This is the greatest presentation about black soldier fly larvae I've found anywhere. Thank you for sharing, and I hope this kind of composting catches on everywhere. :)
This is soooo coool. Re-purposing vegetable waste into usable protein is super useful resource management for the food industry, who otherwise have to deal with a significant percentage of their product spoiling no matter what country or economy you're farming in. To be able to turn that waste into additional revenue is not just eco-friendly, it's money friendly. Also awesome seeing working women working with insects like it's totally normal!
That is amazing I am interested for this video I study Biology at university, how can I get internship with you please I need it to solve the problems of waste management in Rwanda.
I have been raising these little guys for a little over a year in a black and yellow 40 gallon "Compost" tub. I have holes drilled in it on all sides and we fill it with waste from the kitchen. It gets digested by the flies and falls out of the holes. The flies can also enter and leave the holes for mating, food and to complete their life-cycle in the garden. We just move the bin around the garden so the flies can do their thing all over the place. I really just wanted someplace to compost waste but these little guys are awesome helpers and my chickens absolutely love them.
I am astonished!!!!! Congratulations for the work I was doing a lot of researches on the subject and to produce it in my country and just hit you guys with these amount of information Thanks
Why we aren't using these systems to manage municipal waste, to feeding chickens and fish is beyond me. (Not really) There are a lot of economic and political forces at play that these systems would jeopardize their profit margins, farmers, feed and fertilizer manufacturers, transporters, etc. We need to finally come to terms with our current methods and put these alternative systems in place. For those of you who say it's gross or yuk, it just shows how far removed you are from your food source and how it's really produced. Start with "Farmageddon" here on UA-cam.
no, you just accuse baselessly , because common internet blodhead's mindset is always 'its bad? i don't know anything? it must be because of this political/economy/government/greedy corporation sinister actions!' they can for certain cases, but i doubt it is for this case sure, i haven't read much about waste management that we currently have, but from what i can imagine, the scale of these flies maggots can't really cope with wastes made by , say, your city also, where are you going to send those maggots? one farmer of this maggots cultivate them because he had a chicken coop for him to feed these larvae to, but cities? with way way way more bio wastes in the densely populated cities than rural ones, while to the contrary way way way less space or chicken farming, im not sure if you can just 'fed them somewhere' nearby. Remember that this is fly larvae, if you don't use them in that few days (or even a day), they will turn into thousands if not millions in the scale needed for a wastage plantation of flies
one way to solve that problem is to make them durable like the method tried in the video however if they're not the common one you see, it might be because: 1. realistically, the cost to transport them etc might not make it a cost-friendly one for marketers to sell, and your common farmers will surely prefer cheaper products that can easily be obtained 2. to replace the current wastage system everywhere with this might be restricted due to costly replacement. Just like the solar rays, while it sounds great 'emission-free, free energy' yet we don't see that so common here and there due to the costs to make solar panel electric generator system among other things
This is too good for our environment ! Indonesia style is very low cost , China style is high tech ! each have their own benefit ! Thanks for sharing this video !
This system can also handle animal and human waste as well. It's another option for people that use composting toilets. And being able to grow your own animal feed is golden.
Very cool, and amazing of you to share your methods to the world. Hope someone can make it into a standardised way to handle food waste here in Europe.
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ Excellent eco-friendly procedure, this great concept should be COMPULSORY everywhere. I had this idea thirty years ago, but using clothes moths, which would eat and digest old textiles. I submitted my idea to a scientific competition for new eco-technologies, but I got precisely zero response, although it seems to me such a valid, useful and economical method. I wish my own local authority in Scotland would adopt a method such as this: the larvae could be used to feed the salmon in the fish farms.
hi assalamu allaikum, I am from trinidad in the caribbean. I am currently working on a plan to grow and harvest BSF larvae as well. I have not met any locals who are yet doing it so all information gathered online is much appreciated. my plan is to dry the larvae and then pulverize it to make a meal similar to fish meal and then combine with the appropriate grains as starches to make a high protein pellet for fish and poultry. i see that some countries offer microwave drying technology that works efficiently. in my case that would be too costly to run so I will dry mine Ina revolving drum using hot air blown I to it.
Drying the larvae is a very interesting topic. Microwave drying results in a very nice product but is, as you say, very costly (capital and running costs). Please let us know about the experience you make with your revolving drum on our Facebook page facebook.com/BSFhandling/
Walikum Assalam Orhamatullahe Wabarakatu , just today I saw your this Massage ! I could share & join with you !! If any one is Interested to start BSF farming, any where in this planet, please contact me ASAP !! Please Mia Amirparvez, New York, USA, 1 - 917 302 5943 / 1 - 917 302 0177 / Email: almattours@gmail.com
Hi, iwoyto twc Karim. I'm also in business of making fish meal of BSFL. Most companies says that it will be substitute of fish meals but actually it is more high cost than fish meals right now. By making profits from BSFL, you have to make tons of them and make a connection that will buy your product on regular basis. Also, don't forget that these little fly has only about 40~50 days to end their life, so it will be very busy.
Great video one question arises however, why feed the chicken feed instead of food waste before the prepupa stage? That sort of confused me chicken feed is expensive and very energy intensive. Spilled grain and waste grain/chaff would be a much cheaper alternative and more environmentally friendly.
Yeah, there's a comment from the guy who heads this place. They've done some analysis on the liquid product and it has similar qualities to pig manure biofuel.
This is awesome. A real ecocenter. This way of doing is "the" way it should be done everywhere. All natural. Iguess bugs are the future. I am so much not ready for it.
Since you have basically setup a composting facility and then fed the compost to the larvae, why not simply compost? It removes the problems of handling teh larvae and reduces the number of people need to run it.. The compost can be sent to the farms or sold.
This setup is advantageous because of how fast BSF turn organic waste into valuable products. Apparently, BSF are faster decomposers than red wrigglers. Composting without using worms or BSF will take months which is a long time. BSF will expedite this process. You also get valuable animal feeds from BSF farming unlike traditional composting with or without worms. You get BSF frass which can be used as soil nutrients and more importantly get a valuable source of food for animals.
Brother, just today I saw your this Massage ! I could share & join with you !! If any one is Interested to start BSF farming, any where in this planet, please contact me ASAP !! Please Mia Amirparvez, New York, USA, 1 - 917 302 5943 / 1 - 917 302 0177 / Email: almattours@gmail.com
accidentally got bsfl in my compost ben-millions.....i was so very happy -i immediately started research,as i knew nothing...other than my worm ben experiment failed......i have night crawlers and earth worms as well as red wigglers in a combo compost of dirt,top soil and leaves-again a happy accident(no bens,just pile on ground....trying to develop a workable system for myself as i am in very poor health...seems my failures some how have happy endings.............LOVE THIS VID'..........THANK YOU
Hello. I am from Egypt i want to start this buisness but i cant count the Expensis correctlly. Please answer my questions first in one tray how many larvae you are putting. How much food you are putting per meal. Can you send eggs by dhl how much
This way the market makes a profit selling the waste, the company makes a profit selling their feed, and less grain is used to feed the chickens and fish. Grain is a very inefficient way to raise livestock, so this helps the environment by reducing the amount of land needed to be cleared for crops, and means more grain can enter the market for human consumption, meaning more food is available. It's a very good system, and everyone involved benefits in one way or another.
With such large amounts of waste, it would inevitably end up in a landfill where it would decompose anaerobically which would result in pockets of methane.
But if you have to BUY for your in-feed material for your BSF rearing, you wouldn't make any money, it has to be FREE waste, since the yield is very low
Great video and amazing information. What do you do with the drained water from the waste? You mention in the guide using it for later use or for treatment, but do you have more information?
Thank you for the comment. Currently, we do not use the liquid but we have analysed its potential for biogas production. The methane yield was around 450 ml/g VS which is comparable to the biogas production from food waste or pig manure
there is no technology to this real simple they show you how to do it in the video you can do this anywhere in the world where the temperature is of reasonable temperature during summer and spring around the world this can be done in your backyard and small amounts big amounts you know this is something that needs to be done so we get away from feeds and Grains for chickens for fish this is very important it can made into feed into pellets
They are not mentioning that what is left from the feed is a very rich compost that can be used for fertilizing plants. This is very important since most fertilizers are imported at a very high price from industrial nations. So selling this organic fertilizer to local farmers is a win-win
This is incredible. But can someone tell me how can I make one? Like if someone's lives in normal house with a very small yard space. What can he/she build to make LOTS of BSF larvae
The Cleanest Facility i have seen soo far on the BSF Projects around the World on the Internet.. 👏👏👏 Good Job !
This is the greatest presentation about black soldier fly larvae I've found anywhere. Thank you for sharing, and I hope this kind of composting catches on everywhere. :)
This is the FUTURE, and I absolutely love it. Its brilliant in every way.
And now, still no one use it
No matter how disgusting they are. They are valuable in our environment.
Actually didn't find them that disgusting. That rotten fruit on the other hand, I don't know if I have the stomach for shoveling that.
.
TheDamped Agreed. Can't imagine how bad it'd smell.
idk why but i think herbivore larvae is not as disgusting as carnivore one.
Not really still they are killing inhuman. Same like for milking cows her should die to get profit.
Bro
It's a more than a billion worth video,It's a solution for poultry and fish forms ,keep it on bro, God bless you all
@fake account really?
Best BSF video,actually the only one that illustrates cycle and doe not play useless music.
This is soooo coool. Re-purposing vegetable waste into usable protein is super useful resource management for the food industry, who otherwise have to deal with a significant percentage of their product spoiling no matter what country or economy you're farming in. To be able to turn that waste into additional revenue is not just eco-friendly, it's money friendly. Also awesome seeing working women working with insects like it's totally normal!
Wuih keren, gw baru tau di indonesia udh ada beginian....bravo, semoga menyebar ke seluruh kabupaten dan negara lain.
That is amazing I am interested for this video I study Biology at university, how can I get internship with you please I need it to solve the problems of waste management in Rwanda.
I have been raising these little guys for a little over a year in a black and yellow 40 gallon "Compost" tub. I have holes drilled in it on all sides and we fill it with waste from the kitchen. It gets digested by the flies and falls out of the holes. The flies can also enter and leave the holes for mating, food and to complete their life-cycle in the garden. We just move the bin around the garden so the flies can do their thing all over the place. I really just wanted someplace to compost waste but these little guys are awesome helpers and my chickens absolutely love them.
Do you have any video of your setup? Please give me the link. Thank you so much!!!!!
I am astonished!!!!!
Congratulations for the work
I was doing a lot of researches on the subject and to produce it in my country and just hit you guys with these amount of information
Thanks
Jiu Jitsu Upside Down stop plagiarizing.
Hi I'm seeking some help here, can you pleas share some of your experience.
My whatsap number is 7620566208
From Jiu Jitsu all the way to Larvae.
@@RahulSharma-pt6up what help do you need
🤣🤣🤣
How can I add german subtitles to your video. I would like to translate
The dead flies from the "love cages" are also used to feed chicken/fishs ?
Quite insightful, I've seen many BSF farming models but this one is thrilling.
Very informative and direct to point. This gave me loads of info. Cheers!!
Why we aren't using these systems to manage municipal waste, to feeding chickens and fish is beyond me. (Not really)
There are a lot of economic and political forces at play that these systems would jeopardize their profit margins, farmers, feed and fertilizer manufacturers, transporters, etc.
We need to finally come to terms with our current methods and put these alternative systems in place.
For those of you who say it's gross or yuk, it just shows how far removed you are from your food source and how it's really produced.
Start with "Farmageddon" here on UA-cam.
Thats chiken food
Imma say no to farmageddon cause that sound like a pyramid scheme
no, you just accuse baselessly , because common internet blodhead's mindset is always 'its bad? i don't know anything? it must be because of this political/economy/government/greedy corporation sinister actions!'
they can for certain cases, but i doubt it is for this case
sure, i haven't read much about waste management that we currently have, but from what i can imagine, the scale of these flies maggots can't really cope with wastes made by , say, your city
also, where are you going to send those maggots? one farmer of this maggots cultivate them because he had a chicken coop for him to feed these larvae to, but cities?
with way way way more bio wastes in the densely populated cities than rural ones, while to the contrary way way way less space or chicken farming, im not sure if you can just 'fed them somewhere' nearby. Remember that this is fly larvae, if you don't use them in that few days (or even a day), they will turn into thousands if not millions in the scale needed for a wastage plantation of flies
one way to solve that problem is to make them durable like the method tried in the video
however if they're not the common one you see, it might be because:
1. realistically, the cost to transport them etc might not make it a cost-friendly one for marketers to sell, and your common farmers will surely prefer cheaper products that can easily be obtained
2. to replace the current wastage system everywhere with this might be restricted due to costly replacement. Just like the solar rays, while it sounds great 'emission-free, free energy' yet we don't see that so common here and there due to the costs to make solar panel electric generator system among other things
It is already in use in South india
This is too good for our environment ! Indonesia style is very low cost , China style is high tech ! each have their own benefit ! Thanks for sharing this video !
It should be published over the world. It help the village clear all food garbage to be recycled as fertilized product, too. Super video.
Excellent, clear voice over. Makes a big difference. Thanks.
a very ingenious way to dispose bio waste. just wow!
Congratulations on this video. Very informative and concise. Stands out from the rest on UA-cam!
Great work. Respect from Canada!!!
A professional production unit with systematic process and cleaned environment. I like it. Thanks to the management.
very organized. thank you for all the information. we waste so much food into landfills. every country should be doing this.
Surely theres a use for the dead flies after mating? Are they not edible for something?
For their own brood?
John Smith you mean feeding the larvae?
@@jubhgioubgob yes. I guess they eat just everything
Completely genius and I really love it that your also making those pellets!! Wow! Yes, the whole world needs this natural way. Nature is best😃
Hi
Good morning my dear friend and happiness of this week so nice girl I am fine and you ki haal he jnab
Excellent! This represents great progress in food production & soil management.
This system can also handle animal and human waste as well. It's another option for people that use composting toilets. And being able to grow your own animal feed is golden.
Very cool, and amazing of you to share your methods to the world.
Hope someone can make it into a standardised way to handle food waste here in Europe.
It is forbidden by law, for it is considered as raising animals, and you cannot feed animals with waste.
I came here after completing your course on coursea thanks for this. I am planing on trying this in my college
Can't find the course there. can you give me the name please? thanks.
@@jcb449 municipal solid waste management in developing countries.
1:28 what are those young larva feeding ?
Are they larvae used as a compound feed or as protein component in feed formulation?
What's the energy value of the larvae?
I just started mine with 20 grams of BSF eggs, hopefully they will eat all the organic kitchen waste❤😊
How is it going???
@@shameikasmith2910 amazing, I just dump my kitchen scrap and they eat all organic material👍😊
nice, seems like a lot of work, hope there is a way to automate some of this. I wonder why black soldier flies were chosen.
thank you for sharing, it will be beneficial for struggling countries that have trouble with biowaste
But wat if it infested in our homes and near places in large number
Amazing work. I'm also working on Black Soldier Flies. Whenever I'll come to Indonesia, I'll visit the place and learn this technique.
I want to do this project in Egypt, can you help me with that
Hi Temo, me too.
How can we connect on this? Let's work together.
Where is it? What is the name of company? Thx a lot
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ Excellent eco-friendly procedure, this great concept should be COMPULSORY everywhere. I had this idea thirty years ago, but using clothes moths, which would eat and digest old textiles. I submitted my idea to a scientific competition for new eco-technologies, but I got precisely zero response, although it seems to me such a valid, useful and economical method. I wish my own local authority in Scotland would adopt a method such as this: the larvae could be used to feed the salmon in the fish farms.
I just loved the concept.
How much of compost does it generate and how can it be used?
What kind of yellow's water that using to urge lavae to move out to 2nd container.? Thank you very much for your answer
Whoever made this is a genius
asking for a friend but where can I get some of these bugs in the USA more importantly in Indiana?
m.ua-cam.com/video/7dg4EjVKlHQ/v-deo.html
Watch this
hi assalamu allaikum, I am from trinidad in the caribbean. I am currently working on a plan to grow and harvest BSF larvae as well. I have not met any locals who are yet doing it so all information gathered online is much appreciated. my plan is to dry the larvae and then pulverize it to make a meal similar to fish meal and then combine with the appropriate grains as starches to make a high protein pellet for fish and poultry. i see that some countries offer microwave drying technology that works efficiently. in my case that would be too costly to run so I will dry mine Ina revolving drum using hot air blown I to it.
Drying the larvae is a very interesting topic. Microwave drying results in a very nice product but is, as you say, very costly (capital and running costs). Please let us know about the experience you make with your revolving drum on our Facebook page facebook.com/BSFhandling/
Spread organic agriculture in the phillipines
Walikum Assalam Orhamatullahe Wabarakatu , just today I saw your this Massage ! I could share & join with you !! If any one is Interested to start BSF farming, any where in this planet, please contact me ASAP !! Please Mia Amirparvez, New York, USA, 1 - 917 302 5943 / 1 - 917 302 0177 / Email: almattours@gmail.com
Hi, iwoyto twc Karim. I'm also in business of making fish meal of BSFL. Most companies says that it will be substitute of fish meals but actually it is more high cost than fish meals right now. By making profits from BSFL, you have to make tons of them and make a connection that will buy your product on regular basis. Also, don't forget that these little fly has only about 40~50 days to end their life, so it will be very busy.
Do you recommend this method to create feed for our own farm with a 12000 chickens
Absolutely fascinating, thank you for the video, I actually watched it twice!!!
I wonder if you could modify this to be less labor intensive?
Brilliant idea..it will reduce all pollution in the whole world..
Its has been 3 years ago, finally find this helpfull video, can i have question, are this company / site / local industry still active right now?
How do you keep the house flies from laying eggs in the fruit as they drain?
Great video one question arises however, why feed the chicken feed instead of food waste before the prepupa stage? That sort of confused me chicken feed is expensive and very energy intensive. Spilled grain and waste grain/chaff would be a much cheaper alternative and more environmentally friendly.
The juice from the hammer mill which is drained could be fermented into bio fuel. Is this a consideration?
It's just bottled and sold as is. Apparently it's delicious.
Yeah, there's a comment from the guy who heads this place. They've done some analysis on the liquid product and it has similar qualities to pig manure biofuel.
How much Pupa provide ti emerged to BSF in one meeting and lay eggs cage?
Amazing work ! I wonder if red wigglers worms can also be used as feed for fish and chickens. 🤔
Do you just maintain moisture for the eggs or do you have some other methods to the eggs and is it compulsory to feed chicken waste to the larvae?
How they can be turned to chitosan and be sold to cosmetics factories? 🙏🏽
What is the percentage of Crude Protein in the larvaes?
around 40-45%
5-10 days old 50-60 %
10-15 days old 30-50 %
The younger the better.
But also depend on what food waste they eat
This is awesome. A real ecocenter. This way of doing is "the" way it should be done everywhere. All natural. Iguess bugs are the future. I am so much not ready for it.
Whoah! I really want to have a business facility like that...
It's AMAZING!
Well done. ThanQ for putting together a detailed, to the point video that is easy to watch. Good job.
Since you have basically setup a composting facility and then fed the compost to the larvae, why not simply compost? It removes the problems of handling teh larvae and reduces the number of people need to run it.. The compost can be sent to the farms or sold.
wondering the same thing myself, what is the point of going through all that trouble, seems like a waste of energy in and of itself.
@@GreenRoomMusicClub well I was digging around.. if you feed the raw waste to soldier fly larvae then you get a high protein feedstock for poultry
This setup is advantageous because of how fast BSF turn organic waste into valuable products. Apparently, BSF are faster decomposers than red wrigglers. Composting without using worms or BSF will take months which is a long time. BSF will expedite this process. You also get valuable animal feeds from BSF farming unlike traditional composting with or without worms. You get BSF frass which can be used as soil nutrients and more importantly get a valuable source of food for animals.
Please can you help me with the amount of waste to give to a specific weight of 5day olds
thank you so much for your studies and hard work. i greatly admire and appreciate your work. from S.Korea.
Hello good afternoon, what kind of light/ lamps you use to stimulate mating?
Thanks.
I had no idea about this. I wonder if it would work on a cooler environment.
Can u arrange training program about this....
This is great but how I set up this in Nigeria. I have a fish farm and would like to rear black flies as feed source
You gotta find some black solder fly and farm them. If you can't, you have to buy it
thank you for the video ..but a lot of details are missing
Can human waste be used to produce the larvae ?
Poop?
Hi there, thank you for the great video, the link to the guid is no longer available, how else can we get it?
Mark Perry
www.eawag.ch/en/department/sandec/projects/mswm/black-soldier-fly-biowaste-processing/
what about fish food , we need to use conservation technical or treatment to fight microorganisms ?
how amazing is this with full downloadable brochure, thank you very much!
Will you be marketing the pellet feed
Hi I have a question. Will the fish or chicken or pig still need something else on their diet? Or 100% insect will be enough?
Pliz will give me the introduction of how you started black soldier fly.Thank you in advance.
Can humans eat the larvae? Or do they contain poisonous biowaste?
Is this the same facility Adi Kotoni is at? Do you guys offer training?
Also... is there a by product for these larvae to produce VERMICOMPOST like earthworm does?
beautiful. i have been waiting for thus for a long time.
Brother, just today I saw your this Massage ! I could share & join with you !! If any one is Interested to start BSF farming, any where in this planet, please contact me ASAP !! Please Mia Amirparvez, New York, USA, 1 - 917 302 5943 / 1 - 917 302 0177 / Email: almattours@gmail.com
what temperatures do they need to grow and reproduce?
What do you do if get very cold winters?
accidentally got bsfl in my compost ben-millions.....i was so very happy -i immediately started research,as i knew nothing...other than my worm ben experiment failed......i have night crawlers and earth worms as well as red wigglers in a combo compost of dirt,top soil and leaves-again a happy accident(no bens,just pile on ground....trying to develop a workable system for myself as i am in very poor health...seems my failures some how have happy endings.............LOVE THIS VID'..........THANK YOU
What is done about the excess liquid that is squeezed out of the rotten fruits and during larvae production
earth work,fertilize soil
How is the taste of animals like chicken n pig fed with bsf?
Can u please tell, what is the composition with larvae to palletizing
Thank you!
Is there an update on your pellet production?
Hello. I am from Egypt i want to start this buisness but i cant count the Expensis correctlly. Please answer my questions first in one tray how many larvae you are putting. How much food you are putting per meal. Can you send eggs by dhl how much
Hi I am interested in visiting your factory. Where is your factory located?
Sir, What light source do you use for lighting purpose?
Why is it so important to process fruits and vegetables? Wouldn't they decompose very fast anyways?
This way the market makes a profit selling the waste, the company makes a profit selling their feed, and less grain is used to feed the chickens and fish. Grain is a very inefficient way to raise livestock, so this helps the environment by reducing the amount of land needed to be cleared for crops, and means more grain can enter the market for human consumption, meaning more food is available. It's a very good system, and everyone involved benefits in one way or another.
With such large amounts of waste, it would inevitably end up in a landfill where it would decompose anaerobically which would result in pockets of methane.
But if you have to BUY for your in-feed material for your BSF rearing, you wouldn't make any money, it has to be FREE waste, since the yield is very low
this will be the next big thing for fish feed/farms the feed is costing to much they need a new source of protein to make more money.
inn0s well, they would smell and take a long time.
Great video and amazing information. What do you do with the drained water from the waste? You mention in the guide using it for later use or for treatment, but do you have more information?
Thank you for the comment. Currently, we do not use the liquid but we have analysed its potential for biogas production. The methane yield was around 450 ml/g VS which is comparable to the biogas production from food waste or pig manure
What about using it for bio-poncis like aquaponics @@stefandiener3183
5:03 what are you adding with BSFL for making pellet?
Maybe only dry the BSF and some baking powder
Please reply, how can I control smell management
Hi .
I need complete facibilty report wanf to share with our students
there is no technology to this real simple they show you how to do it in the video you can do this anywhere in the world where the temperature is of reasonable temperature during summer and spring around the world this can be done in your backyard and small amounts big amounts you know this is something that needs to be done so we get away from feeds and Grains for chickens for fish this is very important it can made into feed into pellets
How do they deal with bacteria
@@edwardjohnston6286
fruit bacteria usually good bacteria, but it be saver if you fermented the fruits, so it won't get stink
This is very efficient and clever. Should be standard in all countries!
Hello, What kind of fabric is used for the dark cage inside and outside?
They are not mentioning that what is left from the feed is a very rich compost that can be used for fertilizing plants. This is very important since most fertilizers are imported at a very high price from industrial nations. So selling this organic fertilizer to local farmers is a win-win
Can you kindly make this video downloadable? Thank you.
This is incredible.
But can someone tell me how can I make one?
Like if someone's lives in normal house with a very small yard space. What can he/she build to make LOTS of BSF larvae
read the video description. they made a step-by-step guide.