Math Caught $1 Million Dollar Fraud

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  • Опубліковано 15 гру 2021
  • “... for the root of all evils is the love of money,” states the First Epistle of Paul to Timothy -- and no woman in 19th century America exemplifies that more than Hetty Green. She was a remarkable, talented financier who built an empire and forged headways for women in business. But in 1865, Hetty revealed the true depths of her greed when she orchestrated a will forgery that would pave the way for the use of mathematical analysis in the courtroom.
    Hetty produced a copy of her Aunt Sylvia’s will leaving everything to her. It was suspicious, but no one could use math to prove it. Benjamin and Charles Peirce could, however, show that it was beyond statistically improbable that every feature of Sylvia Howland’s supposed signature was a perfect match to another sample. There’s a 1 in a million chance, and then there’s 1 in a sextillion -- and their analysis of graphonomic probability showed without a doubt that one of the most successful women in American history had engaged in forgery to satisfy her own personal greed.
    The meticulous analysis of downward handwriting strokes, the calculation and application of standard deviation, and explaining the utterly shocking scale of a coincidence proved that Hetty was a fake. And while math is often misapplied in the courtroom, exposing Hetty Green’s terrible attempt to defraud her own family marked an opportunity to use probability to get to the truth.
    ** SOURCES **
    Meier, P., & Zabell, S. (1980). Benjamin Peirce and the Howland Will. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 75(371), 497-506.
    "The Howland Will Case", American Law Review, vol. 4, p. 625 (1870)
    “Hetty: The Genius and Madness of America's First Female Tycoon.” Charles Slack (2005)
    “The Richest Woman in America: Hetty Green in the Gilded Age.” Janet Wallach (2013)
    ** LINKS **
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    / tabortcu
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    Huge Thanks To Paula Lieber
    www.etsy.com/shop/Craftality
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    #education #vsauce #crime
  • Наука та технологія

КОМЕНТАРІ • 559

  • @Vsauce2
    @Vsauce2  2 роки тому +594

    Remember I want your answer to the odds of a 7.989 standard deviation. And thanks to Morning Brew for giving me a news brief in less time than it takes to forge my Aunt Sylvia's will. Sign up for free here: bit.ly/mbvsauce2

    • @maffy542
      @maffy542 2 роки тому +6

      Love your video

    • @disneydaniel233
      @disneydaniel233 2 роки тому +4

      The number of the lady who is in there are you doing the same with the number one of the kids that you do with sentret

    • @kartavayajain_3108
      @kartavayajain_3108 2 роки тому +3

      You are a genius bro and i like your videos as they are logical interesting and knowledgeable for me as i m in 12th standard... Love from India🇮🇳

    • @DTinkerer
      @DTinkerer 2 роки тому +3

      I am actually curious about the answer !so I am commenting to get notifications.

    • @fiqusonnick
      @fiqusonnick 2 роки тому +66

      6.8e-16 ≈ 1/1.47e15
      or one in one quadrillion, four hundred and seventy trillion

  • @shrimpbisque
    @shrimpbisque 2 роки тому +1224

    The ironic thing about all this is, if she had been sloppy in tracing her aunt's signature, she probably would have gotten away with it.

    • @acookie7548
      @acookie7548 2 роки тому +32

      it’s possible she’s gotten away with it before, then.

    • @nguyenkhanhhailinh1721
      @nguyenkhanhhailinh1721 2 роки тому +25

      But, if she was sloppy, she had to be consistent with her sloppyness

    • @varunjoshi7887
      @varunjoshi7887 2 роки тому +53

      @Daniel Kavanagh exactly..... Her mistake was high accuracy. A little sloppiness would have favoured her substantially

    • @haroerhaktak2613
      @haroerhaktak2613 2 роки тому +14

      @Daniel Kavanagh Yes that's the problem. Had she made a few mistakes, maybe angled the lines a bit, she would've gotten away with it.

    • @joshyoung1440
      @joshyoung1440 2 роки тому +7

      We know, we watched the video.

  • @jsCP94
    @jsCP94 2 роки тому +1892

    I do like that Kevin distinguished between this case and the previous ones, saying that all the facts of this case makes it different from the other two cases, where very rare and low probabilities were involved. At first, I was thinking "Wait, what if the signature match was also a coincidence that actually occurred, and maybe the aunt did have a legitimate earlier will?" I'm glad I waited until the vid ended before commenting lol.

    • @RGC_animation
      @RGC_animation 2 роки тому +97

      Dream: I like these odds

    • @theboss-by5gd
      @theboss-by5gd 2 роки тому +14

      @@RGC_animation lol

    • @vigilantcosmicpenguin8721
      @vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 2 роки тому +17

      This is a series about criminal forensics as much as it's about math, and he came to a conclusion that applies really well.

    • @kendomyers
      @kendomyers 2 роки тому +12

      I like to comment before watching the video meself. Pass quick, uniformed judgement.
      Mostly, I share ignorant opinions and feel an emotional connection to them, so I hold on to my false opinions for dear life when challenged.

    • @RGC_animation
      @RGC_animation 2 роки тому +2

      @@kendomyers Please tell me you have watched the video before commenting that.

  • @thegatorhator6822
    @thegatorhator6822 2 роки тому +1641

    "How consistent is a signature?"
    Actually an interesting ask. I've been turned down multiple times from services because mine never even closely look the same.

    • @sianmilne4879
      @sianmilne4879 2 роки тому +59

      Perhaps simplify it? Use your initials or sm? 😂

    • @Sheridantank
      @Sheridantank 2 роки тому +89

      Basic cursive with a couple unique touches is a good way to sign. For example, I combine the first letter of my last and first name. The letters are B and P and I combine them similarly to how the E and B are combined in the Bugatti logo. This makes a clearly intentional way to sign that you would have to know and wouldn't be able to make up.

    • @vigilantcosmicpenguin8721
      @vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 2 роки тому +89

      That's why my signature is just a straight line. Looks the exact same, every time.

    • @raynemichelle2996
      @raynemichelle2996 2 роки тому +68

      My signature is just an X because I'm illiterate

    • @cubing7276
      @cubing7276 2 роки тому +63

      @@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 and pretty easily forged

  • @hieronymusnervig8712
    @hieronymusnervig8712 2 роки тому +206

    There's also a really big difference in convicting someone for prison or deciding who receives an inheritance. In one case, you're potentially ruining a live without gain, in the other case you simply decide who between two parties receives a benefit.

    • @fragileomniscience7647
      @fragileomniscience7647 2 роки тому +8

      This could have been prevented if there was a written proof of her signing this thing and depositing it in a central bank to known persons with shared access.
      Then if anyone came up with such a testament out of nowhere, it would have to have a verifying letter in the central bank, else it'd be invalid.
      Such, it would never even have occurred, since the person who could testament never wrote a verifying letter with discrete shared access to the witnesses, nor is she alive to be accounted for it.
      Relevance?
      I'm delevoping a new justice paradigm based on mathematical logic. Previously unsecured transactions become self-verifying like a logical hamming code.

    • @jasonnelson9141
      @jasonnelson9141 Рік тому +1

      Dude, it was the early 20th century.

  • @Basswaite_2
    @Basswaite_2 2 роки тому +597

    Ok so seeing standard deviation used in a real life setting is something in wasn’t expecting to see today but now here we are. Thank you Kevin for another banger video

    • @melody3741
      @melody3741 2 роки тому +39

      Youre joking right it has applications in literally every field

    • @Basswaite_2
      @Basswaite_2 2 роки тому +6

      @@melody3741 yes hahaha it was a joke

    • @melody3741
      @melody3741 2 роки тому +5

      @@Basswaite_2 okay sorry 😥 im not good at telling

    • @Basswaite_2
      @Basswaite_2 2 роки тому +4

      @@melody3741 no worries at all!

    • @trspanda2157
      @trspanda2157 2 роки тому

      Jesus loves us all that's why he died for our sins,.

  • @Draxis32
    @Draxis32 2 роки тому +1086

    Dream: *fake speedrun*
    Me, today: "Such evanescent shadows of probability cannot belong to actual Minecraft"

    • @j.21
      @j.21 2 роки тому +27

      There's a video made by Karl Jobst talking about Dream's cheat in more detail.
      Video title: Dream's Cheating Confession: Uncovering The Truth

    • @Kurszt
      @Kurszt 2 роки тому +35

      @@j.21 Not necessary but the gist of this is "Dream unintentionally used a mod that boosts the drop rate of items necessary to beat the game to his speedruns that he normally uses for his content."

    • @asdbanz316
      @asdbanz316 2 роки тому +14

      @@Kurszt Still cheating tho. He's contentmaker, not an actual speedrunner.

    • @ttmfndng201
      @ttmfndng201 2 роки тому +23

      @@asdbanz316 He was also a speedrunner though.

    • @_Moralle
      @_Moralle 2 роки тому +3

      @@j.21 Not gonna lie, Karl's videos on MC are his worst content imo, since he hasn't really properly delved into the matter and doesn't know everything that's possible. Generally he knows what he's talking about, just not for Minecraft

  • @therealjammit
    @therealjammit 2 роки тому +33

    If she changed it from 50/50 but to 70/30 no one might have thought twice about it.

  • @BytebroUK
    @BytebroUK 2 роки тому +45

    When I left school, I had a job for a year or so in my local Unemployment Benefit Office aka Dole Office, as a clerk processing "Fresh Claims". Every document the claimant submitted had to be countersigned or initialled by me. I quickly found out that if I had missed a document, one of my colleagues in the back office would forge my initials on the form or whatever. In his head, he was doing both the claimant and myself a favour by making sure the claimant got what was due, and that I didn't get a bollocking for not signing off the forms correctly. My head still rings with "Yes, but.....!!"

    • @fetchstixRHD
      @fetchstixRHD 2 роки тому +14

      "...that's gotta be some form of illegal, somewhere"

    • @JusticeBurpees
      @JusticeBurpees 2 роки тому +15

      Indian law student here. We're taught, people must have a "guilty mind" while committing a crime. A criminal liability is different from a civil liability. The concept of 'mens rea' (guilty mind) is important in determining guilt or innocence of a said person.

  • @lafcursiax
    @lafcursiax 2 роки тому +90

    Brilliant follow-up to the previous videos about the misuse of forensic mathematics! And a fascinating story in its own right-- I'd read about Hetty Green as a child, but didn't know this part of her life.

  • @MrLeeFTW
    @MrLeeFTW 2 роки тому +161

    You've really found your footing in these videos, Kevin. They're getting such a great reception. Kudos.

  • @ShortHax
    @ShortHax 2 роки тому +442

    Who else thought Kevin was gonna bust Elizabeth Holmes using math

    • @muskact4450
      @muskact4450 2 роки тому +7

      what happened to your checkmark?

    • @ababababaababbba
      @ababababaababbba 2 роки тому +7

      I thought kevin was gonna bust too

    • @j.21
      @j.21 2 роки тому +5

      your verified mark disappeared??

    • @Provitia
      @Provitia 2 роки тому +1

      @@muskact4450 i thought he was fake

    • @bearpoop720
      @bearpoop720 2 роки тому +1

      What happened to ur checkmark ik its u but what happened

  • @Rebelnightwolfe
    @Rebelnightwolfe 2 роки тому +27

    If Mr. Krabs and Mr. Burns had a daughter. It would be this woman.

  • @Revo5660
    @Revo5660 2 роки тому +161

    Finally, a worthy opponent for Scrooge McDuck and Mr. Crabs.

  • @jaydenchundanga6318
    @jaydenchundanga6318 2 роки тому +180

    I love that Kevin has become Sherlock Homey, I like maths and now solve crimes, and love this series. Keep it up!

  • @Trentkobe
    @Trentkobe 2 роки тому +20

    Matt Parker from Stand-Up Maths went over human odds in a series of videos. He came up with the "Ten Billion Human Second Century". He outlines the comparison in the first minute of his "How did the 'impossible' Perfect Bridge Deal happen?". I highly recommend watching that and the previous video to see him outline at what point insane odds become 'humanly impossible', as at a certain point all large numbers just kind of go over your head and you can't really fathom them.

    • @MrRogordo
      @MrRogordo 2 роки тому +3

      If anyone find this comment and has time, they should check out the whole video about the Minecraft speedrun controversy. Brilliant stuff

  • @auroreo777
    @auroreo777 2 роки тому +9

    she just had Dream luck

  • @victorquiroz3409
    @victorquiroz3409 2 роки тому +16

    Awesome video! I hope you enjoy making these videos as you did the last set of quirky math proofs

  • @snowballeffect7812
    @snowballeffect7812 2 роки тому +89

    The signatures matching is still more likely than dream not cheating

    • @j.21
      @j.21 2 роки тому +2

      There's a video made by Karl Jobst talking about Dream's cheat in more detail.
      Video title: Dream's Cheating Confession: Uncovering The Truth

    • @brandonbombplays9304
      @brandonbombplays9304 2 роки тому +9

      He cheated but said it was accidentally.
      He also admitted he meant to cheat with the mod in his manhunts.

    • @reuben4721
      @reuben4721 2 роки тому

      @@brandonbombplays9304 But was there proof he was cheating with this in the manhunts to show he meant to have used it for the manhunts and not the speedrun

    • @brandonbombplays9304
      @brandonbombplays9304 2 роки тому +4

      @@reuben4721 that is irrelevant. I just said he admitted he cheated, but said it was accidentally because he left the mod in his folder by accident.

    • @reuben4721
      @reuben4721 2 роки тому +5

      @@brandonbombplays9304 how do we know it was "by accident" though. And the cheating was noticed right after he said in discord that he was angry about the drops he was getting. I guess it would make him seem like a bit of pshycopath with all of the lying he did in the cheating scandal so i guess people are believing its an accident

  • @RedLeader327
    @RedLeader327 2 роки тому +39

    Love this series. So glad you’re continuing on. Math can do so much, damb

  • @tygovaneerd3544
    @tygovaneerd3544 2 роки тому +5

    Please keep doing these videos, I love them!

  • @ThePeekaboo777
    @ThePeekaboo777 2 роки тому

    Pleeeeaae keep these coming!!! My new fav series on UA-cam :)))

  • @Catalina27
    @Catalina27 2 роки тому

    Thanks for posting ❗️

  • @RGC_animation
    @RGC_animation 2 роки тому +48

    Sylvia left over 99% of the fortune to charity, respect 100.

  • @pinkace
    @pinkace 2 роки тому +8

    I love this series :) more please!

  • @rawblurry9871
    @rawblurry9871 2 роки тому +1

    You should create more videos like that, i love ittt! I can't believe i listen to you more than to my prof 😁

  • @Gamesaucer
    @Gamesaucer 2 роки тому +70

    Basically: use probability as the final nail in the coffin, not as the foundation for a case?
    Probability is circumstantial, and while (contrary to popular belief) it's possible to convict someone on circumstantial evidence alone, what you're looking for in that case are things that, coming together independently, fit into a pattern. This forms a strong foundation for a case, rather than your evidence being stacked haphazardly on top of each other like you're playing Jenga.
    When you _start_ with probability as the core of a case without compensating for how the result biases the investigation going forward, you're going to be building a Jenga tower that can come crashing down at any time, because whatever you find next will _rely_ on that first result being correct to make any sense. And while independently intersecting coincidences make you _more_ confident that you're correct, if those coincidences _depend_ on one another due to factors that cause bias, the probability of being _incorrect_ rises dramatically.
    A shoddy case like described above is essentially like a chain: if there's a weak link in it, that's where it snaps, and all the effort you put in after that point is not just wasted, but outright misleading, since you fit it to an incorrect assumption. The more links a chain like that has, the more likely that at least one will fail, even if they're all decently strong. Making sure your evidence arises independently does not lengthen an unreliable chain, but creates parallel connections that strengthen the core of your case.

  • @jakenaylor
    @jakenaylor 2 роки тому +2

    Love your videos, Kevin! Wishing you a great year ahead! :)

  • @haikdanielyan
    @haikdanielyan 2 роки тому +3

    And as always, thanks for the video.

  • @spicy7724
    @spicy7724 2 роки тому +14

    Great series you got going on. Keep up the great work!

  • @dylanlasher5930
    @dylanlasher5930 2 роки тому +7

    I wonder how they reasoned out the assumptions needed for a specific probability distribution. I can't imagine their data would be that robust. 🤔

  • @BrickTsar
    @BrickTsar 2 роки тому +6

    Really enjoying these videos on math with real life consequences

  • @Readera
    @Readera 2 роки тому +3

    Enjoyed this video. Thanks !

  • @Keijo_
    @Keijo_ 2 роки тому +4

    "VSauce, Kevin here, and I'm about to BUST"

  • @metalxhead
    @metalxhead 2 роки тому +9

    One of my philosophy profs always pronounced C.S. Peirce's name as "purse" instead of "pierce" (probably because of its spelling?) and that is what I most remember from his class. I don't even know if it's the right pronunciation, but it's what I have taken from that class.

  • @FriendlyTume
    @FriendlyTume 2 роки тому +2

    Thank you Kevin! This video made it way easier to fake your signature thanks to all those you showed and explaining

  • @adamfelix6659
    @adamfelix6659 2 роки тому +1

    Awesome man. Base message is spot-on

  • @Cracks094
    @Cracks094 2 роки тому

    Watching this on new year's eve
    guten rutsch, Kevin!

  • @hdew12354
    @hdew12354 2 роки тому +4

    me: (overcharges a customer by a penny)
    my brain: (realizes)
    also my brain: The Fraud Caught by Math

  • @narre71
    @narre71 2 роки тому +5

    Anyone else who thought Hetty was gonna pull some underhanded shit by naming her daughter Sylvia, after her late aunt? I was just waiting for Kevin to say, "even in death, Hetty managed to squeeze more money out"

  • @djhollowpoint
    @djhollowpoint 2 роки тому +22

    Really loving these deep-dive forensic analysis videos, keep em coming!

  • @shaoran1026
    @shaoran1026 2 роки тому +6

    The odds of the signature being an exact match was 100 time less likely than ten billion second human century, so yeah that was impossible.

  • @notnowliberty
    @notnowliberty 2 роки тому +1

    Once again, an excellent video.

  • @justcarcrazy
    @justcarcrazy 2 роки тому

    Brilliant video! Thanks for this.

  • @MrMikidude
    @MrMikidude 2 роки тому +1

    Great video, more like these please!

  • @jointscript
    @jointscript 2 роки тому +2

    I like this new style of stories

  • @lucretius8050
    @lucretius8050 2 роки тому +6

    I won't be surprised if robots can eventually clone your signature up to the amount of pressure in your strokes.

    • @fos1451
      @fos1451 2 роки тому +1

      You just describe printer

    • @thatoneguy9582
      @thatoneguy9582 2 роки тому +3

      bro i can’t even clone my own signature

    • @GalvakzaMusic
      @GalvakzaMusic 2 роки тому

      Or better yet, copy is it but make it a little different, with the exact amount of believable variance. Now that's scary!

  • @crelos3549
    @crelos3549 2 роки тому +2

    Good thing my teachers didn't know that in high school, cause I always made sure to make a perfect match

  • @seriouslyWeird
    @seriouslyWeird 2 роки тому +1

    That was the silliest attempt of fraud i've ever seen

  • @ChaosInsurgent22
    @ChaosInsurgent22 2 роки тому +3

    "VSauce, Kevin here, and I'm about to bust"
    *video ends*

  • @daviddurbin3249
    @daviddurbin3249 2 роки тому

    One of the best videos you have made

  • @jasonsong86
    @jasonsong86 2 роки тому +4

    It's very interesting. I have signed my name 20-30 times when I need to and they don't match at all. It's almost impossible to sign your name the same over and over.

  • @MrTruehoustonian
    @MrTruehoustonian 2 роки тому +1

    Now this video and the other three videos like this one is why I re-subscribed to the Vsauce2 channel freaking great video Kevin, Bravo good show sir

  • @HamedEmine
    @HamedEmine 2 роки тому +90

    In a world where "dark mode" is thriving, Vsauce2 decided that adding a camera flash visual effect was the right thing to do... My eyes.... MY EYES...

  • @NobleRanger
    @NobleRanger 2 роки тому

    The cinematography of this episode is really good.

  • @TheRealGavyLedfo
    @TheRealGavyLedfo Рік тому +1

    “V suace Kevin here and I’m about to bust” ah yes

  • @driedpotatoes
    @driedpotatoes 2 роки тому +22

    UA-cam: This is controversial
    Kevin: No. Have some more.

  • @rzeka
    @rzeka 2 роки тому +5

    VSAUCE Kevin here and I'm about to bust

  • @coltonlohn
    @coltonlohn 2 роки тому +3

    Vsauce! Kevin here, and I’m about to bust!

  • @ashishpatel350
    @ashishpatel350 2 роки тому +5

    Elizabeth Holmes 🤣

  • @Bustelicous
    @Bustelicous 2 роки тому +7

    I loved the comparison to the other cases at the end. I think this is also the reason why she was never convicted of fraud because the standard of proof is much higher than in civil court and they would have needed more concrete evidence that she made the forgery herself.

  • @sergeantfluffy2729
    @sergeantfluffy2729 Місяць тому

    “Vsauce, Kevin here, and I’m about to bust”😂😂😂

  • @michaelwang1730
    @michaelwang1730 2 роки тому +1

    Basically secretly teaching us statistics, 1 day after my AP Statistics final at school. Convenient.

  • @mahmeh2598
    @mahmeh2598 2 роки тому

    On my break of studying for statistic exam and this comes up haha

  • @Mermaider
    @Mermaider 2 роки тому

    Good video 👍
    Thanks

  • @wmgthilgen
    @wmgthilgen 2 роки тому +2

    Any and all wills are subject to being probated. Though the courts and lawyers end up getting the bulk of a probated will, a significant amout such as it was during this event would have still been quite extensive.

  • @wayanjonathanschiwietz2486
    @wayanjonathanschiwietz2486 2 роки тому +4

    I thought she would have faked the signature too bad but I never thought about it beeing to good. So I was confused about the huge standard deviations in Kevins signature. I guess they are plenty of other ways to compare signatures? Like loops and other types of strokes

  • @adamsteeber
    @adamsteeber 2 роки тому +7

    7:13
    R programming:
    f

    • @jordanr.2120
      @jordanr.2120 2 роки тому +2

      Legendary. Glad someone did the hard work I don't have the skillset nor attention span for

  • @laurendoe168
    @laurendoe168 2 роки тому +3

    This video is almost in stark contrast to a VSauce video I just got done watching that explained using probability to prove something is not always as "cut and dry" as it seems. Whenever some "expert" claims that a probability is "one in a gazillion" (gazillion = some number over one million), my red flags start going up.

  • @MudakTheMultiplier
    @MudakTheMultiplier 2 роки тому +2

    Worth noting that forensic handwriting analysis is no longer considered legitimate.

  • @Snomadu
    @Snomadu 2 роки тому +1

    “Vsauce! Kevin here, I’m about to bust
    *t h e f a t t e s t n u t”*

  • @panameadeplm
    @panameadeplm 2 роки тому +1

    This is an amazing series, Kevin!

  • @highvis_supply
    @highvis_supply 2 роки тому +1

    They could have just aligned both pages and shined a light through it

  • @cggc9510
    @cggc9510 Рік тому +1

    US State voting committees need to watch this video. They might finally learn that any one signature is not going to be the same from one sample to the next. This might prompt them to finally remove it from voter registration cards.

  • @shpee8443
    @shpee8443 2 роки тому +1

    "V sauce, Kevin here and I'm about to bust" *video starts buffering*

  • @centerpoint2844
    @centerpoint2844 2 роки тому

    Now that's a title worth clicking

  • @GameTimeWhy
    @GameTimeWhy 2 роки тому +1

    This was a really interesting case.

  • @nataliedepriest9113
    @nataliedepriest9113 2 роки тому +11

    This video makes me appreciate my high school statistics class so much. Thirty years later and here I am watching videos featuring standard deviation.

    • @slevinchannel7589
      @slevinchannel7589 2 роки тому +1

      I love to recommend youtubers who commit to science and education.
      May I?

  • @sidleyparkhermit6391
    @sidleyparkhermit6391 4 місяці тому

    Thanks for this wild story. One so rarely hears of women in the field of "weird, mean super-genius who wears the same thing every day"

  • @Nevermind445
    @Nevermind445 2 роки тому

    "Vsauce! Kevin here! and I'm about to bust!"

  • @Maria-hk7bj
    @Maria-hk7bj 2 роки тому

    That courtroom was a clash of titans Jesus Christ

  • @darkprotoboy
    @darkprotoboy 2 роки тому

    My teachers when I fake my moms signature

  • @sarahuchoa4018
    @sarahuchoa4018 2 роки тому

    My signature is so different each time that I live in constant fear of being charged or something 😅

  • @Atmos_Glitch
    @Atmos_Glitch 2 роки тому +1

    Blowing my mind seeing standard deviation outside of school lmao!

  • @Caslux00
    @Caslux00 2 роки тому +2

    Nobody's going to point out why someone would void all future wills, and then make a future will?

    • @fetchstixRHD
      @fetchstixRHD 2 роки тому

      Was going to say that! Not just that but who would lock out their future decisions rather than just choosing not to make said decision?

    • @asdbanz316
      @asdbanz316 2 роки тому +2

      If they suspect that someone will force them. Or due to paranoia or brain problems.

    • @fetchstixRHD
      @fetchstixRHD 2 роки тому +1

      @@asdbanz316: Reasonable point to be fair, though at the same time I can't help thinking that you're then shifting the question forward to be "is someone forcing you to make this will now?" Similarly for the sound mind part too!

  • @isntimportant
    @isntimportant 2 роки тому +2

    Damn, here I was proud that my signatures are all perfectly identical to each other and in reality some nerd could claim it was faked? So I've been undoing myself by being consistent and using something I can perfectly repeat rather than just generally repeat? I better change my signature!

  • @Catalina27
    @Catalina27 2 роки тому

    You really made this one count

  • @Hyperboid
    @Hyperboid 2 роки тому

    I love how the youtube autochapters detected "AMPUTATED LEG" as a chapter

  • @score_pion28
    @score_pion28 2 роки тому +8

    I love your vids but I miss the old games and paradoxes

    • @brandonbombplays9304
      @brandonbombplays9304 2 роки тому +2

      Me too

    • @19Szabolcs91
      @19Szabolcs91 2 роки тому

      He probably ran out of them, and found another interesting topic. Personally, I love these, and they feel more complete than the early paradox videos.

  • @yunusdemircan7095
    @yunusdemircan7095 2 роки тому

    "Vsauce, Kevin here, and I'm about to bust"
    - Kevin Leiver, Host of Vsauce 2

  • @tigeroyer7789
    @tigeroyer7789 2 роки тому

    The auto generated chapters had me flabbergasted.

  • @sepiasmith5065
    @sepiasmith5065 2 роки тому

    My signature can vary pretty wildly. Some letters disappear and sometimes I draw some letters slightly differently. I sometimes get a bit nervous thinking about someone doubting it

  • @robertzeurunkl8401
    @robertzeurunkl8401 2 роки тому +2

    Hetty's greed eventually played out to a boondoggle for Charity, through her daughter. The lord works in mysterious ways - as U2 said. ;-)

  • @AceSpadeThePikachu
    @AceSpadeThePikachu 2 роки тому

    Everyone else commenting about math and probability and me just sitting here with the "We've got to have MONEEEEY!" meme/song from the Tom and Jerry movie stuck in my head.

  • @goldhover409
    @goldhover409 2 роки тому +5

    Yay another video

  • @sock2828
    @sock2828 2 роки тому +2

    For a moment I thought her name was "Petty Green" which would be an incredibly appropriate name.

  • @GalvakzaMusic
    @GalvakzaMusic 2 роки тому

    Is Morning Brew any better than other news feeds? I'm trying to detach myself from social media and only absorb useful information during my breaks/in the morning.

  • @Kastor774
    @Kastor774 2 роки тому

    She got "Dreamed" lol

  • @fpsmage
    @fpsmage 2 роки тому

    was the background music you used in the beginning of this video from the game Death's Door?

  • @totodyl4663
    @totodyl4663 2 роки тому

    taking a break from my assignment on normal and binomial distributions, proceeds to watch a video about binomial distributions :/