Schmitt Trigger Explained (Design of Inverting and Non-inverting Schmitt Trigger using Op-Amp)
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- Опубліковано 21 лип 2024
- In this video, Schmitt trigger circuits are explained.
After watching this video you will learn what is Schmitt trigger, how Schmitt trigger works, and how it can be designed using the op-amp.
What is Schmitt Trigger?
In a simple way, it can be defined as a comparator with hysteresis.
The Schmitt trigger circuit has two threshold voltages.
1) Upper Threshold Voltage
2) Lower Threshold Voltage
The difference between the two threshold voltage is known as the hysteresis.
Because of two threshold voltages, the noise immunity of the circuit can be increased by using this Schmitt trigger.
The Schmitt trigger circuit is characterized by the hysteresis curve or the voltage transfer curve.
There are two types of Schmitt triggers:
1) Inverting Schmitt Trigger
2) Non-Inverting Schmitt Trigger
In this video, you will learn how inverting and non-inverting Schmitt triggers can be designed using the op-amp.
The expression for these inverting and non-inverting Schmitt triggers are also derived in this video.
Application of Schmitt Trigger:
1) For comparison of voltage levels
2) Analog to Digital Converters (ADC)
3) As Waveform Converter
4) Designing Multivibrator or Oscillator circuit
The timestamps for the different topics covered in the video is given below:
0:28 Limitation of the comparator circuit
2:00 What is Schmitt Trigger and how it works?
4:15 Hysteresis Curve of Inverting and Non-Inverting Schmitt Trigger
8:00 Design of Inverting Schmitt Trigger (with Derivation)
12:50 Design of Non-Inverting Schmitt Trigger (with Derivation)
18:30 Application of Schmitt Trigger
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the Schmitt trigger circuit.
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Don't watch this video if your tired. I had to go through it three times especially for the non-inverting Schmitt Trigger. Has a lot of math associated with it for such a simple device. Great video, I feel I understand it much better and now can design with it.
bro it's trivial en tabarnak juste un diviseur de potentiel pis that's it
Yeah me too had a tough time understanding it😅
You underestimate my power to study at the last minute at 4 am in the morning. I'm very tired...
@@vaishrox66 you're extrovert and lonely, how?
Same u know, I don't get it, 5 times yesterday night, just 10min today morning, I understood very clearly🥹
I wonder why this channel has 237k subscribers only!!!
He deserves much more
Love your explanation Sir❣❣❣
Yes Anik, he deserves more subscribers....
Only 1 percent engineering student watch this channel .
As a professional electronics designer with decades of deep experience.... In my eyes the video misses to explain expectable problems.
For example I woder why they use an OPAMP because not every OPAMP can do this. Some OPAMPs my burn (violating diff_V_IN), some OPAMPS may create crazy output (phase reversal). If you want saturated output it´s always the safe way to use a comparator (instead of OPAMP). There is a good reason why there are OPAMPS and COMPARATORS, they are not the same thing.
@@klaus2t703 chup hai hume samaj mai aa rha ha dimag mt laga
@@klaus2t703 Bro, I want to have knowledge like you. Do you have any suggestions on what to do? Or any YT channel that tells stuff like this?
This Man..... Is Genious !!! Thank you sir poora youtube dekha, aapke itna best kisine nahi samjhaya... watching it 2 days before exam...
He has 6Lakhs subs now
All praises to you Sir!
you saved me for my Semester
Thank You Sir for providing such a great content, we have our exams next week and your videos lectures really helped me in clearing all of my doubts for the subject, once again thanks a lot for posting such informative content
You make me understand something that my proff can't explain it for me,
Yes bro! Better electrical engineers are made from UA-cam rather than universities! 😬
Thank you for your very clear explanation sir.
Watching from Madagascar
Good method and teaching. I wish you success as lecturer and best of luck in your profession.
great content! It really helps me a lot when I am learning this stuff all by myself.
me too.this is really helpfull for self study students
Extremely clear explanation. Love it.
Is it possible to detect Reverse and Forward flow of IR using this schmitt trigger ?
Hello,
Would You explain to me, how did I get shift of transfer characteristics, for example: VH=2V, VL=-3V (not -2,5 and 2,5 as usual)? How is this possible?
I've been using Hall sensor with Schmitt trigger for multipole magnetic encoder and on the output I got signal with 1/3 duty cycle, instead of 1/2 duty cycle (poles are equal, but reverse in sign).
Does transfer characteristics shift depend on Vref? How did we get Vref - I mean once per measurement (on the every begining of each multipole encoder measurement it takes valuse dependent on first pole it measured and it is constant through whole measurement) or every time we cross VL or VH threshold? Does characteristics shift constant through whole measurement (if it is) or does it change every time we cross VL or Vh threshold? I would be very greatful for Your response!
thank you sir for giving such a clear explanation you are superb
You are a good Amplifier when it comes to simplifying
10:21 : you said Vin > V1 then output will be Vut
_Doubt_ : What when Vin < V1 ? How will be the output?
The timestamps for the different topics covered in the video is given below:
0:28 Limitation of the comparator circuit
2:00 What is Schmitt Trigger and how it works?
4:15 Hysteresis Curve of Inverting and Non-Inverting Schmitt Trigger
8:00 Design of Inverting Schmitt Trigger (with Derivation)
12:50 Design of Non-Inverting Schmitt Trigger (with Derivation)
18:30 Application of Schmitt Trigger
Please tell
Hi. I have a doubt. What determines V (high) and V (low)? Are they equal to +Vcc and -Vcc respectively?
@@abaundwal V(high) can be sometimes equal to Vcc. To be more specific, V(high) is the Saturation voltage when a positive input (V+ - V-) is given to op-amp. However, many a time, Saturation voltage may be equal to Vcc or slightly less than it.
Very helpful video, this helped me get through my finals, thanks a lot!
I come back here whenever I find trouble in transfer curve. All of my doubts gets solved. Thank you ❤️
Your explanation was awesome 🤗. Thank you
Which software is used to make circuit diagram and graphs 📊
00:12 Schmitt Trigger is a comparator with hysteresis
02:32 Schmitt Trigger provides noise immunity over a band
04:57 Schmitt Trigger has a transfer characteristic curve known as the hysteresis curve.
07:32 Learn how to design inverting and non-inverting Schmitt Triggers using op-amp.
09:56 Inverting Schmitt Trigger has upper and lower threshold voltages
12:32 Designing Schmitt Triggers using Op-Amp
15:12 The upper and lower threshold voltages for a non-inverting Schmitt Trigger
18:01 Schmitt Trigger can be used as a level comparator, wave shaping circuit, and oscillator.
Crafted by Merlin AI.
in the beginning when the input crosses lower threshold voltage, why does the output not change accordingly?...just in the beginning?
You are great. Clear explanation.
Very good presentation. Thankyou very much!
Vut=Vref+(Vref-Vlow)*R1/R2
Vlt=Vref+(Vref-Vhigh)*R1/R2
Is the formula of upper and lower threshold voltage correct for Non-inverting scimitt trigger with reference voltage?
really very good and simple explanation
Schmitt Trigger using Op-Amp well explained !
Why you don't use inverting sc hmit trigger circuit? Is it not happen with referrence voltage
17:20
Why negative vh?
Too good expained.. Thank you.. 🎉🎉🎉
Easy to learn 👍
Thanks a lot
excellent appriciated,wellexplained.liked vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv much
Thank you sir, great video
We want more topics sir.You starts from the basic..
Thanku so much 4 ur guidance
Many thanks for the video :)
Schmitt trigger is a ___ voltage comparator.(+ve,-ve,both,none) sir what is the answer of this
Sir can u pls make a dedicated video on hysterisis ?
THANKS FOR YOUR EFFORT SIR
Great video! , Can you also make a video of Schmitt trigger with BJTs or MOSFETs?
Extremely....... Clear explanation sir......
Sir may you please explain what is noise immunity here
very helpful videos sir...
thaaaaank you, better than my uni teacher
why is V+ assumed to be greater than Vout???
Hi.I like your video very much. It's really great. I'll keep an eye on your channel. I am your fan and I will support you.
Yes, friend you said it right....
@all about electronics schmit trigger is a circuit positive feedback applied to the comparator.is it right?
Hello, Schmitt Trigger is basically a comparator, with positive feedback...
great video bro
thanks and keep up the good work.
waiting for lectures on transistor models amplifiers and oscillator
In non inverting case if Vout is low then V^+ is less than 0 ie V^+=r2/(r1+r2) + r1/(r1+r2)*Vl not Vh.........can u explain why u wrote Vh instead of Vl
the video was great and intresting
Amazing as usual
I've not understood why (physical why), the behavior of the positive feedback is so different from the negative one, looking at the negative one it is easy to see that V- follows the V+ and doing the KVL across the inverting branch and negative feedback the result will be Vout negative if Vin positive and the opposite if Vin is negative... obviously i cannot do the same with the positive feedback but i don't understand why
It's an amazing lecture. It clears all my doubts . But I have request for you can you provide written notes on opamp
bsdk sab yehi kar de tu khali laar chaat
Thanks dude:)
Thanks its so clear
Cab any one explain how he compared.. V1>0 with (R2/R1+R2) vin > -Vl(R1/R1+R2)
Sir in non inverting st you say ki v1>0 then output is high similarly when v2
Dear Ashish, something is missing ....
Excellenttttttttt........Explanationnnnnnnnnn..
How in hysteresis curve,if Vh and Vl equal and opposite in polarity makes hysteresis curve symmetric to y-axis.
It has been assumed that the positive and the negative supplies of the op-amp are equal and opposite in polarity.
And usually, it used to be the case for the op-amp. that's why it is symmetric about the y-axis.
I hope it will clear your doubt.
For the inverting Schmitt trigger is VL and VH the voltage supplied the op-amp as in VCC
yes, both for inverting and non inverting
thank you very much
Good Man
You should get a noble prize in teaching. thanks
Exactly....
Plz send the note in pdf or give the link for notes in description
Thanks a lot ☺️
Thank you so much sir got it please make vedio on examples numaricals of s.trigger
Yes, very soon I will make it.
you are the best
Explanation is very nice..thanq sir
But the voicenotes are disturbing the video during explaination 😊
Thank you sir
In case of non inver schmit trgr why we can not put vin at + and feed back resistor on - with ground?
You mean to say like inverting configuration ??
The thing is Schmitt trigger is operated with positive feedback. That means based on input, the output is either + Vsat or - Vsat.
If there is negative feedback, then it's not a Schmitt trigger circuit. I hope it will clear your doubt.
Sir ,why does not applicable for virtual ground concept in Schmitt trigger?
The concept of virtual ground is applicable only when the op-amp is operated in the linear region (with negative feedback). Here, in case of Schmitt Trigger, the positive feedback has been applied to the op-amp, so it is operating in the saturation region.
I hope it will clear your doubt.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS tysm sir
Thank You :)
why i take Vo= Vth why we dont assuming Vo =0v
Bro, Vo cannot be zero as the output of Schmitt trigger will be either at +Vsat or at -Vsat.....
Bro, before and after, using schmit trigger waveforms I didn't find any difference ,can someone please explain me
Hello Hari, with schmitt trigger, the output if opamp is locked for certain range of input signal....
@@circuitsanalytica4348 ok thank you
Thanks for the video. I have one doubt. Will the concept of virtual ground not applicable in Schmitt trigger? Kindly reply.
No, because it's applicable only when the opamp is used with negative feedback. In Schmitt trigger it is used in positive feedback configuration. So opamp is operating in the saturation. That's why it's not applicable.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS thanks for your prompt reply. Sir, what is the reason that virtual ground is only applicable in negative feedback?
Make an video for schmitt trigger using IC555
Very good
and watch out when applying reference voltage because it also has a factor attached to it
thanx again
For example my +vsat =10 volts if R1=R2 then upper thershold voltage is 5 volts when voltage at inverting terminal is more than upper thershold voltage we will get -vsat then voltage at non inverting terminal is -5 then voltage at inverting terminal should be less than lower thershold voltage right if we calculate this with gain=100 then vout =A(v^+ - v^-)
Thank you
Sir I have some doubts
Why we use positive feedback?
Does virtual ground concept act here too?
How can we fix a specific voltage as UTV and LTV?
Here we are using positive feedback, because we want the opamp in the saturation. That means it has only two output states. + Vsat and - Vsat.
And the virtual ground concept is not valid the the positive feedback. It is only valid with the negative feedback, when the opamp is operating in the linear region.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS thank you very much for your valuable reply sir 🙏
In non inverting u interchange vL and Vh.. While calculating vi
mst padhaya ekdm
how window comparator will operate when VH=VL .Actually i was given a task to design comparator when two voltages are unequal. Need help .
I have made a video on the comparator, where I have explained window comparator.
Please check it.
Here is the link:
ua-cam.com/video/k9zQjEaKtfk/v-deo.html
If you still have any question after watching it then do let me know here.
At 10:07 you said to take Vout = Vh (Vh is high output when V+ >Vin)... On the next equation you asked so consider Vin > V1. TO get VLow
_Doubt_ : _We have already considerd V+>Vin to obtain Vout=Vh and named it as V1 now how can you again compare Vin and V1 to get VL. And how is Vlow consider as Vut? Please sir I'm stuck badly in this confusion_
Did u get the answer?
For understanding it Initial Assumption was made :- Vin < V + , then Vout = VH
Now, the output will remain VH till Vin < V . This is considered as V1.
Comment :- "On the next equation you asked so consider Vin > V1. To get VLow" . Yes because unless the Vin doesn't goes less than V1, the output will remain LOW only. We need to get the VH as output as well.
Now when Vin > V1 , then the output becomes VL ( Low).
Case 1 :- Voltage is set at VH > Vin . The output is low. (V1)
When Vin < VH the Vout is becoming HIGH.
Thank you sir,
But can you provide us with notes
Nice
00:15 Schmitt Trigger is a comparator with hysteresis.
02:38 Schmitt Trigger determines output based on input threshold voltage
05:01 Schmitt Trigger behavior explained
07:27 Inverting Schmitt Trigger's transfer characteristic curve can be shifted by providing external reference voltage.
09:56 Schmitt Trigger sets threshold voltages for input signals
12:34 Designing inverting and non-inverting Schmitt Triggers using Op-Amp
15:13 Schmitt Trigger has upper and lower threshold voltages.
18:02 Schmitt Trigger has applications in level comparison, analog to digital conversion, wave shaping, and multivibrator and oscillator design.
AT 2:13 you have the upper thresh hold voltage sending output from low to high but that is only true for the non-inverting ST. For the inverting ST the upper thresh hold voltage signals the point where the output goes from high to low.
indeed !
How did u decide current direction?
Direction of current depends on polarity of output....
Lovely
That parameter curve is very difficult to me.
Super
Sir why we have only taken positive feedback i.e non inverting feedback in Schmitt trigger?
When the op-amp is used as a Schmitt trigger then it is used in the saturation region of operation. Meaning that, the output of the op-amp is either + Vsat and +Vsat. (Vsat is typically little less than biasing voltages of the op-amp).
When the op-amp is used with the negative feedback, then it operates in the linear region, meaning that the output is linear function of input. (e.g V0 = AcL x Vin).
But with the positive feedback, when we are using the op-amp in the saturation region, then irrespective of the value of the input signal, the output of the op-amp gets saturated. (either to + Vsat or -Vsat).
The Schmitt trigger is intended to work like that, like a comparator but with some hysteresis. I hope, it will clear your doubt.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS means when we use negative feedback , then our vout will be lower than the vin, and we don't want that, we want our output to be greater than vin so that it will saturates, right?
Very good video
Yes Deepty, really good video....
Sir why doesn't we consider the virtual ground thing in the case of non inverting Schmitt trigger
Because the concept of virtual ground is applicable only when the op-amp is operated in the linear region. ( During the negative feedback).
In Schmitt Trigger, there is a positive feedback. Means op-amp is operating in the saturation region.
So, we can't apply the concept of virtual ground.
I hope it will clear your doubt.
ALL ABOUT ELECTRONICS thankyou sir ❤️
Please make yourself extra clear in deriving the expressions for the lower and upper threshold voltages for the two Schmitt trigger configurations, you assumed some values for V_out in the analysis and that point onwards the further analysis (in both the configurations) gets really mushy.Please redo that part.
Super video
Very useful
Can you upload "555 timer as Schmitt trigger" topic please?
Awaiting
Hello friend, in my channel, these videos are available...
helpful