APML | PML RARA fusion Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ( Rapid review!!!)

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Hello friends !! today we will be discussing all about APML or acute promyelocytic leukemia. we will discuss in an animated video the pml rara fusion gene and the symptoms of apml, diagnosis of apml, pathogensis of apml and finally treatment of apml.
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Helloo friends.welcome back to another educational video on pathogenesis.
We have started Leukemia bytes series where we will be giving rapid review of different leukemias. Also, we have added take-home points at the end of each video for quick revision. Leukemia is proliferation of cells in blood and bone marrow. It can be acute or chronic depending on the type of cells proilferating and duration of onset of symptoms. Acute leukemia is charachterised by a drastic and short course and shows prolifeartion of immature hematopoiteic cells or blasts. Where as, chronic leukemias have a long latent period and involved prolifeartion of mature blood cells.
Today we will be discussing APML,acute promyelocytic leukemia is a distnict type of acute leukemia because it presents with life threatneing symtopms like bleeding and DIC. It has a charachterstic morphology, and is easily diagnosed on peripheral blood smear examination. It also has charecterstic flow cytometry findings of CD34 and HLA-Dr negativity with CD13,33,117 and MPO positivity. Why does this leukemia occur?? It is purely driven by the genetic event of PML-RARA fusion.This video describes detailed PATHOGENESIS of how PML-RARA fusion disrupts myeloid maturation and causes leukemia. Using video animations we have simplified the PML-RARA dynamics as well as how the drug of choice " ATRA " is so highly effective in controlling disease and symptoms.
If diagnosed early with prompt treatment , this leukemia has the best prognosis with upto 90% cure rates, However any delay in diagnosis or treatment initiation causes bleeding in lungs or brain which can be fatal.
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PATHOGENESIS
leukemia # APML #Acute promyelocytic leukemia # Pathogenesis
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[@bharanim8031]

Soon your channel becomes very popular. Explanations are so good. Very well explained. Really fantastic.

[@pathogenesis4363]

We are really glad to be of helpful . We all have been through this stage and realise the importance of 2 hours topics being explained in ten minutes . Your replies and feedbacks keep us motivated to produce more useful content ☺️

[@prabalmajumder5179]

This is just an extraordinary explanation in a short and simple way mam ..really thanks a lot and waiting for such vdos specially of leukemia and lymphoma series..as a pathologist I am sure it will help us and also mbbs and md pathology students..best of luck mam

[@kanwaljeetkaur8946]

Great job..u guys are bright and hardworking....keep it up

[@pathogenesis4363]

Thanks a lot mam . U are an inspiration for us

[@drpathlogist2058]

PML-RARA pathogensis explained very well.

[@pathogenesis4363]

Glad we could help

[@INTELLECTMEDICOS]

Superb. Very informative!👍

[@pathogenesis4363]

Thanks a lot 😊

[@Mr_Reb3llion]

Thank you so much! :)

[@sindhurajendren8103]

Wonderful explanation....nice

[@pathogenesis4363]

Thankyou

[@norasardar]

Thank you

[@pathogenesis4363]

You're welcome

[@indrani21dec]

Nice video, I think you showed picture of Sudan black B showing black granules instead of brown MPO positive granules??
Please check it once
Rest is awesome 👌

[@pathogenesis4363]

Thanks Dr. Indrani. No this is MPO staining only. We don’t do sudan black for acute leukemias at our center. Color depends on dab used and duration of dab . As you can see in this pic , internal controls of mpo i.e neutrophils , myelocytes etc are also positive

[@indrani21dec]

@@pathogenesis4363 ohkk great then, yes internal control has worked nice here, as it was looking more black rather than brown, so I thought. But I guess colour is like that for the camera n all, thanks so much for the clarification, and all the videos are very informative 👍.

[@pathogenesis4363]

Thankyou so much !!!

[@kadeerbaloch6377]

Why is APML negative for HLA DR? THANKS

[@pathogenesis4363]

Hi Kadeer. Good question. Promyelocytes are ahead of blasts in the maturation pathway of myeloid cells. So while moving from blasts to promyelocyte stage they gradually loose CD34 and HLA-DR hence the abnormal promyelocytes of APML are CD34 and HLA-DR negative.

[@bruryrosally]

The Music is annoying during lecture

[@keshanyamoodley8727]

please remove the music