 'Most Western research' is MOST research worldwide, period, you moron. Just because RESEARCH, be it Western or otherwise (and you can replicate the research discussed here, by the way), shows the idiocy of your caste system, doesn't mean it 'suits Western narratives'. For info, witch hunting was NOT anything like your caste system, because a) it did almost exclusively target women, and none of them were targeted since birth; and b) it was not uniformly at play everywhere in the West, unlike your caste system, which applies across modern-day India. Same with slavery - your country has the largest number of modern-day slaves, not to mention that slavery was THE reality EVERYWHERE in the world well before enslavement of Africans by Europeans took place between the 17th and 19th centuries. In your very own Mughal Empire not only Hindus were enslaved, but African slaves were imported as early as 11 c. BC. So get your head out of your ignorance arse on any of these topics. P.S. The Hindu caste system is in fact based on birth, not on occupation, you hypocrite.
@@NationalistBhartiya ooga booga. Arguing against literal genetics 😂
@@NationalistBhartiya west banned slavery even forced Arabs to stop doing it.
@@NationalistBhartiya akhand bharat is also a failed coloniser concept.😂 It was never real. When did Myanmar become part of india 😂
Caste is not tied to color. That is a lie.
these days, its tied more to halpogroups
How do you think India got whiter? Caste system was definitely based on color.
How do you think India got wyter? Definitely tied to color.
@@lewiswilliams6331 there is no scriptural
Basis for the caste system
It’s not
Rooted in color
@@trevormcdonald385 . Look at the country (any country matter of fact) before colonization. Whether it’s based scripturally or not a group of people’s skin tone don’t just disappear. They came up with a way to put those that had a certain look above those that didn’t.
I born in the last layer of this caste system: it won’t change even in another thousand years. Brahmins still wants my people to stand outside clean drains and toilets by hand: it’s disgusting, modi govt is encouraging this in all the directions,
Well I can tell by ur face
@joyapril try and get to europe or UK, nobody cares here about 'caste'
Wonder which part of india you are from. Very sorry for your experience. I'm Brahmin from a cosmopolitan area and we couldn't care less about the caste system. But my family in rural areas care a lot. Especially in the South.
@@mrblackmamba117 majority of India is suffering from caste discrimination
@@joyapril fair. That must suck. We have a fair lot of educated people. We should be focusing on economy than this bullsh*t
I am Indian American and used to visit the Bengal area frequently. I noticed that there are a lot variances by state, such as caste and class don’t seem to correlate as closely like other parts. Also, huge variances amongst families. A lot of highly educated Bengalis cherished their progressive values, others not at all. What I am trying to say, it felt like a boilerplate of ideas and attitudes.
Yet Bengal along with up Bihar is the most backward and violent regions in India. Idk why Bengalis think they are somehow better when infect they are less civilised
Bengal is still very backward and poor
Hindus in majority:- Casteism
Hindus in danger :- saar caste system created by british we all are one saar
😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅
What a Joke 🤣🤣
@bpp827 putting the blame on the British for everything is the new phenomenon we see today.
😂😂
@kuldeepnaik7955 I suppose it was the British who said brmns came out of head and sudras from feet !!!
In india everything is next level.. racism nothing compared to casteism and caste system😅
Absolutely, castes aka Jaatis are not races. Jaatis exist in other countries and cultures too including Anglos...
Oh yeah, so much worse than the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Belgian colonization of the Congo, genocide against indigenous Americans, German concentration camps. Definitely way worse than any of those things 😂😂
@@RR-pc7yv so you mean ethnicity? which still counts as racism
Yes, racism absolutely cannot be compared with the caste system. Racism by and from the west has killed millions, if not billions. Can't say the same about the caste system... The caste system is discriminatory while racism is deadly and genocidal.
@@67Neishayes.. N ur born a low caste dalit
Caste system is very closely tied to colorism and racism. I don't think India will be the next south Korea or Japan. We lack homogeneity and mfs are always fighting on skin color, caste, language and religion.
I've often thought the USA would be better off as 50 countries working together, maybe India would benefit from the same by piecing it out
North Indians are lighter in skin tone to South Indians.
Doesnt exactly mean people value north indians above em lmfaoo
Eitherway outside of India, the caste system is meaningless since countries usually filter for only the best immigrants from india.
Caste system is tied to genetics and race - us vs them (not my people kind of thing)
South Korea has a ton of colorism, what are you talking about? 😊
@@missourimongoose8858Is each Indian state mostly composed of the same ethnicity? Don't they still have a caste system within each ethnic group?
Marriage. Please encourage sons, daughters, or relatives to marry outside of caste, or even ethnicity. Intercaste marriage will build a greater Bharat. Jai Hind.
Says the chamber. No fuck off please
What does Bharat mean? I know it’s the proper term for India, but is there a literal meaning?
Unless, of course, they want to marry a Dalit. How could one hug a grandchild who was untouchable?
@@hinglemccringleberry1824it's just another name, like USA and America
Adhjal Gagri chalkat jai...marriage in indian Hindus has very robust and scientific method, marriage is done on the basis of gotra not caste 😂😂😂😂😂
India needs to crack down on the wealth gap. You have billionaires living in luxury sky scrapers with slums as their view. The poverty rate is a national disgrace. 👎
As long as they reinvest, it will drive people out of poverty. That’s how the world works in capitalism. Tata adani and ambani are doing just that.
socialism and low wages are embraced here.
Indians through they're work need to. What do you expect government to take over the wealth and distribute it equally? Well I'm happy sharing 100 in those terms when incompetence like yours exists.
@@VeggieBondambani 😂 Adani 😂 yeah right
@@VeggieBond Lol all of these people are Crony Capitalist, Using the power and corruption in the government for their own benefits. Learn to Distinguish Crony Capitalism and Capitalism first
A brown guy getting opinions on India from a white guy and they say colonial hangover isn't real 😂
First of all "opinion"?
And why are Indians like you are still racist towards all "white" people? English or not. You guys are so insecure. I am Indian BTW.
Indeed these boot lickers are the real hinderenace to truth
Firstly, no one is saying colonial hangover isn't real. Second, being free from colonialism doesn't mean you shouldn't listen to a white person. That's just racism.
True. Instead, all that he had to do was to read Ambedkar.
Lets end Brahmin-colonial hangover too.
and enter the world of DNA science.
I wonder if geneticists are aware of the gotra system as opposed to the caste system.
don't think so, it adds more to the fact about snapshots lol. It does weakens somewhat the snapshot claim as no interbreeding occurs between same gotras but mind you gotras mostly branch from same set of people.
@@nikhilchouhan1802 sorry i am not aware of snapshot. What is it?
And also gotras is identified by the father's family. No one asks a child about mom's side gotra.
yes, I agree, but the gotra system implies that you do not marry within the same gotra (male lineage) . What do you mean 99.9% same?
For good genes intercaste marriages are necessary.
Rigveda don't have caste system, sutras period were caste system begin and after sutras period,smritis came after which codiefed and philosophised this system, and this system started to manifest in society in Gupta period 1500 yrs back.
Rig Veda literally defines the four castes, Brahmin (Purush's head), Kshatriya (arms), Vaish(thighs) and Shudra (feet). Its the Genesis of Caste
Not true 😂
It is scary how Bhakts don't even read their scriptures as they do WhatsApp forwards
Prove your point@@cow429 , tell me Mandal & sukt of rigveda in which it is described, I want to see it myself.
@@Vedic.Vashishtha
You can find it in Yajurved 31-11.
Needless to say, he's obscuring the facts, like all the people suffering from "victim complex" and their apologists do. What he would omit, by showing that Brahman are compared to head, while Shudras are compared to feet, is that in the next Shloka, the Earth is compared to the feet, too.
बराह्मणो.अस्य मुखमासीद बाहू राजन्यः कर्तः |
ऊरूतदस्य यद वैश्यः पद्भ्यां शूद्रो अजायत ||
चन्द्रमा मनसो जातश्चक्षोः सूर्यो अजायत |
मुखादिन्द्रश्चाग्निश्च पराणाद वायुरजायत ||
For this, we have to see the context, something the baw-baw ambawadekar gang omits on purpose.
When they divided Purusa how many portions did they make?
What do they call his mouth, his arms? What do they call his thighs and feet?
*The Brahman was his mouth, of both his arms was the Rajanya made.*
*His thighs became the Vaisya, from his feet the Sudra was produced.*
*The Moon was gendered from his mind, and from his eye the Sun had birth;*
*Indra and Agni from his mouth were born, and Vayu from his breath.*
*Forth from his navel came mid-air the sky was fashioned from his head*
*Earth from his feet, and from his car the regions. Thus they formed the worlds.*
For people who claim to dwell in academic rigor and scientific exploration, they fall short at both those endeavours, and many others.
Going by their logic, since Shudras are considered "lowest", all people living on Earth must be lowest, and thus, equal. Check mate, ambawadekarites!
You can't expect reason with them, because selling fastfood-esque knowledge is a trend, and that's true with many "scholars" of baw-baw ambawadekar.
In fact, there was no comparison, but small minds made up that comparison, because that's what children do - learn by association. They are not capable of holding complex thoughts, and that's why they attract many other simpletons like them who get influenced by one sentence explanations of complex philosophy.
I would like to understand which part of the RgVed is David citing which talks about the caste system? I have read the RgVed and the caste system mentioned there isn't what he is interpreting it as. "verna" doesn't mean caste. It is a classification of profession. I would like to engage in a discussion with him on this topic.
You are right verna is based on profession but ppl misinterpreted it over the course of years... And classification has happened which stayed static over the years... That's what he meant
I'm sorry you must have misunderstood why the classification of profession exists in the first place.
So that certain group in the name of serving God continues to sit idle and earn while the same human equally valuable as of him needs to cleans his garbage and septic tank.
I strongly suggest you to get education from good institutions where they develop your rational thinking skills which in turn develops compassion towards other humans which will lead to the development of the society thereby increasing the economy of the country 🎉
@@louiz0@louiz0 Thank you, Louis, for your response. I need help understanding your comment, so here's another try at it.
I am neither Hindu nor Indian. I am a post-grad student at an Ivy League college. I have learned a fair bit of Sanskrit and, of my own volition, have actually read scriptures in the original language they were written in.
The original texts speak of "varnas," which are not the same as caste. No one should deny that casteism exists today, but it is not mentioned in the Vedas-that much is certain. The Vedas speak of people moving from one Verna to another based on their learned skills in one lifetime (Rigveda, 10.5.3). I want to work with David Reich and be his student, if only I can get him to respond. It would allow me to possibly influence his work as unbiasedly as possible.
If it is of any material consequence (and I don't think it should be), I am actually a Muslim.
@@louiz0Not really someone who serves god is actually carrying cultural duties within a society, carrying out marriages and other rituals etc etc, Hinduism is filled with compassion that's why so many refugees from around the world from Jews to Zoroastraian survived in india and were allowed to grow and prosper
@@AK-er5mwGlad for enlightenment, your contribution in valuable because you can read hindu texts in it's written language and bring out the truth.
India has 3 major ancestry groups and 2 or 3 smaller ones like austro Asiatic and tibeto Burman.The 3 main ancestry are first the indigenous hunter gatherers ancestry associated with Ydna haplogroup D, second one the farmers ancestry from Iranian region associated with y dna haplogroups like L and H and the finally the third one from pastoralists from Eurasian steppes carrying Ydna R1-Z93 associated with indo European languages.Almost everybody in Indian subcontinent can be categorised with different proportions of these above ancestries. How they acquired it is totally different matter.
So on average a typical brown dude from core of South Asia would be 60% west eurasian and 40% east eurasian.
The one good thing is now we got to watch. How long does it take for effects of this caste system to mostly disappear? How long does it take for a population to fully mix from this point they are at now? If we continue to take samples every generation we might get good answers to these questions.
This 4 minute clip has more interaction and comments than the full podcast he uploaded weeks ago!!!
The only way to beat the caste system is by intermarriage and interbreeding with distant populations.
Of course, most Indian families do not tolerate such things.
And the whole "purity" aspect is probably not a good thing, because purebred is inbred. It's a bad idea. Of course, I'm biased, as I'm biracial.
I got promoted to Batman in my early 20s and was worried about any inherited diseases so i got one of those cheek swabs, and as an added feature, they told me more about my heritage.
Being Persian-Indian i expected some bizarre bits to show up. But it was surprising that I had basically around 35% of my DNA being local, and the rest imported. Without going into too many specifics, my ancestors and I really seemed to share two hobbies, travelling and f**king.
Now, heart disease and melanomas have been common diseases on my dad's side, and he was Persian, but not Zoroastrian/Parsi. On my mum's, diabetes and male pattern baldness runs wild, to the point that by 30 no male needs a comb.
Now, by virtues of the mixing i do have a thick head of hair in my mid thirties, and despite riding by motorcycle around India and suffering 45+ degrees of Indian summers i have never suffered sunburn. It's worth noting that I have very low risk for both diabetes and hypertension.
That being said, a lot of people do have very racist and more importantly, casteist values in this country. Very often I'll hear racist bullshit like "oh, so your mum" followed by some form of slut shaming for marrying my dad. I've never quite understood why this is supposed to hurt me, it's not like the rest of the population was made by budding or something. If anything my mum's choice in men - "I like tall, light skinned dudes with great hair" is arguably the most basic b desire in India.
I don't think I'll ever be having kids as I don't think I'll be a good father. However, whenever I hear bullshit about "well, my culture won't allow" I remind people that my folks got married in 1984. They had a few things going for them- both were financially independent, madly in love, and most importantly, weren't cowards.
It can be done, the caste system and all its evil can and must be brought down. But it requires some courage.
Lastly, at least in my case it worked out.
Improving the genetic stock of the lower caste.
RSS chief, Golwalkar wrote
"Today experiments in cross-breeding are made only on animals. But the courage to make such experiments on human beings is not shown even by the so-called modern scientist of today. If some human cross-breeding is seen today it is the result not of scientific experiments but of carnal lust. Now let us see the experiments our ancestors made in this sphere. In an effort to better the human species through cross-breeding the Namboodri Brahamanas of the North were settled in Kerala and a rule was laid down that the eldest son of a Namboodri family could marry only the daughter of Vaishya, Kashtriya or Shudra communities of Kerala. ANOTHER STILL MORE COURAGEOUS RULE WAS THAT THE FIRST OFF-SPRING OF A MARRIED WOMAN OF ANY CLASS MUST BE FATHERED BY A NAMBOODRI BRAHMAN AND THEN SHE COULD BEGET CHILDREN BY HER HUSBAND. Today this experiment will be called adultery but it was not so, as it was limited to the first child." [M. S. Golwalkar cited in Organizer, January 2, 1961, p. 5.]
Actor John Abraham's Mother is Farsi and Father is Keralite Syrian Christian. When I read your message this was what came into my mind.
Usually white caucasian is preferred in africa, east Asia. U wont change female choice behaviour
You have a great genome and
any woman would be blessed to carry your children.
How tall are you?
I took the ancestry DNA test they sell at Walgreens in the gold box. My results are 3% north India and 6.3% south India. The records show Boro people two marriages in India with the birth of two children in India for one of the couples. There's no more records I can find after Ghandi did his work there. Interestingly, I live in the greater Houston area. Thank you for the interview. If you have any more insight for me, I would appreciate it.
You look white though
It's Gandhi not Ghandi. The British use to cultivate tea in Assam, it's where Boro people are native to.
Do you have romani ancestry
@@blazer9547 I might. Never knew about this. Now I have something more to look into
The caption "The caste system transformed Indian genetics" is misleading. David Reich explicitly states that due to the caste system, genetic mixing did not occur in India, meaning the present genetic landscape is essentially a snapshot of how it was 1,000 years ago. Rather than transforming Indian genetics, the caste system reinforced endogamy, preserving ancient genetic structures with minimal change over centuries.
dang we had the OG apartheid
There was mixing and movement across caste lines. The problem is that a lot of historical records have been destroyed. Read about the history of Holkar Dynasty of Indore. They had humble beginnings. Their caste was also not any warrior caste. Queen Ahilya Bai Holkar used to rear goats and cattle in her childhood. Her predecessor and father in law Malhar Rao Holkar's youngest wife was a Rajput. Now think, if Rajputs were giving their daughter to a Dhangar (Malhar Rao's caste) in mid-18th century, then it is a clear indication that what really mattered was your status...and social mobility was there. Malhar Rao Holkar was made governor of Indore and a general of Maratha Army by a Brahmin - Peshwa Bajirao I.
Even as per British records of late 19th and early 20th century , you can find mention of many intercaste marriages. I personally know many old couples who had intercaste marriages in 1940s, 1950s and 1960s.
Do you Chandragupta Maurya was a Shudra? Mauryas were those people who reared Mayuras i.e. peacocks. Do you know who mentored Chandragupta to become a king? A Brahmin called Vishnugupta Chanakya. Do you know Dhananada of Nanda Dynasty of Magadha, whom Chandragupta defeated was also a Shudra. Actually, the Nanda Dynasty was also a Shudra Dynasty. Nandas picked up arms and became Kshatriyas.
Those speak to exceptions, the norm for the Shudra was to be a peasant, the norm for the Vaishya was to be a merchant, the norm for the Kshatriya was to be a warrior, and the norm for the Brahmin was to be a Priest/Scholar. The caste system was rigid and it was difficult to exit your status by birth.
@@a.k.-72 A good bit of mixing took place in ancient India before caste system became rigid. It is in the DNA of south asians, who are all of mixed heritage.
@@thelegendofalltime9923 It was not rigid in ancient India- the solidification of caste can be timed using genetics to the time when the Gupta dynasty (golden age of Hinduism, apparently) became strong.
Mr Patel, I know you are Indo American, so probably you are looking for Brownie points from your white liberal friends in the US. But you should interview Neeraj Rai , who is a geneticist out of India . He can give you lots of good information. David Reich has his own motivated Reasoning, he is still trying to fit the Aryan invasion/migration hypothesis. Thanks
Update: I will admit one thing though, many upper class Indians, irrespective of castes, have learnt the colour based racism from the British masters. Look how the servants are treated at home by many Indians. It is very unfortunate.
And in last 2000 years or so, jaatis in India have become endogamous, this would spell doom for future Indians. Do inter caste marriages people …
Neeraj Rai is just low rated Geneticist. Probably a sanghi stooge if you ask me.
The caste system saved india
@@lathatampi now it serves no purpose though , time to discard Jaati /Vaarna aka caste. It now divides us, so time to discard.
@@statickk14 no
@@lathatampi Interesting. First musalman conquered, then a few thousand britishers conquered. And, free India has a per capita income of less than 3000usd, Bihar is 900usd. Looks like a success story for the "system".
"Indian" is not an ethnicity, it's a nationality
Not just a nationality. It’s a culture. Ethnically diverse yes. But culturally BORN in this land.
At this point after intense blending it’s also an ethnicity. South Asians are different from other humans.
What blend does a Punjabi have with someone from Kerala?
What blend does a pashtun have with a tamilian?
A Punjabi and a pashtun not only look different from people of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Their languages are mutually unintelligible, their food, attire, music, forklores, literature, habits poetry are all different.
No matter how hard you try to foist a mono ethnic and cultural identity on people, the facts however are different.
@@tins2329 india is the result of colonial creation
@@aqeelkhurshid4860 what would you say about Brahui language that's spoken in Balochistan? It's similar to Tamil
If they are similar then great. I have no qualms about accepting history. It's Indians who are desperate to make claim on things that don't belong to them. One time they say all Indians are the same then in the same breath they say India has many ethnicities!
India is a nationality, not an ethnicity. Pakistan is a nationality, not an ethnicity. The difference is Pakistan is a name chosen by the people of Pakistan. while the name of India comes from Sindh. India is unable to define it's identity without a direct reference to Sindh while Sindh has no such need.
You will just have to deal with the fact that Sindh is your daddy.
The caste system by birth is a relatively new corruption in Indian culture. Originally the “varnas” were simply ones occupational role in society, and you could change jobs. It was changed about 3000 years by the ruling class into the abomination it is today.
Relatively new, as in 2000 years old.
from where are you pulling these numbers out?
Yes Varna was originally an horizontal occupational security infrastructure that [overtime] [corrupted] into Caste which by the Islamic period was used to categorize non Muslim slave work, and then by the colonial period was turned into a vertical heirarchy of elitism to completely collapse the Indian socio-political balance, producing the current tribalized cluster fuck enabled by the secular democracy the west pontificates.
Proud to be Muslim all human same for me as my religion teach me ❤❤❤
Yes we are seeing whats happening to non muslims in muslim countries
yeah right ....go and try to marry an Arab in the gulf especially women ...Islam is ok ....indian muslims do have an element of caste system too but its not out innthe open
Muslims with Arab blood are considered superior in your religion.
Not all humans, but all muslims. Prophet Muhammed kept non-muslim women as slaves.
*Even not all Muslims but sunni muslims@@hiransarkar1236
Would these findings also apply among the Hutus and Tutsis of Rwanda and Burundi, where a similar caste system was at play? But the relationship between Tutsis and Hutus is more recent (centuries) than that between the various groups in India (millenia).
@@ngana8755 different castes in India r not kil....each other like tutsi and hutu
@@drg598 The christians want us to kill each other that way. That's what they are doing in the North East. They are wound collectors who will benefit greatly from sowing the seeds of hatred between jatis
@drg598 the whites and islamists want the indian hindus to fight and perish very badly. Let them pray to their desert gods to make it happen. India will rise.
Hutus and tutsi didn’t exist much as a difference before colonialism
They’ve done away with that system. At least that’s what the Rwanda government claims to have done .
Krishna and Rama were literally dark ! They dont care about castes 😂
They are being whitewashed
They were mythology folks their skin tone don't matter with the dna understood
Reich is brilliant--he talks so fast because he has so much to say.
Lol this is part of the discussion. That's why it seems fast to you 😅. The fulll discussion is also there
at the end of the day....we're all brown
No
No. Dalits/Dravidian are black and some upper caste are white
@@gamingpoint6315 which upper cast are white?? The castes with more steppe genetics are not brahmin, ie jat, roh. And they are hardly white. Dravidians are not sub Saharan African, they very much are brown indians. Look, we are all different shades of brown...accept it
All people are brown.. from pinkish brown (Whytes) to blackish brown (Blakks)..
@@Jeffbrowne45religious people don't care about that
Then they say BrItIsH CrEaTeD ThE cAsT SyStEm.😂😂
Only illiterates or morons claim that, most of us know we are a racist divided society for the last 3000 years, that is why for English it was so easy to play with Indians and also add the excellent military strategist component of the English it was a piece of cake for them.
That's the dumbest statement I've ever heard.
No one ever has said that.
Literal word caste doesn't exist in Sanskrit but Varna does. Caste is a portugese word. Explain that to me dipshyt.
I confirm that We do say this all the time 😂😂
During later vedic period, caste system was same as class based on occupation and economic conditions of the group. That means same today when Dr marries Dr and engineer married engineer. Class, money and status. That divided and will keep dividing.
Later vedic period is more than 2000 years ago . The present situation (and also the situation for the past 1500 years) is that caste is based on birth . Which is the same as today , not the way you put it where dr marries dr and engineer with engineer
I guess Somone won the game of thrones in India. And the great houses stayed the same for Ages
True lol
Lol 😂😂😂
Do not trust foreign professors/scholars blindly, when they talk about India. Their knowledge of India is usually very superficial. Do a bit of research yourself.
There was mixing and movement across caste lines. The problem is that a lot of historical records have been destroyed. Read about the history of Holkar Dynasty of Indore. They had humble beginnings. Their caste was also not any warrior caste. Queen Ahilya Bai Holkar used to rear goats and cattle in her childhood. Her predecessor and father in law Malhar Rao Holkar's youngest wife was a Rajput. Now think, if Rajputs were giving their daughter to a Dhangar (Malhar Rao's caste) in mid-18th century, then it is a clear indication that what really mattered was your status...and social mobility was there. Malhar Rao Holkar was made governor of Indore and a general of Maratha Army by a Brahmin - Peshwa Bajirao I.
Even as per British records of late 19th and early 20th century , you can find mention of many intercaste marriages. I personally know many old couples who had intercaste marriages in 1940s, 1950s and 1960s.
Absolutely! Many many Indians uncritically swallow the load of bilge coming from Western 'scholars' with very warped understanding of Indian society and structure - usually reinforced by centuries of biased and bad (mostly colonial) scholarship. Then they start viewing our society and people through these very lens and start self-flagellating over our ostensible backwardness. Few pause to think that perhaps that is the intended outcome of such 'western scholarship' - continued colonisation of our minds.
Doesn't matter who is the professor, If he is foreign or not. The genetic material that is engraved in our DNA won't change. Why don't you go and check some reasearch paper published by Indian authors and see for yourself.
@@ragtag1723 - study of genetic material that 'engraved' in our dna is a statistical process. Connecting it to actual communities and their evolution over time, the characteristics of those communities over time is a highly speculative endevour given the lack of data on the same. Some (like flow of languages, formation of caste etc) are pure speculations elevated to science purely by circular referencing. This is heavily dependent on previous positions in other 'sciences' areas such as linguistics and historiography etc. Indian authors who primarily depend on western validation, peer-groups, publications etc, are not immune to this practice.
Also even genetic evidence itself is is not an open and shut science. There is much we don't know. Deference to authority (in our case usually foreign authority) is not the way to do 'science'.
Pajee t, foreigner or Indian, the genetic data remains the same. You're only panicking that the majority lower caste might wake up and realise the minority upper caste are outsiders. We already see the results of what a perspective shift like this looks like in Tamil Nadu with the Brahmins being ousted and humiliated day and night.
@@ragtag1723 data doesn't tell a story, story is told by a human. Research hints at something and it keeps changing.
Reading about Indian history and philosophy I think the subcontinent is a Microcosm of world history and events.
A fuckkkd up microcosm
Most of the World don't Shit in the Streets
@@chrisschaeffer9661accept you
@@chrisschaeffer9661 most of the homeless americans shit on streets in usa
This title is completely inflammatory, ANI / ASI does NOT describe the modern form of jati at all. It’s a classic example of westerners using colonial constructs to retrospectively make assertions of India historically. The rigveda mentions varnas, but NOT the British rigidified jatis. Jesus Christ, it’s terrible how simple people’s knowledge of what caste actually is now and what it has been - caste is a Portuguese word!
Patels should rename themselves to Motels.
😂😂😂
Patels actually means "Motels" in the original Indian root word that it's from..
Lmaoo
Tend to find insecure people make fun of others to make them feel superior.
@@indiannajames8428 I promise you that I’m far from insecure. I thank god everyday for being caucasian and not Indian 😂
The Varna system is generally thought to have originated from the Purusha Sukta verse of the Rig Veda. The hymn describes the creation of the four varnas from the mouth, arms, thighs, and feet of the primeval person (purusha).
The word varna literally translates to "color", but the system was not based on skin color. Instead, it was based on classifying people by their characteristics and attributes
These trolls forget the inhuman slavery that is the staple of western society.includes no islam
Slavery was common from millenia. People fought over territory and subdued people from conquered Territories, to think American slave trade is the origin of slavery is petty naive.
When casteism was organized slavery
Clown.
@@TheGeorgeouscasteism is nothing close to the brutal slavary that west practised, in so called caste system no one stopped anyone from having a source of income, house or family independently, compare that to the brutality of the west the genocides done of Natives and tying people in chains.
@@TheGeorgeous casteism which is not even an indian term, is not by any way, means or form Slavery, every jaati even if they were considered outcasts, were not imprisoned or made to work forcefully, they also had their own lands free from the rest of the society and it's actions. Without having any knowledge on these topics don't run your mouth, Greeks have written about no slavery in India, as well as Chinese travelers and even Africans long ago, the beginning of slavery isn't exactly known some would like to attribute it to the middle East region but the truth is no one knows it. However, implying in any way that "casteism", which is a mostly western narrative like this guy calling patels are diff is extremely wrong first of all, the Patel's he's referring to are mostly from Gujarat region, or the western region of India, Patel's of North, North-west will have a diff DNA markup. The trans-atlantic slave trade is the largest scale slave trade known to man, and extremely brutal as well. Meanwhile this speaker has no idea of jaati's in India and he's speaking about genetics of people (we have seen many Harvard professors who have humiliated themselves on these topics in India) , one of the largest study involved 132 people from just one location in southern region of India, and that was done in 2009, these studies done by American partnership and funding have been cause of concern since they don't allow every regions to participate equally and basically rig the results to come a certain way meanwhile Indian studies proved that the genetic markup is extremely similar amongst all jaatis, except for some tribals, who have been secluded for long times living in forests or like nomads. The westerns were made to shut up regarding these things after such studied, otherwise this was huge topic in the 80s , 90s when only the west did studies and very conveniently they'd always find what they theorised.
Man they were just having conversations with the data of genetics , why get so triggered to the point of spouting stupid comments like this.
I beat the Indian cast system as a Brahmin girl by dating outside my race. The best thing I’ve ever done!!!
How about marrying outside race? Kids?
Great job.
What's a Race?? Can you define?
@@rajkishorebehera7489she married to some sub-human shudra (Indian nigeroid)
@@rajkishorebehera7489 Basically, she married a hot, rich and white foreigner, probably went to get educated to UK or Canada or USA, then did what women do best - Hypergamy.
People believe indian subcontinent was only colonised in last 1000 years by Muslim and Europeans but reality is subcontinent continuously got colonised by invading tribes from Northwest for last 5-8 thousand of years and the invading tribes were eventually converted into different castes like Rajputs, Gujjar, Meenas and Brahmins etc. after initial mixing.
ngl, you had me in the first half
You don't know anything midwit
@@ssdaqwe2578 cry more loser
This is the thing you are mistaking, they didn't invade. Cause if they did they would be thwarted. Instead they coalesced peacefully.
*Migration
India has a longest running apartheid system known as caste system with all the human rights issues, American colonialism is nothing compared to colonisation of Indian subcontinent from North West over the period of thousands of years.
India is the capital of spirituality One of the oldest civilization Birthplace of major Eastern rlgns 🕉
Political party people spotted and British apologetic Indian
Islamic colonisation of india is truly a dark period of history
It continues till today. News of Dalits getting attacked crop up in the news very frequently.
😂 No indigenous people left in USA. USA achieved what Hitler wanted.
I am ST from Gond Tribe (so-called lower caste). There was no caste system earlier, only in later periods like last 1000 years or so this Social evil has been developed due to distortions that happened during the civilizational downfalls. Here are the sources to prove what I said:-
Rigveda 10.90.11-12*
*Sanskrit:*
यथा कर्म यथा क्रतुर्यथा भवति जन्म
तथा विधिर्यथा वर्णः
*Translation:*
"As is the deed, so is the thought; as is the thought, so is the birth;
According to deed and thought, so is the order (varna) determined."
*Interpretation:*
This verse suggests that varna is determined by:
1. Karma (deed/occupation)
2. Kratu (thought/intention)
3. Janma (birth)
Occupation and character, rather than birth alone, determine one's varna.
*Another relevant verse:*
*Rigveda 9.113.6*
*Sanskrit:*
ब्राह्मणो विप्रो विद्वान् विपन्यो विप्रः
क्षत्रो राजन्यः क्षत्रियः
*Translation:*
"A Brahmin is one who is wise, learned, and skilled;
A Kshatriya is one who is brave, noble, and protective."
*Interpretation:*
This verse emphasizes qualities and characteristics over birth:
1. Brahmins are defined by wisdom and knowledge.
2. Kshatriyas are defined by bravery and nobility.
Bhagvad Gita emphasizes Varn based on Person's Quality.
*Verse 4.13*:
चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः |
तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ||
Translation:
"The four varnas were created by Me (Lord Krishna) based on quality (guna) and occupation (karma). Know Me to be the creator, yet non-doer."
*Verse 18.41-44*:
ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शूद्राणां च परंतप |
कर्माणि प्रविभक्तानि स्वभावप्रभवैर्गुणैः ||
Translation:
"O scorcher of enemies, the duties of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras are divided according to their qualities (guna) and occupations (karma)."
Thank you brahmin. 😂😂😂
You accepted the truth by yourself and turned a blind eye to reality. Why should we follow the caste system?
Really, scams 😂😂😂😂😂
@@GondTribe I am Indian and confidently say you are not from Gond tribe because I live in Chhattisgarh with one of the largest population of Gond tribe in the country and they don't like to be called as Hindus and have anything to do with Sanskrit etc.
@@ssdaqwe2578Iam gond and this comment proves that he/she is Brahmin 😂 शेर की खाल में सियार
So he is Aryan migration theorist
Its a reality with plenty of proof to support it. Why do people get so triggered for no reason
@@antiwokehuman they get triggered because it means core traditions and belief structures of Indians actually come from external cultures and were not indigenous and that hurts the Hindu extremists pride
@@jasoncolleran2178 true
what's the proof? @@antiwokehuman
Slavs Russians doesn't have South Asian hunter gatherers DNA admixture while North Indians have European hunter gatherers DNA admixture
Long story short, 3000 years later, they're all "STILL" cousins.
Why are outsiders more concerned about India nowadays? They were supporting Pakistanis previously in every matter now why so concerned about us?
You can be considered outsider from the perspective of someone in India
We are concerned what your customs bring to other countries. We need to understand you to know why you don't think the crimes you commit in other countries are actually crimes. Despite even your own government criminalising the same things in india
why are you so insecure with criticism?
@@abhimanyudogra6466 Because it is an invalid criticism that roots in colonial propaganda.
@@anujchaturvedi7122 sure, so for the sake of everyones knowledge, can you point out the incorrect statements and provide refuting evidence from established historians and researchers instead of desperately tagging everything as colonial?
I wonder if the genetic freeze also applies to Britain. From the outside it seems like the classes are more like different tribes occupying the same area. I have heard the upper class claims to have descended from Viking, them being different from the Anglo-Saxon middle class and Celtic working class. The culture might have been effective in keeping lovers apart, but that would imply that the British class system is at least as strict as the Indian cast system. Is it though?
Nope. British intermarry. Indians don't.
Rich & highly educated class cook up stories arbitrarily to distance themselves from people they don't like.
In India, intermarriage leads to honor - killing
It does not apply to Britain, because the class system had more fluidity than India's Caste system.
I'd be curious about that as well - I did read a while ago that people with Norman-French derived surnames (Percy, Darcy, Lovett, Spencer...) do are on average somewhat richer than other ethnically British people in the UK, even if you account for geography. Which suggest a wealth at least has been kept in families to some degree for almost 1000 years.
Dude, most of Europe had the same genetics, European. Indian experiences the most difference in diverse populations.
@@intermilan9731Sir, you sound like some old white lady saying she can't tell the difference between some one who is ethically Korean & another who has strong Southern Indian characteristics.
"They are both Chinese because Korea & India are in Asia, and so is China. So Chinese"
Or a Brazilian & a Guatemalan, being Mexican, because they the both speak Spanish, right?
(If its not obvious, I may have fallen down a Sar-chasm)
Your rely is a ridiculous over-generalization of the people of Europe, their physical appearance and culture.
On the other hand, I Do understand if you mistakenly over-generalized the citizens of the U.S. We Now take a bit more pride in being considered a "melting pot", even though sometimes it feels more like a charcuterie board.
Well this comment section is a shit show from BJP Hinduvta nationalists.
That's your notion which you have no way to prove.
you are very hateful towards Hindus and your comment proves it
Most Comment sections are...probably comments below music videos might be exceptions.
😀😀😀😀
There are two groups.
1 BJP hindutva nationalist
2 Congress jihadi separatist
Choose yours
Rig veda mentions varna system where on the basis of work and duties it was assigned but in later period varna was made rigid in later Gupta period ,
Caste was not part of indian society. It was introduced by Portuguese when they colonised it
Prof Reich is being very misleading in his unstated implication that the gradient of mixture of ASI and ANI is in anyway "full spectrum", i.e., going from full ANI in some people to full ASI in others --- he mentions American Blacks for comparison, among whom the gradient is indeed almost full-spectrum. This would make the division within castes to be essentially racial, although fixed later by cultural norms. In truth, the mitochondrial DNA of almost *all* Indians from Kashmir to Kanyakumari is the same, presumably ASI. The *gradient* that Reich speaks of is mainly in Y-Chromosomes. The mtDNA and Y disparity says that some level of elite dominance may have created the Y-gradient, but every Indian is essentially descended from the ASI native population. A similar elite Y-dominance would be found in the English population say, attributable to Normans and Saxons, but no one implies they are racially different! I think the learned professor should be a little circumspect when speaking of such politically charged matters.
If you take the politics aside, half of what he is saying does make sense. i.e. the DNA changes from north to south and also from east to west. That's what they are showing on the chart too. But, how can they conclude from this chart, that the mixing froze due to the caste system. It very well could have been the case, but the chart they show doesn't prove that at all. There are different castes in every region. It would be interesting to see the caste DNA data of each region.
@@ghrich Prof Partha Majundar of ISI Kolkats showed more than 20 years ago that the mtDNA of Indians from north to south (except in the North-East) is astonishingly uniform. The gradient Reich speaks about is small compared to any other gradient in other parts of the world. A similar genetic gradient has been know for Europe, from South-East to North-West, from the work of the legendary Cavalli-Sforza, who said it was due to the diffusion of framers from Anatolia. No one says that it was frozen in time due to racism/bigotry etc. Yet Indians are ready to believe this BS about themselves!
@@matriputra2624 The DNA sequencings that you can do today vs what you could do 20 years ago are very different. I won't be surprised to see different results than Mazumdar. The idea that mixings of different peoples happened across South Asia (or anywhere else for that matter) isn't a question of "if" but of "when". DNA sequencing can provide some answers to that.
Also, I wouldn't discard Reich's findings just by calling it BS, or because he isn't Indian. On the contrary, I would love to see how he has gotten to the conclusion that the mixing froze due to castism. It seems that the caste system has been extremely rigid for over 2000 years in India, which should reflect in the DNA too. But I am doubtful that Reich (atleast from this video) has that much of granularity in his data. The data needs to be from every caste from different regions and then plotted across the map to show DNA variations based on Castes as well as regions. That would be very interesting to see.
@@ghrich He said mixing froze but he did not make any claims why but we can make some inferences based on global patters observable in data sets like assortative mating, class/spatiality links & so on. I have been comparing castes to all other kinds of social inequities found globally & they are simply known by different names.
E.g. - Genetic correlates of social stratification in Great Britain
Rather we find more interesting data sets in subcontinent, like - Study: Language (not geography) major force behind India’s gene flow
@@dsbdsb6637 he does say that the freeze happened due to caste-system in this video. However, I won't be surprised if that were the case, as in South Asia, caste-based social segregation has been the norm. But I am wondering if there are reliable caste-based data to show the DNA patterns among different castes.
As you mentioned, language, of course is another very interesting one. That can be linked to regions too.
Both Caste and Language/Region can show you interesting DNA patterns.
The word caste comes from the Spanish and Portuguese word casta, which means "race, lineage, tribe, or breed". Th
Weird that the title of this video 'The caste system transformed Indian genetics - David Reich' is the opposite of what he says.
You obviously did not understand what he said. Watch the full video or read Tony Joseph's 'Ancient Indians'. Caste is part 2 of the story of Indian Genetics- the equivalent of which is absent from the rest of the world.
@@tellsparck I watched it. Transformed means to change something, whereas he said 'kept it stable... because of the caste system we see a snapshot without this continuing change'.
@@edbop Not really. Caste system transformed Indian genetics because of the 'founder effect'. Basically, each caste originated from a small number of 'founders' who formed these castes which stopped exchanging genes with each other. Indian population is fragmented into ~5-6 thousand groups (castes). Some of these might be living in the same village, but did not interbreed for many many generations. At present, many castes number in the millions, but each of them originate from a small number of unique founders.There is a good bit of scientific literature on the consequences of founder effect (hint- high inbreeding). Note that a good bit of mixing between the three base populations did take place before caste system became rigid. Pretty unique, and found nowhere else in the world.
@@tellsparck Ok, so you obviously don't have a very good grasp of the English language and/or logic. To change something or for something to be 'transformed', is the opposite of something being 'kept stable' or being 'without continuing change'. There are a variety of useful online resources that may help you with this, for instance the Cambridge online dictionary.
@@edbop Obviously you do not even have a basic grasp of Genetics. At least read up founder effect in Wikipedia to understand how it can transform populations if you care. Btw, my grasp of English and logic was good enough to earn me a PhD in mathematics from a top rated western university.
The book that David Reich wrote has been available for the last ten or more years . Still , this knowledge has barely reached the masses . For the people who argue that caste system exists everywhere , David gives a clear distinction to th indian case where unlike for eg the Europeans where the mixing of populations continued over the millenia and reached a point , indians due to the caste system froze and started endogamy . The proof is literally in our dna yet people still argue as if the caste system in india is just the same as othet parts of the world. Actually its the opposite, its only in india that you see th caste system.
David Reich gets all wrong. There are no old graves in india so he draws conclusion based on graves found in BMAC. The Swat group is parent group of Yamnaya which has mixture of R1a,R2, R*, R1b.
R1b yamnaya can never become R1a of Indians. BTW Indians do not have R1b except people getting in from central asia like turks, dards, hoons, kushans, shaks. Today they are Gujar, Jaat, Rajputs, kashmiri,
So Dr Reich if you reply every one will gain.
Indian theory is R1a entered India much before yamnaya or stayed in afghanistan to North India. There was one republic yodheya at time of aleksander. This Yodhey, Jodhey, Joth, Goth, Jott, Jatt later migrated out as skythe. Yoddha means warrior. So R1a was part of second migration as slavs and Vikings.
It is noteworthy that those who refute the theory of Aryan migration to India also tend to deny the existence of a structured caste system dating back to the pre-Mauryan period. This alignment of views suggests a broader rejection of established historical and sociological frameworks.
Such perspectives often stem from an irredentist romanticization of pre-Muslim India, portraying it as a utopian super-nation-state, free from social hierarchies and conflicts. This idealized view overlooks the complexities and diversities that have historically characterized the Indian subcontinent.
It's the Hindutva washing of history
so basically fascism
Well it's false ok. Around the period of dharmasutras aka the sutras were written by schools of saptarishis it happened during 700 bc approx. In ancient India before 700 bc the kshatriya can become brahmin and a brahmin can become kshatriya. For ex rishi vashishta bragged about his sons prowess in battles. Vishwamitra was of kshatriya origin. And many rishis including parucchepo daivodasah who was the son of the king daivodasah(slave of dyaus) forefather of king sudas was also a kshatriya before he became brahmin. There are lots more instances. But the fact is that this proves that ancient caste system was not by birth
And same people want to name their country as bharat without understanding that simply naming it such reiterates aryan inv*sion theory as bharata was one of the aryan tribes… what on earth are baruhis with dravidian language doing in such a small area in baluchistan and what are brokpas doing in laddakh… what is aryavarh mentioned in vedas and why indra called purandra destroyer of forts… they dont happen to ever read their own scriptures… alexander cunninghum and the likes were very smart… the more they try to disprove it, the more they will prove it… i guess they have never ventured out of their homes to see the diversity… the narrative stems from islamoph*bia and nothing else… they just want to project muslims as invad*rs … for that it is very important they challenge the fact that they themselves were… otherwise they know it… skin colour tells
I'm south African Indian - 3rd generation- I've wanting to trace my roots to India. Thanks for this .
U are most likely south indian since they migrated there
@@sidy6526- Ja I am South Indian
@@jonathanpadavatan3611many dalit have African root also my friend
Whats the difference between Class and Caste aren't they the same?
What i think is Europe got Industrialised first while eventually getting rid of the Classism(like intermixing increased).
No it's not a poor Brahmin get respect for his caste and sympathy for his class ..A poor Dallit humiliated for his caste and exploitation for his class ..
First of all, caste system is against basic principles of Hinduism, there is nothing like caste mentioned in Rigveda, Actually in the starting it was Varna system like a person's surname will be called by his profession, like we call a person Doctor cuz he treats people's and but after the course of time varna system became feaudal and trasformed into caste system 😢
Varna is sanskrit word and caste is english word. So varna and caste means same. The whole veda is inhumane. There is big reason why dr. Ambedkar burnt hindu's manuscript.
What nonsense - go read Megasthenes (or whatever part of it is still available as references by others). What people did was determined by birth (Megasthenes talked about 7 categories / classes determined by birth)
@@sikasbkoju3715 Do you have sense at all ? I want to say that caste system is true but it's not part of Hinduism, Br, Ambedkar burnt manuscript not Rigveda, so show some respect Rigveda, it's direct message from God , and correct your comments
@dhirendrasingh1382 why is it not part of Hinduism, it is part of Hinduism. For such kind or atrocities, discrimination and Inhumane behaviour we need to show respect that lame. Know how to treat other first. It is written by Sage named Vyasa not message of God. First know the genuine facts. What a egoist person. I don't want to argue with person like you.
surnames are caste literally
I have heard that the last name Patel gets used by immigrants because they think that name has some prestige to it and will help them with their fellow Indians in their new country.
Not really. Patel is a surname from Gujarat, primarily a business community. They are found everywhere - all over the world.
And business gives them a mixed reputation in India & abroad. They are an influential community, and well to do as well, but I have never thought of them as being particularly prestigious.
This comment here , typical of an Indian casteist
@@wan2lmao I'm not Indian just heard this from a Canadian girl with Indian parents and her last name is Patel and from Gujarat. I don't know if she was saying her family did it or if she was saying others did.
@@mrgyani yeah it's confusing because it's a very common name
@@Mr_Fairdale This is the subtle undercurrent of caste ever present in Indian conversation . They sneak in caste and family history as a means to somehow feel better about themselves or bring others down. It gets really annoying if you live in it.
I think worth mentioning is how many different languages there are in india making it difficult for people to move as freely throughout the country compared to others that have a uniform language
People speak or understand hindi is most parts except the south
These guys are talking about the spread of "Yamnaya" via r*pe and abduction and then actually claiming that the "caste system" is somehow worse.
Yamanaya (Aryans) -> Corded Ware (Æsir/Asura) -> Fetyanova -> Sintashta and Andronovo-> Harappa mixing -> Vedic Aryans (Ancestral North Indians).
While the Koryos would during bouts of conquest, pillage, abduct, rape like the Vanduls, Vikings, etc, the bulk of the overall change occurred via the migrations which took place after the wars.
For this reason the Aryan expansion is BOTH Invasion and Migration, not either nor neither which the mainstream socio-politics of north and South Indians project.
Difference is that was 4000 years ago, Caste system is still there in every area of Indian society
I hate when I see such inaccuracies being propagated to sustain outdated colonial narratives. The irony is, we still have folks like this Patel guy playing the role of “Brown coolie,” enthusiastically supporting this propaganda. Let me clarify a few points for those genuinely interested in understanding our history.
The so called “caste system” was never an inherent part of our civilization. What existed was the concept of varna, which was a fluid categorization of people based on skills and professions like artists, builders, traders, sailors, and so on. It was a dynamic structure meant to organize society based on one’s abilities and contributions, not a rigid hierarchy. Over time, however, the idea of varna was misrepresented and transformed into the hereditary caste system we see today.
The British played a significant role in institutionalizing caste divisions during their colonial rule. In 1847, they introduced a rigid framework and pitted one caste against another by favoring a few with wealth, land, etc. This was mainly to divide and rule Indian society, turning what was once a flexible occupational system into a tool for exploitation and control. Their policies ensured that people began to identify more strongly with caste, and over generations, this division became deeply entrenched.
Adding to this, the British left India partitioned along religious lines, sowing the seeds of perpetual conflict with Pakistan and East Pakistan (Now Bangladesh). They also instilled a pro British government that obeyed their orders to further weaken the society for years, even after independence. These divisions were deliberate, ensuring that South Asia would remain fragmented and prone to internal strife, diverting focus from larger, unifying national goals.
It’s time we recognize these manipulations and reject the distorted narratives that paint our history in a negative light. India’s rich and diverse civilization is far more nuanced than the oversimplifications often pushed by so called intellectuals. Let’s work towards unity and understanding true history, rather than being misled by outdated colonial propaganda.
#stopbeingabrowncoolie Patel
In his project Reich coined the term Indo Eurosians for Ancestral North Indian but he was forced to abandon the term. The real history of India is sometimes distorted by vested interests of higer caste people.
If you go to countries like Singapore, Malaysia or Fiji, places with very high Indian populations, you'll see that caste discrimination literally doesnt exist anywhere. That is because most Indians living in those places are descendants of lower or middle caste Indians who were either brought by the british or migrated willingly during the raj. They went outside India and realized how bullshit this whole idea of caste is and left it behind. But in countries like America, UK and Canada where most of the immigrants are upper caste you will unironically find slivers of the system lol.
Dwarkesh literally looks like the classic indian wojak guy.
the amount of misinformation and no reality check is absurd no caste based discrimination is happening currently in india only in villages and illiterates do caste discriminations . Earlier it was varna system where if u were qualified enough to be a bhramin u can be one . Bhramin was a profession not a caste in today’s age scholars scientists , doctors would be considered Brahmins. Kshatriya would be politicians kings people in army etc later it got fixed and became caste system . I don’t understand why people are so illiterate in this comment section
L
W
Go to many "villages" like Pushkar, and see the Nepotism Brahmins lying & cheating tourists for cash in 2024.
Can't imagine what happened when there were no cameras in ancient times.
Approxiamately 38000 dalits are killed every year in India. There are not hundreds not thousands but 10s of thousands of cities and villages where untouchability is practiced. All you have to do is search for Dalit rape and youll open your eyes.
@@विनयजोशी1 Joshi it is only Brahmins like you who deny this. Since you will never have to face caste discrimination anyways.
This is literally one of the most insane information I've ever learned
When a white man says something the Indians accept without questioning. When an Indian says the same thing he will face a hundred questions.
That Whites man is researchers😂
Kindly do DNA test to clear your mind. I did it its clear my mind.
The white man knows nothing ,He is not born in lndia,if l want to trut anything only from indianpeople.
M
Do your dna test than bark here
Because Indian researcher try to white wash their castest history but other say as it is just like max Muller
Kindly use the word indian subcontinent instead of South Asia
Are you against geographical directions?
@@tantuceNo they're dehati converts with access to cheap internet and a sense of low self esteem & insecurity.
@@gmresports2414 u just want to be on a pedestal
@@gmresports2414 no I don't want to be called it as indian subcontinent with a scummy a$$ country like india.
It's better It's south asia
@@gmresports2414 caste system genes kicking in lol
Racism against Indians and racism coming from Indians are two absolutely baffling realities that we must contend with
@@jakemorrow6742 the reality is the British developed a theory that white aryans are responsible for Indian civilisation which is a lie
This is not about racism , this is an attempt to tell you tha your system is rigid which it is not . Castes are based on work people do .
@@ujwalsardesai7352
No , it was varna which is based on work .
Caste is based on birth .
Earlier we used to have varna system which is job based . But in last 1000 yr , it has changed to a more rigid birth based caste system.
Caste and varna system both are different
Racism would be pure hate. But that's not it. Indian prefer to have fairer skin but they don't absolutely hate people who are darker.
Does the caste system hold on indian populations that were primarily indentured workers in Pacific Islands like Fiji, in parts of East and Southern Africa and the Caribbean?
Wait but some experts says Indians are mixed with African blood too
No Indians have nothing to do with Africans genetically
They are Ethiopia ruled southern India
There's no African blood in India except for Siddis.
@@topzoe4761no it didn’t lol
Do not make any false claims. I do not know from this video, it seems that people of other countries are more worried than Indians about whether our DNA matches with that of Indians or not. Look at your country.
The caste system prior to the British was not based on light skin. But unfortunately a lot of people accept this racial nonsense from Europeans about the AIT which claims that somehow there are two ancient 'races" of Indians and this geneticist is still sitting here spouting racial ideology even though genetics supposedly disproves any concept of race. Just for example, one of the Princely elites, Ram Singh III, during the British era, took photos of himself and his court and they were all dark skinned. Yet when you see paintings of him and his court, they are depicted as light skinned. Or as another example, just look at Bollywood which exclusively tries to paint all Indians as light skinned which is ridiculous. Of course, Bollywood itself is based on the British film industry and since the early period has been heavily influenced by people of Parsi descent (Persian). And speaking of Bollywood, the ancient cultural dances of India were practiced by Devadasis in the various temples throughout the country which the British outlawed. Most of those Devadasi were again dark skinned looking just like the ancient sculpture of a female from Mohenjo Daro. And then there were the Nautch girls who were basically exotic dancers and dancers for royals and private events, again dark skinned. So these guys are just regurgitating old racist nonsense. And lets not get into the fact that the ancient genetics of India are tied to the first OOA populations and Australian aboriginal populations (who also have straight hair). But of course these Europeans with their racial theories cant accept diversity and has to promote nonsense.
Utter nonsense being spewed by the arm chair experts who haven't even visited India for 1 day.
It is surprising that people outside India have such real grasp of India as compared to Indians themselves. Brahmins have systematically built an apartheid system so brutal and so casual that their discrimination feels natural to most Indians.
@@AbhijitZimare On point!
Caste doesn't exist. It's "jaati", which means "species, breed, race". There's no "caste" system, it's a race system. The only reason it's not called that is because DNA and anthropologists recognize the various groups as the same race. However, Manuvad and varna began long long LONG before anthropology and DNA. It functions EXACTLY the same as racism.
So what’s the role of Islam in this? There’s been so many major historical events and migrations since the Caste system was founded that surely there is more nuance than just a stabilized ‘freeze’.
Islam didn't destroy the caste it simply modified it
India is about 80% Hindu, only about 14% islam
Yes, there is mixing with Muslims, but not in the way you think, and I will explain it to you.
Indians have three main admixtures, AASI, Iranian Farmers and Indo-Europeans from the Steppes. The first Indian civilization was Harappan, which existed in Pakistan, Iran and Northeast India. Genetic studies of the Harappans indicate that they were 65% Iranian Farmers and 35% AASI. These Harappans gradually began to mix with the AASI of India, creating two genetic profiles: Ancestral North Indian and Ancestral South Indian. From Central Asia the Sintasha (Indo-Europeans) mixed with the Iranian Farmers and to a lesser extent with the Western Siberians, giving rise to the Indo-Iranians, who migrated to South Asia (Iran, Pakistan and India).
The Indo-Iranians (mixture of Indo-Europeans and Iranian Farmers, with some Siberian), mixed with the Ancestral North Indians (mixture of Iranian Farmers and AASI), and mixed to a much lesser extent with the Ancestral South Indians (mixture of AASI and Iranian Farmer). The mixture gave rise to the Modern Indians who later created the Castes.
Most of the Indian gen z don't care about their cast
Wait for few decades caste system will be erased
They care about their race and ethnicity tho. This is already making a problem in western nations
I'm in my class 10th and yesterday only I got called for my "low" caste. it is now usual for me
@evana_sshaikh exactly .
they claim titles of something they don't even follow
@evana_sshaikhmore brutal casteism in college anyways
Yeah. Most of these gen z Indians are the same cringe as their parents, obsessed with fair skin.
Interesting to read the comments here from experts on India who do not speak any Indian language, have read no Hindu text, but know everything there is to know about India. Physician, heal thyself
I don't know why it would be embarrassing for these samples to come from Houston. Houston is an extremely diverse city, and we notably took in a large amount of Afghan and Syrian refugees over the last few decades.
Its embarrassing that they figured this out from two dudes in Texas instead of india.
@@salvatoreregalbuto5444 I'm proud of it. 🤷♂
Romans strictly followed caste system.. there were colonial dedicated to each caste based on their jobs
There is a big difference between class and caste. Here in India even if you become the world's richest person you cannot remove your caste
Class =/= caste
That's Class system.. Not caste system.
2000 years ago. What's your Excuse?
Flag fetishists are often dogmatic AF.
Very nicely explained ❤
What is he saying about the Rig Veda? Who told him that nonsense?
Varna system is one of the best systems if followed correctly. It dreams of a world of supermen and superwomen who excel in specialized professions and make themselves ready to receive higher knowledge. We are scared of excellence that's what it is.
The people are identified for suitable professions like a Kshatriya would be warrior following meat diet and getting education from Gurus about weaponry and administration. A brahmin would be disciplined with bland vegetarian diet, focussing on intellectual pursuits, a craftsman would inherit the ' tricks of his trade' from his tribe and Gurus , producing excellent works of art and temples etc . He was allowed sexual promiscuity to develop his sense of art and appreciation of beauty. They would follow this in particular clans so that the grandson could literally continue the ' life ' lived by the grandfather and further the craft. Remember we are talking about a culture where rebirth and karma are a given . A person from another culture which does not believe in rebirth can NEVER understand this system
It is the unwritten law of the universe which the western man cannot perceive. For example, take a person like Jack Dorsey. He is actually following brahmin life without realizing it
As an African American, seeing anti-black racism in Indian people really caught me off guard. I know those issues are everywhere, I just didn't expect people who are often darker than me, to have that. Interestingly, every Indian in this video is really pale in comparison.
Does anyone like black people?
@@Finnegan-s-cake You should be asking, do people like Indians first.
Wait until you see the way Africans treat each other based upon their complexions.
We didn't enter your land and uprooted you from it, put your people in slavery and exploited your resources, so we owe nothing to you, you playing victim on Indians is not going to work, we are in our land.
@@ralphhanzel1596 That's not even an Indian 😂
The caste system in India originated more than two thousand years ago, and has now acquired sophisticated forms also.
so much crying seething and coping in the comments section😂😂😂
Buddhism and later Islam played a crucial role against caste system in India. People from all castes upper to lower were attracted by the equality in Islam. Today All Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh and 220+ million Indians are muslims today their ancestors were Hindus. So now Ratio is very much 1:1 among Hindus and Muslims in South Asia. Also Muslims of South Asia is even more diverse due to mixture of Turkic, Persian & Arabs among Muslim converts of South Asia who came as Soldiers & Immigrants and married among Muslim Converts.
The Muslims who converted from upper caste always glorified that in their auto-biograpghy. All great muslims mentioned their uppar hindus caste as proudly and still had a surname on basis of caste. Though majority of muslims converted from lower caste.
Lol muslism in Pakistan use caste(biradari) they call poor people chamar . They are proud to be a upper caste jaat or rajput . What are u smoking man . ☪️ is more racist . U know first black slavs were brought up by muslim invaders .
No, Pakistanis have aryan and Iranian genes
Don't take proud on FORCEFULLY converted. Also caste exist in Muslim too . Shia suni
@@MichaelWadhwania Nope! They are mix like all north indians except pasthun and baloch have some middle east DNA.
Hinduism must recognise its mistake and abolish casteism, there is no place of casteism in modern era.
There is no reference to casteism in Hinduism so moot point
@@ramicollo in main books only . Coz other books are written by some sage . Shivaji maharaj was lower caste right ? Yet people would kill anyone who disrespects him 🙄. Bhai ye librandu leftist ko ignore kar inka time agaya
Yup . Abolish caste
@@ramicollo Hindu is not religion , it is lot of groups of castes .
Abolish religion itself. Modern era doesnt even require it to function.
Patel, you should have asked the professor if the caste system existed before or after the Aryans invaded India.
Amazing.
Found a convenient reason to justify casteism today 😂
Invaded?
@@akherverullunjuk1954 According to the BBC there was an invasion.
@@TheGeorgeousnobody's is justifying it, where did you get that from?
No system exists in Hinduism