Meaning & History of the Lord's Supper

Поділитися
Вставка
  • Опубліковано 30 січ 2025

КОМЕНТАРІ • 189

  • @russellbailey5278
    @russellbailey5278 5 років тому +52

    thank you for encouraging people to be plugged in to a church. So many people are trying to be maverick Christians.

    • @JennConary
      @JennConary 5 років тому +1

      Yes, yes, yes!

    • @Just2362
      @Just2362 5 років тому

      I prefer to call myself Goose Christian.😜

    • @stefana9068
      @stefana9068 5 років тому

      So what happens if they drop the wafer? Or if they drop on the ground it break into small parts and fall into the sewers? What if an animal ate it before they picked it up?

    • @AbaloneKid
      @AbaloneKid 4 роки тому

      Russell;
      WE HAVE A HEAVENLY REASON TO LIVE!
      We are His witness on earth. Our life is in His hands. He IS the way to everlasting life.
      Jesus sang with His disciples at the last supper! Matthew chap 26: verses 26-30. He spoke of his death and burial and resurrection in the offering of the bread and wine!
      Matthew 26:
      26 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body.
      27 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it;
      28 For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.
      29 But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
      30 And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives.
      Saint Paul also shared a revelation God gave him of the last supper.
      1 Cor.11:
      23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered left you, that the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread:
      24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me.
      25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, this cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.
      26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come.
      27 Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.
      28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup.
      29 For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not understood the Lord's body.
      Jesus knew the next 24 hours would be the worst He could suffer but Jesus is mighty to save and the only Lord God and Savior. So Lets give Him all the glory.
      Isaiah chap 7: verse 14; therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Emmanuel (meaning: Hebrew: עִמָּנוּאֵל, "God with us" in human flesh as a man as well but w / o sin)
      Isaiah chap 9: verse 6 For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.
      John 14:
      1 Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in me.
      2 In my Father's house are many mansions: if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you.
      3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you left myself; that where I am, there ye
      may be also.
      4 And whither I go ye know, and the way ye know.
      5 Thomas said to Him, "Lord, we do not know where you are going, how do we know the way?
      6 Jesus saith without him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man comes to the Father, but by me
      BELIEVE: "The free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." See: * below
      Romans 10: 17 Then, faith comes by hearing and hearing by the word of God.
      John 3:
      16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten son, that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but has everlasting life.
      17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved
      "All have sinned, and have come short of the glory of God;" Romans chap 3: verse 23
      "The wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." Romans chap 6: verse 23
      "I am the way, the truth and the life: no one comes to the Father, but by me." (John 14.6)
      1 Cor. 15:
      3 "For I delivered denied you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures;
      4 And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures: "
      "In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace;" Ephesians. 1: 7
      "For this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins." Matthew chap 26: verse 28
      Ephesians 2: 8-9 "For it is by grace you have been saved through faith, and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God, not by works, so that no one can boast."
      Romans 10:
      9 If you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus, and believe in your heart that God has raised him from the dead, then you will be saved.
      10 For with the heart man believeth leaving righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made absent salvation.
      13 For whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved.
      Salvation, forgiveness of sins, is available to anyone who will trust in Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior. Those who have rejected the free gift of salvation (see John 3: 16-17 above) according to the Gospel of Jesus Christ will suffer judgment on their sins and eternal separation from God and the Family of God on earth and in Heaven forevermore.
      "Therefore, since we have been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ." Romans 5: 1

    • @brucekamminga9395
      @brucekamminga9395 4 роки тому

      @@AbaloneKid in none of these verses is anything said about us " coming to Jesus" until after the Holy Spirit "quickens us. In other words breathing life into our dead souls. It is only then will we respond to the preaching of the gospel.

  • @thinktank8286
    @thinktank8286 2 роки тому +5

    I have never, ever, in decades, heard a national platformed pastor tell people to prioritize their local pastor and a local congregation. So many local pastor's are under unfortunate comparison and competition with whomever media ministry that can be accessed. Thank you!

  • @Bonussister70
    @Bonussister70 4 роки тому +21

    First time here and the first statements you made about being part of a local church under local church leadership, what a blessing. You are the only person I have ever heard made this clear encouragement to all who would listen. God bless you for this.

    • @jgood3047
      @jgood3047 3 роки тому

      Amazing observation about Church leadership., Why then did the Reformation fail so miserably when the original Christian Church , that being catholic was the only leadership in town? Mr. White et al are just impostors claiming leadership. Not Biblical , only one Church, One Shepard

  • @mukeshscott3538
    @mukeshscott3538 Рік тому

    Excellent teaching. Praise the Lord.

  • @GeoffGordonStuart
    @GeoffGordonStuart 5 років тому +22

    I appreciate Dr Whites preaching. All the Church history stuff he puts in is always so interesting. Thanks for everything Apologia team. 🙏

  • @barelyprotestant5365
    @barelyprotestant5365 5 років тому +11

    This Anglo-Catholic is very thankful that ya'll aren't mere memorialists, and that ya'll receive the Blessed Sacrament every Sunday.

    • @barelyprotestant5365
      @barelyprotestant5365 5 років тому

      @deadlypj555 huh?

    • @jamespowell_km_kchs
      @jamespowell_km_kchs 5 років тому +5

      Correction: They do NOT receive the Blessed Sacrament every Sunday because they lack Holy Orders and they cannot confer the Sacrament, nor do they want to do it as it's been historically done. James White is a glorified layman.

    • @larspatrzalek7726
      @larspatrzalek7726 3 місяці тому

      you are talking old testament stof

  • @joshuadulac9557
    @joshuadulac9557 5 років тому +24

    St Irenaeus :
    “He took from among creation that which is bread, and gave thanks, saying, ‘This is my body.’ THE CUP LIKEWISE, WHICH IS FROM AMONG THE CREATION TO WHICH WE BELONG, HE CONFESSED TO BE HIS BLOOD. He taught the new sacrifice of the new covenant, of which Malachi, one of the twelve [minor] prophets, had signified beforehand: ‘You do not do my will, says the Lord Almighty, and I will not accept a sacrifice at your hands. For from the rising of the sun to its setting my name is glorified among the Gentiles, and in every place incense is offered to my name, and a pure sacrifice; for great is my name among the Gentiles, says the Lord Almighty’ [Mal. 1:10-11]. By these words he makes it plain that the former people will cease to make offerings to God; but that in every place sacrifice will be offered to him, and indeed, a pure one, for his name is glorified among the Gentiles” (Against Heresies 4:17:5 [A.D. 189])
    “If the Lord were from other than the Father, how could he rightly TAKE BREAD, WHICH IS OF THE SAME CREATION AS OUR OWN, AND CONFESS IT TO BE HIS BODY AND AFFIRM THAT THE MIXTURE IN THE CUP IS HIS BLOOD?” (Against Heresies 4:33-32 [A.D. 189])
    “He has declared the cup, a part of creation, to be his own blood, from which he causes our blood to flow; and the bread, a part of creation, he has established as his own body, from which he gives increase unto our bodies. When, therefore, the mixed cup [wine and water] and the baked bread RECEIVES THE WORD OF GOD AND BECOMES THE EUCHARIST, THE BODY OF CHRIST, and from these the substance of our flesh is increased and supported, how can they say that the flesh is not capable of receiving the gift of God, which is eternal life-flesh which is nourished by the body and blood of the Lord, and is in fact a member of him?” (ibid., 5:2)
    St Ignatius of Antioch :
    “Take note of those who hold heterodox opinions on the grace of Jesus Christ which has come to us, and see how contrary their opinions are to the mind of God… They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer BECAUSE THEY DO NOT CONFESS THAT THE EUCHARIST IS THE FLESH OF OUR SAVIOR JESUS CHRIST, flesh which suffered for our sins and which that Father, in his goodness, raised up again. They who deny the gift of God are perishing in their disputes” (Letter to the Smyrnaeans 6:2-7:1 [A.D. 110])
    Council of Nicaea I :
    “It has come to the knowledge of the holy and great synod that, in some districts and cities, the deacons administer the Eucharist to the presbyters [i.e., priests], whereas neither canon nor custom permits that they who have no right to offer [the Eucharistic sacrifice] should give THE BODY OF CHRIST to them that do offer [it]” (Canon 18 [A.D. 325])
    St Cyril of Jerusalem :
    “The bread and the wine of the Eucharist before the holy invocation of the adorable Trinity were simple bread and wine, but the invocation having been made, THE BREAD BECOMES THE BODY OF CHRIST AND THE WINE THE BLOOD OF CHRIST” (Catechetical Lectures 19:7 [A.D. 350])
    “Do not, therefore, regard the bread and wine as simply that; FOR THEY ARE, ACCORDING TO THE MASTER’S DECLARATION, THE BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST. EVEN THOUGH THE SENSES SUGGEST TO YOU THE OTHER, LET FAITH MAKE YOU FIRM. Do not judge in this matter by taste, but be fully assured by the faith, not doubting that you have been deemed worthy of the body and blood of Christ. . . . [Since you are] fully convinced that the apparent bread is not bread, even though it is sensible to the taste, but the body of Christ, and that the apparent wine is not wine, even though the taste would have it so, . . . partake of that bread as something spiritual, and put a cheerful face on your soul” (ibid., 22:6, 9)
    St Augustine :
    “CHRIST WAS CARRIED IN HIS OWN HANDS when, referring to his own body, he said, ‘This is my body’ [Matt. 26:26]. For he carried that body in his hands” (Explanations of the Psalms 33:1:10 [A.D. 405])
    “I promised you [new Christians], who have now been baptized, a sermon in which I would explain the sacrament of the Lord’s Table. . . . THAT BREAD WHICH YOU SEE ON THE ALTAR, HAVING BEEN SANCTIFIED BY THE WORD OF GOD, IS THE BODY OF CHRIST. THAT CHALICE, OR RATHER, WHAT IS IN THAT CHALICE, HAVING BEEN SANCTIFIED BY THE WORD OF GOD, IS THE BLOOD OF CHRIST” (Sermons 227 [A.D. 411])
    “What you see is the bread and the chalice; THAT IS WHAT YOUR OWN EYES REPORT TO YOU. BUT WHAT YOUR FAITH OBLIGES YOU TO ACCEPT IS THAT THE BREAD IS THE BODY OF CHRIST AND THE CHALICE IS THE BLOOD OF CHRIST. This has been said very briefly, which may perhaps be sufficient for faith; yet faith does not desire instruction” (ibid., 272)
    Council of Ephesus :
    “We will necessarily add this also. Proclaiming the death, according to the flesh, of the only-begotten Son of God, that is Jesus Christ, confessing his resurrection from the dead, and his ascension into heaven, WE OFFER THE UNBLOODY SACRIFICE IN THE CHURCHES, AND SO GO ON TO THE MYSTICAL THANKSGIVINGS, AND ARE SANCTIFIED, HAVING RECEIVED HIS HOLY FLESH AND THE PRECIOUS BLOOD OF CHRIST THE SAVIOR OF US ALL. AND NOT AS COMMON FLESH DO WE RECEIVE IT; GOD FORBID: NOR AS OF A MAN SANCTIFIED AND ASSOCIATED WITH THE WORD ACCORDING TO THE UNITY OF WORTH, OR AS HAVING A DIVINE INDWELLING, BUT AS TRULY THE LIFE-GIVING AND VERY FLESH OF THE WORD HIMSELF. For he is the life according to his nature as God, and when he became united to his flesh, he made it also to be life-giving” (Session 1, Letter of Cyril to Nestorius [A.D. 431])
    ’’For we walk by faith, not by sight’’ 2 Cor 5:7

    • @sumbarine
      @sumbarine 5 років тому +10

      The didache,the oldest book perhaps in christianity,refers to the eucharist as "spiritual food and drink" tertulian----this is my my body,that is the SYMBOL of my body ...
      clement of alexandria---the scripture accordingly has named wine the symbol of his sacred blood origen---we have a symbol of gratitude to god in the bread we call the eucharist Justin martyr---the bread which christ gave us as remembrance of his body...he taught us in the eucharist in COMMEMORATION of his blood Augustine----although it need be visibly celebrated,yet it must be spiritually understood...he comitted and delivered to his disciples the figure(symbol) of his body and blood except you eat of the flesh of the son of man...it is therefore a figure or sybol On christian doctrine 3.16.24

    • @sumbarine
      @sumbarine 5 років тому +2

      cyril letter gave a opinion and a ambigious one,is he talking about christ himself when he came on earth or the eucharist ? ephesus was called to deal with the hypostatic union of Christ and not the eucharist. as was pointed out in the ist millenium,nobody worshopped the eucharist. the real presemce does not necesarily mean a corpreal one

    • @SuperrBoyful
      @SuperrBoyful 2 роки тому

      I see Catholic doctrine everywhere

  • @berniepfitzner487
    @berniepfitzner487 3 роки тому +6

    Luther was not willing to compromise. Zwingli denied Jesus words and thus Luther didn't want to affirm Zwingli in his error.

    • @onwave
      @onwave Рік тому +1

      Thank God for Luther not compromising on the Word.

  • @B.A.D4Life
    @B.A.D4Life 5 років тому +3

    Thx you sir, I appreciate your sensitivity to the Scriptures concerning the local church.

  • @cesarchavez9897
    @cesarchavez9897 5 років тому +2

    I really enjoyed this sermon as most of brother James. God bless you brother.

  • @friendlyfire7509
    @friendlyfire7509 Рік тому +1

    Semper reformanda! Soli Dei gloria!

  • @ameliacoburn4787
    @ameliacoburn4787 3 роки тому +3

    Great message!!!! I love the idea of taking communion every week! I personally would add that those who want to take communion should also be baptized (or at least have a plan to be baptized soon) since this is also a command of the Lord and those who have not been baptized are technically not being obedient. Also, I'm curious if the church there has people come forward for communion? Rather than pass it like most other Protestant/Baptist churches? It was implied by a comment but it wasn't clear. Interested to know!

    • @andrewwhyte4753
      @andrewwhyte4753 2 роки тому

      Yep, weekly communion at mass and after going to confession is a must.

    • @ameliacoburn4787
      @ameliacoburn4787 2 роки тому +1

      @@andrewwhyte4753 you need to watch James White's debates with a Catholic if that's what you're doing. If you're doing it as merit or to somehow atone for your sins you're missing the point entirely.

  • @samgott8689
    @samgott8689 3 роки тому +1

    These ads every five minutes are unacceptable, UA-cam!

  • @derickharman9820
    @derickharman9820 5 років тому +8

    Love this. I wish yall would do a history of all the doctrines we believe as reformed baptist.

  • @ColeSlaw580
    @ColeSlaw580 Рік тому +1

    Apologia, your ad settings are way too high on this video.

  • @jamespowell_km_kchs
    @jamespowell_km_kchs 5 років тому +4

    “We call this food Eucharist, and no one else is permitted to partake of it, except one who believes our teaching to be true and who has been washed in the washing which is for the remission of sins and for regeneration [i.e., has received baptism] and is thereby living as Christ enjoined. For not as common bread nor common drink do we receive these; but since Jesus Christ our Savior was made incarnate by the word of God and had both flesh and blood for our salvation, so too, as we have been taught, the food which has been made into the Eucharist by the Eucharistic prayer set down by him, and by the change of which our blood and flesh is nurtured, is both the flesh and the blood of that incarnated Jesus” (St. Justin Martyr - First Apology 66 [A.D. 151]).

  • @molitorsk
    @molitorsk Рік тому

    Thank you for this wonderful sermon. I live in Cadillac Michigan - I can not find a church such as yours. What is a reformed church? do you have churches you could recommend? Thank you.

  • @johnemmerich7075
    @johnemmerich7075 5 років тому +2

    A critique of “consubstantiation”
    The problem with consubstantiation boils down to two central points:
    1. It attempts to claim Christ is “really present,” but then denies a truly bodily (physical) component to that presence. That makes no sense. If Christ is merely “spiritually” present, which is what consubstantiation suggests, then he is not wholly present. Christ can “appear in another form” as we see in Mark 16:12 when he appeared to Clopas and the unnamed disciple on the road to Emmaus, but if it is truly and really Christ-body, blood, soul and divinity-there must be what Pope Paul VI called in Mysterium Fidei a truly “physical” reality to our understanding of that “true presence.” Otherwise, there would be no real distinction between that presence and the presence of Christ in his word or in us as Christians.
    2. Consubstantiation ultimately denies the word of Jesus Christ who said, “This is my body . . . This . . . is the new covenant in my blood” when he instituted the Eucharist in Luke 22:19-20. “Consubstantiation” claims Jesus was still holding bread and wine in his hands-even though it also claims a sort of undefined “real presence” alongside the bread-but Jesus declares the “bread” and “wine” to be his body and blood. Unless we are having some trouble with the meaning or use of the word “is” Christ’s words in context are very clear. Christ is presenting himself as the New Covenant “lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world” who must be consumed in order for the people of God to participate in his saving sacrifice (John 6:53). This is the language of the real presence, including the bodily part, not the language of either consubstantiation or pure symbol

    • @johnemmerich7075
      @johnemmerich7075 4 роки тому +2

      @Ναζωραῖος Jesus never said that he was a true door or a true tree. He did however say my blood is true drink in my body is true Food

  • @VupzyPlays
    @VupzyPlays 5 років тому +37

    White is the type of guy you’ll be reading about thousands of years later like some of the early church fathers.

    • @MakeAmericaNiceAgainPlz
      @MakeAmericaNiceAgainPlz 5 років тому +8

      Been thinking the same thing too. The man is truly a gift to the church. A Renaissance man who does textual critism, apologetics, church history and a seasoned elder.

    • @JAWesquire373
      @JAWesquire373 4 роки тому +7

      Have you read the early church fathers? White is nowhere close

    • @SuperrBoyful
      @SuperrBoyful 2 роки тому

      The Early Church Fathers were all clearly Catholic.
      James White eldest sister converted out of Calvinism into the Catholic Church after seeing the clear historical evidence away from the heretical Protestant Reformers.

    • @jenniebars6575
      @jenniebars6575 Рік тому

      Amen. Dr. White is famous for mocking God I could not watch the whole talk. Satan attacks and mocks the Catholic church and so does he!

    • @jeremynethercutt206
      @jeremynethercutt206 Рік тому +2

      I agree, he is one of our few examples that we could even think of something such as this, he stands with scripture and it’s true meaning better than anyone I have ever ever heard!! Praise God!! Sola deo Gloria!

  • @AnUnhappyBusiness
    @AnUnhappyBusiness 3 роки тому +2

    Zwingli was so much more mature in his thoughts that less than a year after the Colloquy he denied half of the 14 doctrines he affirmed… or he was lying when he agreed.

  • @setapart3452
    @setapart3452 4 роки тому

    I am trying to understand you, but could you help me out with my questions.
    1. If it is meant to be bread, then why is there so much versions ?
    What is it meant to be, bread, a round wafer, cracker ? What is it ?
    2. How often should it be taken ?
    3. What is the recipe ?
    4. Should it be grape juice or wine ?
    5. Who's hands made this bread, cracker or wafer ?
    6. How does it affect and enhance the spiritual man ?
    7. What goes in the body, does it not pass out into the toilet ?
    8. What happens if you cant get hold of this bread, cracker or wafer, especially with this lockdown ?
    9. Who is eligible to partake ?
    10. Is it open to everyone ?

  • @potatesalad
    @potatesalad Рік тому

    Wait, can someone explain what he meant by saying "they delivered the body and blood to the sick but then didn't venerate it afterwards" means? Is he indicating they threw away the leftovers that didn't make it to a sick person? Also where is he getting this from? Is this written about somewhere by an early church father?

  • @djfan08
    @djfan08 5 років тому +12

    So much focus on Roman Catholicism and its innovations to the ancient faith. Dr. White you are correct in saying the Church Fathers did not believe in "transubstantiation." But, they did, as the Eastern Orthodox do, believe that the elements are filled up with Christ and hence become the literal body and blood. Literally every early Father believed they were eating and drinking the real body and blood of our Lord.

    • @djfan08
      @djfan08 5 років тому +3

      @@retrograd332 no, the Orthodox believe more in libe with what Lutherans and Anglicans believe. Only Rome teaches transubstantiation.

    • @djfan08
      @djfan08 5 років тому +3

      @KTTGHMTJWYCBLAC well, im not here to defend the heterodox Roman Catholic Church. Nuns say all sorts of funny things. Fact is every single early father believed the Eucharist was the body and blood of Jesus. Is it a memorial? Of course! Its both and. Not either or.

    • @oldwarrant4
      @oldwarrant4 5 років тому

      @@djfan08 The Orthodox believe that the Holy Eucharist is the real presence of Christ. The RCs just believe it happens on a more specific time during the consecration. The Orthodox definitely do not believe the same thing as the Lutherans and Anglicans.

    • @jamespowell_km_kchs
      @jamespowell_km_kchs 5 років тому +2

      Uuuuuuuh what you just described IS Transubstantiation. Come on.

    • @ssbmgreenp3pper653
      @ssbmgreenp3pper653 5 років тому

      Y’all are misunderstanding him. Transubstantiation teaches that the elements are changed, but Orthodoxy, like Anglicanism and Lutheranism, teaches something akin to cosubstantiation.

  • @smackerindignity
    @smackerindignity 2 роки тому +1

    Man, I really wish I could "re-like" this video every time I watch it!

  • @jamieofalltrades536
    @jamieofalltrades536 5 років тому +3

    Go you therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.

    • @celinamilian
      @celinamilian 5 років тому

      @@michelhaineault6654 Take a look at John 14

  • @ThePaulKM
    @ThePaulKM 6 місяців тому

    Why do you have so many advertisements on your sermon videos? It's very distracting.

  • @esper1096
    @esper1096 2 роки тому

    There is a moral to the bee and wafer story. As the bees were to the wafer, so is the church and their practice of communion.

  • @walsh785
    @walsh785 2 роки тому +1

    Everytime I watch James White speak at Jeff's church there's always kids screaming. Can we keep them quiet please? It's a major distraction. God bless your ministry.

  • @Nolongeraslave
    @Nolongeraslave 4 роки тому +2

    Where on earth can I have these series in a printed form to refer to when necessary?

  • @jonathanrocha2275
    @jonathanrocha2275 Рік тому

    By the Scriptures alone, I just don’t see how the Lord’s table gets somehow transformed to the body and blood of Jesus. As far as I can tell, as someone who is honestly willing to be taught, Paul and the Gospel writers seem to say nothing about that. Am I wrong? Can you show me?

  • @noorez
    @noorez 4 роки тому

    Who was the first to invoke the idea that real presence meant transubstantiation rather than 'Jesus is present with us' ? How did the idea spread to the rest of the church and eventually end up being declared dogma at a council?

    • @acolytes777
      @acolytes777 4 роки тому

      In the 8th and 9th century it started with the frankish monk ratrammus. The development further flourished with aquinas after the acquirement of the Aristotlean philosophies through albert the great.

  • @AbaloneKid
    @AbaloneKid 4 роки тому +2

    WE HAVE A HEAVENLY REASON TO LIVE!
    We are His witness on earth. Our life is in His hands. He IS the way to everlasting life.
    Jesus sang with His disciples at the last supper! Matthew chap 26: verses 26-30. He spoke of his death and burial and resurrection in the offering of the bread and wine!
    Matthew 26:
    26 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body.
    27 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it;
    28 For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.
    29 But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
    30 And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives.
    Saint Paul also shared a revelation God gave him of the last supper.
    1 Cor.11:
    23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered left you, that the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread:
    24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me.
    25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, this cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.
    26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come.
    27 Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.
    28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup.
    29 For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not understood the Lord's body.
    Jesus knew the next 24 hours would be the worst He could suffer but Jesus is mighty to save and the only Lord God and Savior. So Lets give Him all the glory.
    Isaiah chap 7: verse 14; therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Emmanuel (meaning: Hebrew: עִמָּנוּאֵל, "God with us" in human flesh as a man as well but w / o sin)
    Isaiah chap 9: verse 6 For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.
    John 14:
    1 Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in me.
    2 In my Father's house are many mansions: if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you.
    3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you left myself; that where I am, there ye
    may be also.
    4 And whither I go ye know, and the way ye know.
    5 Thomas said to Him, "Lord, we do not know where you are going, how do we know the way?
    6 Jesus saith without him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man comes to the Father, but by me
    BELIEVE: "The free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." See: * below
    Romans 10: 17 Then, faith comes by hearing and hearing by the word of God.
    John 3:
    16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten son, that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but has everlasting life.
    17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved
    "All have sinned, and have come short of the glory of God;" Romans chap 3: verse 23
    "The wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." Romans chap 6: verse 23
    "I am the way, the truth and the life: no one comes to the Father, but by me." (John 14.6)
    1 Cor. 15:
    3 "For I delivered denied you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures;
    4 And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures: "
    "In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace;" Ephesians. 1: 7
    "For this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins." Matthew chap 26: verse 28
    Ephesians 2: 8-9 "For it is by grace you have been saved through faith, and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God, not by works, so that no one can boast."
    Romans 10:
    9 If you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus, and believe in your heart that God has raised him from the dead, then you will be saved.
    10 For with the heart man believeth leaving righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made absent salvation.
    13 For whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved.
    Salvation, forgiveness of sins, is available to anyone who will trust in Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior. Those who have rejected the free gift of salvation (see John 3: 16-17 above) according to the Gospel of Jesus Christ will suffer judgment on their sins and eternal separation from God and the Family of God on earth and in Heaven forevermore.
    "Therefore, since we have been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ." Romans 5: 1

  • @Jacob-hr2vf
    @Jacob-hr2vf 2 роки тому +3

    This is my body, and this is my blood. Enough said. Stop misleading people.

    • @christopherallen6036
      @christopherallen6036 2 роки тому

      Tell us you didn’t watch the full video without telling us you didn’t watch the full video.

    • @Jacob-hr2vf
      @Jacob-hr2vf 2 роки тому +1

      @@christopherallen6036 I got about 45 minutes in. Shaytans surround him; he needs Holy Absolution.

    • @AnneofAvonlea
      @AnneofAvonlea 3 місяці тому

      I am the door I am the gate . Quit misleading people.
      And and eat this scroll , yes eat it!

  • @brucekamminga9395
    @brucekamminga9395 4 роки тому

    I see Christ having the last supper with the disciples where He says do this til I come again. The I see Christ having supper with the disciples shortly after His resurrection. Where in the new testament is it practiced after that?

    • @Psalm144.1
      @Psalm144.1 4 роки тому

      Acts 2:42, 1 Corinthians (referenced throughout).

    • @brucekamminga9395
      @brucekamminga9395 4 роки тому +1

      @@Psalm144.1 do these not reference the sharing of meals together? Surely you are not implying the crumb of bread or crackers and a shot glass of wine or grape juice? They , like Christ , ate a meal , prayed, sang some time s, discussed the old Testament writing and later the letters of instruction by the apostles. There was an intamacy in worship with in a neighborhood at an evening meal, where daily struggle and frustrations were shares and support and encouragement given. There is nothing like that in the "Church Made in America" ! We are Christians but we have never been invited to be , assimilated into a body of believers. It's Sunday nice and then nothing all week ,month year kinda thing. At least when we were in the world we had others that shared their lives and meals with us and us with them. Church people don't. That's why I can't see the connection with what Dr White's sermon and Christ's command to those at the table with Him. What ,and the early Church did has no resemblance to what is going on today.

  • @wynandlouw6222
    @wynandlouw6222 5 років тому +2

    Baptists don't guard the table because for them there is functionally little place for the Lord's supper, since their non-covenantal baptism fulfills the same purpose as the supper.
    Baptism fulfills the same purpose as circumcision in the Old Testament, and the Lord's supper that of the Passover.
    Because Baptists don't get this, the two sort of merge into one concept

  • @RynTinTin143
    @RynTinTin143 5 років тому +3

    Please sir, point out to me the context and scriptures that prevent persons under discipline from pastors and elders from taking part in the Lords supper. Thank you

  • @ste-fitzgerald
    @ste-fitzgerald 5 років тому +3

    I heard you say go to a reformed church. What is a reformed church?
    I have never seen that in my bible. Its an honest question as I don't know what it means.

    • @joelunderhill126
      @joelunderhill126 5 років тому +2

      It just means that they are calvanist

    • @ste-fitzgerald
      @ste-fitzgerald 5 років тому

      @@joelunderhill126 Thanks for your reply. What does Calvanist mean. I haven't read that in my bible either? I know the Lord Jesus says you must be born again which is great but Calvanist?

    • @joelunderhill126
      @joelunderhill126 5 років тому

      I would take a look at spr1ggin's link. That will be a much better explination then i can give

    • @bryanbridges2987
      @bryanbridges2987 5 років тому

      @Odd Fish Aren't all Presbyterians reformed?

    • @gregb6469
      @gregb6469 5 років тому

      @@bryanbridges2987 -- No, some Presbyterians are apostates.

  • @riverjao
    @riverjao 4 роки тому +2

    I love and appreciate Dr. White but I don’t really get the thing which he was saying about the church in the Netherlands because in my experience Calvinists in general don’t subjectively experience security in salvation because they never really seem to know whether or not they are actually elect/saved 🤷‍♂️

    • @riverjao
      @riverjao 4 роки тому

      ​@@ahrydai1745 I appreciate your kind words. And actually I live in western Michigan which is basically The Netherlands of the US. My neighbors on both sides are actually from the Netherlands and are Dutch Reformed. Nonetheless, I would say that theologically it's not good enough to say that whoever the elect are, they have assurance of salvation. This is not the scriptural teaching. Scripture plainly and repeatedly teaches that we can know beyond any shadow of doubt that we are children of God and thus we have full assurance of our salvation and full assurance of knowing that we are children of God. I don't see anything in Scripture which teaches that we can't know if we are children of God or not.

    • @riverjao
      @riverjao 4 роки тому

      @@ahrydai1745 Thanks Brother! Blessings!

    • @brucekamminga9395
      @brucekamminga9395 4 роки тому +1

      You are correct. My wife and I grew up in a Dutch Reformed church and the crumbs of a gospel message were given but the assurance of your salvation was based on the works they saw you perform. I e going to church every Sunday, sending your child to Christian School. Etc. But baptising your infant assured their salvation, at least up to them becoming of age. And then only if they had been catacised and made profession of faith. After which the correct display of works came into play for them also.

    • @saintaugustine4104
      @saintaugustine4104 3 роки тому

      @@brucekamminga9395 it’s because of neonomianism. Treating the gospel as if it is law.

  • @TJMcCarty
    @TJMcCarty Рік тому

    Irenaeus used the fact that the Eucharist becomes the Body and Blood of Christ to argue for why our earthly bodies will live forever because our flesh is able to consume the Body and Blood of Christ which contains eternal life.
    Dr. White is just not being honest here or he's just wrong.
    I'm saying this as a Protestant.

  • @carolfoster6990
    @carolfoster6990 5 років тому +2

    I need a recommendation for a reformed church in Sedona, Arizona. Thank you!

    • @evalenahoover5785
      @evalenahoover5785 5 років тому

      I looked and,of course you will have to contact them and go and see for yourself but there are two that say they are reformed and look it, from their website, in Flagstaff, about 48 min from you. I know that's kinda far, but it was the closest I could find. I will keep my eyes and ears open, but I pray you find one as Biblically Believing as the one I go to. The best looking thus far is Flagstaff Christian Fellowship the other is Hope Community Church whose website simply states they are members of the Cristian Reformed Church of North America, of course when your website is little longer than a screenshot, it's hard to put alot on there
      I will keep you in my prayers. Another thing you might want to do is go on the website biblebb.com it has graduates of Masters
      seminary and like minded churches to John Macarthur's church.

  • @shellyblanchard5788
    @shellyblanchard5788 5 років тому +1

    He was really talking to his disciples about remembering his death till he came back from the dead through the bread and the wine.
    They didn't believe was coming back from the dead. Luke 24.

    • @elitecaosuk3141
      @elitecaosuk3141 5 років тому

      No he wasn't because the church after the Lord's ascension continued to partake in the Lord's Supper as seen in Paul's letters to the Corinthians. The instruction is to do this in remembrance of Him until He returns on the great day of the Lord.

    • @shellyblanchard5788
      @shellyblanchard5788 5 років тому

      @@elitecaosuk3141 Most people think that way. If you read the scripture again he said he said he would he wouldn't drink of it again until he drank it new in the kingdom. Jesus said to do remembrance of him till he came back. He rose from the dead on the 3rd day. It didn't say about them doing it again. None of believed that he was coming back from the dead.
      They went to see if he did after the sabbath day because they keeping these old traditions.
      It was hard for them to accept his teaching that he was going to come back. Yes people want to believe in that way. So they take of the bread and grape juice.
      His kingdom has come. We are under the new covenant of Christ.
      There is nothing wrong with it if want to do it. It is just a symbolic of it.

    • @johnwarren3789
      @johnwarren3789 5 років тому +1

      Acts 2:42
      And they devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayers.
      They devoted themselves. Its obviously talking of the lords supper. Not just a common meal. This is God inspired writing telling us, They devoted themselves to doctrine, prayer, fellowship, and the breaking of bread.
      4 foundational devotions of a group of believers ie. A Church

    • @shellyblanchard5788
      @shellyblanchard5788 5 років тому

      @@johnwarren3789 I don't think he is telling everyone to do it because just like anyone death they want someone to remember somehow. Although Jesus was returning he wanted them his was for something. He told them it was for the new covenant in his blood that was shed for many, the bread was his body broken. When came he came back on the third day, he was really upset and that they were slow to believe all that was written of him in the law and the prophets. Luke 24.
      Sorry for the repeating it is this phone.🤗

    • @elitecaosuk3141
      @elitecaosuk3141 5 років тому

      @@shellyblanchard5788 but the passage John just quoted for you is in Acts, this is after Christ rose from the dead. So that means in light of scripture you have to re-evaluate your convictions on the matter. Let the scriptures be your guide and heed to the teaching of the church. If your private interpretation contradicts scripture then you need to submit to the authority of scripture.

  • @JORGE-pg6ro
    @JORGE-pg6ro 2 роки тому

    anyone have a link to the story of priests 15:50 where they licked the floor i couldn't find anything online

  • @saintaugustine4104
    @saintaugustine4104 3 роки тому +5

    “Hoc est ENIM corpus meum.”

  • @PandaEric
    @PandaEric 5 років тому

    I wish i could partake of the bread and wine

    • @ramiszinal5818
      @ramiszinal5818 5 років тому

      Dont you have christian friends ?

    • @shellyblanchard5788
      @shellyblanchard5788 5 років тому +3

      You can really do the bread and wine anytime. It is not really real thing.
      Problem is people have turned it into a ceremonial thing. It doesn't save. Only what Jesus did on the cross is what is it that saves, not a piece of bread and a thimble of grape juice.
      Jesus told his to remember him through this. They didn't think he was going to come back from the dead. He told them to do this till he come. He came back and they didn't recognise him. Luke 24.

  • @jessmarie1520
    @jessmarie1520 5 років тому +2

    Great sermon. Thank you

  • @oldwarrant4
    @oldwarrant4 5 років тому +4

    The Church has always believed in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist. That is documented especially in the writings of Justin Martyr, St. Cyril of Alexandria, and many more. I always find it curious that fundementalist, reformed Protestants will stand tall on the belief of the inerrancy and literal meaning of Scripture and ignore the words of Christ Himself when he says "This is my body..." He didn't say it was a symbol of his body, He said "Unless you eat my body and drink my blood you have no life in you". The early Christians all believed in the Real Presence to a man. In fact, there were many people who stopped following Christ when he said "Unless you eat my body..." The Romans were convinced that these Christians were practising cannibalism simply because of that widely known belief.
    The idea that Holy Communion is just a symbol is a reformation idea particularly from Ulrich Zwingli. In fact, Zwingli and Luther had a falling out on that very issue. Luther believed in the Real Presence as did Calvin.

  • @kylec8950
    @kylec8950 3 роки тому

    The Lord's Supper is a dramatized prayer, in which we call on God to keep the covenant; and a dramatized answer, in which He comes and feeds us.

  • @amiewestlake3805
    @amiewestlake3805 5 років тому +2

    Please read Dr. SCOTT Hahn book the last supper.

    • @fcastellanos57
      @fcastellanos57 5 років тому +3

      Amie Westlake
      Dr Scott does not analyze scripture correctly, he takes things out of context and introduces concepts to passages where they don’t exist.

    • @johnemmerich7075
      @johnemmerich7075 5 років тому

      @@fcastellanos57 not so Jesus says five times that is flesh is true Food and his blood is true drink. The Jews arguing amongst themselves saying that this is a hard saying because of this many of the people the disciples left Jesus choosing not to follow him. This is the first time in the Bible that disciples abandoned Jesus due to his teaching. He doubles down on it saying that unless you drink my blood and eat my flesh you have no life within. There were many times in the Bible that Jesus speaks symbolically. But when they didn't understand he corrected them and made it more clear. When he said my flesh is true Food and the blood is true drink he meant it literally. He then said to his apostles what if you saw the son of man ascending into heaven in other words if I can ascend into heaven I certainly can make bread and wine into my body and blood.I cannot see how any Protestant can look at these Bible verses and say that these were only symbolic. Also after he resurrected they didn't recognize him until when?only recognize him when they broke the bread and then at that point he ascended into heaven. They are absolutely no doubt that Jesus Christ was speaking literally and not symbolically

    • @fcastellanos57
      @fcastellanos57 5 років тому +1

      John Emmerich
      First, those people who turned around and left Jesus , they were there after a meal since the day before he fed 5000 plus, they really did not understand what Jesus said. Have you read John 6:35 ? Or John 7:37 ? Why is it that Catholics never look at these passages? They explain plainly what Jesus meant by eating and drinking of himself. You have to understand that Jesus was talking about spiritual realities not physical. Yes, we feed from Jesus but not physically but spiritually, our spirit is fed by the Spirit of God who is promised to those who accept him in faith as the only way to be reconciled with the Father. Tell me? Read those verses and tell me what you understand? Jesus even said that He is feeding of the Father, does he mean physically? Obviously not, he said just as I live because of the Father, those who believe in me will live because of me. We receive life from His Spirit, nothing miraculous happened during the last passover meal he spent with his disciples, Jesus changed the bread and wine symbols for himself to be remembered by.

    • @tricord2939
      @tricord2939 4 роки тому +1

      @@johnemmerich7075 You are making the same mistake Scott Hahn makes, you are not reading scripture in toto in context. Study Leviticus, Daniel and Hebrews, you will learn that there is no further need for earthly sacrifices and therefore the sacrificial priesthood. This study, if you are open to the truth, will bring clarity to John 6.
      Why do you only quote part of the chapter, a few verses and not the earlier verses and the verses thereafter? John 6 in context in toto refutes Rome’s story.

    • @marymcandrew947
      @marymcandrew947 3 роки тому

      @@fcastellanos57 No way

  • @friendlyfire7509
    @friendlyfire7509 Рік тому

    "How are you gonna clean G-d up?"

  • @dubbelkastrull
    @dubbelkastrull Рік тому

    37:17 bookmark

  • @ivansvintsitsky8787
    @ivansvintsitsky8787 4 роки тому

    Hold up... Dr. White is wearing a suit! Took me a minute to realize

  • @lindanicholason878
    @lindanicholason878 5 років тому +2

    # And Where Are Those Solid Biblical Churches??!!! # Russian Roulette!

  • @tahado1
    @tahado1 5 років тому

    It was a betrothal ceremony. The groom presents the ketubah (marriage contract) to the bride and pours a cup of wine. If she drinks that means she accepts and at that moment they are betrothed. It’s a kiddush cup, setting her apart. He then goes to his family land and builds the bridal chambers and gets her and presents her to his family and at the wedding he pours another cup of wine and drinks from it. The moment she drinks they were married. The last supper was a betrothal ceremony. Any Jewish person would recognize that. The bread being broken representing his body was illustrating how they cut a covenant in that time and culture. They would take an animal and cut it in half and walk between the cut flesh. God did this with Abraham.

    • @tahado1
      @tahado1 5 років тому

      When you take part in the bread and wine it is the bride of Christ taking part in the betrothal ceremony

  • @mattgardiner614
    @mattgardiner614 5 років тому

    Is it just me, or does James White look like Micheal Stipe?

    • @tricord2939
      @tricord2939 3 роки тому +2

      😂 and a little David Letterman.

  • @NoahAG
    @NoahAG 5 років тому

    Yeah my baptist church is not reformed and it does communion once a month.

    • @joshs.7612
      @joshs.7612 5 років тому

      A majority dont for sure .

  • @jamespowell_km_kchs
    @jamespowell_km_kchs 5 років тому

    At 10:40 to 11:20, eeeeeh wrong. Check this out.
    “Take note of those who hold heterodox opinions on the grace of Jesus Christ which has come to us, and see how contrary their opinions are to the mind of God. . . . They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer because they do not confess that the Eucharist is the flesh of our Savior Jesus Christ, flesh which suffered for our sins and which that Father, in his goodness, raised up again. They who deny the gift of God are perishing in their disputes” (St. Ignatius of Antioch - Letter to the Smyrnaeans 6:2-7:1 [A.D. 110]).

  • @markcyphus3292
    @markcyphus3292 3 роки тому

    When Christians eventually see Christ face to face, will any of this deep theology matter? Maybe the Catholic position is right, possibly the Protestant.. Jesus’s command was to “ take, eat” .. not necessarily to take eat and understand ..

    • @jenniebars6575
      @jenniebars6575 Рік тому

      Jesus is the living bread. I don't care if a person may not understand completely, but White is actually mocking God. I'm blessed to have come back to my Catholic faith. Thank you Lord Jesus for never leaving us, thank you giving us Holy priest and the bread of life in the Holy sacrifice of the Mass. Amen❤

  • @AZVIDE0Z
    @AZVIDE0Z 5 років тому +4

    John Calvin hated Anabaptists too lol

    • @dewaldkatzke625
      @dewaldkatzke625 5 років тому +2

      Yes and James White has spoken about that as well, seach James White Martin Luther and the dangers of sacralism

  • @AZVIDE0Z
    @AZVIDE0Z 5 років тому +2

    Reformation activity should have ceased upon authorship of the Book Of Common Prayer

  • @JimL2883
    @JimL2883 Рік тому

    Hard to listen with all those screaming kids. It’s a macho persona that says it’s ok to have screaming kids in service. No, it’s a distraction. Take them to another room.

  • @DavidMonierWilliams
    @DavidMonierWilliams 5 місяців тому

    You poor sod!

  • @maxfranks2541
    @maxfranks2541 3 роки тому

    Even Judas ate

    • @JamesMathison98
      @JamesMathison98 Рік тому

      And look what happened to him. He condemned himself

  • @4309chris
    @4309chris 5 років тому +1

    this poor man has so much pride he is blinded by it.

    • @SpenserRameo
      @SpenserRameo 5 років тому +1

      What about this sermon gives you that impression?

  • @jenniebars6575
    @jenniebars6575 Рік тому

    All I hear is the mocking of Jesus here. He sounds like Satan, bashing and mocking God's one True and Holy Cathoilc church. Terrible 😢😢😢

  • @jamesbranord2805
    @jamesbranord2805 5 років тому +5

    I didn't know this was a Calvinist channel.Unsubscribed

  • @lorraines5512
    @lorraines5512 5 років тому

    The kid talking, crying and screaming in congregation is so annoying. Even during prayer, parents didnt have respect. Hard to stay focused. How rude of parents not to take it out. I would not want to go to your church with that ruckus going on. Do you have a nursery? If so, have usher show them where it is. Parents arnt getting anything out of this lesson. Good lesson. Will listen to part2. Learned some things.

    • @CharlesSeraphDrums
      @CharlesSeraphDrums 5 років тому +1

      Lorraine Snare suffer the little children to come unto me.

    • @graydomn
      @graydomn 2 роки тому

      Children belong in worship. Parents have a duty to have their children in worship. Do not lead parents into temptation to warehouse their child during worship.

    • @robertcampbell1343
      @robertcampbell1343 2 роки тому

      You need a lesson in humility. Suffer the little children indeed. For all you know the child could be autistic, like MY 4 year old son who cannot stop screaming every Sunday morning I try to go into church. My wife watches the other 5 during the service, of course I take my son out quickly so you kinds of people can stay completely focused on not being distracted by rude people like me. This is are isolated from Protestant churches...and we cannot accept Roman Catholic or Orthodox teachings, so we don't have a local body. But go on enjoy your 'worship experience'.

  • @billmartin3561
    @billmartin3561 3 роки тому

    Another bashing of Catholic beliefs with no backup. You claim that because hosts are brought to those who can’t attend service and that is why Transubstantiation is not true? Weak and inaccurate argument. Read the early church fathers. Justin Martyr, Clement, Ignatious, etc...they universally believed the Eucharist became the flesh and blood of Jesus. As did the Apostles. Read John 6:51 on...unless you eat my flesh you have no life in you. Many of his disciples left after hearing this, but his Apostles stayed. YOU ARE THE DISCIPLE WHO LEFT JESUS, when you deny the reality of the Eucharist. Full stop.