Why the hell do people dislike this content? He spends time out of HIS life, and spends HIS money, to make quality content for you guys! Why dislike that?
Maybe because it's their opinion, and there is an option to dislike what you don't neccesarily enjoy? Don't get me wrong, i love this channel, but people have a right to their opinion.
True chemist on youtube. Your contributions towards public education is greatly appreciated. One day, we'll make a bust out of you once we know your identity.
transhealthy After several minutes of kicking the door is kicked down, exposing the dimly lit lab beyond. The air is thick with the smell of... nothing (Always use a fumehood!) Cautiously you approach the figure in the shadows. Quickly darting forward you snatch at the labcoat... which falls away revealing nothing but a tape recorder. 'Goodbye fellow nurd...' Only then do you notice the ominously bubbling beaker. The explosion is heard three miles away.
NurdRage Hey, where can I learn more about you? Like why aren't you in a school or research institute, using their resources for your videos? Maybe you can work with KhanAcademy to get proper funding to educate the world! I've contributed but it's sad to see quality education videos, produced by awesome people like you having to rely on (though not fully I assume) donation rather than to have enough earnings from your videos to fund them.
I love watching your videos. I did not do well in Chemistry in high school, but with the way you explain things, I can follow along and understand how you're getting from Point A to Point B without feeling like a complete dunce. So, thank you.
Recomended current density for a graphite anode is 30mA/cm^2 :) And bromide concentration in the solution also matters, because too low may also cause excessive anode wear. Hope this helps!
I'm gonna say no, not unless you do it separately, in an anhydrous environment. Not sure what lead sulphide chemical formula is in Galena, but this is how you could do it for sodium sulphide: 2 Na2S + 2 Br2 = 2 NaBr +S2Br2 Then the sulfur bromide could be used like in this reaction with water. An easier way to make sulfuric acid would be to mix mineral oil and sulfur together and heat. This will produce tons of hydrogen sulfide. This can react with copper sulfate or produce insoluble copper sulfide and sulfuric acid. Copper sulfate could be made from oxidizing copper sulfite I bet, possibly via electrolysis, or That could be made via sulfur dioxide, water, and copper oxide/hydroxode. No point in making it though when you can buy ammonium sulfate in bulk. It's magical stuff: heat it up and it releases lots of ammonia gas as it forms ammonium bisulfate. Ammonium bisulfate acts much like sulfuric acid for most double displacement reactions, just lower yield and lots of ammonium contamination. You can mix it with a nitrate to distill nitric acid, though. Ditto for almost all other acids that can boil away.
Nurdrage! I just wanted to say that this video is awesome and that I'm really happy that you've been making more videos. Also I'd like to apologize for not supporting you financially. I'm a student and things are rough but once I graduate I'll be donating. Keep it up!
I always enjoy watching your videos thank you! Before watching them i had almost zero interest in chemistry. Based on an earlier suggestion of yours i looked and bought robert bruce Thompsons home chemistry book and have been slowly building up a small amount of chemistry equipment. I have successfully completed about 2% of your experiments but still enjoy watching every one of them. I particularly like the safety element of you include in your videos since i dont have a lab nor a fume hood. It's great to have you back. I know from trying to get my own lab equipment that it can be expensive and after watching your previous video will try to throw some funds your way. Thank you and look forward to seeing more of your videos! By the way really liked the video on the thermocouple. Listening to you freak out on the price tag issue was funny as hell!
My $2 going to good use. This is the type of stuff I'd wished I had learned in chemistry class, but no we just got the girls track coach doubling as a chemistry teacher.
What you can do and think of is so over my head. I can build and fabricate and design robots and other things, but what you are able to do I wish I could understand and think like you do. I love your videos. Thank you
You rock bro, thanks for the lessons. Maybe you can put a filter/screen on the rod/rods to hold the graphite dust? Probably cost some power through resistance though I guess..That was alot of current though and it took forever...Fully submerged electrodes may make a difference by avoiding gas but I don't know for sure.
Super intriguing method! Can't wait to see or read about your improvements -especially due to the lack of sources for "electrobromination" route of acid production. Top notch as always
I'd just like to add that you should always have a bucket of a thiosulfate solution around whenever you're working with bromine. If something goes wrong you can use the thiosulfate to oxidise the bromine to bromide. This is one of the safety mesures we always use in the university labs in Freiburg, whenever we're handling bromine. Lab safety is important.
You mentioning the stench of Sulphur Bromines..... that's why I first got into chemistry when I was a kid..... the idea of brewing up some unholy stenches.
I have another interesting reaction to propose to you, Nurd, which also happen to involve SO2. The Bunsen reaction: 2H2O + SO2 + I2 → H2SO4 + 2HI (120 °C) The H2SO4 and the I2 + HI solution are roughly immiscible, so the H2SO4 can be separated (top layer) You recover your iodine either by 2HI → I2 + H2 (450 °C) or by oxydizing it with a cheap oxydant, like say 2HI + MgO = MgI2 + H2O + I2 Please don't bite my head off...
Isn't reaction of MgO and HI a simple acid-base reaction instead of a redox reaction? Also, I2 is also a really expensive element, so I guess Br2 can be used instead. But for purely academic purpose, it may work (although HI and H2SO4 are miscible as the first reaction is aqueous).
+Anon technically this is a transmission of data over State lines- so is a email, or a out of State fax. Such transmission do not grant a patent, but they do offer protection in time to file for a patent. Its sort of like a temporary patent.
NurdRage next time try multiple lead points for copper or a full ring of it with multiple connection points for the cathode. more even current flow and try it at switching between 1.65 amps and 2.00 amps every 2.5 hrs. for about 45 hrs
An alternative to lantern batteries for carbon rods possibly carbon gouging electrodes. They're clad in copper so its just a matter of pealing the part in contact with the solution away
I wonder how this compares to the membrane process. this can directly oxidize sulfur while the membrane process needs any sulfate salt and a catalyst NaOH CaSO4, MgSO4 with an anion exchange membrane or NF membrane where the latter is cheaper and can be homemade. ammonium sulfate can be used with CEM and also NF membranes with CEM being easy to make and just needs a few commonly bought items and a temperature controlled toaster oven.
I remember 'discovering' a process like this when reading about sulfur chlorides. (Salt and hydrogen peroxide.) I can imagine there wouldn't be much about this in the literature as it's basically just cobbled together from interesting reactions, a possibility but likely not of industrial importance.
Amazing video as always Nurdrage! Thank you! Hopefully you can find some cheap Platinized anodes that will work for you. Also, I doubt MMO would work, but if you care to try it I have a bunch of surplus mesh MMO anode material, I could send you a couple strips to play with.
Please, next time when you have a more effective technique show us more details on what temp we should distill at and the voltage and amps you use for electrolysis.
If you can make a sealed system and use the platinum electrodes, it seems you should be able to almost infinitely recycle your bromine making the process fairly cost effective, provided you are producing large quantities.
get 2-5 grams of gold it should be around a few hundred dollars but with that gold you can gold plate some iron rods and now you have a perfect electrolysis tool and enough gold to gold plate reactions that can oxidize your tools.
good one. its got me thinking. doesnt burned sulfur bubbled thru water make acid ? meanwhile a new idea ... its based on how wal-mart wants an old battery in exchange when you buy a new one. they charge you $12 absent this 'core' well the old one has a bunch of acid in it. and more so if you first give it a charge. then dump it into a pan. distill to clean it up. and voila, you have sulfuric acid in the 25-35% range.
A qustion, can lead electrodes (or better yet lead silver alloy electrodes) be used instead of graphite? Can PbO2 coated graphite electrodes be used instead?
Why does the sulfur need to be at the bottom? Doesn't bromine attach to water molecules somewhat? [H-O-H~Br-Br~H-O-H] ~ meaning partial electron sharing. Since Oxygen withdraws electron density away from Hydrogen (because it has a higher positive charge), the Hydrogen atoms are partially positively charged and the Bromine can have a somewhat dipole moment in as it moves in water. Bromine water is documented to undergo Br2 + H2O > HBr + HOBr which alignes with my idea and would mean the Bromine disperses in the water solution maybe not with uniform density but as more water is converted to H2SO4 and since it is denser than water the H2SO4 would donate Hydrogen from the bottom up to the water molecules above it resulting in a movement of Hydrogen upwards as the solution gets more acidic meaning that the Bromine would be carried upwards.
Here is the main question i have! I noticed that you did NOT have the "Time to crush your dreams" disclaimer. Does that in fact imply that this method is more budget friendly? Also, As someone who electrorefines recycled copper to get a premium off of blemished wire and tube, I would assume that current density was pretty high. I have no real idea what the max is for the exact setup you used, but to get a reliable, solid, and consistent copper buildup (closer to copper plating than simple uncontrolled electrowinning), the optimal voltage is less than .3V, with a current density less than a TINY 10-20 mA/cm2. What is cool is that it has a greater than 99.9% purity post processing, and the overall power required is .75kWh/KG (much higher for my stuff than in the resources I saw due to other losses). Current density CAN be raised for a faster process time... but since I am a college student in NO rush, I dont really care. I keep it low and slow just to have some metallic company in my garage. :-P In your case, since you are NOT trying to achieve the same type of result (a solid piece of copper vs dissociated sulfuric acid ions), that automatically gives you a big boost to the current density, but based on the nature of electrodes you have avaliable, I would see how 100, 250, and 500 mA/cm2 perform. Typically, in my experiments, it was the increased voltage that caused more waste, heat, and destruction. The only way to raise the current density of course was by reducing resistance adding more acid, OR by overcoming resistance with voltage... Acid is expensive, and destruction wasnt my goal... so back to low and slow. I used a manufacturing process datasheet to determine this information. IIRC, the one linked below. www.ct.ufrgs.br/ntcm/graduacao/ENG06631/5-b_copper.pdf I do use some of the other more advanced setups they note, including polarity reversal to remove nodules. (LOVED that microscope video you made where you could see the traces grow into massive branches when energized) This process of polarity reversal, I do 20:1, again, time and waste are not as big to me, and get great results. This was the video you made that I love sharing with others... SO cool. ua-cam.com/video/fnyBldC4Ra4/v-deo.html
Awesome videos, it would be rad to follow in the great inventors foot steps who photography was invented with silver iodide and the deguerre process with mercury.
Solutions of halogens are potent oxidants. I wonder if sulfur and 5 M hydrochloric acid would work? Maybe you could substitute selenium for sulfur and make selenic acid. Better yet, selenium dioxide mixes with hydrochloric?
Interesting set of reactions. Looks like one of the carbon electrodes got attacked at the solution interface. I wonder if there was some oxygen there? Could inserting the carbon electrode in a ceramic tube would shield it from interface effects. Why 5M HBr - that seems stout if the HBr is not consumed. Nice job, thanks
I have always wondered how much chemicals do you spend on cleaning your glassware and what do you use? The stuff that you do isn't something that is easily scrubbed off, even with detergent.
I didn't know Anonymous did Chemistry. Good for them
Miguel Sanchez needs more upvotes
lmao this comment
Savage
I wonder if he's Virgo
122
*112th
Why the hell do people dislike this content? He spends time out of HIS life, and spends HIS money, to make quality content for you guys! Why dislike that?
ikr. this guy seriously is cool
GamingWithViro -Viro- Jealousy.
Haha maybe :P
GamingWithViro -Viro- probably misclicks
Maybe because it's their opinion, and there is an option to dislike what you don't neccesarily enjoy? Don't get me wrong, i love this channel, but people have a right to their opinion.
True chemist on youtube. Your contributions towards public education is greatly appreciated. One day, we'll make a bust out of you once we know your identity.
nura loh The bust will just be a black box with a button. You push the button and a voice comes out that says "greetings fellow nurds".
transhealthy After several minutes of kicking the door is kicked down, exposing the dimly lit lab beyond. The air is thick with the smell of... nothing (Always use a fumehood!) Cautiously you approach the figure in the shadows. Quickly darting forward you snatch at the labcoat... which falls away revealing nothing but a tape recorder.
'Goodbye fellow nurd...'
Only then do you notice the ominously bubbling beaker. The explosion is heard three miles away.
***** Shhh
*****
First we attack Iron Maiden, then Led Zeppelin. How dare these western dogs misappropriate the names of elements?!
+Gareth Dean lol
Thank you everyone for supporting me on patreon, indiegogo and youtube fan funding! My next video will be a thank you and shoutout to all contibutors.
No, we should give the thanks for such great videos!!
***** People can afford to donate $150 and I can't even have $50 to get basic lab glassware... Life is unfair.
PS: Congratulations for your move pal!
Thanks to you mate!
My first chemical channel
Giorgos Metalhear I feel that bro
NurdRage Hey, where can I learn more about you? Like why aren't you in a school or research institute, using their resources for your videos? Maybe you can work with KhanAcademy to get proper funding to educate the world! I've contributed but it's sad to see quality education videos, produced by awesome people like you having to rely on (though not fully I assume) donation rather than to have enough earnings from your videos to fund them.
I'm showing this to my bromides back at home.
Goldfish_Vender You don't think they'll find it a little too shocking?
Hah. Stop.
🤦♂️
really glad at the sudden increase in video production.
***** I agree, happy to see the channel getting more active. :)
That just means he back at it with his murderous ways. U might be his next victim
I don't mind dying for science nor fun xD
RuggedALAN She*
Connor Murray We don't know if NurdRage is a he or she definitively.
I love watching your videos. I did not do well in Chemistry in high school, but with the way you explain things, I can follow along and understand how you're getting from Point A to Point B without feeling like a complete dunce. So, thank you.
Recomended current density for a graphite anode is 30mA/cm^2 :) And bromide concentration in the solution also matters, because too low may also cause excessive anode wear. Hope this helps!
Ur awesome nurd rage. Good to have u back!
Can something like this work with galena instead of sulfur?
Cody'sLab assuming it's what you need the galena for
Cody'sLab btw big fan :)
CODY!!!!!!! I LOVE YOU!!!
I'm gonna say no, not unless you do it separately, in an anhydrous environment. Not sure what lead sulphide chemical formula is in Galena, but this is how you could do it for sodium sulphide:
2 Na2S + 2 Br2 = 2 NaBr +S2Br2
Then the sulfur bromide could be used like in this reaction with water.
An easier way to make sulfuric acid would be to mix mineral oil and sulfur together and heat. This will produce tons of hydrogen sulfide. This can react with copper sulfate or produce insoluble copper sulfide and sulfuric acid.
Copper sulfate could be made from oxidizing copper sulfite I bet, possibly via electrolysis, or That could be made via sulfur dioxide, water, and copper oxide/hydroxode.
No point in making it though when you can buy ammonium sulfate in bulk. It's magical stuff: heat it up and it releases lots of ammonia gas as it forms ammonium bisulfate.
Ammonium bisulfate acts much like sulfuric acid for most double displacement reactions, just lower yield and lots of ammonium contamination. You can mix it with a nitrate to distill nitric acid, though.
Ditto for almost all other acids that can boil away.
You could roast the galena and take the SO2 and revert it back to elemental sulfur :D
Thanks man its really effective and destroying flesh, some bones were left though :(
Nurdrage! I just wanted to say that this video is awesome and that I'm really happy that you've been making more videos. Also I'd like to apologize for not supporting you financially. I'm a student and things are rough but once I graduate I'll be donating. Keep it up!
I always enjoy watching your videos thank you! Before watching them i had almost zero interest in chemistry. Based on an earlier suggestion of yours i looked and bought robert bruce Thompsons home chemistry book and have been slowly building up a small amount of chemistry equipment. I have successfully completed about 2% of your experiments but still enjoy watching every one of them. I particularly like the safety element of you include in your videos since i dont have a lab nor a fume hood. It's great to have you back. I know from trying to get my own lab equipment that it can be expensive and after watching your previous video will try to throw some funds your way. Thank you and look forward to seeing more of your videos! By the way really liked the video on the thermocouple. Listening to you freak out on the price tag issue was funny as hell!
nice!
It's always good to know another way to make sulfuric acid.
A video every week and I can't be any happier!
My $2 going to good use. This is the type of stuff I'd wished I had learned in chemistry class, but no we just got the girls track coach doubling as a chemistry teacher.
one of the best chemistry videos on youtube ive watched this many times
What you can do and think of is so over my head. I can build and fabricate and design robots and other things, but what you are able to do I wish I could understand and think like you do. I love your videos. Thank you
You rock bro, thanks for the lessons. Maybe you can put a filter/screen on the rod/rods to hold the graphite dust? Probably cost some power through resistance though I guess..That was alot of current though and it took forever...Fully submerged electrodes may make a difference by avoiding gas but I don't know for sure.
Don't understand how anyone would dislike this???
Super intriguing method! Can't wait to see or read about your improvements -especially due to the lack of sources for "electrobromination" route of acid production. Top notch as always
شكرا لانك ترجمة هذا الفلم للغة العربية انا متابع ومشترك من العراق
It's so cool that you discovered a new process of making sulfuric acid.
It’s so cool actually and making disulfer dibromide into a process of making sulfuric acid is really hard to do
i have 0 idea what he was saying but i enjoy the cool vid :D
yesssssssssssssss Haven't seen your videos for quite a while,,I'm Glad Your are updating your channel!!!!
I have no idea what's going on but it looks neat.
does this guy have a doctorate? he's amazing
MusicKnowte think so
MusicKnowte He does, he is a PhD in Chemistry
tank you. I love sulfuric acid and nitric acid
add then together with glycerine and u have nitroglycerine BOOOM
I'd just like to add that you should always have a bucket of a thiosulfate solution around whenever you're working with bromine. If something goes wrong you can use the thiosulfate to oxidise the bromine to bromide. This is one of the safety mesures we always use in the university labs in Freiburg, whenever we're handling bromine. Lab safety is important.
If I wasn't broke and in debt I would contribute to your patreon dude. Keep doing what you're doing man.
Thanks for the short intro video, I really appreciate it,
only the best, never disappoints.
You mentioning the stench of Sulphur Bromines..... that's why I first got into chemistry when I was a kid..... the idea of brewing up some unholy stenches.
I love how much you love to do what you do..
أطال الله عمره الشيخ ورزقه دخول المسجد الأقصى مكبر ومهللا وفاتحا مع الصادقين من هذه الامة
You should put the links for the funding in all your videos
gladion00 Brilliant idea! i'm on it.
I do not understand any of this, but i still watch these videos and think they are prettycool lol
I will probably do this later.
This is awesome NurdRage! Refine that method and get this published!
Oh you know just came up with a new way to make sulfuric acid. Nbd bro
To heck with the yield: forge boldly onward! Nice job and interesting.
Excellent video! I'm sure refining this method will improve yield and purity.
...this is why your the best!!!
I have another interesting reaction to propose to you, Nurd, which also happen to involve SO2.
The Bunsen reaction: 2H2O + SO2 + I2 → H2SO4 + 2HI (120 °C)
The H2SO4 and the I2 + HI solution are roughly immiscible, so the H2SO4 can be separated (top layer)
You recover your iodine either by 2HI → I2 + H2 (450 °C)
or by oxydizing it with a cheap oxydant, like say 2HI + MgO = MgI2 + H2O + I2
Please don't bite my head off...
Isn't reaction of MgO and HI a simple acid-base reaction instead of a redox reaction? Also, I2 is also a really expensive element, so I guess Br2 can be used instead. But for purely academic purpose, it may work (although HI and H2SO4 are miscible as the first reaction is aqueous).
Your videos are amazing
I bet that jar of sulphur smells amazing.
Damn really needed that process
very very cool video. i didn't know about this method, thumbs up :)
Dr. Stone lead me here
+Anon technically this is a transmission of data over State lines- so is a email, or a out of State fax. Such transmission do not grant a patent, but they do offer protection in time to file for a patent. Its sort of like a temporary patent.
NurdRage next time try multiple lead points for copper or a full ring of it with multiple connection points for the cathode. more even current flow and try it at switching between 1.65 amps and 2.00 amps every 2.5 hrs. for about 45 hrs
An alternative to lantern batteries for carbon rods possibly carbon gouging electrodes. They're clad in copper so its just a matter of pealing the part in contact with the solution away
I wonder how this compares to the membrane process.
this can directly oxidize sulfur while the membrane process needs any sulfate salt and a catalyst NaOH
CaSO4, MgSO4 with an anion exchange membrane or NF membrane where the latter is cheaper and can be homemade.
ammonium sulfate can be used with CEM and also NF membranes with CEM being easy to make and just needs a few commonly bought items and a temperature controlled toaster oven.
I remember 'discovering' a process like this when reading about sulfur chlorides. (Salt and hydrogen peroxide.) I can imagine there wouldn't be much about this in the literature as it's basically just cobbled together from interesting reactions, a possibility but likely not of industrial importance.
Great Job! I am doing this, using pieces of catalytic converter with platinum plating as my catalyst! :) Thanks!
I always learn cool things watching your channel. Cheers!
NurdRage It also looks like the vapors from the reaction corroded your alligator clips on the electrodes pretty badly.
Magneto! kek
tGhIeNrGmEiRte wat?
Magneto! You can see how the material has been attacked at 1:10 and 2:50
Magneto! I think he means a knew word "kek". Its for "insulting" people...
UNNÖTIGE VIDEOS kek
Try using 316l welding rods from local welding supply and lower the amps to .1 to .5 or so at 12 volts.
Amazing video as always Nurdrage! Thank you! Hopefully you can find some cheap Platinized anodes that will work for you. Also, I doubt MMO would work, but if you care to try it I have a bunch of surplus mesh MMO anode material, I could send you a couple strips to play with.
you can buy carbon rods from welding stores be easier and cheaper than pulling apart batteries.
Please, next time when you have a more effective technique show us more details on what temp we should distill at and the voltage and amps you use for electrolysis.
I'm downloading this before it gets flagged for being too useful.
I'd recommend investigating permeable plastic sheets/bags to contain the carbon rods
Fascinating
This method is very cheap industrially, and is far better than mixing sulfur oxides and water.
If you can make a sealed system and use the platinum electrodes, it seems you should be able to almost infinitely recycle your bromine making the process fairly cost effective, provided you are producing large quantities.
Is it possible to use graphite from pencils instead of carbon rods?
get 2-5 grams of gold it should be around a few hundred dollars but with that gold you can gold plate some iron rods and now you have a perfect electrolysis tool and enough gold to gold plate reactions that can oxidize your tools.
I absolutely idolise you brilliant video!
Very interesting process, but wouldn't someone who can get hydrobromic acid, be able to get sulfuric acid for sure?
Well done
good one. its got me thinking. doesnt burned sulfur bubbled thru water make acid ?
meanwhile a new idea ... its based on how wal-mart wants an old battery in exchange
when you buy a new one. they charge you $12 absent this 'core'
well the old one has a bunch of acid in it. and more so
if you first give it a charge. then dump it into a pan. distill to clean it up.
and voila, you have sulfuric acid in the 25-35% range.
Nice work!
I never understand what is happening xD but I enjoy it
future nurd rage sent me
Great video!! Loved it
Reacting hydrogen sulfide(H2S) with copper(II) sulfate(CuSO4) solution is also a way to produce sulfuric acid.
NurdRage Try using carbon fiber as anode. It is electrically conductive and is stronger than carbon electrodes found in batteries.
This is awesome.
What about the Lead Chamber process?
in my 60's: new word for the day "erlenmeyer flask" then looked it up titration flask...
erlenmeyer is much easier for me to memorize vs titration
A qustion, can lead electrodes (or better yet lead silver alloy electrodes) be used instead of graphite? Can PbO2 coated graphite electrodes be used instead?
Why does the sulfur need to be at the bottom? Doesn't bromine attach to water molecules somewhat? [H-O-H~Br-Br~H-O-H] ~ meaning partial electron sharing. Since Oxygen withdraws electron density away from Hydrogen (because it has a higher positive charge), the Hydrogen atoms are partially positively charged and the Bromine can have a somewhat dipole moment in as it moves in water. Bromine water is documented to undergo Br2 + H2O > HBr + HOBr which alignes with my idea and would mean the Bromine disperses in the water solution maybe not with uniform density but as more water is converted to H2SO4 and since it is denser than water the H2SO4 would donate Hydrogen from the bottom up to the water molecules above it resulting in a movement of Hydrogen upwards as the solution gets more acidic meaning that the Bromine would be carried upwards.
you should melt down the sulfur and make it into flakes then perhaps they wont float
Thanks for sharing!
That was so cool
wait you made this process! cool
well done
Here is the main question i have! I noticed that you did NOT have the "Time to crush your dreams" disclaimer. Does that in fact imply that this method is more budget friendly?
Also, As someone who electrorefines recycled copper to get a premium off of blemished wire and tube, I would assume that current density was pretty high. I have no real idea what the max is for the exact setup you used, but to get a reliable, solid, and consistent copper buildup (closer to copper plating than simple uncontrolled electrowinning), the optimal voltage is less than .3V, with a current density less than a TINY 10-20 mA/cm2. What is cool is that it has a greater than 99.9% purity post processing, and the overall power required is .75kWh/KG (much higher for my stuff than in the resources I saw due to other losses). Current density CAN be raised for a faster process time... but since I am a college student in NO rush, I dont really care. I keep it low and slow just to have some metallic company in my garage. :-P
In your case, since you are NOT trying to achieve the same type of result (a solid piece of copper vs dissociated sulfuric acid ions), that automatically gives you a big boost to the current density, but based on the nature of electrodes you have avaliable, I would see how 100, 250, and 500 mA/cm2 perform. Typically, in my experiments, it was the increased voltage that caused more waste, heat, and destruction. The only way to raise the current density of course was by reducing resistance adding more acid, OR by overcoming resistance with voltage... Acid is expensive, and destruction wasnt my goal... so back to low and slow.
I used a manufacturing process datasheet to determine this information. IIRC, the one linked below.
www.ct.ufrgs.br/ntcm/graduacao/ENG06631/5-b_copper.pdf
I do use some of the other more advanced setups they note, including polarity reversal to remove nodules. (LOVED that microscope video you made where you could see the traces grow into massive branches when energized) This process of polarity reversal, I do 20:1, again, time and waste are not as big to me, and get great results. This was the video you made that I love sharing with others... SO cool.
ua-cam.com/video/fnyBldC4Ra4/v-deo.html
Awesome videos, it would be rad to follow in the great inventors foot steps who photography was invented with silver iodide and the deguerre process with mercury.
Solutions of halogens are potent oxidants. I wonder if sulfur and 5 M hydrochloric acid would work? Maybe you could substitute selenium for sulfur and make selenic acid. Better yet, selenium dioxide mixes with hydrochloric?
Interesting set of reactions. Looks like one of the carbon electrodes got attacked at the solution interface. I wonder if there was some oxygen there? Could inserting the carbon electrode in a ceramic tube would shield it from interface effects. Why 5M HBr - that seems stout if the HBr is not consumed. Nice job, thanks
Yay, love when videos start confusing me
Thanks, hoping for a 24v.
Same. No series. (Series ^ molar)
2h2mg+ 12hcl.
Real cool!
Is this procedure more for the science, or do you use it to make sulfuric acid instead of buying sulfuric acid online?
Could you make a video about making sulphuric acid from sulphur and nitric acid?
Why don't you stir the sulfur with the HBr to make a more uniform solution before adding the electrodes? Or at least break up those big chunks?
I have always wondered how much chemicals do you spend on cleaning your glassware and what do you use? The stuff that you do isn't something that is easily scrubbed off, even with detergent.
Maybe you could do a video on the inert nature of Teflon?
How we make selferic acid from water and citric acid
Fair enough