The Forgotten Origin of the Scientific Method
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- Опубліковано 16 тра 2024
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500 years before the Scientific Revolution, the mathematician Al-Hassan Ibn al-Haytham spent hours in a dark room studying the light that filtered in. Not only did he revolutionize how we literally see the world, he pioneered the scientific method that is now the backbone of modern science.
Sources: sites.google.com/view/sci-met...
0:00 Introduction
0:41 What is a camera obscura?
1:48 The mathematician who tried to dam the Nile
3:08 The origin of optics
3:56 Ancient ways of knowing
6:39 The birth of modern science
7:38 From hypothesis to experiment
8:44 How al-Haytham changed science history
10:13 Conclusion
11:40 Extras!
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Scientists: Crawling around in the dark looking for answers since 1000 CE
...that's what she said 🤔😏
Whats the frame rate of the projection? 60fps?
1 BILLION fps?.... INFINITY FPS?!!??!?!?!?!?!?
I NEED ANSWERS!!!!!!!
This reminds me of "science as a candle in the dark" by Carl Sagan. We are all in the dark actually, scientists are the ones who are aware of it and always looking for answers to help brighten humanity's future.
Indeed
@@Bibibosh is that a joke? Each part of it “updates” every time more light hits it, but only that spot changes, it doesn’t work like a computer screen.
Fun fact: the term “camera” in European languages came from the Arabic word “ Qumra, ” which means the closed dark place, and it is a word referring to the “dark room” that Ibn al-Haytham used in his visual experiments. Ibn al-Haytham was the first to present a description of the camera in the course of his study of science.
amazing
Woahh
And then from the word "qumra" came "kamra" in the urdu language, which means "room"
Kinda amazing how it all ties up
@@saifabidalbloushi Nothing really interesting in that derivation!
Ibn haytham famous quote "The duty of the man who investigates the writings of scientists, if learning the truth is his goal, is to make himself an enemy of all that he reads, and ... attack it from every side. He should also suspect himself as he performs his critical examination of it, so that he may avoid falling into either prejudice or leniency."
Can you tell me from which book did he say this?
@@iamleoooo book of optics
Cool!
@@physicsstudent9701 this is a fabricated quote, its not in the book of ootics.
nice try.
Kitab Al Manadhir
It took me until nearly the end of the video to realize when you said it's the dark origins of the scientific method you actually meant the dark origins. I'd been waiting the whole time for some devious fact drops that weren't coming XD
😂😂😂
Literally me
Thanks for this. I often have arguments with fundamentalist Christians who can't allow people working in the Muslim world any agency in science, maths, etc. They claim that those workers only copied the Greeks, etc. No matter what I bring up, nothing can get through their armour. Jim Al Khalili (a British physicist of Iraqi origin) has written a great book called “Pathfinders", and there's a ton of other material around now.
You cant just debat religious fubdamentalist.
I got the same experience argumenting with muslim fundamentalist about similar topics.
And for the love of Christ.. they were running in the dark its just ridiculous...
@@DM-dy9bqa some fundamentalist it's always problem from both side how to express their ignorance if someone attack toward their ego
Don't debate with person if he don't want your opinion it only waste of time
I've heard the same about fundamentalist atheists who incorrectly think science is purely an atheist endeavour, and refuse to allow Christians any agency in science and research etc.
One of my thoughts this week is, How much influence should people who reject the biological sciences have on public policy regarding biological matters?
@@sandal_thong8631 Exactly zero! (Zero, of course, being introduced to the western world by the Arabs!)
The Islamic golden age was truly a phenomena, even after the burning of the great libraries of Baghdad at the hands of the Tatars we still have a lot of science rooted in that era. truly impressive.
It wasn't the tatars it was the mongols
@@Bell_plejdo568p could you tell the difference please..
The tatars are the mongols 😂😂
@@NutsforBrainsLOL basically all who were related to turks called them tartars, the rest called them mongols.
That's why middle easterners get confused when they hear the term tartars, they never heard of it as the mongols never called themselves that.
Wow Hindus also give the same reason behind being an outdated and unscientific society. Their science of 'glory days' was burnt in a Library by some Mughal invader. So they keep reminiscing it and deny to move on 😁.
one thing I absolutely love about the Islamic golden age is that you are not forced to choose a single subject/field and stick to it for the rest of your life. something peeks your interest; you go learn it, research it, and hopefully give the world a great invention! you can be a theologian, philosopher, astronomer, doctor, historian, anything under the sun all at the same time!! this type of intellectual freedom is unthinkable in today's society. God, I'm so born in the wrong century!!
that was not exclusive to islamic scholars, most of the scholars of the renaissance were the same, they had many fields they worked on, from phylosophy to mathematics ..etc
@@Yanzdorloph *very very few!
that is not exclusive to islamic or any one culture/reign though , it is although exclusive to the science of all ages except modern .
@@Eddy-Cool
I would have to agree with the other guy. Also, science wasn't well differentiated back then.
Astronomy, medical, philosophy or anything that seemed to have concrete logic was science so it was technically impossible to force anyone.
So true. And people would specialize in different fields at the same time and thus were polymaths...a theologian could be the greatest physicist of his time.
Great episode! We learned (as Arab pupils) a little bit about Ibn Al Haytham at school, but there was more here about him to learn.
What a great episode. So, among all the mad scientists that have existed (and still do), the one who only pretended to be mad set the stage for the scientific method and all true science since his time.
Science is not true or false, it is only more or less functionalist models.
Dude was put in a dark room feigning insanity and came out enlightened. If it was me, I'd most likely went insane for real
It is imaan in ALLAH which makes a momin "A Beliver" in aakhira'h, in scale, in jannah, in jahannum, thus momin can survive most difficult situations.
hahahaha for real brother, it's amazing how humans use their mind, The strange thing is, there are some very very smart people, who still refuse to believe in a Creator, God most high, but they are only betraying themselves
@@aerokasyeal4840 Not really. It's more intellectually and rationally sound to rely on empirical evidence, not listen to ancient superstition that has no relevance today.
He was really in Plato’s cave
@@aerokasyeal4840 o999l99999p
I was devastated to find out Plato did not, in fact, invent the plate.
Gutted.
😭
But did he actually invent the idea of platonic love?
but he DID invent play‐dough
This is how I felt when I found out that Pyrrho wasn't a pyro and that Hypatia didn't have ADHD.
...and Hercules didn't have a burrowing pet named Molecules
Awesome video! 😃
Would love to see a couple that next dive into the importance of the peer review / repeated experimentation by others, and also one on the super important experimental mindset of assuming the null hypothesis.
Love this channel!
Worth mentioning is that Ibn al haitham was freed by the the wife of the ruler (Sit Almulk) whom was originally a Roman concuban. Also back then whoever published something got paid for it except Ibn Alhaitham. He refused to get paid because he believed science is a human right and should be reachable by all. He suffered a lot with rulers born in Basrah(Iraq) ran away from Basrah to Aleppo (Syria) because he refused to build a palace for the ruler. Prisoned in Cairo then freed and kept researching until he died.
Edit: You guys are absolutely right it was Sit Almulk I edited it. Sorry for the huge mistakes
lols, not every woman of high political standing was a concubine ___'eye-roll'
@@ilovehorses38 they usually become rappers
@@ilovehorses38 In the case of Shajar al-Durr, she originally was. Her life was pretty incredible, but sadly we still know way too little about her (e.g. her origin or date of birth):
"She was the wife of As-Salih Ayyub, and later of Izz al-Din Aybak, the first sultan of the Mamluk Bahri dynasty. Prior to becoming Ayyub's wife, she was a child slave and Ayyub's concubine.
In political affairs, Shajar al-Durr played a crucial role after the death of her first husband during the Seventh Crusade against Egypt (1249-1250 AD). She became the sultana of Egypt on 2 May 1250, marking the end of the Ayyubid reign and the start of the Mamluk era."
(had never heard about her before, hence did some digging, but am now very much intrigued)
thank you for the information , but the elder sister of El Hakem was "" Set El Molk "" not Shajar aldur as much as I know, did he have another sister?
Ibn Al-Haytham and Shajar Al-Dur lived 2 centuries apart
Glad a big channel like this giving credit to Arabs /Muslims for the scientific advances they contributed to humanity.
Facts bro 🤝💯
i don't think it really matters which race or religion they're from, we're all humans
So much has changed.
@@m33a agree. Science is a human heritage, meanwhile we should give credit where credit is due. Many western references and books don't mention of the huge role Arabs/Muslims played in translating and preserving creek philosophy (without which we would have never known enlightement) and pioneering many sciences like pharmacy, optics, astronomy, etc.
Have a great day.
He's not arap, silly
Some of the people who translated his works, they mispronounced the word Qumra that he mentioned to Camera...
He was the first person explaining how the human eyes work and how we see the things
May Allah bless his soul
Indians invented algebra
@@HARRAPANBALL Babylonians (Ancient iraqi) invented algebra even before your vedas existed
@@physicsstudent9701 its not that much fundamental developed
But algebra as a science is developed in India
@@HARRAPANBALL and the Indians come again
@@HARRAPANBALL yup, that's why it has Arabic name
Great presentation! The moral of the story is, if you want to make ground breaking discoveries you must be locked in a room until you get bored enough to figure something out😁
😂😂😂
Imma try this
😂😂😂😂😂😂
I have always enjoyed watching your videos. But I think this is the best one. After all you are showing the begining of a begining!!! Job well done and two thumbs up.
Fun fact Ibn Al-Haytham portrait is on the Iraqi Dinar and he was born in Basra southern Iraq.
On iraqi 10 dinars.
The new version of 10 thousand dinars is a building now.
The only thing I knew about this guy that he was behind the root idea of camera's invention.. but I didn't know about his hard work behind this . Amazing
He didn't invent the camera.
@@skeletorlikespotatoes7846 he discovered the principle behind these camera (which existed since antiquity and also in nature). He explained the reason for formation of inverted image using modern steps of scientific method namely observation, hypothesis, experiment,
@@physicsstudent9701 the principle is really basic. This had been described centuries before by Chinese observers. There's nothing technical about the idea. And it had pretty much nothing to do with the development of the actual camera in the 19th century.
@@skeletorlikespotatoes7846 the Chinese philosopher Mozi didn't gave accurate explanation for this. It was ibn al haytham who experimented with lantern and proved his point that light emerges from each point of an object in every direction.
@@physicsstudent9701 he's one example. There's plenty of people who played with this idea. It was not a rare crazy insane or new idea. He may have written down the most clear example (THAT WE HAVE) but the idea is not groundbreaking and did not affect an evolution of the camera.
Amazing video! Thanks for producing it!
I love your video. It must be take a lot of work and research to make it complete like this. Thank you for sharing with us.
Surely, Newton did get some of his ideas from elsewhere. He is often quoted as saying, "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." So he must have been inspires by others who came before him.
That being said, as soon as I saw the thumbnail for this video, I knew it was about Ibn al-Haytham. I've been fascinated by the history of science during the Islamic caliphates, for a long time now. Not enough people know about the scientific contributions of the caliphates.
Scientific method is inventé by galilee
Muslims literally *ruled the world through excellence.* Always remember these two names
***Ibn Sina*** 9th century muslim
*Founder of Modern Medicine*
1. Light being a finite wave
2. Objects having their own personal gravity
3. Father of Medicine, (before this point people in the west used chinese type medicine. "So if you look at jupiter you might have excessive bowl movement today")
4.a. Invented numerous medical equipment we use to this day such as *scalpels* etc
4. As if all of that isnt enough. He postulated about the Big Bang (from the Quranic Verse ofc but he brought it to the realm of science and human attempted understanding)
The rest of which Im still discovering about him as its a pain to find info on him
And
***Ibn Al Haytham*** 9th century muslim
1. ***Founder of Science***
2. Founder of Optics, refractions, the camera etc
3. *Founder of the unbiased experimentation method* (repeated experiments to get less bias? Thats this guy)
4. He also wrote on Gravity like Ibn Sina
Here's the kicker and pin this
** 1687 Isaac Newton (read criminal)
Had a copy of Kitab al Manazir
Source: Islamic Era Scientists: Muhammed Hamza El-Saba (Professor Engineering) Sept 2021
"Ibn Al Haytham did a whole series of experiments, with darkrooms with pinholes (like camera) and other devices, to prove that Light Rays enter the eye from the outside. And he founded the Theory of Light Refraction and Reflection.
This work of Ibn Al Haytham, based on experimental observation in the year 100-" I think they meant 1000, "represents the birth of Scientific experimental method. His approach was translated into Latin and taken up centuries later by Roger Bacon, Francis Bacon, and Galileo.**
___***In 1687, Isaac Newton Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica[1], in which he formulated Newton's laws of motions and Newton's laws of gravity, after centuries of their discovery and publishing, by Islamic era Scientists!"***___
Christians Atheists only thro genocide, colonialism, Nazism, r9pe and cheating in various forms
Then stealing Muslim advancements
Christians do what they do best
At least he had the *audacity* to signage the magnificence
"We stand on the shoulders of giants-!"
My butt
What he means is
"We stole your stuff again Muslims"
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ أَبُو الْجَمَاهِرِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كَعْبٍ، أَيُّوبُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّعْدِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " أَنَا زَعِيمٌ بِبَيْتٍ فِي رَبَضِ الْجَنَّةِ لِمَنْ تَرَكَ الْمِرَاءَ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُحِقًّا وَبِبَيْتٍ فِي وَسَطِ الْجَنَّةِ لِمَنْ تَرَكَ الْكَذِبَ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَازِحًا وَبِبَيْتٍ فِي أَعْلَى الْجَنَّةِ لِمَنْ حَسَّنَ خُلُقَهُ " .
Narrated AbuUmamah:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: I guarantee a house in the surroundings of Paradise for a man who avoids quarrelling even if he were in the right, a house in the middle of Paradise for a man who avoids lying even if he were joking, and a house in the upper part of Paradise for a man who made his character good.
Sunan Abi Dawud 4800
Chapter 8: Regarding good character, Book 43: General Behavior (Kitab Al-Adab)
Grade: Hasan (Al-Albani)
sunnah.com/abudawud:4800
@@ryojs4286Ibn sina wasn’t even muslim.
He was a notorious wine drinker and got chased out of his city for being a heretic.
L.
@@maalikserebryakov ibne sina wasn’t Muslim? 😹
Just google it.he was a devout Muslim Wikipedia says that.
. how dare you call him non muslim.
It’s hurt right hearing about Muslims golden age?
@@asif8224 I am not a kafir, but yes this man here is right. IBN Sina is considered an disbeliever by many scholars of his era. But his contributions are sure amazing
This man is truly amazing! Al-Hazen; The First True Scientist as Oxford Union calls him in 2010. 🙏
In fact, what I personally believe is that science is not the inheritance of just one nation but all great nations who contributed their part in the development. Be it Indians, Chinese, Greeks, Latins, Muslim Arabs, Europeans.
Hats off to everyone! 👍👍👍
Indians invented algebra
@@HARRAPANBALL lol
@@HARRAPANBALL funny how the word algebra sounds arabic and the inventors name is mohammad alkhwarazmi. maybe we should rewrite history. just cuz indians ivented 0 (zero) which was the greatest thing ever. Forgive the sarcasm but you are kinda in the wrong my friend.
@@Findout_1 no my friend you you need to do some research and stop listening to mainstream
I have made a vedio
And provided references ...
Algebra was indeed made a different stream Indians
@@HARRAPANBALL I will look into it
I feel bad for Baghdad from their Golden age to worst , just why , at that time , (Baghdad Golden age ), Baghdad was the center of the world in science , literature ، and art , and a give great scientists that change the world like Alkhawarizmi the father of Algebra , and Algorithm
Great video, to the point & easy to follow.. Thanks a lot!
I learned all of this back in 5th and 6th grade science class. Except change the scientist from Al-Haytham to the more Anglo, Newton. Thank you US education!
Well, We can't thank enough the US 😂
Newton contributed more than the entire Persian golden age combined.
Don’t get me wrong, lots of science came from the Muslim persians.
But Newton was on a different level.
@@maalikserebryakov He build on their work, this is how science works. You could say that the "Internet" contributed the most but without the works of those who started with a telegraph...etc..etc. there would be no internet.
@@maalikserebryakov ibn al haytham was Arab
@@HelpfulGuy95 Arab??? Arabs were against any science! they thought science was a kind of magic! so they banned any kind of activity related to science and would call persians the soccers that should be burnt! cuz they(persians) knew more than the book of Quaran.
I feel like this topic of "muslims and arabs revolutionized science" has been talked about enough for some people to know that very important innovations came from the arabs, which i appreciate. But its not talked about enough for it to be common knowledge, which it definitely should be. So i appreciate you contributing to this topic, joe. Keep up the good work🤍
Exactly, a direct link is made between the Greek/Roman Civilizations and the Enlightment, totally omitting the contributions of the Arab civilization. Thank you Joe for putting this into light (pun intended 😊).
You forgot Persians in Arabic World.
@Buis Bo But they wrote in Arabic as it was the language of science at the time.
We (Americans at least) are taught so little that we barely have words to talk about it. "Arab" doesn't cover it, there were people from all over the empire which stretched (at times) from Cordoba to Calcutta. "Middle East" is inherently eurocentric. "Islamic" erases the contributions of other faiths while also failing to give credit to the active efforts by leadership to be a multicultural empire. But you say "Abbasid" to someone and they look at you like you're crazy. 🤷
@@zeepack yes but persians aren't arabs
to clarify the misconception
أبو عَلْي الحَسَن بن الحَسَن بن الهَيْثَم البصري
Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq,
●Born : Jul1,965AD,Basrah,Iraq
●Died:Mar6,1040,Cairo,Egypt
Appreciate your research and response.
Such a great video. As I a person Bron in Iraq I was taught the history of ibin al haytham and yet learned new things and a new prospective of his story. This is much appreciated since iraq and the rejoin have been through a lot and became a symbol of war and death. It gives hope that the people of that rejoin could be a pioneer of science, math and art like they once were and regain their legacy as a center of invention and discovery since Ibin al Haytham was born in Basra. Iraq and it was under the Islamic empire
Inshallah brother.
I never thought about how it must feel to have your country be associated with war and death etc etc :( I'm sorry it's like that
@@aprilmeowmeow if you live in Muslim countries it's ok, if you live in racust countries like all of western countries then it's a problem
@Average man dude no. You need more knowledge as science is growing. If you just have knowledge let say like ibn al haytham in nowadays, it won't be different as the regular high school teenager level of physics. It is undeniable that muslim inventor is amazing at their era, but if you compare today knowledge with their knowledge it wont enough.
@@pad8941 maybe he meant knowledges level. As you can say Ibn Al Haytham had more knowledge compared to other people of that time.
So if that user had more knowledge compared to present day people.
I apperciate your coverage of a scientist who lived in era that is usually fotgotten when it comes to science, but remembered when it is about myths and religion.
Nicely put 👍
@@arusirham3761 wdym nicely put? is it another false news 😕
@@Shrimzys_Buttplugelaborate
@@Solotocius i am just confused whether they are spreading lies or its actually true that people like that existed before.
@@Shrimzys_Buttplug just search up "Islamic Golden Age"
Super cool explanation. Thanks for sharing this.
Well done! Thanks for the video.
My father's PHD is on the History of Science and Technology, Dr. Eric G Swedin. I have learned a lot about what differentiates technique versus method, science versus artisan skill. The steam engine was not made by an understanding of thermodynamics, it was made by trial and error by artisans. It was a crude imitation of science but not true science. Its a really interesting topic and a thought train to ride.
A good point. Science drives technology and technology drives science.
Algebra was invented by Indians
@RANDOMHARAPAN🙏 Okay, so?
Al khawarizmi was also a Muslim, who also invented Algorithms.
@@-IBI- no Indians invented algorithms before al khawarzmi
@RANDOMHARAPAN🙏 Do you even know how the word 'algorithm' came to be?
In my freshman year a professor wanted to showed us how light worked and he built a camera oscura in one classroom. It was mindblowing.
Just curious if he mentioned Ibn Al-Haytham?
Holy crap man, he deserves a raise
@@allee3476 I bet he didn't.
@@AshrafAnam I bet you’re right. Likely because he didn’t know, or didn’t feel to give credit where credit was due.
@@allee3476 you could say bias cuz I remember watching a lecture in the US 2019 at the time islamophobia/anti arab was rampant so the professor minimized the achievement of ibn and glorified the modern western that played role in the development
Brilliant episode, I didn't want it to finish.
Such nice video. You earned a sub
I love everything about this video as a scientist and professor. Can’t wait to share this way of seeing the scientific method with my students!
Indians invented algebra
@@HARRAPANBALL we know that, the indian Muslim mathematician Muhammad son of Musa of Khwarizm (al-khwarizmi).... The man is the most hated person In modern math classes for adding letters into math 🤣🤣🤣
@@Pfyzer no Al khawazmi is Persian
Bramagupta is Indian
@@HARRAPANBALL khawarzim is not in india nor algebra invented by indians. The word algebra stems from the Arabic word al-jabr, which has its roots in the title of a 9th century manuscript written by the mathematician Al-Khwarizmi.
@@MuhammadIsmail-in6vf no bramagupta invented algebra he is 7the century matamatician
He is first one to give general formula for algebraic expressions
And introduced Hindu numerals ,fractions,negative numbers,zero,constants and gave first formula for quadriatic equation
And gave two solutions for a algebraic equation
He gave formulas of Sum of squares of n natural numbers n(n + 1)(2n + 1)/6 and sum of cube
of n natural numbers (n(n + 1)/2)2
Ibn Al-Haytham: "It's just a river, what's the big deal, I'll just dam it"
Nile:
Ibn Al-Haytham: "They come in extra large???"
Ibn Al-Haytham: I will do something that people called pro gamers moved *Proceed to fake his insanity*
One more thing you did not mention on Ibn Al Haytham is that he was the inventor of the term "critical thinking". That term first appear in the literature in Ibn Al Haytham book criticising Ptolmy's scientific method; I dont remember the title of that book now.
Great work. Keep it up.
I discovered the Camera Obscura on my own when I was a child. My parents got a new refrigerator and I got the box. I was surprised to see an up-side-down movie projected onto the wall of the inside of the box. It was totally fascinating. I was even able to work out what was going on.
Later I saw the camera obscura demonstrated on TV and was delighted to see that I had been right.
This is awesome
@@besmart Maybe it makes what the guy did less impressive, if a child could work it out, even if it was thousands of years later.
Makes you wonder though, how many discoveries like this were lost because the person who made them didn't write it down, or considered it unimportant.
@@erictaylor5462 discovering something is a thing, experimenting on it and writing books is a different thing
@@erictaylor5462in my childhood i also discovered that my eyes see images from different angles and mix them so i can see world in 3d, but i don't think that does make any difference in 3d t.v./picture discovery less impressive.
@@ZizyPvP Yea, that is obvious. What is your point?
You discover something, then you write about it and explain it. That is how you get credit.
If you discover something and you don't write it down, no one else will know you discovered it.
Satyajit Ray, the filmmaker, wrote about this Camera Obscura by Arab Scientists in his story for young adults. Glad for this episode.
You are talking abount Professor Shongku right?
Interesting
Satyajit Ray was Bangladeshi.
@@akhanddbangladesh8274the fuq bangaladesh wasn't even a country until 1970s
@@akhanddbangladesh8274he ain't a kanglu
The way this went full circle was masterful. The way we in the west grow up hearing about newton and Einstein and none of the east guys is a crime, for most of my life they basically didn't exist and had zero contribution in the past.
It's a problem with your school system. I'm Italian and of course, we study the contribution of the Arab Renaissance in preserving Ellinistic material, elaborate on it, and disseminate it in Europe by passing through Spain.
Just wait till you discover the myths you were told about Greek philopshy and medicine.
@@leonfrancis3418 oh boy, you have no idea, but 1st answer is right, my education was particularly bad and not the norm. Philosophy is basically a foreign language where i live and medicine is full of hearsay (which is maddening. One of the reasons why im so obssessed with medicine now. You actually touched on 2 of my favorite topics)
Incoming indians about to tell the world that they invented computer 5000 years ago but british and Mughals stole it 😂😂
Haha you can already see them crying here. Anything with the mention Muslim and they start feeling the pain 😂. Why are they such a miserable bunch
@@-k5703 because just like how tartars destroyed libraries and knowledge of Islamic world. Barbaric Muslims led by Bakhtiyar Khalji destroyed great libraries and temples. Including the one in Nalanda which burned for 3 months.
I mean the whole computer system is based upon ones and zeroes and we all know where 0 came from😂
@@0maeWaMou and Arabs were the one who worked on it and spread it throughout the world and an English dude created the computer.
So I would say aryabhatta's contribution is crucial but not biggest
@@shutpoet Muslims actually brought development, trade, economic boom and prosperity to India when they ruled it. First empire who ruled the region united as one or else Hindu Lords kept going at wars with each other before Moghuls and hence the region was never united or was never One. You can tell lies but those are not facts. If Muslims were such destroyers then why do you have over 1.4 billion Hindus in India still? You guys need to stop lying
The inserts of comedy in your videos is awesome. It makes learning so fun!
This video will serve to be a very important one for a lot of students out there, including me who are in pursuit of science and are striving in the science field. Thank you very much Dr Joe. I'm sharing this with my juniors, seniors and teachers and whoever should listen to this. 🙏🙏
Take both a philosophy, logic, and philosophy of science (which is a course all in itself). As the video says, science isn't just knowing facts, but knowing the nuances that demarcates science from pseudoscience.
I would have liked a mention of Karl Popper and the idea of falsification. I.e. that the way you test a hypothesis is by trying to prove it *wrong*, and that a good scientific theory must be falsifiable.
Loved the metaphor at the end!
Thank you for the Amazing video. This work should be. thought in the classroom. I enjoyed every second of it. Please keep us Informed. with similar videos.
I enjoy taking pictures and developing film, and it’s cool how it gives you some intuition about light. A film camera is basically a dark room with a pinhole (Aperture) for the light to go through, and instead of viewing the image on a wall, it projects itself onto a light-sensitive material. In the case of digital cameras, this still applies only instead of using film to capture that image, they use a digital sensor.
Thank you for this amazing, yet simple explanation of how a camera works
Now I get lt :)
@@Eileen49654 glad I could help.
In essence, it is a miniaturization of Haytham's dark room 🤯
“I constantly sought knowledge and truth, and it became my belief that for gaining access to the effulgence and closeness to God, there is no better way than that of searching for truth and knowledge.” -Ibn Al Haytham
Something we have forgotten in this godless age 😪
do you realize that the quote that you just quoted instantly contradicted what you said ironically instead of proving your point ?
@@zhinkunakur4751 how?
@@Fundamental_Islam.I think you have stated a ill informed conclusion that you have reached by yourself , thus not practicing what you are preaching , where I come and reply with a doubt thus trying to practice what you tried to preach , I could be wrong but I am fairly confident about the amount by which I have unintentionally followed the scientific method is more than the op's , if you disagree , I would love that but also love some valid arguments to match the competence . GD
This quote is fake Lol
Ibn al Haytham never said this
@@maalikserebryakov really? You asked him?
Thanks so much for uncovering this hidden truth.
I now wish that Science and Math classes in the West, especially in the UK, where I live, would let students know this truth also. Make it part of the curriculum!
As a graduate of Roger Bacon High School (a Franciscan high school in Cincinnati, OH), I was ecastatic to hear your mention of Roger Bacon's role in the development of the scientific method. We knew that the scientific method didn't exactly begin with Francis Bacon and that Roger Bacon's (no relation to Francis Bacon, apparently - no six degrees of separation even to Kevin Bacon?) had all but been forgotten. Yet, I was also delighted to hear your even more complete history of the development of the scientific method! Thank you!
Ibn Al Haytham did get enlightened in the dark room.
Though in that dark room light plays an important for the success of his experiment
a fun fact, Ibn Al-Haytham called this dark room " Qumrah " which means the closed dark room, it is believed that the word "camera" originated from that word.
In Latin, "camera" means "chamber" or "room." The word "camera" is derived from the Latin phrase "camera obscura," which means "dark chamber."
@@GardeGriffes Qumra or Camera is well suited... what is the Latin world for camera?
@@KingTaupCreatives camera!
@@GardeGriffes its camera obscura its two word
@@GardeGriffes camera can definitely derived from Qumra.
Thanks my dude, great video
imagine turning away from a project that at the time seems massive and undoable, believing you could lose your head, just to be have your biggest revelation in the aftermath of rejecting it.
It seems like if you're meant to be great, you'll always find greatness
Have you ever learned of Imam Jafar as Sadiq’s contributions to science and education? He alone taught 40 subjects in the first university of 4,000 students in Madina. Among his students are Jabir bin Hayan who is the father of chemistry and Khwarizimi and ibn Sina
And now their only contribution to the world is misery.
@@jasonwhite7677 And yours is hate
@@jasonwhite7677 mainstream media victims detected!
@@HMJKS2000 you guys taught me that.
father of chemistry lol , dont give titles on your own
Thank you for making great content
According to all AC game I've played, Hassan ibn Al-Haytham was an assassin.
I am grateful to have a teacher like you....
Thank you ❤
Joe didn't explicitly state it, although it was implied by the animation of the "lanterns test", but such a camera obscura doesn't just invert the image, it also flips it left/right, for exactly the same reason as the inversion.
Very beautiful.
Easy to understand for those who don't understand.
I was in the back of a van that was very dark, but i could see the outside world like it was projected on the wall on the inside of the Van. One of the most surreal things i have every witnessed. I only now realized the phenomena behind it, and thinking back the van probably had a very small hole somewhere in the wall.
Wow! That book is a gem! I wonder if we can find any copy of this book at present! Thank you for making this video!
Keep on making thease great quality content guys👍 I'll support your patreon when I will start earning
You are doing a great job!
Unfortunetly when the Monogols took Baghdad they distroyed the Mansour Library, only 6 books survived if the library was not distroyed the education would have reach humanity to travel soler systems. All that 900 years of discovery distroyed by the Monogols
Too bad 🤔 why didn't they keep copies in many cities? Humanity already witnessed the library of Alexandria burning. People could have learned from that experience.
2:20 bro I laughed too much at the thought of a Ruler of Egypt banishing an eggplant🤣
Admiral general Aladdin
he got jealous
Your videos are delight to watch.
"The Scientific Method" is a label we give to an intuitive process. Feel like I would have known this is how to confirm natural laws (gravity, light, etc.) without any schooling, and that someone wrote it down 1000 years ago, doesn't mean that even pre-humans didn't understand how to build basic understanding of the world by linking cause-effect and seeing that things worked consistently if they were repeated under the same conditions.
Criticism aside, was a cool bit of non-western history that I'd never heard about.
great video but I noticed some inconsistencies and "errors" in audio fidelity. I can edit audio for you in your next videos if you want and make it sound perfect
Not enough knowledge of Arabian scientifics, thank you for that ! Now im onmy way to imprint his name into my head, Ibn al-Haytham, ibn all haytham...
If you want to know more, you could search up Muslim Golden Ave
Without them the knowledge of the ancient classics would not have survived, and Europe wouldn't achieve tons of scientific breakthrough
He's one of many, we got father of modern medicine, astronomy, psychology etc.. Muslims were basically the foundation of modern science of today
@@abirbinhabib7669
L
this is real muslim science.
propet muhammad discovered how the seasons work 1400 years ago. subhan allah:
“Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The (Hell) Fire complained to its Lord saying, 'O my Lord! My different parts eat up each other.' So, He allowed it to take two breaths, one in the winter and the other in summer, and this is the reason for the severe heat and the bitter cold you find (in weather).
*[ Sahih al Bukhari 3260 ]*
masha allah. 😂😂😂
@maalikserebryakov Keep crying 😂😂😂
@@maalikserebryakov "Baydawi (1319) argues that the point of such comparisons is to remind people of the hereafter. He holds that beautiful things of this life give insight into the comfort and happiness of Paradise, and causes people to incline towards and want it. In the same vein, the difficult, painful and harmful aspects of this life are a sample of the horrors of the fire and its punishment. This causes people to fear it, and to hold back from anything that could lead them to it.
Severe heat and severe cold - that people stay away from in this life - should therefore remind people of the punishment of the fire, some of which will be in the form of both, and cause them to attempt to stay away from it as well."
Science taught us that nature is comprehensible, experiments taught us how to find truths, and the scientific community taught us how to improve from criticism.
Nope. 'Science' is not a creature that could do anything. You check your wild creative personifications, please.
really amazing videos! thank you very much!
6:10 reminds me of that one guy who jumped from the tallest tower so he could fly using his wing contraption.... man was a madlad only breaking some bones on the way down cuz he forgot one key thing, the tail 💀
Great story 👌👌👌. Though I'd read about Ibn Al-Hytham, his contribution to Optics, and his Scientific Method, but your presentation made it so interesting to listen to it, refreshing and inviting to think deeply about Science. Thank you. 👍👍👍
Indians invented algebra
@@HARRAPANBALL Number system with base 10, yes, and quite possibly a few things more. Some of them may be in parallel with the others. However, today's Hindutva cohorts claim everything was invented in India. An joker PM, claiming to have a degree that turns out fake, goes to the extent of taking the credit for the invention of Plastic Surgery -- attaching an elephant's head to a human body :) :) :), and internet, and aeroplanes, and many more things ... :) :) :)
@@HARRAPANBALL 😂😂😂
@@MAlbi-ib6mg search baskara and arya bhatta
@@MAlbi-ib6mg al khawrazmi mentioned he took knowledge from India
I'm very glad we are finally acknowledging the role played by Islamic scientists and philosophers in the history of human knowledge. Similarly, I look forward to the day when we recognise the pre-eminence of other non-Mediterranean cultures and the sophistication of their methods of investigation (e.g. ancient Indian and Chinese medicine, astronomy, geometry, combinatorics, probability, engineering, chemistry, philosophy of mind etc.). Philosophy did not originate in ancient Greece. It originated independently in Greece AND India AND China AND Egypt AND Africa AND...
I think Chinese philosophy is recognized by the world. Everyone knows or has atleast heard of Confucius, Sun Tzu, Art of War etc…
If hindu culture has any written records of this claimed greatness, other than mere extrapolations by RSS/BJP group(which controls hinduism and Hindu society), then please bring it forth. In fact it would be famous by now. Hindu contribution is recognized where due.
Also unlike its animosity with the Muslim world, West has had no problem with hindus and treats hinduism with kid gloves. I am sure there are more gems from your culture but if it was really that outstanding then it wouldn’t be unrecognized.
I really wish common hindus don’t parrot bjp rss talking points, but they do unfortunately!
@@MSS-nt9ko the problem is not to be trivialised. Having heard vaguely of Sun Tzu shouldn't cut it. Academic philosophy needs to engage substantially with Mozi, Mengzi, Kongfuzi and Chuangzi and what they've actually said in SO many domains of immediate relevance to the world today. Speaking of my own areas of expertise (population ethics, AI, propositional logic and philosophy of causality) there is pitifully little engagement I see in mainstream papers and journals. It is also routine for books to say silly things like "the origins of philosophy can be traced back to Ancient Greece" (literally a textbook a read today).
I didn't say Hindu culture, I said Indian. Ancient Indian philosophy includes a vast and incredibly sophisticated treatment of logic, epistemology and axiology by the Buddhists and Jainas, along with "Hindu" schools like Samkhya (which informs much of subsequent Advaita). I suggest we all look past what the BJP/RSS say, since I have zero interest in that. I care about what ancient cognitive philosophers like Panini and Bhartrhari have said, the implications of which we haven't quite understood, because it has largely been ignored in Western academia (there are exceptions like Chomsky who very briefly credits Panini's Asthadhyayi as being the first recorded attempt in history at formulating his theory of generative grammar). I care about what huge Abhidhamma Pitaka says about qualia and how it could inform our urgent study of whether Large Language Models (LLM) experience phenomenology. I personally care about theories of causality and am currently studying how Indian philosophy approaches the topic. They may well have answers to major problems in my field, and I am simply unsatisfied with Kant's attempt to reinvent this wheel millennia later. And the list goes on.
This is not to say Indians invented and knew everything. Of course not. I am simply saying that if we are serious as academics, we shouldn't believe only Ancient Greeks produced any work worth studying. Academia is wonderful, but far from perfect. Great ideas routinely go unnoticed for decades and decades until someone points it out. I hope for a brighter future for my fields in Computer Science!
@@spitfirerulz thanks for your reply. I agree. All the best.
@@MSS-nt9ko by labelling every indian rss/ bjp you are displaying your anti indian bias. he didnt even mention religion still you displaying your hinduism hatred. AS for extremism the worst the hindus have is bjp. as for muslim world the worst cases of extremism are found in likes of isis, taliban. its not a comparison.
imagine if someone labelled you to be parrotting isis talking points. that is not cool. disingenuous trolling attempt.
if you really dont know how indian buddhist philosophy was appreaciated by central, east, southeast asia. either you are troll else you have severse lack of knowledge.
its common sense that western perspective focuses on cultures in close contact with them i.e. middle east and Mediterranean and ignores farther cultures. theres not even a debate. it also wrongly attributes knowledge which came from further east of india, china to middle east just because europe received it from middle east with no knowledge where it came from.
I've been spreading that peice of knowledge for years and little did scientists know of or acknowledge it. Very pleased with this video, keep up the good work 👌
@@O_Canada Just of the bat, according to Standard encyclopaedia of philosophy the scientific method was formed by Newton. Jordan Peterson thinks it's Aristotle, and many of my western teachers have different answers none of them were Arab or Muslim.
Also science now equates athiesm or else your excommunicated from the science community. Can't have the scientific method set by a Muslim scholar 😂 how outrageous.
i was actually studying this same topic in philosophy, so finding this video on the youtube recommandation gave me a big push to truly understand, this was well explained, thank you for your efforts genius
Excellent video! All those people deserve recognition and credit. Something to think about...the scientific method is actually "built in" to nature. Without the ability to detect/observe, make and remember a choice, and then later learn from a bad choice or repeat a good or better choice, nothing could propagate itself. Plants, animals and early humans have been doing these things since they started to exist (and yes, plants do "behave" by avoiding things that are harmful to them and being attracted to things that are good for their survival, like growing towards sunlight). The earliest humans had to observe what they were hunting, test different techniques, abandon those that didn't work and perfect those that did. Same thing a pack of wolves had to do to survive. Nature is "running experiments" all the time. In that sense, the "scientific method" is as old as nature itself. Thanks for the great video!
And that's another way to say that there is nothing exclusive in it nor is there in 'science' as this video and dominant popular publications, including academic histories, keep repeating.
@@PM2022 Yes, "Nothing exclusive" is the entire point. There is no such thing as supernatural. Everything in the universe is just nature.
"Egyptians and Babylonians would explain everything with myths" Greek also had myths about how the sun rise or how lightning is created. It's interesting that you gave Pythagoras as an example while his Philosophy was learned from his time in Egypt.
Nice work
Most consider Aristotle as the first scientist - in an absolute sense. In the fourth century B.C., Aristotle gave unprecedented theories and developed ideas that shape scientific logic and observation as we know it today
That was a really nice story! Well told and enough fun and irreverence to make one smile! 🙂
'Why' is a philosophical question, 'how' is the scientific question.
Good video. It was interesting to learn. Thanks.
Another addition to your science related facts;
Abu Barakat Ibn Al Malik Al Baghdadi discovered The Laws Of motion, 5 centuries prior to Newton.
Abu Rayhan Al Biruni discovered Gravity 6 centuries before Newton.
Thank you for this video. I appreciate the more calm style too. Too often the presenter thinks they need to be amped to keep the attention of the audience. Nope. That's how you lose the audience. Thanks for the great content!
Thanks for this, Joe. This video is really good, and the topic is really important. Simplified though it is, I looked for errors, even incorrect nuances, and your video is exactly right historically and philosophically. Interestingly, the idea that you need evidence (facts) as well as theory is supposed to be a cornerstone of western psychology, economics, law, government policy making, and journalism. It often isn't. The current societal crises in the western world are often a result of a making up or ignoring evidence to suit personal agendas.
Love this video. You should do one exploring traditional knowledge from indigenous ppl
Thank you Sir. Very good work
This is very interesting. Thank you.
thanks for honest unbiased video, outstanding effort❤❤
Such a great video! I think human science is till imperfect. We're so unable to completely step outside our biases. I'm excited for AI to take us closer to true science
@11:17, A poetic and profound analogy in that ending... kudos Joe.
Unfortunately, the Europeans fail to acknowledge or deliberately ignore the fact that Middle East was merely a bridge between Ancient Indian knowledge to the western world.
Maths and science have been in practice centuries perhaps milliniums before in India than the said period here. A simple fact that the modern numbers we use are of Indian origin but termed as Indo-Arabic by the west (Europe, which in the modern geography is actually makes itself the center) proves the deliberate demeriting of many Indian origin inventions.
Others already pointed out, that most of these "Arab" scientists were actually Persian and forced to write in Arabic and become Muslim.
Also Algebra was probably invented in Ancient Babylon, according to Wikipedia. Arabs basically had to conquer all these places to get the knowledge from them. It took them 200 years to be organized enough to write down their religious scriptures.
Years ago (in the 80s I think), I was sitting in the kitchen reading.
the house faces north-south and the south wall is a blind wall (without openings of any kind) so the house never receives sunlight inside.
it was a house built during the French colonial period.
the settler who built it may have feared he would tan and end up looking like the natives.
I read while facing the blind wall.
I had my back to the door which faced north and on this door hung a dark blue canvas curtain.
daylight entered the kitchen through a gap between the wooden door frame and the dark blue canvas curtain.
the kitchen walls were painted white.
at some point i see shapes and colors on the wall to my right and these colored shapes even seemed to move.
it was 3:16 p.m., I remember because I had immediately marked the time on a piece of paper.
I saw that it was happening at the very place where the light coming from outside hit the wall and each movement of the curtain blurred the reflection on the wall.
and the more I prevented the curtain from moving, the sharper the image.
it wasn't until I left the kitchen to go to the common courtyard of the building that I finally realized that what I saw on the wall was in fact a reflection of
the neighbour's laundry drying in the sun.
this laundry was hanging on a wire to my right (so to the east).
moreover the reflection was upside down.
that was before I read anything about Ibn Al Haytham (a friend's son is called Haytham) and the history of the darkroom (camera).
Ibn al-Haytham was so dedicated to his research that he tricked a guard, knocked him out, escaped from his cell, then set up some lamps and went back in again.
Love this. The 'Scientific Method' is super important for explaining why just going around trying something is different from 'science'. That said I distinctly remember an essay I wrote while a PhD student in a philosophy of science class in which I I invoked this so called 'Scientific Method'. Being one of the few natural scientists in the class I needed to be corrected. The Scientific Method is a construct I learned in grade school but which I had assumed to be correct. I am an evolutionary biologist who uses modern techniques such as experimental evolution and comparative genomics to understand evolutionary patterns. The former does allow me to use the 'Scientific Method' while the latter not so much. Indeed, for most organisms not readily amenable to lab culture (from dinoflagellates to whales) experimentation is literally impossible, Indeed, many of your astronomy examples did not experiment because it is impossible to experiment with the night sky. Having been such an early disillusioned scientist I think it is important to highlight that science is done in a variety of ways (outside of the 'Scientific Method', think paleontology, geology, phylogenormics, etc.) . The true scientific method is simply 'Viewing the evidence, Forming a hypothesis, Examining the hypothesis in light of new evidence." The evidence doesn't and simply can't always come from experimentation. If scientists followed and only accepted "The Scientific Method" we would not trust Galileo, Copernicus, Newton, or even Eintstein,. None of the experimentation these scientists did was experimental in the a 'Scientific Sense.' Indeed, Darwins convincing Origin of Species did not at all conform to the scientific ideal of the Scientific Method'. I think it much better to portray this thing, ie. 'The Scientific Method'', as a construct. An ideal all scientists wish they could use but realistically few can.
Isn't this just sometimes inductive, sometimes deductive reasoning that you mean?
That is so true. Are there any books you studied which helped you in gaining clarity ' of various scientific methods' ?
The first quantitative estimate of the speed of light is seen in Indian vedic scholar Sayana's commentary on the Rigveda, one of the main Hindu scriptures. It says sun light travels 2202 Yojanas in a half Nimesa.
@@bobbyd6040 u can find it,,
@@NiteshKumar-le2qi it's fake. Yoajanas amount has been adjusted to fit light speed.