Hosni Mubarak: The Rise and Fall of Egypt's Dictator
Вставка
- Опубліковано 15 чер 2023
- This was Hosni Mubarak, the autocratic ruler of Egypt whose three decades in power came to an abrupt, bloody climax in 2011 after a popular revolt swept across the Arab world.
Mubarak's ascent was atypical. Unlike Iraq's Sadam Hussein or Libya's Muammar Gaddafi, Mubarak did not partake in a military coup or otherwise gamble life and limb in order to attain power. Instead, he was simply Egypt's second-highest ranking government employee whose last promotion came because of a vacancy at the top.
************************************************************************
Sources:
EGYPT AND THE GULF CRISIS: THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP UNDER MUBARAK Author(s): Mahmud A. Faksh
The Defeated Pharaoh: The Fall of Hosni Mubarak Mary Rofaeil
State of Africa Since Independence, Martin Meredith, 2011
www.britannica.com/biography/...
www.google.com/amp/s/amp.theg...
www.google.com/amp/s/www.alja...
www.encyclopedia.com/people/h...
thearabweekly.com/looking-bac...
www.google.com/amp/s/www.bbc....
www.google.com/amp/s/www.insi...
www.globalsecurity.org/milita...
www.newsweek.com/hosni-mubara...
Will history deliver justice to Hosni Mubarak?:
www.google.com/amp/s/gulfnews...
www.cfr.org/article/whole-wor...
www.madamasr.com/en/2020/02/2...
www.newframe.com/judging-muba...
www.britannica.com/place/Egyp...
www.latimes.com/obituaries/st...
www.wilsoncenter.org/article/...
www.amnesty.org/en/latest/new...
www.bbc.com/news/world-middle...
mg.co.za/article/2020-02-25-h...
**************************************************************************
Music:
Heartbreaking Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
creativecommons.org/licenses/b...
Desert City by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com/
John Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: chriszabriskie.com/uvp/
Artist: chriszabriskie.com/
African Drums (Sting) by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Artist: www.twinmusicom.org/
Meditation Impromptu 03 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com/
Enter the Maze by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com/
Drums of the Deep by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com/
Desert City by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com/
Silence by Kai Engel is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial License
#egypt #mubarak
Finally. The trilogy of former Egyptian leaders. Been waiting for the Mubarak episode for awhile. Keep it up! 💯
A nice video,,I am in Kenya 🇰🇪, I remember as a boy residing in Nairobi in the 90s , hearing on the TV the name 'Hosni Mubarak' being mentioned every now and then in this program known as 'Dunia Wiki Hii'.
do you see a ruto in him?
@@Mziza45 Not really.
I know this is supposed to be a 3-part series, but I hope you can make a video about sisi or the following 2012 election, 2013 coup, and rabaa massacre
You are improving in your video editing. Congratulations on another great video.
you create FANTASTIC videos!!!
I'm extremely happy to find this channel. There isn't much quality English language African history education available, and this helps to fill that role.
Now I will have to catch up on the first two installments of this series. 😮
Another great episode as usual! please do the same for Sierra Leone. Starting with the first president after independence, Sir Milton Margai. As in many Sierra leonean's opinion he was and probably still is the only president who genuinely wanted to make a change for the nation. Then possibly the downfall starting with Siaka Stevens and other presidents to date?
Milton Maragai was Prime Minister I really loved that Guy
Interesting as usual. If possible, please create similar series for other african countries
I second this
Affirmative.
Thanks, another informative and well made video. Love your channel!
I'm always stunned by the simple brilliance of your video/ documentaries!!! Great work.
It always ends bad for Africa Presidents, the new ones never learn either.
ruto
@@footballhighlights7222 exactly l
Simply because they are not presidents. Not anything near. In my view, they think themselves more as gate keepers..
Islam is the reason
@@yoyomoneysingh9181Especially in Egypt.
Please make a video about former Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo, and also any political figure from Algeria and Tunisia.
I surppot your request.
Your documentaries are very informative and well researched. Glad I subscribed.
Beautiful voice and Beautiful narration
Thanks!
I've been waiting for this video ever since the nassir episode
I can't wait, really a controversial figure
Just a fantastic summary!
Your channel is amazing. Thanks for these videos! ❤
Great work. Thank you
Very good, thanks for sharing Big Dog.
Hosni Mubarak is not a dictator and anyone claims that he was a dictator is either an idiot or biased.
Winning with a 97% majority is not realistic. Nobody is that popular. I like Mubarak but it's pointless pretending that he wasn't a dictator.
If Joe Biden could receive the most votes of any American President in history, why is it impossible to believe that Hosni Mubarak won the Egyptian Presidency with 97 percent of the votes???? At least Mubarak was an intelligent man and he wasn't a stupid idiot like Joe Biden.
@@greyfells2829See my remark .
@@greyfells2829
it was a referendum not an election, and unfortunately Egyptians don't go to referendums in general, even those who oppose selecting Mubarak don't go to the referendum, that means, he got 97% of the voting voices.
in 2005 it was a real election between multiple candidates, I myself didn't choose Mubarak in it, I selected Noaman Gomaa who came third, Mubarak got 88% of the voices, and we all know that none of the other candidates was a real threat or capable of challenging Mubarak, common people really loves Mubarak and even during 2011 revolts, most of the common people living or having business around Tahrir square were against the revolts and tried to convince them to stop the protests but unfortunately the young guys were hardly deceived and brain washed
@@lanaofficiel4042
Where is it ? I can't find it
Great work here! Thank you!
Great Triology! Like it a lot. Thank you,
this channel is awesome
This was a very detailed video and very long. I learned a lot about modern Egyptian history with the videos on this channel
Egypt is a country which is ruled by dictatorship or people prefer dictatorship , Mubarak released 1500 and at the sametime arrested 2500
Please, do Morsi and Sisi too! Thank you in advance
You make history a good subject. I used to hate it in school
Was my favorite subject
Please do add Mohamed Morsi in the series
Who cares about a criminal who accomplished absolutely nothing. Mohammed Morsi was so low class compared with the Egyptian Presidents before him.
your narration is catching, liked it. thanks.
Please do a video of former president Oluwasegun Obasanjo of Nigeria 🇳🇬 and Madagascar president Dider Rasiratska
Had he left Office before 2000, he would have been held in higher regard than Sadat and Nasser combined, a man who lead his country out of the dark age of humiliation.
Tatenda and African biographics, congratulations for all these informative videos.
Would you also do some on the reign on Mohammed Morsy to Adbel Fatah al Sisi, the post Mubarak Egypt?
My name is Gabriel Makau from Kenya and I enjoy your topics very much
Thank you for another good one. 🙏🏿 🖤
From india..... Great work bro♥️♥️♥️
Thank you 🇰🇪
very informative.
@africanbiographics can you please make a video about Tunisia Ben Ali
Great.😮. documentary
Very well and,
It has been anything but ‘spring’ for us Arabs since then. I remember growing up, Mubarak face hung on every board in every classroom and it’s scary how every Egyptian and North African won’t even bat an eye at this cuz it’s just so normal. Even still things have only gotten worse since then
Egyptians, correct me if I’m wrong but I’m guessing that after Mubarak’s resignation, the prime minister held the role until Morsi came to power. Morsi only lasted a year or two before he was overthrown by the current Egyptian president, El-Sisi. In any case, the modern history of Egypt is almost as interesting as the ancient history. Thanks again, @AfricanBiographics.
Morsi was overthrown by a revolution
@@user-or1rm1ol3q I see. I heard he was part of the Muslim Brotherhood. How are they perceived in Egypt today?
@@luket.9113 they are in prison the rest escaped to turkey and Qatar and uk
@@user-or1rm1ol3qno he was not. It was a coup by the milliary
@@luket.9113en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2013_Rabaa_massacre
Amazing video as always. I'm Indonesian, and thanks to your videos, I've learnt a lot about Egypt and Africa, and I never knew just how prominent Abdul Nassir was, not just for Egypt, but also for the formation of The Non-Aligned Movement, alongside my country's first president, Sukarno, I wondered how was Sadat viewed by the Egyptians and I wondered whether Mubarak was similar to Indonesia's Soeharto.
I was hoping for an episode for Mursi, but you do you pal, though I'll always wait for the day that video goes up.
Dont compare Sukarno w hosni musibad. But suharto n hosni musibad r e same in corruption. Both western lap dogs
@@Cheguevara2.0 the two last things you mentioned are the reason why I had the question in the main comment.
Also, you misunderstood. I was comparing only Soeharto to Husni Mubarak instead of Sukarno. Sukarno seems like a more commie version of Gamal Abdul Nassir
I would suggest a part 4 down the line: The rise of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. I know I would be leaving out Mohamed Morsi, but his rise and fall is intertwined with that of the then-General later Field Marshal who retired to become President himself (at least in the context of the events since the fall of Mubarak).
please make a video on el-Sisi, cheers
Finaly some documentaries from an african perspective. Thank you brother
This one of the best video I have been waiting for, thanks Tatenda
Hussein Mubarak 🇪🇬 was very brutal like Idi Amin Dada of Uganda 🇺🇬
Without his brutality Egypt won’t be where it is today. N
These societies
Kabul to Karachi, Mecca to Marrakesh
Greatest hero is a ruthless tyrannical ill educated Bedouin from the deserts of 7th century Arabia
Eliminated all competing faiths and superimposed his dogmatic theology
They love him so much , simply "insulting" him means death
Individual liberty freedom is seen as shaytanic
Their societies are calcified
Narrow bandwidth
Intellectual arrested development, socially pre medieval mind set
All knowledge in this one book
They
@@robertmitchell8630 Christianity is no different.
@@caniform-craze2080
Well
Both Islam and Christianity both built on towers of skulls over ocean of innocent blood
Any religion obsessed with conversion strikes me as spiritually bankrupted strength in numbers herd mentality group think 🤔💬
But Christianity got booted from rule in the west
French and the American revolution etc
The Islamic world is really regressive
Pre medieval mind set
And the help of Americans helped Egypt , Hosni is right sacrifices must be made to move forward
20:50 - "and also Kuwait made fun of my favourite glasses" direct quote
His grip on power weakened towards the end. Part of this being his personal sadness at the accidental death of his favourite grandson. It ‘knocked the stuffing’ out of him and lessened his will to fight the ‘Arab Spring’ (Arab Nightmare).
It's not the people's fault that it has failed (so far) - but rather the weak institutions that were in place after decades of dictatorship - and the protests themselves maybe lacked organised leadership - partially due to inexperience as most political parties or activists were represssed or imprisoned for decades so they don't have experience in ruling. Add to that, the "deep state" - or remnants of old regime did everyhting they could so revolutions wouldn't succeed - for example the fuel lines were later shown to be orchestrated by those loyal to the old regime.
In addition certain powers in the region like UAE didn't want revolutions so they supported counter revolutions and coups - instead of civilians or elected people like Morsi they put AlSisi, Haftar and those who would be loyal to them
@@asinineik45hhh a very educated assessment, especially that the ‘uprising’ lacked a leader. I add two points (a) Egyptians collectively had shown Hosni that Misr wasn’t to be treated as a family dynasty - however the military dynasty since Nasser continued after the short interlude of Morsi (b) the strength of the military also stretches deep into the economy involving in myriad commercial enterprises.
A member of the Muslim Brotherhood attempted to assassinate Nasser. Muslim Brotherhood successfully assassinated Sadat. And some Muslims Extremist Group, probably Muslim Brotherhood, attempted to assassinated Mubarak. In an open, free, multi-party society assassination is not an acceptable way to secure political leadership. Egypt is in a very difficult situation. As one of the oldest civilization on earth it is trying to enter the 21st century as a modern nation state. The oil producing countries in the Middle East can use the sale of petroleum and its byproducts to create wealth for its people. Egypt has no oil. Egypt has to transition from an agrarian society into a modern, industrialized society. Industrialization will create more job opportunities and greater worker productivity for MISR. But industrialization is very difficult. To this day the only industrialized countries in the world are just a handful of modern democratic republics who are governed by the rule of law, separation of powers, and separation of God and State. Tourism will not raise the standard of living ALONE. Egyptians must mechanized its agriculture to become more productive. Using donkeys, horses, and camels were effective at the dawn of civilization. Now it is a handicap. The challenge is to industrialize. Industrialization flourish when you have a free-market, capitalistic trading system where private property is protected by law. This will give the Egyptian people the incentive to invest, innovate, and take risks to create businesses. These ideas were created by the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries of the industrialized world. Using a book written in the 8th century AD to create a society and you will get a society from the 8th century. What will happen if a significant portion of Egyptians follow the Muslim Brotherhood and create a society based on the Quran?
Here goessssss
pls make a video on the arab spring that turned into winter/fall of mubarak/morsi and how sisi became the new mubarak,time again and again,the egyptian people pay the price.
Kindly make few documentaries on the world wide banditism of the united state of America we will be very thankful to you
Great info but at times inaudible. Please remove the irritating musical bed?
Another well researched presentation.
Keep them coming.
Amazing video, can you make pne for magufuli
According to Human Rights investigation, during Mubarak’s rule , there were over 120,000 political prisoners in Mubarak’s Bastille , some of them were there for more than 30 years.
It's amazing how brutal dictators who just a minute ago have been so very healthy, suddenly fall so ill that they can't stand trial.
It's so disheartening to see the protesters so happy when revolution was reversed by a coup, and egypt ended up less democratic and worse off than under mubarak just 2 years later.
After this, we had an unfair election where most candidates where banned, but the Muslim brotherhood managed to win. Morsi was an extremist, but he was the only somewhat democratically elected civilian president. Every one before and after was a military general taking over the country. The 2013 coup was reversing all the progress that happened after overthrowing mubarak and put the military back in control. We have not had a proper election since 2012.
Not that the 2012 election was exactly free and fair anyway, but it wasn't a straight up sham like the last one where only one opposion candidate, who was a sisi puppet that applied 15 minutes before the deadline, was allowed to run.
People don’t know what they have until they lose it
Egypt is enjoying to be more dictatorship than democracy
Morsi was not democratically elected. The Muslim Brotherhood's clown candidate was appointed by the American criminals Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. Thank God the Egyptian people were smart and took Morsi out of power and threw him back in the trash where he came from. Even God Almighty Himself took Morsi out of the world quickly after his sham Presidency before he and his terrorist accomplices could do further harm to Egypt. Be sure and believe that God LOVES Egypt as evidenced by the Almighty's quick destruction of Mohammed Morsi.
It feels like you are fucked either way, you overthrow a 30 year old regime and replace it with an islamic extremist , you overthrow them and replace it with a military dictatorship
We don't know what Morsi would have done if he was allowed to concentrate power. I think, it could have been much worse.
as a neutral, difficult to say he was an extreme despot, he was not a saint either, but the winds of change are for all to fall to
Did you say they were increasing in population by 1 million every 8 months? Damn
Mubarak was not a dictator the real one is the current
If the military had sided with Mubarak the way the corrupt military in Nigeria is doing, that revolution would have surely failed.
Those were the days my friend
Wakaipa as usual, ramba wakadzvanya
He was better than the current president.
They've gon from best (Nasser) to worst, with every change of leadership.
@@musamusashi no, King Faraouk, Sadat, Mubarak and Sisi are OK. Nasser and Morsi are not OK.
Mubarak and current Sisi are OK. Morsi, the one in between them, was a Islamic extremist.
Thanks for this interesting series. It sounds like you're focused on the surface history, which is fine, but the underbelly (or the BIG elephant in the room), i.e. the USA, plays a major role in Egyptian politics as it does all over the world. The US-orchestrated, NED funded, color revolutions & Arab Spring toppled Mubarak, as it did many in Eastern Europe, Middle East and North Africa.
Stop being blaming the US for their problems. Egyptians must take responsibility for their own mistakes
The US did not topple Mubarak. It was Obama's personal game and penchant, in which US state institutions did not participate.
@@HouseOfAntiochBlaming? Hah! Oh you’re serious, yeah no.
America, my country, is literally complicit in just about every “third world” countries state of decay and economic degradation. See: Us destabilizing the rightful of several Central American countries over fucking bananas. True story.
These societies
Kabul to Karachi, Mecca to Marrakesh
Greatest hero is a ruthless tyrannical ill educated Bedouin from the deserts of 7th century Arabia
Eliminated all competing faiths and superimposed his dogmatic theology
They love him so much , simply "insulting" him means death
Individual liberty freedom is seen as shaytanic
Their societies are calcified
Narrow bandwidth
Intellectual arrested development, socially pre medieval mind set
All knowledge in this one book
They
I was missing the piece of anti-Islam propaganda, but thankfully you came along with your load of ignorant b.s.
What has the Quran ever done to harm you? Maybe if you read it with an open mind you might be surprised.
@@nqa5448
Have you ever read other people's book with an open mind
I read Quran
It's basically a terrorist manual
Maybe one day this channel can make a video about El Sisi?
Hosni Mubarak and his processor Anwar sadat followed on same foot step and enacted same policies, they both fully ignored Palestinian existence as a state and accepted Israeli occupation and the brutality and ruthless objected by the ISrali terrorist and apartheid regime.
Long live Israel!
Mubarak the great
So was he found guilty of corruption and what about his sons?
It has been proved that the centralized offices were a catastrophic failure, particularly, in Africa and Asia. Sadat was an example of them all. He was the worst ever who held this position. He got rid of all his opponents by docking them or murdering them by webbing plots to them, moreover the amount of lies he spoke them out on the ethereal space.
R.I.P. Mubarak Hosni.
I remember him and President Sadat. When they came on the ship i was stàtioned on. Thos was when we were there in Egypt march 1981. I shook both men's hands. Both seemed very nice. I guess members in the military get along well
They found out i was a hospital corpan. Sadat joked and told my commanding officer that he wanted me to go with him to Egypt. Lol. Sad that Sadat was killed later that year.. The people of Egypt were very nice people
Differently he was a lil Pharaoh in the making.. Or probably was the new Pharaoh.. Jus saying.. As a people, we must embrace change. Something political leaders hate when is their turn to change..
Hosni Mubarak was very communal person
Hosni was behind Sadat’s assassination sadly
this is the most silly joke you can ever hear 🤣
he was sitting just beside Sadat when he was assassinated but throwing bombs and bullets at him from a distance, one of the bomb just exploded outside the concrete wall they both sit behind, if it wen one meter farther, Hosni Mubarak would have been killed too
Leader of peaceful Egypt
Our man from Washington. D C.
We are tired of calling our leaders dictators just because the West called them so.
The West is not tired of supporting these dictators they love. And lay in bed with.
@Mmm12211 so you think people who brought that terminology to us, they themselves are not dictators? But, they are not using it on themselves. Since his departure, has Egypt got better leaders? The same will be said to other African countries.
One dictator left and sadly replaced by another named Sisi. Just as Egyptians were beginning to get a feel for democracy. Morsi was clearly the democratic choice of the majority, but the ruling class could not let the chance of a coup just go by.
Morsi was a LUNATIC who wanted to take Egypt back to the Dark Ages and that's why the EGYPTIAN PEOPLE over thru the Morsi regime. Morsi was the ultimate LOSER. El Sisi saved Egypt from breaking out into a Civil War, like neighboring Syria, incited by backwards, stupid Muslim Brotherhood. Morsi and his memory needs to be forgotten by history. And 100 years from now Morsi will only be remembered as a criminal and total idiot.
25 million people signed a petition to remove Morsi by force after he forbade tourism. Also, a US official said that Morsi did not actually win.
@@s.s.p.9680 Since when have US officials been trustworthy???
97% of the vote 😂😂😂😂
العركة فى مؤتمر تركيا والتشابك بالايدي ❤اليابان السويد نساء⚽
He was born in a very poor family. Right. When ha died he left behind him more than $250 billion. How ?!
Jimmy Carter.
He is not a dictator that’s a promise
Why can’t it be a tiny village? Why must you say poor?
Lost me at 'Bolivias Gaddafi'🤦
Africa needs strong good men, not puppets
G[o#😮😮😅 3:00 3:03 😊😊😊😊😊😊😊all cool
I'm sad that it came to this end for him. He seems to have started out and had good intentions in the beginning but what I do not understand is WHY they allow themselves to be so power mad. Step aside after your time is up. Stop changing things to stay longer because as someone else said things always end the same way. We're going to have good people and bad people at times. It is just imperative to weather through the storm until. Personally I did not care for the fact that he sold Arab blood for the benefits he reaped.
How to avoid the nepotism aspect of things is the question. Family/friends will ALWAYS drag you down in the end... If you let them.
Sadlly the piano playing makes this impossible to watch!
GOD BLESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS HIS FAMILYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY HE WAS GOOD
12:24. 30:20
saddat's assassination was trigger by a big buck reward who ever kill sadat from gaddafi bec he idolized naser sadat is not just tarsnishing the legacy of naser but the path naser made for the arab world is replaced
on mubarak
he did hes best to stay in office but there had a time came arab spring started in Tunisia spread like wild fire shaking the arab world nobody is safe including him well atleast his alive but not like gadafi dead
причем тут Мубарак если строим ХАЛАБУДУ
🇮🇶
Interesting video but with some mistakes or important ommissions.
First, Mubarak's 97% election rate. This was a rigged election. Egypt is far from being a democracy.
Two, reference to Palestine and Palestinian lands. There never was an independent Palestine. There is Gaza under Hamas rule previously under Egyptian occupation and then under Israeli rule and Judea & Samaria, historically part of ancient Israel, and currently areas under split control of the Fatah government in Ramallah and Israel.
Third, you mention Israel's invasion of Lebanon shortly after withdrawing from the Sinai as if one replaced the other. Israel sent its army into Lebanon due to repeat and sustained Arab terror attacks from Lebanon.
Fourth, most of the Middle East is under Arab Occupation and Colonization. From the Copts in Egypt, thr Aramaeans in Occupied Aram (a.k.a. Syria), to Kurds, Chaldeans, Yazidis in Iraq, etc. these are people under Arab subjugation and occupation.