Battle of Abritus, 251 AD - Roman Empire faces a Gothic-Scythian army - Crisis of the Third Century
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- Опубліковано 19 лис 2024
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📢 Narrated by David McCallion
📚 Big thanks to Dr.Byron Waldron and Srpske Bitke for working with me on this video.
🎼 Music:
Epidemic Sound
Filmstro
📚 Sources:
Boteva, D. 2001: On the Chronology of the Gothic Invasions under Philippus and Decius (AD 248-251), Archaeologia Bulgarica 5, 37-44.
Boteva, D. 2020: Some Considerations Related to the Scythica Vindobonensia, in F. Mitthof, G. Martin & J. Grusková (eds.), Empire in Crisis: Gothic Invasions and Roman Historiography, Vienna, 195-212.
Bursche, A. 2013: The Battle of Abritus, the Imperial Treasury and Aurei in Barbaricum, NC 173, 151-170.
Bursche, A. & K. Myzgin. 2020: The Gothic Invasions of the Mid-3rd c. A.D. and the Battle of Abritus: Coins and Archaeology in east-central Barbaricum, JRA 33, 195-229.
Carter, M. L. 1985: A Numismatic Reconstruction of Kushano-Sasanian History, Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society) 30, 215-281.
Davenport, C. & C. Mallan. 2013: Dexippus’ Letter of Decius: Context and Interpretation, Museum Helveticum 70.1, 57-73.
De Blois, L. 2018: Image and Reality of Roman Imperial Power in the Third Century AD: The Impact of War, London.
Dodgeon, M. H. & S. N. C. Lieu. 1991: The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 226-363: A Documentary History, London & New York.
Grusková, J. & G. Martin. 2015: Zum Angriff der Goten unter Kniva auf eine thrakische Stadt (Scythica Vindobonensia, f. 195v), Tyche 30, 35-53.
Grusková, J. & G. Martin. 2017: Neugelesener Text im Wiener Dexipp-Palimpsest ("Scythica Vindobonensia", f. 195v, Z.6-10) mit Hilfe der Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse, ZPE 204, 40-46.
Johne, K. -P., U. Hartmann & T. Gerhardt (eds.). 2008: Die Zeit der Soldaten-Kaiser. Krise und Transformation des Römischen Reiches im 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. (235-284), 2 Vols., Berlin.
Martin, G. and J. Grusková. 2014: “Scythica Vindobonensia” by Dexippus(?): New Fragments on Decius’ Gothic Wars, GRBS 54, 728-754.
Pearson, P. N. 2022: The Roman Empire in Crisis 248-260: When the Gods Abandoned Rome, Barnsley, South Yorkshire.
Potter, D. S. 1990: Prophecy and History in the Crisis of the Roman Empire: A Historical Commentary on the Thirteenth Sibylline Oracle, Oxford & New York.
Potter, D. S. 2020: Dexippus’ Gothic Anthropology, in F. Mitthof, G. Martin & J. Grusková (eds.), Empire in Crisis: Gothic Invasions and Roman Historiography, Vienna, 357-368.
Potter, D. S. 2022: Decius and the Battle near Abritus, in R. Evans & F. Tougher (eds.), Generalship in Ancient Greece, Rome and Byzantium, Edinburgh, 139-150.
Wolfram, H. 1988. History of the Goths, trans. T. J. Dunlap, Berkeley & Los Angeles.
#rome #documentary #history
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Keep up the great work 👑
Love your content man! You're the Best! Hearth please ❤❤❤❤❤
I used Incogni for several months, they make it seem like they're clearing you off the lists of data brokers but never seems to get to 0 while charging a monthly fee. Every month the list of brokers would inevitably refill with new lists. I found this frustrating and cancelled service and now I get more spam mail than ever before. I don't know if this means anything about how they do business, but it was my experience. Also, great video, the content here is always peak and informative.
great video
Hello. A good film.
Hey! I am from the village of Dryanovets, where the battle took place! There is a legend that Decius's golden chariot is buried somewhere in the swamps a few hundred meters from my house, and we occasionally find stuff from the battle!
It's cool that archaeological finds have now firmly connected that area to the battle! It is so fitting that we now know that the swamp that ended the life of Decius is the area now known as the 'Big Marsh'.
That is awesome bit of trivia. I never knew about the chariot story.
@@HistoryMarche Well, it's only a local legend, only people from this region have heard of it. Sadly, the terrain has changed significantly from that time and there's almost no swamps as of now. I don't even think there are any.
Damn! 😍👍
Hope you find that chariot !!
1:46
Brings forth an ox as a sacrifice to the algorithm
29:55 - Romanus eunt domus.
@@tedcrilly46"People called Romans the house they go" that's motion towards isn't it? It should be domum.
Romani ite domum, write it out a hundred times.
CHATGPT:
Sanguinarii Germani Domum Ite
Sanguinarii Germani Domum Ite
Sanguinarii Germani Domum Ite
Sanguinarii Germani Domum Ite
It didnt work
@@reeyees50 "Imperator Aurelian enters chat"
"How's the Roman Army doing?....To shreds you say...."
"Well, how's the general holding up?......To shreds you say...."
Was the roman garrisons rent controlled?
did they at least die painlessly
@@animationfanatic2133
Cnivas's strategy is awfully familiar to Daniel Morgan's strategy & victory at the Cowpens during the American Revolution. The British nearly got wiped out like the Romans from the double envolopment & 3 battle lines with a controlled retreat.
'If I die, tell my wife I say... ave.'
@@SolidAvenger1290Well, Cniva clearly studied his American revolutionary history.
I cannot understand how HistoryMarche manages to make so many videos so quickly while keeping up (and even improving) their art style, historical reasearch, script writing, and Video resolution. You gotta make a video on how you make your videos.
I know you work with many historians, artists, video editors, etc who are outside the channel, but my goodness the pace of your videos remarkable.
I have NEVER seen any History Edutainer make videos these good this quickly. What's your secret?
Likely the writing staff and being the foremost channel with the latest animated map designs that other channels try to replicate. Epic History had to borrow/let HM contribute some map animation years ago.
They’ve taken 1st places over kings and generals in my opinion. K&G went full propaganda mode after Ukraine conflict.
It's possible they finish several videos before uploading them back to back. It could be why they seem so fast.
@@stevenpatrick9213 Not only that, but they are keeping a lot of the top shelf stuff for channel members now.
K&G fell off if you aren't shelling out 5 a month.
@@stevenpatrick9213true, but even if they hadn't, history marche would still be waaaay better than k&g
That cockroach freaked the f*** out of me 😅 Don't do that again!
Agree.
I was eating and phone was near my plate, it was terifing
I thought it was quite clever
like in amnesia xD
Lol I was all freaked for a second. Glad I wasn't alone :)
Ikr I was eating my oatmeal and I thought a bug or a roach had got on my phone 😂.
It is been a 6 days since historymarche uploaded his latest video but not long after he upload another video again! But little bit I know that he is the One of the finest UA-camr of his time "undefeated in battle"
Hi all. I wrote the script for this battle. If you have any questions please ask! My other collaborations with HistoryMarche include Aurelian, the Third Samnite War, Satala, Edessa, and the Margus. If you're interested, I have a book on the Tetrarchy titled 'Dynastic Politics in the Age of Diocletian', which is now available for 25 pounds on the Edinburgh University Press website.
Also, if anyone is wondering why this video is so different from the Kings and Generals version of Abritus, that's because a whole lot has been discovered in the last ten years (fragments from the account of Dexippus, archaeological finds, the coins mentioned in footnote one) that this video takes into account.
Why is this battle far less known than Teutoberg Forest or Carrhae? In those other battles a big Roman army was annihilated but Rome was able to bounce back and even lead punitive expeditions afterwards. With Arbritus, a Roman army, heir to the throne and Emperor were all destroyed and it ushered in a century of instability and the Roman Empire teetering on the edge of collapse over and over again. Is it because the Empire was collapsing that we just don’t know as much of this period?
@@bukeleliberty5517 It's an interesting question! Abritus is certainly much less famous, which relates in part to the fact that no truly detailed or evocative account of the battle survives. Nothing survives that compares to Livy's account of Cannae, Plutarch's account of Carrhae or Ammianus' account of Adrianople.
But as for why fewer details of battles are recorded from the third century, there are a number of likely reasons:
1. As you say, it may be that the chaotic conditions of the third century are partly to blame.
2. The more detailed accounts that did exist have been lost or only partially preserved. For example, we know longer have the works of Dexippus of Athens (who wrote a chronicle of history up to 270, as well as a work on the Roman-Gothic wars of the third century, which only survive in fragments), or Nicostratus of Trebizond (who wrote a history covering Gordian III up to Odaenathus), or the Historia of Aurelius Victor (which, as has recently been argued, was the basis for much that was written in the fourth century), or the Historia of Eunapius of Sardis (who wrote a history covering 270 through to 404).
3. Literary tastes changed. The sources that do survive tend to be epitomes and chronicles covering the material in these lost works, but in much less detail (e.g. Eutropius, Festus, the Chronicle of Jerome). These epitomes and chronicles first became popular in the fourth century and remained popular into the early medieval period. They were considered to be more convenient than longer classical Annales and Historiae, and this is probably why they survived whereas those lost works didn't.
4. The advent of Christianity in the fourth century led to a proliferation of Christan genres that were far less interested in secular affairs.
Another confusion between goths and getaes. Even in video's maps the so called goths are placed in territory of actual Romania. The inferior Danube inhabitants were called getaes or gets by any historians. They are a branch of dacians tribes mixed with baltics migratory tribes, established in eastern side of Dacia. At that time goths have nothing to do with Germans who are located north of middle Danube river. And yes, it makes sense the alliance with scythians because they come from same roots of thracians tribes who covered the north of Black Sea
Good effort, trying to write anything cohesive on such poor sources is bound to draw criticism, yet it's always important. In a way, I would hope that these cases help people understand the importance of preserving our history and culture. Having recently watched the archives of an entire state be flooded by rain here in Brazil, I wonder how many holes will be there for future historians.
First bazbattles does a roman video today and now history march!!!! What a good day it is
Just shows how remarkable the achievement of Aurelian was given the difficulties he had to face in the Crisis of the Third Century. Also Gallienus should be given proper credit as well
Agreed. I would recommend watching The SPQR Historian's channel. They have a lot of detailed content about the Crisis of the Third Century, and did in my opinion the best Aurelian documentary video. Gives Gallienus a great video as well.
More Roman era battles please. Maybe some of the battles of Aurelian, or Claudius Goticus, or the many more battles that allowed the empire to survive the 3 century crisis.
We need more antiquity battles.
They have already done an entire series on Aurelian
@@dyutimandas9772 Yeah, we need more.
1:54 That was a big ass roach..
I love how detailed the map looks! These guys are really one of the best on UA-cam
Decius: Oh , let's engage the enemy in a muddy terrain, it's not like we are gonna be trapped
It would be similar to how General Tarleton attacked the Continental Army at the Cowpens. Daniel Morgan, like the Goth King, used the terrain and 3 lines of defense in depth to make their British counterparts too overconfident.
Right before Aurelian came into play in the theatre of Rome. I love hearing about the lesser known battles more than anything, even if they only consisted of 10,000 men both armies combined.
Nothing I love more than learning about a skirmish between two Greek city states or leagues in 600BC, or the minor battles of conflicts like the Punic Wars, Successor Wars, and the like. There is just something so... emboldening about it.
Yes more Third Century Crisis videos! thanks HM!
Glad you like them! Always good to see you KHK
@@HistoryMarche Why didn't the Persians also have civil wars and encomy loss?
@FlaviusRed23 Well, exactly in the early third century, a civil war brought down the Partian dinasty, starting the Sasian one which ruled Persia for 400 years
@@FlaviusRed23Sassanian
@leonardopicconi781 I know that, but they still Persians. I'm just saying they also have large Empire
You do a really nice job on these battles. I like that you set up the context by going back several years, it helps my understanding of the conflict.
Good job!😅But,How Ulpius Trajan conquer the Babilon în 115- 117 A.D.?And what happen with that emperor....😊😅😅😅
The cockroach made me throw my phone to the floor. History marche used a feigned roach and i hv been utterly routed
This is one of the best channels some people go to fast I love the narrators pace and clear speaking
5 years ago there were excavations for new building in the center of Plovdiv /Philippoplis /, a nightmare for property developers, and the archaeologist found a whole street burnt by the goths. Under one crashed roof she found three bodies - two teenagers 16-18 years old and a child - between 4 and 6 years old. Between the bodies was a purse full of silver coins. In the chest of the child an arrow was found. The archaeologist then stated that that is the first material evidence of the Gothic invasion of Phillipopol.
Wow! A grim reminder of the many non-combatants who fell during this period.
Scipio Africanus and Caesar turning in their graves
But Hannibal is smiling.
This was a great video: I wasn't aware if the scope and importance of the Abritus campaign and the influence it had over the Roman empire in the following decades.
#1 historical battle Channel on UA-cam
Abritus was situated near modern city Razgrad in North East Bulgaria. Many Gothic and Hunic invasions as many battles took placeon modern Bulgarian terretory., but were not talked about at all. So that is very informative clip which covers another blank spot.Abritus Archaeological Reserve, located 2 km. east of the town of Razgrad, is one of the most remarkable cultural and historical attractions in Razgrad Municipality. The site is a cultural monument within the National Significance category, among the list of “One hundred Tourist Sites of Bulgaria” /a Bulgarian national movement/.Historical festivals are aslo held there with a lot of reenactament.
Its odd that this battle is so unknown considering an emperor was killed in it.
This was the crisis of the third century. Emperors rose and fell on a dime.
@@SplendidFactor yes but only 3 of them were ever killed or captured in a battle
I've seen so many videos of Roman battles lost like this. It paints a pictures of Romans assuming their brute force and discipline will always win the day, without giving a second thought to strategy.
Excellent video as always!
The infiltration stratagem used in the siege of Philipopolis has remarkable similarities to the one used in the siege of Alamut seen in the Prince of Persia film.
I wonder if the former was the inspiration for the latter??
It's a coincidence, as the relevant fragment of Dexippus' account hadn't actually been discovered yet :)
That is fantastic video again from Historymarche
I almost threw my phone away ! That cockroach was real 😂
Where was that?
@@alexanderkordas6821:53
The best documentary channel on UA-cam. Thank you for adding the Arabic translation
I appreciate the human aspect of narration... such that AI could NEVER accomplish. Thank you for your time, effort and appreciation for the historical accuracy of your work. Thanks!
Thank you for the kind words. And thanks so much for supporting my work. Much appreciated!
@HistoryMarche Please continue Hannibal series. I joined this channel because of your exemplary work on second Punic wars. I love it. It is nothing short of a masterpiece. Please finish what you started.
Great video's, always informing us about the bloody historic battles :D .really intresting topics which makes you watch it for much longer,his nararation is the best and I respect you for your dedication for these video's🫡🫡🫡🫡
May this comment be a sacrifice for the algorithim.
How many times do we hear that an army is caught because of their greed for plunder? I guess the Goths dodged a bullet on this one! Excellent video, once again!
Philip the Arab was an Arab from Syria, Emperor Elagabalus was half Arab and his cousin was also part Arab - Their Grandmother, Julia Maesa, was the first woman on the Roman Senate and she was full Arab. All of them are from Syria.
Philip the arab was roman not arab
So he came from arabian province that is why he took the took the that nickname
@@ibraahimyuusuf8271 He is 100% Arab - look it up
@@ibraahimyuusuf8271 and look up Julia Maesa
@@ibraahimyuusuf8271 He was Arab - look it up
@@ibraahimyuusuf8271 Look him up
Woohoo HM video out at last, been waiting for this video as I've watched all the recnet ones and have started going through them again from the start 😂 Love your content @historymarche ❤️ my favourite if not the best history page on UA-cam 🎉
Little did the Romans know they were making a sacrifice to the algorithm.
One thing is for sure 100%. Cniva was an extraordinary capable man. Also Romans finally got caught in technology and organizational skill by everyone involved in this video. Nobody was scared from them any longer.
Yeah, let's advance in formation over marsh ground at night. I'm sure that won't backfire at all.
The Abritus - the moment the Crisis of the 3rd Century truly kicked into gear.
I want to see a documentary on the battle of Adrianople ( 378 AD) please make it.
Working on it now, actually.
This is incredibly well done. I love the 30 plus minute videos. Keep it up I love having the background.
LOVED IT. The Romans always Fascinate me, its my favorite time period to learn about. Great video!
Finally a useful sponsor!
Cnyva used steppe warfare tactics against the Romans in bad swamp terrain, which is surprising to say the least.
So the Empire at it's weakest following this debacle so ordained the coming of Aurelian two decades later. One of the biggest badasses in Roman History
Like I said b4... Late Antiquity and the Marche are Magic together
Ads are killing this app !
Thanks for the history lesson, awesome job
It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage episode shared by an amazing ( history Marche )channel
This was a great one! Wow, that ending battle was devastating.
Feels eerily similar to the battle of the Cowpens given that Cniva's strategy ( 3 lines of men & controlled retreat) almost resembles Daniel Morgan's tactics against the British army in South Carolina when the Redcoats were chasing down Morgan's army and like the Romans saw a decisive defeat.
Thank you very much for adding Turkish subtitles to your videos
I was wondering if there are any battles from the Near East that you can create? It would be cool to see. Great work and your rigorous attention to detail.
What a pleasant surprise to get here early. Awesome video as per usual!
What an epic day!
History march gifts us the perfect video and the Glorious return of BazBattles!!!!
"His head cut through above the teeth" really takes the fun out of ruling an empire.
HistoryMarche. The master of the battlefield!!
I love history and this channel, but I find that the information I'm given doesn't stick to my brain.
Great channel never disappoints!
Known for their sad countenances, black clothing, metal piercings, and white makeup the goths were one of the more terrifying armies to face!
i Love this Channel , The Narrator is The Best. I WANT MORE...
WOW! A video about Trajan Decius (not to be confused with Trajan, conqueror of the Dacians). Trajan Decius or just Decius was an Emperor during the crisis of the 3rd century. What next? Gallienus!?!? I could only hope. You could insert the Vince McMahon meme and then say Aurelian and I will be flipping out of my chair. I do wish there hadn't been a crisis because it would make remembering the chronology of all of this a lot easier.
I already covered Gallienus a bit in the Battle of Satala video. Check it out ua-cam.com/video/T2571JUYAlI/v-deo.html
@@HistoryMarche You're mixing up Gallienus with Galerius :P But Gallienus receives a little bit of coverage in the Aurelian series.
However, @kingjoe3rd, I'll soon be writing a video for HistoryMarche on another battle that, while it doesn't involve Gallienus, the broader video will give a fair bit of attention to Gallienus.
Hello boss, do you know something about the Hannibal series? @@byronwaldron7933
I live in the city of Philipopolis (todays Plovdiv) and didnt expect to see it here at all - especially with such detailed siege. The scheme of the ancient city is quite accurate. Actually the stadium is excavated and the place in the wall where the Goths entered is a very central place. Also the hill behind which Cniva concealed his army is one of the pretiest sights of the city. I love to walk my dogs there! :D
Another video for my historymarche album 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
You always make My day with your content! Will you do more reconquista videos? Please cover jaime the conqueror 😊😊😊😊
A video on my favorite period of history from my favorite channel :)
Absolutely love this stuff, you guys do a Incredible job Illustrating this History, Subbed and thank you for your work on this.
Much appreciated! Welcome to the channel.
Decius waited too long. His hubris and religion got in the way. Julius Caesar would have attacked immediately after having understood the lay of the land. In Italy and in the Balkans, there are no swamps. Romans, like Americans today, thought from their own perspective and knowledge, oblivious of the possibility of completely different perspectives and circumstances than in Italy.
After the 3rd Century Crisis, the Roman army had to adjust to being defensive and not offensive. An increase of the use of calvary was slow to take hold in the Roman army and will result in the disaster at the Battle of Adrianople in 378.
That's just not true. In the century from about 270-378, the Roman army defeated nearly every foe they came up against. They invaded Persia several times, and launched punitive campaigns beyond Rome's borders almost annually. And this was the era of the mobile field armies that were very heavy on cavalry compared to earlier periods.
Types my praise to honour HistoryMarche and as my humble offering to the great Algorithmus.
Tremendous video as always. I love the videos where I’m not sure who the eventual winner will be.
Its been a while since you posted about hannibal im really curious what will happen next love your work
Working on part 20
@@HistoryMarche thanks , looking forward to it
as always, excellent piece of masterwork,,,thank you
Another great video from my favourite channel.
Great 👍 video
Great Channel ❤❤❤
As always when Hannibal? 😢😢😢
Soon!
@@HistoryMarcheFinally! An answer to the Hannibal question! God's be good to HistoryMarche!
Thank you for this post.
We want The rest of Hannibal video please!! :)
No cockroach again man! That freaked me out! 😅😅😅😅😅
Ooh this the channel that made the 6 part belisarius video. Hella good
Excellent video. Well done
Roman legions in swampy woods. What can possibly go wrong...
All this could be avoided if Alexander severus had Better military advisors or if he didn't listen his mother
Watching your vids has become my top 3 most interesting thing to do. Thanks for pursuing it.
Another Roman L showcased by HistoryMarche. We want pre-dystopia Roman battles! We demand it!
Note taken :)
@@HistoryMarche Thank you :) Some of us just can’t handle seeing Romans being defeated by barbarian scum!
Nah, eternal glory to the tribes that brought Rome to it's knees -- opening the path for Germanic control of Europe (which lasts till the present day).
@@ssrmy1782lol Rome fell because of Rome. Plain and simple.
Very good program
The big was a nice touch bro 😂
Cniva is built different fr🔥🔥
Decius didn't read his history. He ignored the lessons against ignoring the terrain.
PROVIDE YOUR SACRIFICE TO THE ALGORITHM! FOR THE EMPIRE!!!
About to debug the video.. found it.. it was an excellent addition !
Enjoyed the video,great channel 👍😀
Happy Day
Kudos. Fascinating stuff.
great stuff. my favorite history channel.
winner takes all..great as always history marche⚔️🛡️
Cniva invented bushcamping
🤣🤣 That guy that lays prone in a bush at the NEAF for 2 hours, waiting for someone to show up.
Thanks for the video!
excellent as always
what a great surprise
thumbs up
Thank you 🤗
Well done. Thank you.