Atrial fibrillation (A-fib, AF) - causes, symptoms, treatment & pathology

Поділитися
Вставка
  • Опубліковано 19 лис 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 269

  • @nehamariya_NM02
    @nehamariya_NM02 2 роки тому +179

    1. Quivering/twitching movement of the atrium due to non coordinated muscle contractions in atrium.
    2. Scribbled p wave in ecg
    3. Larger RR interval
    4. 100 - 175 bpm
    5. Risk factors:
    - high bp
    - coronary artery disease
    - valvular disease
    - obesity
    - DM
    - excessive alcohol consumption
    - genetic factors
    6. Complications ~ Stroke
    7. Dx:
    - ECG
    8. Tx:
    - beta blockers
    - anticoagulants
    - pacemaker
    - radio frequency catheter ablation( maze procedure )
    - av node ablation

  • @ctran1955
    @ctran1955 6 років тому +152

    I am so grateful that in the 21st century, I am not just limited to learning pathophysiology from old time-y professors or dry textbooks... This breaks it down visually so it's so much easier to understand. Thank you for your videos! A life-saver :D

    • @ruriafk2210
      @ruriafk2210 3 роки тому

      me too haha

    • @abbeycarter6952
      @abbeycarter6952 2 роки тому

      I agree! I can't read textbooks very much. It's so great to have visuals and better diagrams!

    • @IsmbbailBb89
      @IsmbbailBb89 Рік тому

      ​@@abbeycarter6952you can't read much please stay away from the medicine field

  • @brookm7441
    @brookm7441 9 місяців тому +4

    My husband’s Fitbit warned him last night, watched this video this morning, he is going to Drs today. Thank you!

  • @medavid16
    @medavid16 7 років тому +122

    I am a physician. The information you provide is quite patient friendly and helpful. I am a new fan, thank you for these videos.

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  7 років тому +8

      You're welcome - It would be awesome if you and your friends could review us on our Facebook page. facebook.com/pg/OsmoseIt

    • @deeroberson1894
      @deeroberson1894 8 місяців тому

      @@osmosisp

    • @believeisoni_
      @believeisoni_ 3 місяці тому

      How can someone heal from this pls

    • @medavid16
      @medavid16 3 місяці тому +1

      I’m sorry my friend but the cause and differences between one patient and another can be profoundly different. It is best you consult your doctor for a personalized evaluation. I would recommend you talk to your doctor about ablation / pulmonary isolation, and for medicine to consider metoprolol and diltiazem. And for evaluation you should ask about a 30 day holter monitor, if it’s right for you.

  • @albertmoore4445
    @albertmoore4445 Рік тому +22

    So many of us who have paroxysmal A-Fib know that the majority of our incidents are associated with the build up of stomach gasses and bloating from being constipated or eating foods which produce excess gas. Those of us who suffer celiac disease and other food allergies often experience the onset of A-fib due to consuming foods which cause gastric distress.
    The connection between digestive issues and A-Fib is very clear to those who deal with it daily. I have no idea why the medical community downplays or ignores this connection in discussing A-Fib causes and treatments.

  • @pacmanzz
    @pacmanzz 8 років тому +38

    My father has this now, later in life, he is 73. Years of Stage II Hypertension and Alcohol use finally caught up.. Thank you for this video. I used it to educate my old man on his condition!

    • @YasOOsha
      @YasOOsha 6 років тому +1

      Hi Walter!

    • @tinadenny3164
      @tinadenny3164 6 років тому

      Heisenberg b

    • @marniealmario7
      @marniealmario7 6 років тому +3

      Heisenberg Hope he gets well

    • @toh786
      @toh786 6 років тому +2

      I hope your father gets well. I'll pray for him :)

    • @shahabjamal752
      @shahabjamal752 Рік тому

      Please have electrolyte dissolve in water tablet . The best solution for Afib. Believe me ❤

  • @susu-dt9jh
    @susu-dt9jh 7 років тому +14

    Our study group chat just blowed up with all your videos. Everyone uses these videos as a tool to help study for our exams! We appreciate it a lot, thank you!:)

  • @christineschilde5055
    @christineschilde5055 3 роки тому +43

    Since most blood clots that can trigger a severe stroke occur in the left atrium in the so-called atrial appendage, the precedure of closing the auricular appendage in order to prevent a stroke is an established alternative to life-long anticoagulation in patients with too much of a high risk of bleeding.

  • @jan-roarbernhardsen7626
    @jan-roarbernhardsen7626 7 років тому +9

    Thanks for making a picture of whats going on inside my body. I just stayed at the hospital with this, and i have days were my heart runs so fast and then after nearly jumps around. I know they talk about a pacemaker, and i hope this will give a better life together with all the help that the doctors can help change. I have of corse to do some changes to :)

  • @Roll3rGhost3r
    @Roll3rGhost3r 8 років тому +8

    Your explanation is simple yet amazing!
    Providing those videos for free makes your work so noble.. we're grateful for that especially those who can't afford paying for medical videos.
    Thank you.. Thank you.. Thank you.. Keep up the great work

  • @yuritalks
    @yuritalks 6 місяців тому +1

    thank you. I was diagnosed with AF three years ago, even though I've had problems for 30 years, so not an easy thing to diagnose. I've been on 5 different medications and have been de-fibrillated twice I'm in an episode right now that has lasted 3 weeks so far ... not nice but your video has enlightened me to what is going on and for that I thank you very much.

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  5 місяців тому

      Glad it helped! 😊

  • @Nowyoureupinthestars
    @Nowyoureupinthestars 6 років тому +1

    Was just diagnosed with this after an ER visit. Thanks for posting this so I can find out more.

  • @ibrahimduygu6644
    @ibrahimduygu6644 8 років тому +17

    Now ı do not have to study all the lectures about AF because you just summarized that and you saved my time.Thanks a lot ..

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  8 років тому

      Glad you found our video helpful!

  • @DMChoreographer
    @DMChoreographer 6 років тому +6

    I 1st experienced this at 62, right after I emptied my truck from moving. I couldn't breath, then my heart started racing. The emt medic said the heart was at a steady 180bpm. This was back in October. After 3 days in a local hospital I got into the VA system and they slowly began to run tests and a cathertization was done. The cardiologists seem to think one of my chambers didn't have an artery it should have, but that another chamber grew one somehow. I have all the symptoms you mention, plus extreme difficulty walking very far and a terrible right calf cramp can occur within minutes, thus practically tossing me to the ground if I try to press on for any distance. At my age I am very concerned because I watched my step mom force my aging dad to endure being plugged into all these machines. He was ready to "go home", in much pain and wanted a DNR but she refused him. This was so cruel. Needless to say he finally passed on after five years of this humiliation. I have cut off all communication with her for several reasons. Her cruelty to him was the last straw. I have informed the VA and my next of kin, don't even think of doing that to me. Life has been rough enough as it is, as scared as I am, to end up in a bed with tubes and IV's and machines isn't living, it's torture.
    Anyways I probably don't have much if any quality of life to look forward to (although I hope otherwise) the geo-political, social and economic future after what eight years of failed obama policies added to by the failures of previous administrations, it's probably a good thing I won't have to try to outlive the symptoms of a very demented and wicked generational deterioration of society even as science creates my problems.
    We have hit that downward curve that man seems to think he is godlike and ai begins it's rule. This can't end well for the masses. I pity the future for the children's sake. More and more wealth is being transferred into fewer and fewer hands, along with little if any accountability of the criminal cabal of both the clinton/bush dynasties.

  • @SariennMusic73
    @SariennMusic73 2 роки тому +2

    My boyfriend (he's 49) just got home from having a cardioversion done. I'm surprised you didn't bring up that procedure. He is feeling better though we guess it'll take some time before he's back to 100%. We hope it'll last for the rest of his life. ❤️

  • @zahrakhaled3715
    @zahrakhaled3715 6 років тому +5

    Don't thank us for watching, we should thank you for this video with all its wonderful explanation

  • @mila7685
    @mila7685 7 років тому +14

    Thank you so much for your awesome videos making complicated things so simple! I wish Doctors would share their knowledge in a similar way, so we could understand what's going on and therefore being able to help ourselves better. Keep up great work!

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  7 років тому +2

      Thank you, Mila! Our mission is to educate clinicians and the public, so we love hearing this! Did you know that if you like & review us on Facebook then you’ll get access to our videos a day before they’re published on UA-cam? Check it out here: bit.ly/2u35D6J

    • @connerlivingston947
      @connerlivingston947 2 роки тому

      Hi Mila! I actually watch these kinds of videos to come up with better ways to explain things to my own patients! I'm not a doctor, but currently in PA school. Always important to keep working on developing my patient education skills!

  • @carolwilliams6633
    @carolwilliams6633 4 місяці тому +1

    I had 2 procedures now on eliquis for life. Feel great!

  • @kenzyperfecta6466
    @kenzyperfecta6466 8 років тому +5

    I like this - As a student nurse - I understand that next semester, we'll dwell so much on this topic. With this in mind plus what I will be getting from my Prof. I think I will be more ready for the EXAM being it Class or even the NCLEX exam. I will like to know what medications are used for this condition? - Thanks so much!!!

    • @doumtabarnak
      @doumtabarnak 7 років тому +5

      As mentioned in the video, antiarrythmics and anticoagulants are used to treat AF. With ACs: Warfarin can be used, but now, you see apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban more often, since they require less monitoring and have stable therapeutic plateaus. As for antiarrythmics, I most often see beta-blockers (since most have antiarrythmic properties), but I also see flecainide and amiodarone. If ventricular tachycardia is present, you might also see calcium channel blockers like diltiazem. Hope that helps!

  • @srijahraveendran
    @srijahraveendran Рік тому +4

    Having an presentation tomorrow this vdeo is so helpful to understand thanks much❤

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  Рік тому +1

      Glad it was helpful! 😊

  • @davfreim
    @davfreim 7 років тому +5

    Great work, as a med student I can say that these are pretty good videos, the pace could be faster sometimes but compared to other videos, these are fast enough to watch, thanks :)

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  7 років тому +1

      Thanks for the feedback! A lot of our viewers watch the videos at 1.25x or even 1.5x speed for faster viewing.

  • @rayment11
    @rayment11 7 років тому +2

    The visual aides are very comprehensible! Thanks for making this awesome video!

  • @naseerhussain4811
    @naseerhussain4811 6 років тому +1

    I have seen lot of videos in it. It make me easy to understand the concepts, making me had less work while studying.Thanks for videos and it really be helpful.

  • @agnishikhachoudhury1862
    @agnishikhachoudhury1862 7 років тому +1

    loved it,really helped my preparation for medical exams. thanks.
    love from India.😘😘😘

  • @faislrather5978
    @faislrather5978 6 років тому +1

    This is simply the best work for young students like me.hope u guys continue and help us understnd better...wish u luck n thnku for help

  • @crzk4006
    @crzk4006 7 років тому +1

    So pretty and easy to understand I want to cry of happiness.

  • @andrextr
    @andrextr 8 років тому +39

    This is great. Thank you for your awesome work! Bye from Portugal.

  • @Lily_nurse
    @Lily_nurse 3 роки тому +2

    Thank u for your videos, im actually felt difficult studying the ecg. But now I thought ecg is not hard subject.

  • @moniquepowell6322
    @moniquepowell6322 6 років тому +1

    thnks for explaining all the way through Polysomnography student NC.

  • @raju8689
    @raju8689 9 місяців тому

    Dude come on 3 hr topic in 3 min crazy dude thanks

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  9 місяців тому

      We hope this helped! 😊

  • @christinesu3186
    @christinesu3186 4 місяці тому

    So Informative! May I use some pictures of this video in my annual oral-report? It's literally a huge help for me to do the report.

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  4 місяці тому +1

      Hi! Thanks for reaching out. You may send us an email (support@osmosis.org) or hop on to osmosis.org and click on the chat icon (lower right of the screen) and our team will be delighted to assist you with your concern 😊

  • @gustavocampos725
    @gustavocampos725 8 років тому +1

    I'm recomending this channel to all my friends, great for med students! thank you very much from your brazillian fan :)

  • @victoriagaona2496
    @victoriagaona2496 8 років тому +1

    I love you guys, making studying at night way easier!

  • @TheGreatHsilgne
    @TheGreatHsilgne Рік тому +2

    This video is informational AF

  • @SuperAJLK
    @SuperAJLK 7 років тому

    This video is teaching at its best. Very informative.

  • @nellyhoffman6194
    @nellyhoffman6194 8 років тому +8

    The atrial cells are very Cute ! Great work picasso :)

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  8 років тому +1

      Thank you Lighto! =)

  • @98anju
    @98anju 6 років тому +1

    Explained very easy way, easy to understand, thank you so much! appreciated​.

  • @antiqueowl
    @antiqueowl 8 місяців тому

    Needs current revision. (2024) Ablation, types (Cryo, RF & PFA) are now recommended first line of treatment

  • @siphiwesibeko1287
    @siphiwesibeko1287 8 років тому +1

    perfectly explained ,I don't have any questions, thank you

  • @sbenglishlanguagecourses1246
    @sbenglishlanguagecourses1246 2 роки тому +1

    Incredibly clear and concise explanation. Thank you.

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  2 роки тому

      You're very welcome! 🤓⚡️ 🙌🏼

  • @jeff824
    @jeff824 2 роки тому

    wow. I'm watching this in the hospital. I had an ambulance ride, a fib, pneumonia....and survived the intubation.

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  2 роки тому

      Hi Jeff! We hope you're better now! 🙏🏼

  • @kambingDITTO
    @kambingDITTO 7 років тому

    Do a video about stroke please. 😊❤️ This channel saved me. ☝🏾

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  7 років тому +1

      I just finished illustrating a video on ischemic strokes. It will probably be finished in the next couple of weeks. Then it will be posted to our website where you can see all of out unreleased videos. Check it out! bit.ly/2ut5ZEJ

  • @Kez_abi
    @Kez_abi 2 роки тому +2

    Thanks for making this. Makes me understand my heart more.
    Tho watching your other videos makes me realise how messed up my heart is. I have
    Wolff Parkinson White
    Cardiomyopathy
    Sinus Tachycardia
    Ventricular Pre-excitation
    Atrial Fibrillation
    Supraventricular tachycardia
    So yeah 😑

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  2 роки тому

      We're sorry to hear that, Keziah. We hope our video was able to help. 🙏🏽

  • @pookab5905
    @pookab5905 28 днів тому

    Fascinating video and so well explained thank you!

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  28 днів тому

      Glad you enjoyed it! 💖

  • @claryfray4434
    @claryfray4434 3 роки тому +1

    Thank you so much, this is so much better, reading my textbooks was giving me a headache

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  3 роки тому +1

      Hi Tessa! Our pleasure to help make this topic easier for you! If you can, feel free to signup for a free trial at osmosis.org so you can access our entire video library, especially for topics that aren't here on our channel. Don't worry, we won't ask for you bank details or anything. 😊

    • @claryfray4434
      @claryfray4434 3 роки тому

      @@osmosis thanks I will sign up definitely, these videos make life at medical college a bit easier for me so really thanks for that 💜

  • @briantracy271
    @briantracy271 8 років тому +2

    this is so awesome ... was going to review cardiology .. now its going to be easier

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  8 років тому +1

      Glad we could help!

  • @snowbearize
    @snowbearize Рік тому +2

    All you have to do is to cough it hard. It will regain normal heart rhythm. Just cough it and the heart beat normalizes right away. Then you can seek medical assistance

  • @dylancandra4500
    @dylancandra4500 6 років тому +2

    Really informative, interesting, and catching in the eye. Thanks for the great presentation!

  • @melaninmel9213
    @melaninmel9213 7 років тому +3

    Brilliant video! Easy to follow and understand. Thank you so much! Definitely subscribing ❤️

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  7 років тому +1

      Thanks so much! It would be awesome if you and your friends could review us on our Facebook page. facebook.com/pg/OsmoseIt

  • @abrahammatar1671
    @abrahammatar1671 6 років тому +4

    Just to be more accurate,
    .Waves on ECG, Represent the depolarization/Repolarization, NOT the contraction.
    Since the ECG represents the ELECTRICAL activity of the heart muscle, not the mechanical activity.

    • @acecombat3430
      @acecombat3430 6 років тому +2

      mechanical activity is due to electrical activity that the ECG shows, therefore atrial depolarisation technically means atrial contraction represented by P wave.

  • @leartkrasniqi9999
    @leartkrasniqi9999 6 років тому

    Thanks from kosovo 🇽🇰 keep the work up 👌🏻 👍🏻

  • @odyrondegard1785
    @odyrondegard1785 6 років тому

    I really love your video's and they are really helpfull. I have seen at least 50 of them. And I really glad you make them. I am even considering a donation. But what I missed in this particular video is an exact description of treatment. When I am in the ER, and I have a patient with this problem, it doesn't really matter which theory is the best, but I need to know how to controle it. So, just as feedback, go a little deeper in the treatment of the rather acute problems. Thank you very much!

  • @mariasaddler3433
    @mariasaddler3433 7 років тому

    question: you say that the loss of the atrial kick is not life threatening but it seems like the loss of that kick may cause the blood pooling that makes people with afib more prone to embolism and stroke... is that not the case?

  • @iabeeer
    @iabeeer 7 років тому +5

    Thanks a lot from sunny Egypt.

  • @Lemuria1993
    @Lemuria1993 8 років тому +4

    Thank you for the amazing work you do!

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  8 років тому +2

      You're very welcome Lemuria. =)

  • @Ethiodaily22
    @Ethiodaily22 6 років тому +1

    I love this channel, it makes it so clear!

  • @alihd1455
    @alihd1455 7 років тому

    useful people(channel ) for humanity , Thank you From Hot and Dusty Baghdad

  • @capricorneo6645
    @capricorneo6645 6 років тому

    You should’ve mentioned the name of medications used to treat AFib.

  • @floralarose4462
    @floralarose4462 7 років тому +1

    you are guys life savers! thank you so much for all your hard work.

  • @chiararuthelgario5305
    @chiararuthelgario5305 2 роки тому +1

    I am currently experiencing this. It's the 3rd day now.

  • @ayeshapashaturk5771
    @ayeshapashaturk5771 Рік тому

    you guyz nailed it . couldnt understand it any better

  • @kenillewiltshire420
    @kenillewiltshire420 7 років тому

    thank you from Barbados

  • @Daltarakis
    @Daltarakis 6 років тому

    This video is good AF...

  • @Mellissaruizpa
    @Mellissaruizpa 6 років тому

    Seriously, the only way I am getting through PA school is because of this amazing channel!

  • @cocoalove1315
    @cocoalove1315 6 років тому

    Thanks a ton. You gave me more informatjon than my book

  • @mohammedaslam70
    @mohammedaslam70 7 років тому

    thank you soo much ....this is great help for us medical students !!

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  7 років тому +1

      Thank you, Mohammed! We're glad you're finding our videos useful. If you haven't yet checked out our educational platform we have a bunch of tools that we think you'd like. These include unreleased videos, tens of thousands of flashcards and multiple choice practice questions, study workspaces, and daily exam schedule organizers to help you learn medicine. You can sign up for a free trial of Osmosis Prime here: bit.ly/2ut5ZEJ

    • @mohammedaslam70
      @mohammedaslam70 7 років тому

      thank you . will definitely do so.

  • @infinityinfinityinfi
    @infinityinfinityinfi 6 років тому +1

    Really good at explaining. Nice!

  • @MsDelilahlee
    @MsDelilahlee 8 років тому +3

    Nicely explained 😍 thanks @Osmosis

  • @Sarojkumar-rw5xk
    @Sarojkumar-rw5xk 6 років тому

    Thank a lot to all osmosis team for a such nice lectures👌👌👍👍👍

  • @bettybetty6308
    @bettybetty6308 7 років тому

    Thanks for the informative video, explains what is going on inside me.

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  7 років тому

      We're glad we could help, Bet ty Betty. Take care.

  • @ngbc5342
    @ngbc5342 2 роки тому

    Great explanation of my new affliction

  • @dinaamir8231
    @dinaamir8231 7 років тому

    love your videos!!!!!! always just the right amount of detail and to the point
    THANKS

  • @roqaiaalansary9390
    @roqaiaalansary9390 2 роки тому

    i really enjoy your lessons it helps me a lot in my study

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  2 роки тому

      Hi Roqaia! Our pleasure to help! 😊

  • @zleeloo
    @zleeloo 8 років тому

    Thanks from Australia! Amazingly good videos!!

  • @judithchimee4191
    @judithchimee4191 7 років тому

    Excellent explanation

  • @luvstruck1581
    @luvstruck1581 8 років тому

    Can u go over junctional rhythms too please... 🤓 I understand u way better than our prof. Thanks! 😅

  • @douniacats
    @douniacats 6 років тому

    Thank You so much
    شكرًا جزيلا

  • @eramzeba3417
    @eramzeba3417 4 місяці тому

    khatarnak explanation😇

  • @amitabhadan8023
    @amitabhadan8023 3 роки тому

    Very good video to clear the idea

  • @jmharshithaa7738
    @jmharshithaa7738 9 місяців тому

    Thankyou, your videos have helped me a lot.😊

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  9 місяців тому

      Happy to help! 🤓🩺 🙌🏼

  • @GranvilleBoaldin-z2j
    @GranvilleBoaldin-z2j 2 місяці тому +1

    Houston Flats

  • @sonalisingh78
    @sonalisingh78 6 років тому

    Your videos r quite helpful...thanks a lot.

  • @markjching
    @markjching 6 років тому

    excellent illustration =)

  • @thasmaibr6080
    @thasmaibr6080 7 років тому

    amazing explanation !!! thanks for all ur vedios !!

  • @nuraidaayuk859
    @nuraidaayuk859 8 років тому

    hello from indonesia !
    your videos are so great. help me a lot, thankyou :) I'll wait your next video. i hope you make a video about pre eclampsia and eclampsia :)

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  8 років тому

      We will eventually! You can vote for videos by becoming a Patreon supporter at www.patreon.com/osmosis.

  • @caden4214
    @caden4214 6 років тому

    Great work! Helps a lot.

  • @leonoraclark8743
    @leonoraclark8743 3 роки тому

    So concise.....very informative...thanks👍

  • @1704putera
    @1704putera 7 років тому

    great video guys

  • @sathakamara1324
    @sathakamara1324 2 роки тому

    Very easy and lovely explanations and illustrations 🌹🍦💟

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  2 роки тому

      Thanks, Satha! 😀

  • @fergferguson7370
    @fergferguson7370 8 років тому +1

    Good stuff very informative..👍🏻

  • @wisdomtruth4213
    @wisdomtruth4213 6 років тому

    excellent lecture

  • @md.ashrafulkarim6778
    @md.ashrafulkarim6778 7 років тому

    amazing as always

  • @tristanmason7405
    @tristanmason7405 2 роки тому

    Thanks Rishi 👍🏻👏

  • @gehadgamal9241
    @gehadgamal9241 6 років тому

    awesome video. great job

  • @aRawLifestyle
    @aRawLifestyle 6 років тому

    Excellent explanation!!

  • @shivanipatel3975
    @shivanipatel3975 7 років тому

    thank you !!! blessed:) from india

  • @mido619
    @mido619 Рік тому

    Good evening,
    I have some questions regarding the clots being created due to quivering 5:37 ..What kind of risks will those clots do if no action is taken ? And also what actions to undergo for those clots to be gone ? Is there any major risks during giving clot killers to the patient?

    • @issbacademypak
      @issbacademypak 11 місяців тому

      Pulmonary Embolism

    • @jocelynhunt2404
      @jocelynhunt2404 8 місяців тому

      hi! it's kinda mentioned in the video where he talks about the clots breaking off and potentially causing stroke but the clots can also travel to other parts of the body and block blood flow to other organs

  • @drndubuezeokonkwo
    @drndubuezeokonkwo 6 місяців тому

    Great job.
    Thank you

    • @osmosis
      @osmosis  6 місяців тому

      Our pleasure! 💖

  • @kwerty49
    @kwerty49 6 місяців тому

    Do people with paroxysmal af typically need anticoagulation?

  • @monamaldrete5415
    @monamaldrete5415 18 днів тому

    THE BEST MEDECINE TO CORRECT O HEALP