I FINALLY understand the Maillard reaction
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- Опубліковано 1 бер 2023
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You’ve probably heard of the Maillard reaction, but here's how it actually works (AND how to hack it).
𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰 𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘁𝘆-𝗴𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘁𝘆:
-Hellwig M, Henle T. (2014) Baking, ageing, diabetes: a short history of the Maillard reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 53(39):10316-29. doi: 10.1002/anie.201308808.
-Liu S, Sun H, Ma G, Zhang T, Wang L, Pei H, Li X, Gao L. (2022) Insights into flavor and key influencing factors of Maillard reaction products: A recent update. Front Nutr. 9:973677. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.973677.
-Martins SFS, Jongen WMF, Van Boekel MAJS. (2000) A Review of Maillard Reaction in Food and Implications to Kinetic Modelling. Trends in Food Science & Technology 11: 364-373.
-Mottram DS, Wedzicha BL, Dodson AT. (2002) Acrylamide is formed in the Maillard reaction. Nature. 419(6906):448-9. doi: 10.1038/419448a.
-van Boekel MA. (2006) Formation of flavour compounds in the Maillard reaction. Biotechnol Adv. 24(2):230-3. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.11.004.
𝗚𝗼𝗼𝗱 (𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲) 𝗿𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀:
- • FOOD - DELICIOUS SCIEN...
-www.seriouseats.com/what-is-m...
-cen.acs.org/articles/90/i40/M...
-www.chemistryworld.com/featur...
-www.scienceofcooking.com/mail...
-modernistcuisine.com/mc/the-m...
-foodcrumbles.com/maillard-rea...
-www.illinoisscience.org/2018/...
𝗦𝘂𝗽𝗲𝗿-𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗽𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗺𝗲 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗶𝗰:
-Dr. Varoujan Yaylayan, Professor & Chair of the Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry at McGill University
MinuteFood is created by Kate Yoshida, Arcadi Garcia & Bill Mead, and produced by Neptune Studios LLC.
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OK, gimme your favorite examples of GBD-liciousness...I need them in my life!
Black garlic is just amazing
With all due respect this should be a series...
Slowly cooked onions. Onions are the best
Can never go wrong with fried chicken with buttermilk coating
I made some pulled pork the other day and one thing I did to enhance browning was to sprinkle a small amount of white sugar in with my spice rub. Not enough to make the meat sweet, just enough that it would get super brown when seared.
As a French person it took me some minutes to understand the duck pun. And I would pronounce it "Mayar", the D (in this type of situation), is often silent
It's really common to pronounce the final consonant of French words when speaking English. Just look at how anglophones say words like Paris or Croissant.
Yes, it seems like pronouncing the D is a much more Americanized pronunciation!
Yo directamente lo pronuncio "Maliard" JSJS
But pronouncing it like French, shouldn’t it be “mEiyar” ?
Are you from Quebec or somewhere else? Because the Quebecer family I have often seems to re-add ending consonants for empahsis (they drop them when speaking fast) so if they were saying it as just one word something like this seems like it *might* get that empahtic treatment when saying it on it's own. (not sure because I'm not a Quebecer, just my extended family are)
I cannot have been the first one to read "MALLARD" on the thumbnail thinking this was gonna be about ducks
Thought this was about mail, "Mail-Lard"
If someone was going to be first, why should it not be you?
I mean she said ducking awesome a couple of times so idk what you mean 😄
I did as well. What can I say, I’m a birder.
Why do ducks wipe?
To clean their little quacks.
Well-done! I wrote the Serious Eats article you reference in your citations and use in the video. As a scientist, I was frustrated that there was no good general explainer for the food-curious, so I wrote it myself. So excited to see it used so effectively on screen. Thanks for sharing my work and spreading better awareness for not only what the Maillard (I do say the 'd') is, but also how to practically alter it. Bonus points for including the section on how it differs from caramelization and starch degradation. Keep it up!
My milkshake brings all the boys to maillard
😂😂😂
I’ve been self studying food science for about 5 years now and a lot of my knowledge has been hard won, looking everywhere for understandable explanations, attending college classes, or otherwise just improving my baseline so that I can read more technical content. I’m both amazed and a little mad at this channel for condensing so much of what I’ve learned into such easily accessible videos 😅
I’ve even learned a few things I didn’t know before!
When it comes to steaks in particular, salting them with coarse kosher on both sides then setting them on something that lets air touch both top and bottom (I use an old air fryer basket that I don't use for anything else) and leaving it like that in the fridge for an hour before searing creates fantastic Maillard effects. You can get a nice Chicago rare going without those expensive presses that heat up to like 1200 degrees which steak houses use. Can't take credit for that though, learned it from Alton Brown.
Learned the same trick from Guga
Praise be to the algorithm. I'm a Helen Rennie / Adam Ragusea / J. Kenji Lopez Alt content consumer, so I'm fairly familiar with the information presented, but I *love* the humor, the production, and I'll never tire of hearing (or rambling at anyone who will listen) about food science. Basically this is gold to me, thank you!
I watch Helen and Adam, I'll have to check out Kenji. A couple other YT cooks you might find watchable is Joshua Weissman for humor and sous vide everything for lots of experimenting, mostly with steak
The blood glucose A1C test is also based on the same concept. It is a measure of the browning of blood cells from rubbing against blood serum glucose over the 120 day lifespan of the cells.
Wow
When I was little, I hated onions. I still hate *raw* onions, because they bite me (I accept that bite as part of salsa, but nowhere else -- and adding raw onions is the fastest way to ruin comfort food like potato salad), but it took me *ages* to realize that *cooked* onions are a whole different creature! And now I love adding cooked onions to just about any savory dish. Also: Mushrooms. I went to Buzz Inn Steak House and ordered mushrooms and they brought me mushrooms that had been cooked, but *not* brought to the point of deliciousness (they looked like those canned mushrooms only heated up -- no color, no crispness), and I've never been more disappointed with a meal I was expecting to be delicious 😭
I didn't like onions when I was a kid. My mother never caramelized them.
Oil/fat is a great way for that rxn to proceed because it is basic pH of 10. And it increases the rate of heat transfer by forming a film around the food. That's why foods that are fried with butter or oil taste good :)
Based on the chemistry of oil I thought this was bull shit. I just googled it and oil has a pH pretty close to 7 but is variable depending on type of oil and additives.
amazing video, been waiting for a thorough explanation on this for a long time from you. i was hoping you'd have dived deeper into caramelization and dextrinization; but i'm satisfied with the basic (hehe) explanation, too.
This video is a true privileged to have access to. It’s like a cheat code to becoming a better cook.
Love these videos! Please keep them coming :)
Thank you SO MUCH! I've spent so much time thinking about the Maillard reaction and this clarifies everything
I can't believe this channel doesn't have more subscribers, such great content!
Beautiful video, a lot of cooking tips I've been using or seeing around make so much sense now !
excellent, excellent video, cheers. been following the food lab road and your channel is a great accompaniment. subscribed!
i have wondered if caramelizing sugar reduces the calories in it? it's certainly changing it...and in a general hand wavy thought experiment i figured taken to the extreme the sugar would turn into black carbon which doesn't seem like a high energy food, so my guess was it would reduce it along the way...but i never saw anything definitive saying so.
It's unlikely that the change would be big enough to be significant. Calories aren't changed by cooking except if you're literally burning the food to ashes. Cooking does make the absorption of calories easier though.
Yea it'll reduce the calorific content
But not by much
@@lanasinapayen3354
You'd be right in most cases,
But in this case, no
Sucrose is extremely simple sugar (disaccharide) that gets broken down to glucose + galactose (these 2 sugars get absorbed directly) v fast and absorbed
Caramelization has a super complex effect of breaking it (cracking), forming unstable hydrocarbons, then forming different much more complex complex (poly sacch, sugar alcohols, multi group hydrocarbons, etc) as well as simpler sugars (mono sacchs)
It becomes harder/slower to absorb for the body (though 99~% will still get absorbed cuz our body loves sugars and really hates wasting it)
(I have extremely oversimplified here btw , I don't know how to properly explain but also keep it short and in layman terms)
I live in Montreal, Québec. And I went to school in French my entire life. And as an anglophone, I feel the pain of trying to pronounce French stuff. There's a learning curve, and it's exponential.
Thank you for trying your best though! :) It's apprécié! ;)
*The custom in France*
*Is to dress up their words in loose pants*
*Letting their spelling be almost completely boundless*
*Yet soundless*
--poem I wrote while annoyed at French spelling sticking extra letters all over the place, particularly on the end of words.
...yes, I realize English is worse, but since it's my native tongue it doesn't *feel* as off-putting as French does to my brain. And it's not like I found the spelling all that difficult to work with at the time (I studied French in homeschool because it was the only option, and then in college too), it just annoys me. (Also: "vin" as nasal "vah" what even is going on here??)
(Irish Gaelic, that's the one I couldn't get past the spelling in the first place. My brain fails at the transition from written to audio or vice versa, and I hate that because I love the language and wish I could learn it.)
Great, now I feel hungry again. The thing about pH got me thinking though, a lot of Chinese-style food uses baking soda etc. for meat velveting, which I guess could also improve the delicious browning too. Not that you would notice with most things stained with soy/oyster sauce, but I'm getting hungry either way.
Fascinating! Thanks a lot!
Hey I really apreciate your videos, and I would really like to hear more about health aspects❤️
Very nice video! Loved it. About the color, the caramelization also produces brown componds, you know, like in caramel. but yeah we love that flavor too! dont we??
And now I'm hungry 🤤
Thanks for the videos, Minute Food is really really awesome!!
I'm glad plenty of people are signing up so you can keep on making videos about the amazing science of food
Literally the only channel I have notifications turned on for.
you started a dopamine effect in my brain , thank you
Does this have anything to do with the Chinese deep-frying technique wherein they really heat their vessel and make their food spend a lot less time in oil?
Great video!
I have needed this channel in my life since I picked up cooking a couple months ago. I was hoping to find something scientific somewhere to help me understand what the hecc is going on! Thank you for your work!!
Oh my God this is so much better than I could've ever hoped for. God I love UA-cam
Hi, do you think you could do one on wood cutting boards and other wood tools used in the kitchen and how mineral oil or wax affects the structure?
for the record, bog bodies could be delicious but we may never know
I believe the Maillard reaction also has some similarities with the assay used to determine the hemoglobin a1c levels in blood tests
this just makes so much sense wow
Amazing video
Thanks a lot!
4:23 is that why lye boiled soft pretzels are so much better than others
Edit:
4:47 yes it is.
Adam Ragussa mentioned in the pretzel video that just came out that there is also some gelatinisation of the starch happening.
"Dip your pretzels in Lye"
I prefer to dip my pretzels in other types of manipulation, like gaslighting 💀
Gaslight, gatezel, girlboss
@@tylerphuoc2653 grillboss*
Most of the time, I put Maillard reaction to what I'm cooking, it just hits the right spots.
Great video! I would also appreciate a video describing how much browning is TOO MUCH browning from health perspective. That's what keeps bugging me.
Yes, I'd love to do a follow-up diving into the science on this! Stay tuned :)
This please, my initial reaction to the video was "oh great, exactly how I like the paella socarrat that I love" and then imediatelly being told that actually has poison...
@@MinuteFood maybe a collab with one of the YT chemists? This seems right up That Chemist's alley.
@@MinuteFood looking forward to it
@@sebastiancarreira5832exactly. Dampened my enthusiasm considerably!
I was thinking of all the recipes I'd alter...then the warning...
5:30 Hmm...I want to know more about this socarrat. Because I LOVE the crispy cooked rice at the bottom of Bibimbop.
Wow, what a great video that actually explains what is going on.
The “BASICally (hehe)” earned a like and subscribe 😂
incredible video!!! i really hope this channel lasts. it’s my favorite thing on here
the baking powder on chicken wings tip is so real, ESPECIALLY if youre baking them instead of frying its basically needed for crispy skin
Doesn't baking powder contain acid to for sodium bicarbonate to work in non acidic food. Or is it still raising pH?
minute food's decent into maillard rabbit hole
Thank you! :)
I wasn't expecting such fowl language at the end of the video 🤣
fifth!
thanks for making complicated topics simple, please keep it up
Please also make a video about Fermentation
4:46 "Dip your pretzels in lye" you mean to tell me that y'all maniacs outside of Germany _haven't_ already been doing that?
4:46 arent's pretzels always put in lye, just like, by definition. In German, they're literally called Laugenbrezel (lye pretzel)
Edit: fixed a typo
The German word is spelled Brezel (plural: Brezeln), not Bretzel, and it is only called Laugenbrezel if it is indeed made with lye. Pretzel or Brezel in the first place refers to the form. Yes, it mostly refers to a lye pretzel, while one would generally first think of a Laugenbrezel when just hearing Brezel (at least in Germany), there are other baked goods produced in pretzel form, like sweet biscuits or crumpets like Osterbrezeln ("easter pretzel" made from sweet yeast dough) that are not put in lye.
Is there a direct tradeoff between Maillard reaction and carcinogens? if high heat is the only practical way to the reaction, and carcinogens are inevitable byproducts of the high heat, the answer unfortunately seems, "yes". If not, can you give an example where you can maximize Maillard reaction without also raising carcinogens?
This episode gave me strong Good Eats vibes; I loved that show, and my late wife credits Alton Brown with teaching me how to cook!
Okay, nothing intelligent to add, but I had to say that those are some of the best pretzels I've seen in a very long time.
2:34 oml first mallards and now *DUCKINING!?!?*
what a beautiful video to watch hungry
woww dude! what software you use for making videos?
Great video... I sence a touch of Gastrofisico videos, which are great by the way
Good eye - Arcadi, the amazing mind behind Gastrofisica, is MinuteFood's illustrator!
So when I am grilling, I am Maillarding in my yard.
Wait,...black garlic is just old garlic??? Oh God. Thanks for the video, and the knowledge
"Basically" haha, good one!
It's helpful for us.👍
Lol intro reminds me of the game cook, serve, delicious!
I really like the background music. Where is it from?
When she said "Major Maillard" I immediately imagined a French culinary themed super hero
4:22
That pun was all it was chalked up to be.
Chef Jean Pierre always talks about this on his cooking channel.❤
There is one important thing to keep in mind! Maillard Reaction can also cause the production of cancerous substances such as Acrylamide!
My Prof used to tell us that the best way of cooking healthy while enjoying maillard products is to cook golden but not burned brown
Could you list merchandise on Amazon?
1:43 why does reflecting light turn things brown? I always think of browning as to slowly turning black. And doesn't black/darker colors absorb more light than reflect? I thought white was the color of reflecting all those visible rays.
me, maillarding every single thing I eat till oblivion 😊
Bro a Minute food and Ethan Chlebowski cross over would go crazy 🔥💯🚨
Soooooooooooo from now on Ducks gonna be the mascot for this channel??? If so then DUCK YEAH!!!!!!!!!! 100% supported
The new thumbnail is way better. I didn't click on this video when I saw it before, but now i did
"Sir, what are your intentions with that bug body?"
"MinuteFood said it's golden brown delicious"
I enjoy this channel but while being on a diet, it's more torture than fun. Now I'm hungry
Serrano ham! Proud of the mention as a Spanish gal here. It's sooo nice
Edit: Socarrat too!
With the baking soda reccomendation, it's important to point out that baking powder will not work, because baking powder has acid(s) mixed in to balance it's pH.
Often, bread recipes that call for only baking soda will also have an acidic ingredient, and ones that call for a mixture, might have a weaker acid/less acid that doesn't fully react with the soda required, or perhaps they want the final product to be more acidic than pure baking soda would give, and more basic than only baking powder would give.
Anyways, the difference between the ingredients baking soda and baking powder, is that soda is a base, while powder is soda neutralized with a weak acid, so only soda will work to raise the pH of a neutral food.
Love the topic. A bit more science would be nice
Your first thumbnail was better. Cool video!
tbh , I did not learn much of cooking. But I did learn chemistry. All the hacks were known , just did not know all that connected.
But wouldn't adding bakind soda/baking powder also affect the test beyond the maillard process itself?
Baking powder is baking soda neutralized with an acid, so you wouldn't want to use it here (since we are trying to raise the pH)
Anyways, to answer the question, maybe yes, but due to the complexity of the maillard reaction, it'd be hard to characterize. There are many many different chemicals, and the soda would react with all of the acidic ones, so there would be a great variety of byproducts. However, likely most of these byproducts would be produced in some amount, because there are various bases in there too.
Whether those byproducts will cause effects noticeably different from the normal maillard reaction, idk.
What about flavor? Idk about sprinkling baking soda on sauteed veggies... Has anybody done it?
A hopefull cook all my life
Da queen is back baby she neva miss
You had me at bog bodies.
isn't baking soda bad to eat as is? is it much different if you fry it with onions?
Baking soda is bad to consume as is because it’s basic and will react with stomach acid. As long as you use reasonable amounts, your food shouldn’t become so basic that it’s unhealthy.
Onions, in particular, are quite acidic, so most if not all of the baking soda is going to be neutralised. Any left over will more than likely end up in the oil used for frying, rather than the onions themselves.
She said "what the duck" because right before that she said "mallard". Mallard duck is a type of duck. In case you didn't get it.
Me to
GOLDEN (GOLDEN), BROWN (BROWN), DELICIOUS (LICIOUS) HAHAAHAHAHAHA
Patron link in description doesn't work
Thanks for the heads-up...got it fixed!
Yes through 0:14 Trail and Errrr indeed 😂
Adding baking powder to onions to accelerate the Maillard reaction sounds like really good idea, yet I'm unsure how the result compares to doing normally. After all the browning of onions is also in big part due to caramellization, which (probably) doesn't get sped up with higher ph. So with different aromas developing at different paces, it probably tastes differently too.
it turns into a grayish goo and tastes like it too. would not bother.
ua-cam.com/video/Ovqhzil3wJw/v-deo.html
America's Test Kitchen use a small amount of baking soda in their caramelised onion method. I've used it a few times to great success.
(I have to admit that I often cheat and just add brown sugar and balsamic vinegar to softened onions, but the actual caramelised ones are definitely better, they just take longer.)
Baking soda also tastes awful if overdone at all. I add a pinch of sugar to make it go faster, if needed.
Gordon Ramsay always tosses in a spoonful of sugar when he's sautéing onions and peppers
What's prerajulization and Farhanitrate!
Love the videos, but the sibilance is a bit much. It might be worth looking into a de-esser filter for your audio?
When I read "Maillard" I always think of the french ytber chef Alex pronouncing it
I thought we were talking about the ice cream guy