Paul you look in the best health and spirits I've seen you in yet, masha'Allah, keep up the good brother, and thanks for this upload it is a very important subject that you have covered.
Excellent analysis and excellent video production. We must stop being brain washed into thinking the only appropriate system is modern day secular liberalism. They have not proven secular liberalism to be true or more superior than the religious paradigm. In fact, the religious paradigm has more philosophical grounding, explanatory power and facilitates more overall societal well being.
Your right but , feel free to go live in any present day so called muslim country and you'll see that in today's world the only places one can freely practice religion without someone getting you how to pray, what to say, and not to mention where you would have a shot at a decent life without being taken advantage of by a rich family and cronies is all in "the west" These so called muslim countries are not Islamic
@@srnp0007 all of them. None of them fully follow shariah, none of them have a caliphate system, they have corrupt leaders that are just told to do by secular powers
The entire book is essential reading. I first read it as a 21 year old student. Still refer to it every now and then Such a pleasure to revisit the book once again on your channel!
That is an facinating analysis , it break down what we can't see or understand about islam when it came to the effec of islam on large scale and how islam manage to put a foundation to be applied at large sacle in order to avoid many sophisticated issues that we deal with it nowaday , and to develop truly balanced and intergated commuinty that don't struggle or fight about the basic or foundation thing that shouldn't fight about .
Hi Paul First of all, nice to see you are safe back home. Secondly, l would like to say that Gai Eaton and the other similiar Western scholars in this respect may adress to me and, l think, to other millions of none-western muslims like me who were brought up and educated by the institutions that had been designed in accordance with the eurocentric vision. (There are many other reasons as well but here is not the place to touch on). Unfortunately this is a reality whether we like or not and it will take time to be aware of this fact and then to initate the corrective steps in the right direction. For the time being then, Paul pls go ahead and your contributions are great value of.
The sermon of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq upon his assumption of the caliphate(11 Hijri) 📜 When the people pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr in As-Saqeefah, the next day, Abu Bakr stood on the pulpit, praised Allaah and said: "O people I have been appointed over you, though I am not the best among you. If I do good, then help me; and if I act wrongly, then correct me. Truthfulness is a trust and lying is treachery. The weak among you is to me strong until I return to him what is rightfully his, Allaah willing, and the strong among you is to me weak until I take from him the rights of others, Allaah willing …. When people abandon Jihaad in the path of Allaah, Allaah humiliates them, and when fornication spreads among the people, Allaah spreads disease among them. Obey me as long as I obey Allaah and His Messenger. And if I disobey Allaah and His Messenger, then I have no right to your obedience. Stand up now to pray, Allaah have mercy on you.'"
Amazing stuff you have covered for us Paul. Revisiting Istanbul old and new and all.its angles.Elif Shafak and Orman novels helps this too. Other than that Allah has surely blessed this space and it's people over time .
@@BloggingTheology love your work. New camera is good, but please get a better microphone. Maybe a desktop rode mic. It can be out of shot but facing up to you. They have a USB version that is very simple to use. The audio in this clip is very thin and high frequency peaking. Peace
I've read the book, and Gae Eaton is an interesting writer. However, I would recommend a superior book for Sunni Muslims, 'The Principles of State and Government in Islam' by Muhammad Asad. This book brings evidence from the Qur'aan and Sunnah and shows how the general principles can be applied to a modern state.
"No exterior pressure is required to make this binding effective ..." ? This is one of *many* horrendous lies. If that statement was indeed the case, there would not be lashes for infractions or capital punishment for those who wants to leave the religion of the false prophet.
We Muslims dont go or listen other people's religion lectures and insult them. We never insult Jesus ser, Moses, Budda or Hindu god. We mind our business. Please mind your business.
@@CmonNowTellme I insulted no one. I just tell you the Truth hoping for you that the Truth can bring you closer to GOD. If this makes you uncomfortable, you have to examine your ways and examine your own heart to see if you are on the path to GOD's Truth, the one which leads to eternal life ... - reference *John 14:6*
Reflecting on theocratic vs theocentric, perhaps the most important quality of government should be good governance. The state must be freed from continually making wholesale changes in legislation, causing social and economic uncertainty and turmoil. Instead, it should focus on providing good governance according to the laws laid down by the Creator, in the main. Of course, the Creator expects us to devise solutions to problems we encounter, but these are incremental advances and not vast pendulum swings. Good video, Paul!
Assalamualaikum wa rahmatullah. Mashallah bro Paul. I have one request brother, next video on your life and how you came to Islam. Please accept my request from your subscriber and importantly from your brother. Please comment back when you see this.
Wa alaykumu s-salam thanks for your comment. Blogging Theology is not about my beliefs and religion but about the Abrahamic faiths, so it's not the place really.
@@BloggingTheology You've spoken about this subject before. I like the way you situated your own path to Islam within the broad base of comparative religion. I think it resonates with many reverts to Islam - the startling gaps and errors posing as "religion" are immediately highlighted in the strong, pure light shining from the Preserved Tablet.
Come to Malaysia to study about our Yang Dipertuan Agong, the Head of Religion of Islam also our The Head of Malaysia. His Majesty is regulated among 9 Malay Rulers.
There is no system that is not under God's rule, there is no society that is not under God's reign, there is no Muslim country that does not follow God given laws. Such is the rule of Islamic Ummah and it will not change In Shaa Allah. Love from Bangladesh 🇧🇩
ASALAMUALIKUM. IN ISLAM EVERYTHING REVOLVES AROUND THE CENTER AND THE CENTER IS GOD..ALLLAAAH..THE RULER OF THAT PARTICULAR TIME IS JUST PERIPHERAL..WITH STRONG ARM TO PROTECT THE ISLAMIC SOCIETY....THEOCENTRIC... WOW WHAT AN HONEST..CONFESSION BY THE AUTHOR..WELL ANALYSED AND WELL PRESENTED AS USUAL BY..YOU..MR PAUL WILLIAMS.. PEACE ON TO YOU AND ALL BELIEVERS...
Political Islam Agh!!! A lot to be desired here. (Apart from the rule of the four rightly guided caliphs) Oversimplified analysis, will do for western audience.
Islamic governance under most of the earlier islamic rulers were theocentric and that is mostly why Islam spread across the world.. Not because of sword as most people think..
I always wondered what would the islamic governance/ruling could be explain since i know from reading it that it wasn't theocratic and orientalist when describing the ruling of the rashidun caliphate seems to be on a impression that it is unusually egalitarian (compared to other nations) at the time, well now i know its theocentric and really cannot be simplified by putting it in a political spectrum or ideology or compass
Islamic rule started a theocracy but it is no longer that way since the prophet PBUH departed ! He established a system called Mubaia'a after appointing the Caliphs, an early form of election where one must gains support from people pledging allegiance. The ruling starting from Abu-Bakr is under influence of Shura (consultation) rather than divine inspiration! thus the guidance instead shifted to evidentiary facts from Qur'an & Sunnah (A COMPLETE CONSTITUTIONAL RULE).
That ulama is theocentric rather than theocratic sounds good but the problem is not on the revelation or scriptures itself but rather who should interpret and enforce them. What legitimacy do the institution or person has to interpret and declare rulings as islamic or bidaah. There seems to be to mechanism to determind this in islam, thus violence always happens when different ulamas backed by certain rivaling political powers are disagreeing with one another. Despite of its claims for spiritual purity, in practice islam is often instrumentalized for political purposes just as every kind of ideology in the world.
2:34 _"...in Theocratic, there would be a need of semi divine ruler, the representative of God on earth, and the interpreter of His Will."_ that is how it actually was in the time where Prophet Muhammad was still alive. for at the very least all muslims would accept that the Prophet *is* the interpreter of God's will. so the Western world's view of muslim society is not entirely incorrect. though not entirely correct either as well. it depends on what era we're talking about.
You dont seem to understand how islamic law functions. The ulama works in a group (majlis) to formulate islamic rules or rulings concerning certain topics. Thus there is something called "ijthihad" or "concensus". Of course this will be reached through fiqh process of interpretation by comparing different rulings of previous ulamas, as well as by comparing them to the jurisprudence of the salaf. And then the ulama will bring their set of fatwas foe the goverment to implement. Thus islam is not theocratic or theocentric, but ulama centric.
You didn't get what he said, semi-gods are in theocracy NOT in theocentric society, we have multiple occasions where caliphs were corrected by usual people, it is authentically narrated, which means they are human and made errors, it is a proof for us not to take rulers as saints. What you may mean is that Muslim majority countries are ruled by monarchs, and people obey them even if rulers are mischievous, which is obviously different topic, what Paul is discussion how it is should be done in theory, not what is going on in reality.
If we talk about current scenario, the only muslim ruler or government which is fullfilling the criteria of having strong right hand and protecting people from enemies with ofcourse using sharia law is Islamic emirate of Afghanistan
Im talking about only millitary capabilities, specific job for ruler mentioned in the book, however in other fields, it does need change and improvement like economy, healthcare, education etc
Super difficult, if you don't have strong economy it'll collapse. Since tax revenue from the people wouldn't be enough, it needs to be covered through trade (exports). Well my opinion atleast
Theocentric, not theocratic. Paul has hit the nail on its head. Strictly speaking, a theocratic society can never be established without a restart of a direct revelation from God again. The entire Fiqah literature and rulings, however much derived from the Quran and Sunnah, were nothing but historically man made. Then whence a theocracy can cometh? Theocracy is simply impossible. The ruler's jurisdiction need to be curbed as much as possible so that individuals can have more exercise on how they relate to God and how those relationships are reflected in societal activities. Neither secularism nor theocracy, but a theocentric society with minimum government. This opinion of mine comes from years of pondering over the Quran that has led me to become which can be closely described as a "libertine" Muslim. Paul is doing a great service by picking up gems and bringing to the limelight. May Allah reward him for his efforts.
Yes, I absolutely agree that Islamic Society ia Theocratic (God-centered) society. It's difference with demokratic consept and Human right based that human-centered and Atheist system'...
In Islamic society, true sovereignty resides neither with a ruler nor with the government nor in a statistical majority, it belongs to God alone, but it is in certain senses it is delegated to his rightly guided community with laws that are inherited in our nature. The function of the ruler (or 'government' as such) within this system is strictly limited. Islamic society is theocentric rather than theocratic. Were it the latter, there would be a need for a semi-divine ruler, the representative of God on earth and the interpreter of His will; but in the context of a theocentric society, the ruler occupies a peripheral rather than a central role. Hence, Islamic society as a whole makes the decision with consideration of Islamic law instead of an autocratic ruler, as with the case of monarchy or in broad consideration democracy, where a majority delegates power to a bunch of legislators. (p.163, Gai Eaton)
@@srnp0007 You are right bro, but at least one should try. If Allah SWT has ordered us to follow his rules, then what must, we don't have any other option.
Hello, I'll be sharply blunt and flat. I Music Theory what,s between sharp and flat is called Pure (?) i think, it is Clean. In Wrestling like BJJ i have understood "Missionary Position" is preferred, not only useful. I've been submitted, to the ground many times by Sunnies (and Christians, God knows my Mom and Dad) until i nearly Died. And feel on my skin how it is much better to live a life of Guided Meditation and Prayer. However I weep metaphorically and Technically for living under people whom want Earth to Burn. They claim to want to help, but God knows as he swear by The Age (العصر). I am here in Norway through Saudi Arabia. Both are trying to kill and skill me up, while I want Peace :(
Muslim particularly those who know the faith and understand the QURAN in deep these group which us quite large they do not pay too much attention in wealth - Power etc etc in this life on earth . An well educated muslim will pay attention on good deeds on earth - honesty - righteosness - etc etc because HE OR SHE is focussing more on the eternal life after death . Thus can clarify also why muslim countries are different than other countries because we Muslim believe this Dunya will end any time soon .
Paul, in true English tradition (praiseworthy) I have noticed how you view the good side and the bad (contradictions) about Christianity and Islam, trying to give a 'neutral' opinion. I respect your opinion, not that we can always be right. I am a Muslim and I am confused about Islamic history (Shia-Sunni quarrel). I have noticed how prophet's descendants supported the Shia sect and how the Sunnis sowed distance between them. Moreover the Shia were instrumental in making the Islamic golden age, but it was the Sunnis who terminated the trend on the false pretext of fundamentalist instigation of Sunni named Ibn Hanbal who claimed the Quran had all the knowledge and scientific investigation is not needed although the prophet instructed Muslims to go to distant China to gather knowledge. In effect the Shia correctly initiated the tradition of Mu'tazila (question everything, in line with prophet's teaching) opposed by Sunnis, as a result the Muslims still are a laughing stock. Would you kindly do research on this discord and give your viewers a neutral thesis, please.
It ies the origin of Islam but if we look in thafseer we see Lailah IllaAllah=worship Allah not other one it's Bigg Falts and U see Quraan Teach Allah is Ganyyun anil Aalameen=Allah is Free of wants atall,so Ebadath =is the Savings or Sarvice 4 the Glob and it's Creaters the worship=5 prayers and Zakath,Fasting..so. 2 purifying the men's then his Dutey is 2 Purifying the Earth and Call or Leade them from Darkness 2 the Light,it was the Fundamentals of Islam,may Allah Guid Humanity 😂 so We can Sucsess in Both World.والله أعلم وهو الهادئ الى س اء السبيل،شكرا جزيلا للأخ العزيز
"Theocratic vs theocentric" I love that, the world is made from idea's, and for far too long it has been defined by a preset of narrow definitions. New realities require new definitions and understandings, Islamic world and Muslim societies are entering a new phase where they feel sufficiently confident and comfortable with their identities, this new reality requires new definitions, rather than regurgitating old one's.
Avoid the western approach on Islam . If you want to be a practicing muslim, trust Allah, fear Him, and detach yourself from western reasoning , lifestyle, western point of views on Islam can bring doubts and confusion - specially on reverted muslims. Read and study Quran, Sunnah, perform at least the 5 prayers daily, make saddaqa, learn and repeat daily dikhrs and adhkar. You have a lot to learn from the original sources, do not loose yourself in non muslims analysis and books. It does not matter, they never say something accurate, just shallow impressions. And just as a reminder politicians and leaders are not the best reflection of Islam in islamic countries nowadays.
@@johnbrzykcy3076 reading these books is not the best way to learn and understand Islam and islamic societies, since they are not able to understand it deeply because they see Islam and islamic societies according to their own perspective and culture. It ends on a poor view. Nothing compares to Islam , no one society compares to islamic society. Islam is unique.
@@h.f3544 Thanks for your clarification. I agree with you that "Islam is unique." I'm a Christian believer so I also think Christianity is unique. But it all depends on how we define the word "unique" and how we perceive things. As you said, "they see Islam and Islamic societies according to their own perspective and culture." I agree with that 100%
If human follow the rule of the Law by constitutional binding and by his own nature, these the idea all the traveled book explained ? I believe..There is no point of talking religion, theocracy or theocratic concepts anywhere, Whether in eastern society or in west society
Men lord over others to their detriment and to their hurt. - Reference *Ecclesiastes 8:9* . Only GOD's heavenly kingdom will be truly theocratic, and its divine ruler is Christ. - Reference *Revelation 21*
Theo-centric... interesting... I must disagree. Still in the most part of Islamic history was top-down. Even in the time of the first 4 kaliph they're highly regarded equivalent to sainthood. Also, many of the sultans in the middle east were the descendant of prophet Muhammad pbuh. Monarchy is the majority system in Islamic empire. Of course one difference to the west is the ulamas have more autonomy in relationship with the rulers, and there's not much of centralistic jurisprudence or more toward localize jurisdiction. Well, it's not as theocratic as in the west or east where the monarchs was the direct representative of God, or even becomes one themselves (in the east), nevertheless it's still Islamic monarchical.
You need to address a number of assumptions here: 1. Islam does not prescribe a set system of governance - Quran & Sunnah provide guidelines to be followed: importance of consultation & majority opinion. This can br interpreted as basis of constitutional government. Empire & sultanates rose & fell. That does not make monarchy a preferred system of government. 2. Some kings (Safavids in Iran, e.g.) claimed descent from Prophet (s.a.w.) but that hardly makes it a preferred norm at all. 3. There is no Church in Islam & therefore role of ulema has traditionally been certainly different from the priesthood in Christian West. But that does not insinuate a certain set pattern or heirarchy involving Ulema in Muslim societies. Many viziers & even some sultans were from ulema, for sure, but that does not make for a theocratic govt. All the above disproves a supposed 'Islamic monarchial' as a valid tetm.
@@m.zahidiftikhar6818 alright I'm not going to argue about the definition of Islamic monarchy. My point is... as a Muslim this is very common in the modern time that the word monarchy seen as negative. This what I've heard & learn through the ulamas/scholars when they talk about history. To the point that we as modern Muslim has heen influenced by the western way of governance. I think the point no. 1, 2, & 3 not in conflict with my previous comment. So yes it doesn't have to be monarchy, but historically that's the fact... and was monarchy that bad?
*Is Islamic society theocratic?* This is one of the Most Important questions, of which, every Muslim must have a right answer. Short answer is: *Absolutely not.* The sole one True Path of one God Islam is not a Madhab=Theocracy but is DEEN=Divinely Prescribed way of life (3:19, 3:85). Quran is NOT a book of Theocracy but Book of Divine Sociology 2:177. This is why: Quran has blasted all kind of Namaz Rituals and worship in verse 2:177, by saying: It is not a good deed that you turn your face to Qibla (Mecca) for Rituals but GOOD DEED is: to be a Muslim 4:136; follow Divine law 6:114 *and live as a Righteous Philanthropist 2:177.* Deen Islam existed before year 722 CE. But during Abbasid era (750-1258 CE), our sectarian Imams hijacked Deen Islam; invented millions of fake reports of hadiths, Sunnah and Tafsirs; and in this way: they converted Deen Islam into that Counterfeited Religion which Shia and Sunni sects follow blindly from past 1200 years. Please note: Quranic salat has no any relation with daily Five Zoro Namaz Rituals which Persian Pseudo Imams blended in Islam through forgery of hadith of Flying Horse - Buraq. *God says in Quran that his Quran explains everything which is part of Deen Islam 12:111, 16:89, **17:12**. So if Salat was any kind of Ritual or worship; Quran could have told us all detail of that Rituals but none is there. Even we do not find in Quran numbers of Rakat of every Five Rituals. Prophet and four Caliphs did not leave behind any extra-Quranic manuscript. So concerning Five Rituals; references from extra-Quranic books are not acceptable.* Quran tells in many verses that God is OMNIPRESENT 50:16, 2:115, 57:4. Which means: God is everywhere, and is not confined to any specific direction and or City of Saudi Arabia. Our Sectarian translators translate Quranic word "Ibadat, Ya'boDoon" as Worship, and this is wrong translation. Word Ibadat has other connotations like Abd, Abeed, Abd-Allah=Servant of God. So meaning of Ibadat is to obey laws of God. A Servant never worships his Master but obeys his orders. Word worship is relevant to Idol worship* In Quran, even meaning of Sajadah is not to place forehead on ground toward Kaaba but its meaning are HUMBLE TO DIVINE LAW as is told in 55:6, 22:18 that even Stars and Mountains do Sajadah=Humble to Divine law. Have you ever seen any Star or Mountain entering in any Mosque to pray Rituals! No. Finally: from Adam to Prophet Mohammad, God has named all true believers ONLY Muslim (Quran 22:78)' not Sunni and Shia. Quran in fact tells in 6:159 that Sect followers are not Muslims and Hell is waiting for them 3:105, 3:103
@@mikhan5191 Your answer is not to the point. In whole Quran, nowhere word "Sunnah of Rasool" appears. This term Sunnah was invented by Sunni and Shia sect. Besides; neither Rasool nor 4 caliphs left behind any manuscript of Sunnah or Hadiths. So where did you bring that SO CALLED Sunnah and Hadiths from? FOR SURE, that Sunnah and Hadiths are Forged by you Sectarians. Allah tells in 18:110 that Rasool is mere a mortal man like all Men. In verse 72:21, it is said that Rasool cannot guide anyone toward RIGHT PATH. In verse 2:272, God tells Rasool: IT IS NOT YOUR JOB TO GUIDE PEOPLE. Now question is: that a Man who cannot guide people to Right Path; how could he guide you sectarians through his SO called Sunnah and Hadiths which he never left behind' even not a single page? *Rationally; there is no any sense or any weight in your Argument. You sectarians cannot debate Rationally because a Liar cannot have a Rational Debate. So only one way is left with you Guys and that is: O YOU DENY SUNNAH, O YOU DENY HADITH. But that all Sunnah and Hadiths are your Forgeries, This is why: we reject all Forgeries.* Rasool left only Quran. So Islam=Quran. FULL Stop. What is not in Quran is NOT part of Islam
According Quran 5:44, Followers of that Forged Sunnah and Hadiths are Ka'firs وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْكَـٰفِرُونَ God tells in 6:114, 10:15, 6:19 to Rasool: follow no Book but only Quran
Quran makes Crystal Clear that Role of Rasool was *MERE AN AGENCY* of Allah. And Job assigned to Rasool by Allah was *no more than* to deliver Quran clearly. This is the Reason: Rasool left behind only written Quran; nothing else 6:107, 29:18, 5:92, 5:99, 3:20, 24:54, 42:6, 42:48, 64:12, 16:64, 2:213, 39:41, 18:110, 28:56, 72:21, 2:272, 27:92, 50:45. 12:111, 16:89, 17:12, 6:114, 10:15, 6:19, 13:40, 3:80, 75:19* Quran 42:48 فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا۟ فَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَـٰكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظًا إِنْ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا ٱلْبَلَـٰغُ God tells Rasool: We have not sent thee to be their keeper: thou art not bound to do more than deliver the message [entrusted to thee] Quran 2:272 God tells Rasool: لَّيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَىٰهُمْ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ It is not for you [Prophet] to guide them; it is God who guides whoever He will. Quran 72:21 قُلْ إِنِّى لَآ أَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ ضَرًّا وَلَا رَشَدًا God tells Rasool: Say, “It is not in my power to harm you, nor to guide you toward Right Path" In this verse, word RASHADA is connotation of word Murshid=Who Guides, which is used in verse 18:10
I wonder if Gai Eaton thought Islamic states should execute apostates. As for his claim that an Islamic society, there isn't a middle man between man and God and it is therefore a theocracy; that seems to be exactly what Muhammad was. Its middle men may not be living, but they are there and a constant feature.
Paul you look in the best health and spirits I've seen you in yet, masha'Allah, keep up the good brother, and thanks for this upload it is a very important subject that you have covered.
Excellent analysis and excellent video production. We must stop being brain washed into thinking the only appropriate system is modern day secular liberalism. They have not proven secular liberalism to be true or more superior than the religious paradigm. In fact, the religious paradigm has more philosophical grounding, explanatory power and facilitates more overall societal well being.
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Your right but , feel free to go live in any present day so called muslim country and you'll see that in today's world the only places one can freely practice religion without someone getting you how to pray, what to say, and not to mention where you would have a shot at a decent life without being taken advantage of by a rich family and cronies is all in "the west"
These so called muslim countries are not Islamic
@@fvbernal622Yeah coz they don't have Islamic Shariah.
@@srnp0007 all of them. None of them fully follow shariah, none of them have a caliphate system, they have corrupt leaders that are just told to do by secular powers
Excellent new camera!
I think so too!
The books also look more disciplined
Amazing camera, thank you uncle Paul for everything you have shared with us!
Thanks for watching!
Mr. Paul, may ALLAH bless you, your knowledge and your work
The entire book is essential reading. I first read it as a 21 year old student.
Still refer to it every now and then
Such a pleasure to revisit the book once again on your channel!
If you like Quran recitation with visualizations check out our channel
Salaam Paul,
I have got that book. Gai Eaton was an amazing writer and thinker. Rahima Laah.
Paul, your camera quality is really good now.
thanks!
Always new knowledge from Br Paul, keep up to educate people brother
Thank you a lot for all your good sharings! May Allah bless you with infinitely good things Aamiiine ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
جزاك الله خيرا
Brilliant stuff, need to get this book
Hey Paul... I had to look up the different definitions of "theocratic" and "theocentric." Thanks for the opportunity to learn.
If you like Quran recitation with visualizations check out our channel
@@heartofguidance4603 Okay. To be truthfully honest, I am not Muslim. I am a Christian believer but I try to respect Islamic believers. Peace
Thank you sir very interesting
Much respect and love for brother #Paul for the struggle . May Allah bless you. Amen
That is an facinating analysis , it break down what we can't see or understand about islam when it came to the effec of islam on large scale and how islam manage to put a foundation to be applied at large sacle in order to avoid many sophisticated issues that we deal with it nowaday , and to develop truly balanced and intergated commuinty that don't struggle or fight about the basic or foundation thing that shouldn't fight about .
Love you sir❤️
Thnx Paul , the book seems good to read 🌺
Hi Paul
First of all, nice to see you are safe back home.
Secondly, l would like to say that Gai Eaton and the other similiar Western scholars in this respect may adress to me and, l think, to other millions of none-western muslims like me who were brought up and educated by the institutions that had been designed in accordance with the eurocentric vision. (There are many other reasons as well but here is not the place to touch on). Unfortunately this is a reality whether we like or not and it will take time to be aware of this fact and then to initate the corrective steps in the right direction.
For the time being then, Paul pls go ahead and your contributions are great value of.
❤️🙏
Brilliant work
You know what you hitted 100 000 subscribers
The sermon of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq upon his assumption of the caliphate(11 Hijri) 📜
When the people pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr in As-Saqeefah, the next day, Abu Bakr stood on the pulpit, praised Allaah and said:
"O people I have been appointed over you, though I am not the best among you. If I do good, then help me; and if I act wrongly, then correct me. Truthfulness is a trust and lying is treachery. The weak among you is to me strong until I return to him what is rightfully his, Allaah willing, and the strong among you is to me weak until I take from him the rights of others, Allaah willing …. When people abandon Jihaad in the path of Allaah, Allaah humiliates them, and when fornication spreads among the people, Allaah spreads disease among them. Obey me as long as I obey Allaah and His Messenger. And if I disobey Allaah and His Messenger, then I have no right to your obedience. Stand up now to pray, Allaah have mercy on you.'"
You must read our page "True History of Hadith and Sunnah"
Subscribed on 1st Dhu al Qa'dah 1444 (Hijri), 22 May 2023 at 5:52 pm (Indian Standard Time).
Amazing stuff you have covered for us Paul.
Revisiting Istanbul old and new and all.its angles.Elif Shafak and Orman novels helps this too.
Other than that Allah has surely blessed this space and it's people over time .
Amazing video Mr Paul I Remember Meeting You Back In 1989
❤️👍
@@BloggingTheology love your work. New camera is good, but please get a better microphone. Maybe a desktop rode mic. It can be out of shot but facing up to you. They have a USB version that is very simple to use. The audio in this clip is very thin and high frequency peaking. Peace
@@p8pillon 👍
I've read the book, and Gae Eaton is an interesting writer. However, I would recommend a superior book for Sunni Muslims, 'The Principles of State and Government in Islam' by Muhammad Asad. This book brings evidence from the Qur'aan and Sunnah and shows how the general principles can be applied to a modern state.
An elegant explanation of Tawheed. Puzzling me how this man could be a perennialist?
"No exterior pressure is required to make this binding effective ..." ? This is one of *many* horrendous lies. If that statement was indeed the case, there would not be lashes for infractions or capital punishment for those who wants to leave the religion of the false prophet.
We Muslims dont go or listen other people's religion lectures and insult them. We never insult Jesus ser, Moses, Budda or Hindu god. We mind our business. Please mind your business.
@@CmonNowTellme I insulted no one. I just tell you the Truth hoping for you that the Truth can bring you closer to GOD.
If this makes you uncomfortable, you have to examine your ways and examine your own heart to see if you are on the path to GOD's Truth, the one which leads to eternal life ... - reference *John 14:6*
Reflecting on theocratic vs theocentric, perhaps the most important quality of government should be good governance. The state must be freed from continually making wholesale changes in legislation, causing social and economic uncertainty and turmoil. Instead, it should focus on providing good governance according to the laws laid down by the Creator, in the main. Of course, the Creator expects us to devise solutions to problems we encounter, but these are incremental advances and not vast pendulum swings. Good video, Paul!
Islam is knowledge based.The more you know about it,the more you’ll love it.The less you know about it,the more you will dwindle
- Mufti Menk
Excellent clarification
Glad it was helpful!
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Paul's face shining with faith, mashallah.
Guidance comes from Allah, ask Him for guidance. No other books can give you guidance and knowledge on Islam , except Quran and Sunnah.
Assalamualaikum wa rahmatullah. Mashallah bro Paul. I have one request brother, next video on your life and how you came to Islam. Please accept my request from your subscriber and importantly from your brother. Please comment back when you see this.
Wa alaykumu s-salam thanks for your comment. Blogging Theology is not about my beliefs and religion but about the Abrahamic faiths, so it's not the place really.
@@BloggingTheology You've spoken about this subject before. I like the way you situated your own path to Islam within the broad base of comparative religion. I think it resonates with many reverts to Islam - the startling gaps and errors posing as "religion" are immediately highlighted in the strong, pure light shining from the Preserved Tablet.
Jazakum Allah Khairan
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Come to Malaysia to study about our Yang Dipertuan Agong, the Head of Religion of Islam also our The Head of Malaysia. His Majesty is regulated among 9 Malay Rulers.
There is no system that is not under God's rule, there is no society that is not under God's reign, there is no Muslim country that does not follow God given laws. Such is the rule of Islamic Ummah and it will not change In Shaa Allah. Love from Bangladesh 🇧🇩
Excellent and amazing scholar Maşa Allah ❤❤
ASALAMUALIKUM. IN ISLAM EVERYTHING REVOLVES AROUND THE CENTER AND THE CENTER IS
GOD..ALLLAAAH..THE RULER OF THAT PARTICULAR TIME IS JUST
PERIPHERAL..WITH STRONG ARM
TO PROTECT THE ISLAMIC SOCIETY....THEOCENTRIC...
WOW WHAT AN HONEST..CONFESSION BY THE AUTHOR..WELL ANALYSED AND WELL PRESENTED AS USUAL BY..YOU..MR PAUL WILLIAMS..
PEACE ON TO YOU AND ALL BELIEVERS...
I would like to add another choice viz theodemocratic , a democracy with basic divine foundation.
Can you give basic info, who wrote it, how you ground it
ماشاء الله تبارك الله
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Political Islam Agh!!! A lot to be desired here.
(Apart from the rule of the four rightly guided caliphs)
Oversimplified analysis, will do for western audience.
Islamic governance under most of the earlier islamic rulers were theocentric and that is mostly why Islam spread across the world.. Not because of sword as most people think..
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I always wondered what would the islamic governance/ruling could be explain since i know from reading it that it wasn't theocratic and orientalist when describing the ruling of the rashidun caliphate seems to be on a impression that it is unusually egalitarian (compared to other nations) at the time, well now i know its theocentric and really cannot be simplified by putting it in a political spectrum or ideology or compass
Have you read the books of sayd qutb ?
In islamic government LAWS of GOD CANNOT BE CHANGE!
Islamic rule started a theocracy but it is no longer that way since the prophet PBUH departed !
He established a system called Mubaia'a after appointing the Caliphs, an early form of election where one must gains support from people pledging allegiance.
The ruling starting from Abu-Bakr is under influence of Shura (consultation) rather than divine inspiration!
thus the guidance instead shifted to evidentiary facts from Qur'an & Sunnah (A COMPLETE CONSTITUTIONAL RULE).
That ulama is theocentric rather than theocratic sounds good but the problem is not on the revelation or scriptures itself but rather who should interpret and enforce them. What legitimacy do the institution or person has to interpret and declare rulings as islamic or bidaah. There seems to be to mechanism to determind this in islam, thus violence always happens when different ulamas backed by certain rivaling political powers are disagreeing with one another. Despite of its claims for spiritual purity, in practice islam is often instrumentalized for political purposes just as every kind of ideology in the world.
Can u make a video on the timeline of religion??
mansha ALLAH
2:34 _"...in Theocratic, there would be a need of semi divine ruler, the representative of God on earth, and the interpreter of His Will."_
that is how it actually was in the time where Prophet Muhammad was still alive. for at the very least all muslims would accept that the Prophet *is* the interpreter of God's will.
so the Western world's view of muslim society is not entirely incorrect. though not entirely correct either as well. it depends on what era we're talking about.
You dont seem to understand how islamic law functions. The ulama works in a group (majlis) to formulate islamic rules or rulings concerning certain topics. Thus there is something called "ijthihad" or "concensus". Of course this will be reached through fiqh process of interpretation by comparing different rulings of previous ulamas, as well as by comparing them to the jurisprudence of the salaf. And then the ulama will bring their set of fatwas foe the goverment to implement. Thus islam is not theocratic or theocentric, but ulama centric.
You didn't get what he said, semi-gods are in theocracy NOT in theocentric society, we have multiple occasions where caliphs were corrected by usual people, it is authentically narrated, which means they are human and made errors, it is a proof for us not to take rulers as saints.
What you may mean is that Muslim majority countries are ruled by monarchs, and people obey them even if rulers are mischievous, which is obviously different topic, what Paul is discussion how it is should be done in theory, not what is going on in reality.
In western society Billionaire corporates are gods, people can't go against them.
Nomocracy can also be used
If we talk about current scenario, the only muslim ruler or government which is fullfilling the criteria of having strong right hand and protecting people from enemies with ofcourse using sharia law is Islamic emirate of Afghanistan
I don't think so... 😔
Close but not cigar, it's too bumpy
Im talking about only millitary capabilities, specific job for ruler mentioned in the book, however in other fields, it does need change and improvement like economy, healthcare, education etc
@@EmirateOfHind that makes sense
The book :
ISLAM AND THE DESTINY OF MAN, by Gai Eaton,
Get it, read it, interesting read.
It is very easy to rule islamic state.
Nope, it's not.
Super difficult, if you don't have strong economy it'll collapse. Since tax revenue from the people wouldn't be enough, it needs to be covered through trade (exports). Well my opinion atleast
Theocentric, not theocratic. Paul has hit the nail on its head. Strictly speaking, a theocratic society can never be established without a restart of a direct revelation from God again. The entire Fiqah literature and rulings, however much derived from the Quran and Sunnah, were nothing but historically man made. Then whence a theocracy can cometh? Theocracy is simply impossible. The ruler's jurisdiction need to be curbed as much as possible so that individuals can have more exercise on how they relate to God and how those relationships are reflected in societal activities. Neither secularism nor theocracy, but a theocentric society with minimum government. This opinion of mine comes from years of pondering over the Quran that has led me to become which can be closely described as a "libertine" Muslim. Paul is doing a great service by picking up gems and bringing to the limelight. May Allah reward him for his efforts.
Yes, I absolutely agree that Islamic Society ia Theocratic (God-centered) society. It's difference with demokratic consept and Human right based that human-centered and Atheist system'...
Jakarta🙏🙏🙏
In Islamic society, true sovereignty resides neither with a ruler nor with the government nor in a statistical majority, it belongs to God alone, but it is in certain senses it is delegated to his rightly guided community with laws that are inherited in our nature. The function of the ruler (or 'government' as such) within this system is strictly limited. Islamic society is theocentric rather than theocratic. Were it the latter, there would be a need for a semi-divine ruler, the representative of God on earth and the interpreter of His will; but in the context of a theocentric society, the ruler occupies a peripheral rather than a central role. Hence, Islamic society as a whole makes the decision with consideration of Islamic law instead of an autocratic ruler, as with the case of monarchy or in broad consideration democracy, where a majority delegates power to a bunch of legislators. (p.163, Gai Eaton)
@@srnp0007
Means??
@@srnp0007
You are right bro, but at least one should try. If Allah SWT has ordered us to follow his rules, then what must, we don't have any other option.
Hello, I'll be sharply blunt and flat. I Music Theory what,s between sharp and flat is called Pure (?) i think, it is Clean. In Wrestling like BJJ i have understood "Missionary Position" is preferred, not only useful.
I've been submitted, to the ground many times by Sunnies (and Christians, God knows my Mom and Dad) until i nearly Died. And feel on my skin how it is much better to live a life of Guided Meditation and Prayer. However I weep metaphorically and Technically for living under people whom want Earth to Burn.
They claim to want to help, but God knows as he swear by The Age (العصر). I am here in Norway through Saudi Arabia. Both are trying to kill and skill me up, while I want Peace :(
Yes
I'm Najis currently recently so I can not comment from Shia Perspective . Nice Right Arm 😎
I showered 😇❤😁👊👍
Muslim particularly those who know the faith and understand the QURAN in deep these group which us quite large they do not pay too much attention in wealth -
Power etc etc in this life on earth .
An well educated muslim will pay attention on good deeds on earth - honesty - righteosness - etc etc because HE OR SHE is focussing more on the eternal life after death .
Thus can clarify also why muslim countries are different than other countries because we Muslim believe this Dunya will end any time soon .
Paul, in true English tradition (praiseworthy) I have noticed how you view the good side and the bad (contradictions) about Christianity and Islam, trying to give a 'neutral' opinion. I respect your opinion, not that we can always be right.
I am a Muslim and I am confused about Islamic history (Shia-Sunni quarrel). I have noticed how prophet's descendants supported the Shia sect and how the Sunnis sowed distance between them. Moreover the Shia were instrumental in making the Islamic golden age, but it was the Sunnis who terminated the trend on the false pretext of fundamentalist instigation of Sunni named Ibn Hanbal who claimed the Quran had all the knowledge and scientific investigation is not needed although the prophet instructed Muslims to go to distant China to gather knowledge. In effect the Shia correctly initiated the tradition of Mu'tazila (question everything, in line with prophet's teaching) opposed by Sunnis, as a result the Muslims still are a laughing stock. Would you kindly do research on this discord and give your viewers a neutral thesis, please.
Watch all ur videos to gain watever little knowledge I can Thanku !!!
All credit is due to the Lord of the Worlds.
It ies the origin of Islam but if we look in thafseer we see Lailah IllaAllah=worship Allah not other one it's Bigg Falts and U see Quraan Teach Allah is Ganyyun anil Aalameen=Allah is Free of wants atall,so Ebadath =is the Savings or Sarvice 4 the Glob and it's Creaters the worship=5 prayers and Zakath,Fasting..so. 2 purifying the men's then his Dutey is 2 Purifying the Earth and Call or Leade them from Darkness 2 the Light,it was the Fundamentals of Islam,may Allah Guid Humanity 😂 so We can Sucsess in Both World.والله أعلم وهو الهادئ الى س اء السبيل،شكرا جزيلا للأخ العزيز
"Theocratic vs theocentric"
I love that, the world is made from idea's, and for far too long it has been defined by a preset of narrow definitions.
New realities require new definitions and understandings, Islamic world and Muslim societies are entering a new phase where they feel sufficiently confident and comfortable with their identities, this new reality requires new definitions, rather than regurgitating old one's.
Avoid the western approach on Islam . If you want to be a practicing muslim, trust Allah, fear Him, and detach yourself from western reasoning , lifestyle, western point of views on Islam can bring doubts and confusion - specially on reverted muslims. Read and study Quran, Sunnah, perform at least the 5 prayers daily, make saddaqa, learn and repeat daily dikhrs and adhkar. You have a lot to learn from the original sources, do not loose yourself in non muslims analysis and books. It does not matter, they never say something accurate, just shallow impressions. And just as a reminder politicians and leaders are not the best reflection of Islam in islamic countries nowadays.
Why do you think that we who live in the West "never say something accurate, just shallow impressions"?
@@johnbrzykcy3076 reading these books is not the best way to learn and understand Islam and islamic societies, since they are not able to understand it deeply because they see Islam and islamic societies according to their own perspective and culture. It ends on a poor view. Nothing compares to Islam , no one society compares to islamic society. Islam is unique.
@@h.f3544 Thanks for your clarification. I agree with you that "Islam is unique." I'm a Christian believer so I also think Christianity is unique. But it all depends on how we define the word "unique" and how we perceive things. As you said, "they see Islam and Islamic societies according to their own perspective and culture." I agree with that 100%
If human follow the rule of the Law by constitutional binding and by his own nature, these the idea all the traveled book explained ?
I believe..There is no point of talking religion, theocracy or theocratic concepts anywhere,
Whether in eastern society or in west society
"Social order"?? Bookshelf order first pls!! Give them away!! ;-)
Men lord over others to their detriment and to their hurt. - Reference *Ecclesiastes 8:9* .
Only GOD's heavenly kingdom will be truly theocratic, and its divine ruler is Christ. - Reference *Revelation 21*
Theo-centric... interesting... I must disagree. Still in the most part of Islamic history was top-down. Even in the time of the first 4 kaliph they're highly regarded equivalent to sainthood. Also, many of the sultans in the middle east were the descendant of prophet Muhammad pbuh. Monarchy is the majority system in Islamic empire. Of course one difference to the west is the ulamas have more autonomy in relationship with the rulers, and there's not much of centralistic jurisprudence or more toward localize jurisdiction.
Well, it's not as theocratic as in the west or east where the monarchs was the direct representative of God, or even becomes one themselves (in the east), nevertheless it's still Islamic monarchical.
You need to address a number of assumptions here:
1. Islam does not prescribe a set system of governance - Quran & Sunnah provide guidelines to be followed: importance of consultation & majority opinion. This can br interpreted as basis of constitutional government. Empire & sultanates rose & fell. That does not make monarchy a preferred system of government.
2. Some kings (Safavids in Iran, e.g.) claimed descent from Prophet (s.a.w.) but that hardly makes it a preferred norm at all.
3. There is no Church in Islam & therefore role of ulema has traditionally been certainly different from the priesthood in Christian West. But that does not insinuate a certain set pattern or heirarchy involving Ulema in Muslim societies. Many viziers & even some sultans were from ulema, for sure, but that does not make for a theocratic govt.
All the above disproves a supposed 'Islamic monarchial' as a valid tetm.
@@m.zahidiftikhar6818 alright I'm not going to argue about the definition of Islamic monarchy.
My point is... as a Muslim this is very common in the modern time that the word monarchy seen as negative. This what I've heard & learn through the ulamas/scholars when they talk about history.
To the point that we as modern Muslim has heen influenced by the western way of governance. I think the point no. 1, 2, & 3 not in conflict with my previous comment. So yes it doesn't have to be monarchy, but historically that's the fact... and was monarchy that bad?
@@Brata19 as long as a governance system is not in conflict with giidelines, it may be OK. Monarchy, if absolute, often violates them.
You're describing ISIS as they are the ones who actually place Allah as the only Legislator, if you think about it.
No.
Isis made their leader or imam as semi devine legislator
@@suryaadi404 how?
@@heristyono4755 just look at what theyve done so far
They follow what their leaders told them to do as if its god' command
@@suryaadi404 Because the caliph commands his people with what Allah has revealed in the Quran, unlike your leaders who rule with manmade laws.
Theological totalitarianism, no?
*Is Islamic society theocratic?* This is one of the Most Important questions, of which, every Muslim must have a right answer. Short answer is: *Absolutely not.* The sole one True Path of one God Islam is not a Madhab=Theocracy but is DEEN=Divinely Prescribed way of life (3:19, 3:85). Quran is NOT a book of Theocracy but Book of Divine Sociology 2:177. This is why: Quran has blasted all kind of Namaz Rituals and worship in verse 2:177, by saying: It is not a good deed that you turn your face to Qibla (Mecca) for Rituals but GOOD DEED is: to be a Muslim 4:136; follow Divine law 6:114 *and live as a Righteous Philanthropist 2:177.*
Deen Islam existed before year 722 CE. But during Abbasid era (750-1258 CE), our sectarian Imams hijacked Deen Islam; invented millions of fake reports of hadiths, Sunnah and Tafsirs; and in this way: they converted Deen Islam into that Counterfeited Religion which Shia and Sunni sects follow blindly from past 1200 years.
Please note: Quranic salat has no any relation with daily Five Zoro Namaz Rituals which Persian Pseudo Imams blended in Islam through forgery of hadith of Flying Horse - Buraq. *God says in Quran that his Quran explains everything which is part of Deen Islam 12:111, 16:89, **17:12**. So if Salat was any kind of Ritual or worship; Quran could have told us all detail of that Rituals but none is there. Even we do not find in Quran numbers of Rakat of every Five Rituals. Prophet and four Caliphs did not leave behind any extra-Quranic manuscript. So concerning Five Rituals; references from extra-Quranic books are not acceptable.*
Quran tells in many verses that God is OMNIPRESENT 50:16, 2:115, 57:4. Which means: God is everywhere, and is not confined to any specific direction and or City of Saudi Arabia. Our Sectarian translators translate Quranic word "Ibadat, Ya'boDoon" as Worship, and this is wrong translation. Word Ibadat has other connotations like Abd, Abeed, Abd-Allah=Servant of God. So meaning of Ibadat is to obey laws of God. A Servant never worships his Master but obeys his orders. Word worship is relevant to Idol worship*
In Quran, even meaning of Sajadah is not to place forehead on ground toward Kaaba but its meaning are HUMBLE TO DIVINE LAW as is told in 55:6, 22:18 that even Stars and Mountains do Sajadah=Humble to Divine law. Have you ever seen any Star or Mountain entering in any Mosque to pray Rituals! No.
Finally: from Adam to Prophet Mohammad, God has named all true believers ONLY Muslim (Quran 22:78)' not Sunni and Shia. Quran in fact tells in 6:159 that Sect followers are not Muslims and Hell is waiting for them 3:105, 3:103
You belong to a SECT that rejects the Sunnah therefore by your own statement /judgement - you're guilty!
@@mikhan5191
Your answer is not to the point. In whole Quran, nowhere word "Sunnah of Rasool" appears. This term Sunnah was invented by Sunni and Shia sect. Besides; neither Rasool nor 4 caliphs left behind any manuscript of Sunnah or Hadiths. So where did you bring that SO CALLED Sunnah and Hadiths from? FOR SURE, that Sunnah and Hadiths are Forged by you Sectarians.
Allah tells in 18:110 that Rasool is mere a mortal man like all Men. In verse 72:21, it is said that Rasool cannot guide anyone toward RIGHT PATH. In verse 2:272, God tells Rasool: IT IS NOT YOUR JOB TO GUIDE PEOPLE. Now question is: that a Man who cannot guide people to Right Path; how could he guide you sectarians through his SO called Sunnah and Hadiths which he never left behind' even not a single page?
*Rationally; there is no any sense or any weight in your Argument. You sectarians cannot debate Rationally because a Liar cannot have a Rational Debate. So only one way is left with you Guys and that is: O YOU DENY SUNNAH, O YOU DENY HADITH. But that all Sunnah and Hadiths are your Forgeries, This is why: we reject all Forgeries.*
Rasool left only Quran. So Islam=Quran. FULL Stop. What is not in Quran is NOT part of Islam
According Quran 5:44, Followers of that Forged Sunnah and Hadiths are Ka'firs
وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْكَـٰفِرُونَ
God tells in 6:114, 10:15, 6:19 to Rasool: follow no Book but only Quran
Quran makes Crystal Clear that Role of Rasool was *MERE AN AGENCY* of Allah. And Job assigned to Rasool by Allah was *no more than* to deliver Quran clearly. This is the Reason: Rasool left behind only written Quran; nothing else 6:107, 29:18, 5:92, 5:99, 3:20, 24:54, 42:6, 42:48, 64:12, 16:64, 2:213, 39:41, 18:110, 28:56, 72:21, 2:272, 27:92, 50:45. 12:111, 16:89, 17:12, 6:114, 10:15, 6:19, 13:40, 3:80, 75:19*
Quran 42:48
فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا۟ فَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَـٰكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظًا إِنْ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا ٱلْبَلَـٰغُ
God tells Rasool: We have not sent thee to be their keeper: thou art not bound to do more than deliver the message [entrusted to thee]
Quran 2:272 God tells Rasool:
لَّيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَىٰهُمْ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ
It is not for you [Prophet] to guide them; it is God who guides whoever He will.
Quran 72:21
قُلْ إِنِّى لَآ أَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ ضَرًّا وَلَا رَشَدًا
God tells Rasool:
Say, “It is not in my power to harm you, nor to guide you toward Right Path"
In this verse, word RASHADA is connotation of word Murshid=Who Guides, which is used in verse 18:10
God has named us only Muslim in 22:78. So we are only MUSLIM. We do not belong to any Sect.
Sir Are you muslim?
Too many bla bla with you now. Be simple
I wonder if Gai Eaton thought Islamic states should execute apostates. As for his claim that an Islamic society, there isn't a middle man between man and God and it is therefore a theocracy; that seems to be exactly what Muhammad was. Its middle men may not be living, but they are there and a constant feature.
Thank you sir very interesting