Great Presentation Anna..... Here is a quote for you: "At that time [1909] the chief engineer was almost always the chief test pilot as well. That had the fortunate result of eliminating poor engineering early in aviation."-- Igor Sikorsky
One question for Anna: you are looking a lot in the natural evolution process, isn't the next move to ask help from biology to program/repurpose small life forms to produce this complex materials in large scale and economical feasible way? We have already the CRISPR. I get that the dna information is still hard to process (to know what does what), but maybe advances in quantum computing will both handle that massive data and help to project new smart materials as well through extensive simulations.
How to train your dragon as a fictional story but as a person who is into science a very interesting story because for a scientist such creatures exist in real life would be a scientist dream to opportunity for any scientist for any study one scientists in the military engineers will the military will love dragons to what's chemistry chemistry you can work with
Dave: Negative minded folks tend to enjoy focusing on negatives. Btw, did you read my comment? I acknowledged the microphone issue by stating "true" at the start of it. Perhaps me being able to see both positive and negative is annoying to you? You prefer to double down on the negative aspect that was an extremely small part of the whole presentation.
Good lecture. The future is coming whether we like it or not. Material sciences are on a new wave of discovery, like how our phones have dramatically changed in the last 20-30yrs. And btw, I remember rotary dialing.
Very enjoyable and as a lapsed materials scientifist (legend) I found myself en-tranced. I thought I was a better audience for Anna's humour than the audience present though. Shame, loosen up! 😀
That's a good Doubt....they shape memory occurs as long as the loads are elastic (recoverable) in nature....in an accident resulting in dent...the loads are far beyond elastic...causing permanent damage....hope it answers ur dbts
We are on a continual quest to improve what we do, that includes our videos. We've been looking at our stats and there's frequently an quick dip in viewership at the beginning of a video. People get 30 seconds in, listen to the intro, and turn the video off. We trialled using a highlight clip at the beginning, to give people a taster of things to come, in case it's the intros that are slowing things down. Interestingly, we did see better than average retention rates after introducing the change. We probably need to keep the trial going a little longer to account for other variables, like topic, speaker, etc. Did that explain things a little?
Oh there's definitely enough meat left on the material science bones to get another Christmas Lecture out of it. We'll add your suggestion into the hat for future lectures!
I do fly around in aircraft that changes the size and shape of the wings for landing, cruise, takeoff and turning. Hang gliders do that. For take off I have the tension set quite loose. The wing billows and the crossbar can move from side to side allowing the wings to billow differently on each side, making the aircraft easy to turn so I can adjust for changes in wind direction and strength. Once airborne I tighten the wings. The aircraft is slightly stiffer in roll, but has less drag, so I sink slower while I look for lift. When I find lift, I slack off again, to make it easy to turn and stay in the lift. When I want to glide between thermals I tighten the wings all the way. The crossbar can hardly move from side to side and turns are hard, but the drag is low and I lose as little height as possible. For landing I slack off about half way. Turns are easy enough, allowing me too fly to my landing spot, but the wing is tight enough that when I want to stop I can stall the whole wing at once. Just like a crow landing in a field.
16:15 thank me later. The entire presentation covered a lot of existing materials and did not speak to the future in any (if you'll pardon the pun) material way.
Business ethics to gain experience while involved in civil law by hate crime does not have the same revenue purpose when insurance determines it a contrary purpose. Nor does U.S. Government foreign intelligence as intelligence cause a market price, or advertising target audience. Inherently as science cost and investment is a concept of research and development producing a prototype.
piezos in trainers powering smartphones? maybe if you run a few marathons each day. under normal circumstances there isn´t nearly enough output to charge anything as power hungry as a smartphone.
It is always pleasure to hear a real scientist. Specially material scientist. Nature is simple and you put it simply. if man’s technology progress to see high resolution at atomic level. You would see why smart material behave the way they do. Well done. MG1
I'm mildly disappointed that I learned about these materials as a child nearly two decades ago and I wished there was at least something new discovered about them. If nothing else, I'm satisfied with being introduced to the concept of using them in *transforming vehicles* though!
Liquid metal is used on some CPUs between the chip and the lip to transfer heat to the surface (lid top) to be transferred to an air or liquid cooler. You can find it in select computer processors. Not Intel - they use a thermal paste, but think AMD. Maybe other makers? ;)
Modern aircraft's wings do change shape as they fly, both through the material properties and the flight control surfaces. Also with evolution it's not the perfect design that survives, it's the one that's good enough to survive long enough to mate and have young survive. Bird wings aren't perfect, they are good enough to let them fly. Insect wings are much more successful as there are so many different versions. Another point about bird wings, they're good for bird sized flight. We may have new materials that allow us to replicate bird wings on a larger scale, but the density of air doesn't scale up the same. Would you still get the same lift from bird like wings on an Airbus A380? Would the motion of the wings give the passengers a smooth flight?
From what I understand, insect wings are only good for persistent flapping. The shape of birds' wings are ideal for gliding and that's the exact type of wing planes rely on. I imagine wings with this _smart_ technology would only be gently morphing to adapt to current circumstances. They could change shape depending on the stage of flight because, for example, there's an ideal shape for gaining altitude, cruising, and landing that are each different from one another. The implementation alone suggests that the motion of the wings could be counteracting turbulence and therefore creating the smoothest flight possible for passengers. It's not like she intends for planes to be flapping their wings to create lift or anything so extreme.
Whoa, hold on a sec ... I'd like to underline an EPIC FAIL by the speaker. While much of the lecture (the part I watched anyway) was fine, I take scientific exception to the bit at 12:25 where (shortly after confiding she hates flying) she justified her fears by stating that turbine blades routinely operate above their melting temperature. IMO that is, at best, a highly misleading and unnecessarily alarmist quasi-truth that suggests faulty understanding by the speaker. I was equally torn between incredulity, annoyance, and the urge to giggle. The faux pas made the rest of the lecture unwatchable for me, but for those who are interested, an explanation follows. ------- EXPLANATION: I believe "Inconel" is an example of the sort of material she was alluding to ... from memory, it is a "super-alloy" metamaterial - a metallo-ceramic hybrid that is used in certain jet engine turbine blade applications because of its ability to retain high strength at incredible temperatures and stresses ... temps that exceed the melting point of at least one of the components that make up the alloy. Contrary to the insinuation by the speaker, it is not a valid concern in this particular instance. To illustate why consider common steel as an example, which in simplest form is an alloy of iron and carbon. Steel is far stronger than iron alone, and it maintains much of that strength perfectly well at temperatures far FAR above the point that the carbon by itself would rapidly burn away in the presence of oxygen as CO2 ... but when alloyed with iron (as steel) it does not because the molecular structure holds the carbon far more strongly that its potential to bind with oxygen, and thus the burning point of carbon is IRRELEVANT when bound in steel ... laughably so. The same analogy holds true for many alloys, with regards to the melting point of an individual component of said alloy. If she was unable to grasp this relatively simple point of material science, then that somewhat undermined her suitability to have given the lecture in question. How embarassing. -1 I'd welcome a response from someone well versed in materials science ... am I right or wrong to voice concern ? If wrong, please be specific.
Yep, the single crystal ceramic turbine blades are designed to operate at temperatures higher than those achieved in jet engines. The alloy forms a single crystal, that should withstand cracking through metal fatigue like conventional metals are prone to. The blades are also grown with hundreds of cooling ducts running through the blade. Whilst this over error was annoying, it didn't make the lecture unwatchable, it did make me take what she was saying with a pinch of salt on topics I was unfamiliar with. I do also wonder why male astronauts are not allowed to cry.
Maxx B Thanks. Glad to hear I wasn't imagining things. The rest was unwatchable for me because the nature of the faux pas implied a deep fundamental flaw in her understanding of her own field of study. Something she needs to unlearn in a hurry if she hopes to be taken seriously by colleagues. I felt nearly equal disappointment that the channel owner didnt catch the gaffe ... I have always expected better from the Royal Institute. Everyone has a bad day now and then (I'm no exception), but like ... WOW. 🤔😳😖
Roving Punster I would have said wrong. Yes the alloy used and the construction both increase the melting point above those of most materials, but nevertheless, the exhaust turbine blades operate in a gas stream well above the melting point of even these exceptional materials. They do this by maintaining a thin layer of cool (comparatively) air over the entire surface of the blade. The high pressure stages have a bleed of air that bypasses the combustion area and is fed into the root of the turbine blade. From there it travels up the blade and out through pores on the surface, forming the protective layer.
gasdive Thanks for the explanation. I stand by my comment however, because your explanation simply reinforces the fact that the blades in question are doing exactly what they were designed to do, and are almost certainly well within tolerances during normal operation. A more valid concern about air travel could have been the decline in recent years of federal inspectors monitoring compliance by carriers with proper maintenance procedures, and following up properly with corrective action requests.
We do try to podcast as many of these as possible, they're all hidden here, have a listen and see what you think - www.soundcloud.com/royal-institution/sets/ri-science-podcast
Great Presentation Anna..... Here is a quote for you:
"At that time [1909] the chief engineer was almost always the chief test pilot as well. That had the fortunate result of eliminating poor engineering early in aviation."-- Igor Sikorsky
The RI truly is the home of science
I wish I was born in London...
Amazing presentation! Loved it and such an interesting field, thank you for bringing that to all of us!
I love you ANNA. You are so beautiful 😍
One question for Anna: you are looking a lot in the natural evolution process, isn't the next move to ask help from biology to program/repurpose small life forms to produce this complex materials in large scale and economical feasible way?
We have already the CRISPR. I get that the dna information is still hard to process (to know what does what), but maybe advances in quantum computing will both handle that massive data and help to project new smart materials as well through extensive simulations.
How to train your dragon as a fictional story but as a person who is into science a very interesting story because for a scientist such creatures exist in real life would be a scientist dream to opportunity for any scientist for any study one scientists in the military engineers will the military will love dragons to what's chemistry chemistry you can work with
She's quite the talented presenter. Confident, competent and knowledgeable. This was good.
She is Ironborn and rightful ruler of the Iron Islands.
Wasn't a smart microphone though...
True, but that negative aspect was so unimportant to focus on compared to her wonderful presentation.
Ed Stoddard His criticism was legit, and you don't need to be so gushing
Dave: Negative minded folks tend to enjoy focusing on negatives. Btw, did you read my comment? I acknowledged the microphone issue by stating "true" at the start of it. Perhaps me being able to see both positive and negative is annoying to you? You prefer to double down on the negative aspect that was an extremely small part of the whole presentation.
Sarcasm really is the lowest form of wit.
White knight syndrome?
i little bit to much tryhard jokes in the first half, but other than that, a good talk.
Good lecture. The future is coming whether we like it or not. Material sciences are on a new wave of discovery, like how our phones have dramatically changed in the last 20-30yrs. And btw, I remember rotary dialing.
Well done, kept me enthralled throughout. I would have loved to have taken any class thought by you.
Time well spent! Thank you :)
Very enjoyable and as a lapsed materials scientifist (legend) I found myself en-tranced. I thought I was a better audience for Anna's humour than the audience present though. Shame, loosen up! 😀
Why don't we use this memory alloys in car denting parts...? This lower the denting cost after an accident substantially....
Like doors..... And other body parts
That's a good Doubt....they shape memory occurs as long as the loads are elastic (recoverable) in nature....in an accident resulting in dent...the loads are far beyond elastic...causing permanent damage....hope it answers ur dbts
@@materialsinformatics2437 yeah.. Sure... It.. Did... Thanks a lot buddy... For kind response... Have a good day buddy take care of yourself...
Thank you for not starting this lecture with a random clip from later in the talk.
What was up with that?
We are on a continual quest to improve what we do, that includes our videos. We've been looking at our stats and there's frequently an quick dip in viewership at the beginning of a video. People get 30 seconds in, listen to the intro, and turn the video off. We trialled using a highlight clip at the beginning, to give people a taster of things to come, in case it's the intros that are slowing things down. Interestingly, we did see better than average retention rates after introducing the change. We probably need to keep the trial going a little longer to account for other variables, like topic, speaker, etc. Did that explain things a little?
is she saying Nature is too simple. Off the topic, i think Nature is for babies
guess entropy doesn't apply to springs
I wonder if they would let Anna Ploszajski do their Christmas lectures one year? Or has Mark Miodownik already covered material science's best bits?
Oh there's definitely enough meat left on the material science bones to get another Christmas Lecture out of it. We'll add your suggestion into the hat for future lectures!
Still a far cry from Unobtanium.
Think about the blue folk though!
That was one of the most interesting and amusing things I've seen since I started self isolating !
You are a fantastic teacher, please make more
I do fly around in aircraft that changes the size and shape of the wings for landing, cruise, takeoff and turning. Hang gliders do that. For take off I have the tension set quite loose. The wing billows and the crossbar can move from side to side allowing the wings to billow differently on each side, making the aircraft easy to turn so I can adjust for changes in wind direction and strength. Once airborne I tighten the wings. The aircraft is slightly stiffer in roll, but has less drag, so I sink slower while I look for lift. When I find lift, I slack off again, to make it easy to turn and stay in the lift. When I want to glide between thermals I tighten the wings all the way. The crossbar can hardly move from side to side and turns are hard, but the drag is low and I lose as little height as possible. For landing I slack off about half way. Turns are easy enough, allowing me too fly to my landing spot, but the wing is tight enough that when I want to stop I can stall the whole wing at once. Just like a crow landing in a field.
Smart and engaging. Beautiful job.
Thank you for posting good content
16:15 thank me later. The entire presentation covered a lot of existing materials and did not speak to the future in any (if you'll pardon the pun) material way.
I feel like even that stuff I've known about for a while.
"Very boring-k black liquid"
She puts K's behind (some) words that end with "ing". Moving-k, Shape changing-k , working-k, using-k.
Funny.
Business ethics to gain experience while involved in civil law by hate crime does not have the same revenue purpose when insurance determines it a contrary purpose. Nor does U.S. Government foreign intelligence as intelligence cause a market price, or advertising target audience. Inherently as science cost and investment is a concept of research and development producing a prototype.
Reactive materials more precise
Would water be considered a smart material? It responds to things like pressure and temperature, it can be manipulated using various forces, etc.
piezos in trainers powering smartphones? maybe if you run a few marathons each day. under normal circumstances there isn´t nearly enough output to charge anything as power hungry as a smartphone.
Intellectually attractive people deserve more traction online. Big thumbs-up from me.
Who's here for homework ://
You omitted "humans" in your list of material, which is funny given humans is what smart materials are really meant to interact with and devolve.
It is always pleasure to hear a real scientist. Specially material scientist. Nature is simple and you put it simply. if man’s technology progress to see high resolution at atomic level. You would see why smart material behave the way they do. Well done. MG1
Amazing presentation, clear understanding of this topic and I was engaged the entire time. Thank you for sharing this video.
I'm mildly disappointed that I learned about these materials as a child nearly two decades ago and I wished there was at least something new discovered about them. If nothing else, I'm satisfied with being introduced to the concept of using them in *transforming vehicles* though!
Nice video. I came here to get some insight of smart materials and ended up watching the half hour video.
Where's the liquid metal for our Terminator?
erparom .... It's right here..... ua-cam.com/video/8mJEsj3N50o/v-deo.html
Liquid metal is used on some CPUs between the chip and the lip to transfer heat to the surface (lid top) to be transferred to an air or liquid cooler. You can find it in select computer processors. Not Intel - they use a thermal paste, but think AMD. Maybe other makers? ;)
Fantastic Presentation. Thank you!
👌🏻
no STEM promotion as good as having your relative(s) from fields of engineering, the sciences or maths!
Modern aircraft's wings do change shape as they fly, both through the material properties and the flight control surfaces.
Also with evolution it's not the perfect design that survives, it's the one that's good enough to survive long enough to mate and have young survive. Bird wings aren't perfect, they are good enough to let them fly. Insect wings are much more successful as there are so many different versions.
Another point about bird wings, they're good for bird sized flight. We may have new materials that allow us to replicate bird wings on a larger scale, but the density of air doesn't scale up the same. Would you still get the same lift from bird like wings on an Airbus A380? Would the motion of the wings give the passengers a smooth flight?
From what I understand, insect wings are only good for persistent flapping. The shape of birds' wings are ideal for gliding and that's the exact type of wing planes rely on.
I imagine wings with this _smart_ technology would only be gently morphing to adapt to current circumstances. They could change shape depending on the stage of flight because, for example, there's an ideal shape for gaining altitude, cruising, and landing that are each different from one another.
The implementation alone suggests that the motion of the wings could be counteracting turbulence and therefore creating the smoothest flight possible for passengers.
It's not like she intends for planes to be flapping their wings to create lift or anything so extreme.
Enjoyed this very much. Ms. Anna Ploszajski was excellent with her presentation of Smart Materials. Very well done!
She’s a great science communicator.
Oh - You are good. Very good indeed.
Brilliant presentation.
She is so funny. I enjoyed that talk so much. Thank you Anna.
She is more than beautiful........She is Perfect!
I was already done at "invented radioactivity".
Greetings from Poland!
Hi!
Why aren't male astronauts allowed to cry?
Vibranium will change the way we fly.
Pretty much baaaaaaad! What the heck?
She's very, very good
Wonderful talk.
Anna Płoszajska.
Brava. Excellent presentation.
Can a material measuring ego?
brilliant presentation
Thank you
Whoa, hold on a sec ... I'd like to underline an EPIC FAIL by the speaker. While much of the lecture (the part I watched anyway) was fine, I take scientific exception to the bit at 12:25 where (shortly after confiding she hates flying) she justified her fears by stating that turbine blades routinely operate above their melting temperature. IMO that is, at best, a highly misleading and unnecessarily alarmist quasi-truth that suggests faulty understanding by the speaker. I was equally torn between incredulity, annoyance, and the urge to giggle. The faux pas made the rest of the lecture unwatchable for me, but for those who are interested, an explanation follows.
-------
EXPLANATION: I believe "Inconel" is an example of the sort of material she was alluding to ... from memory, it is a "super-alloy" metamaterial - a metallo-ceramic hybrid that is used in certain jet engine turbine blade applications because of its ability to retain high strength at incredible temperatures and stresses ... temps that exceed the melting point of at least one of the components that make up the alloy. Contrary to the insinuation by the speaker, it is not a valid concern in this particular instance. To illustate why consider common steel as an example, which in simplest form is an alloy of iron and carbon. Steel is far stronger than iron alone, and it maintains much of that strength perfectly well at temperatures far FAR above the point that the carbon by itself would rapidly burn away in the presence of oxygen as CO2 ... but when alloyed with iron (as steel) it does not because the molecular structure holds the carbon far more strongly that its potential to bind with oxygen, and thus the burning point of carbon is IRRELEVANT when bound in steel ... laughably so. The same analogy holds true for many alloys, with regards to the melting point of an individual component of said alloy.
If she was unable to grasp this relatively simple point of material science, then that somewhat undermined her suitability to have given the lecture in question. How embarassing.
-1
I'd welcome a response from someone well versed in materials science ... am I right or wrong to voice concern ? If wrong, please be specific.
Yep, the single crystal ceramic turbine blades are designed to operate at temperatures higher than those achieved in jet engines. The alloy forms a single crystal, that should withstand cracking through metal fatigue like conventional metals are prone to.
The blades are also grown with hundreds of cooling ducts running through the blade.
Whilst this over error was annoying, it didn't make the lecture unwatchable, it did make me take what she was saying with a pinch of salt on topics I was unfamiliar with.
I do also wonder why male astronauts are not allowed to cry.
Maxx B Thanks. Glad to hear I wasn't imagining things. The rest was unwatchable for me because the nature of the faux pas implied a deep fundamental flaw in her understanding of her own field of study. Something she needs to unlearn in a hurry if she hopes to be taken seriously by colleagues.
I felt nearly equal disappointment that the channel owner didnt catch the gaffe ... I have always expected better from the Royal Institute.
Everyone has a bad day now and then (I'm no exception), but like ... WOW. 🤔😳😖
Roving Punster I would have said wrong. Yes the alloy used and the construction both increase the melting point above those of most materials, but nevertheless, the exhaust turbine blades operate in a gas stream well above the melting point of even these exceptional materials. They do this by maintaining a thin layer of cool (comparatively) air over the entire surface of the blade. The high pressure stages have a bleed of air that bypasses the combustion area and is fed into the root of the turbine blade. From there it travels up the blade and out through pores on the surface, forming the protective layer.
www.me.umn.edu/labs/tcht/measurements/what.html
gasdive Thanks for the explanation.
I stand by my comment however, because your explanation simply reinforces the fact that the blades in question are doing exactly what they were designed to do, and are almost certainly well within tolerances during normal operation.
A more valid concern about air travel could have been the decline in recent years of federal inspectors monitoring compliance by carriers with proper maintenance procedures, and following up properly with corrective action requests.
Excellent presentation.
Love these talks! Are there audio only versions available?
We do try to podcast as many of these as possible, they're all hidden here, have a listen and see what you think - www.soundcloud.com/royal-institution/sets/ri-science-podcast
Thanks! I like listening to these while cooking or cleaning. They give me something to think about.
Gravijta agreed !!
is Anna a professor?
lmgtfy.com/?q=Anna+Ploszajski
Great lecture!