3 | Step-by-Step Guide to Provision a Virtual Machine with Vagrant
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- Опубліковано 27 сер 2024
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Today we will learn:
What is meant by “Provision the VM”
How to Provision VM with Vagrant
This is a complete Beginner Tutorial
All notes and links in the Description
Provisioning a virtual machine means process of setting up and configuring a virtual machine with the necessary software and resources needed for a particular task or application
Settings on the VM to a desired state for a project or task
Provisioning can be done manually by logging into the VM and making the necessary changes, or
it can be automated using configuration management tools like Ansible, Chef, or Puppet
Automated provisioning can save time and ensure consistency across multiple VMs or environments
Vagrant allows for easy provisioning of VMs using configuration files called "Vagrantfiles" which specify the desired state of the VM
How to Provision the virtual machine
Can add the provision steps:
1. Within Vagrantfile
2. In a new file and provide location in Vagrantfile
Step 1 - Open Vagrantfile and add config.vm.provision block, add it to your Vagrantfile
Step 2 - Choose a provisioner. Vagrant supports several provisioners, including Shell, Ansible, Puppet, and Chef
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: ＜＜-SHELL
Add your provisioning commands here
SHELL
Step 3 - Add the commands you need to setup the VM (Install, Update, Configure)
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: ＜＜-SHELL
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apache2 -y
SHELL
Step 4 - Save Vagrantfile and start virtual machine vagrant up or vagrant reload (to restart machine)
Vagrant will read the Vagrantfile, and run the provisioning commands specified in the config.vm.provision block
From now onwards whenever you make any changes in the provision script can run command vagrant provision
This will only update the new changes (Ensure the VM is up when running this command)
Step 5 - Access your virtual machine vagrant ssh
Adding Provision script a new file and provide location in Vagrantfile:
To use Provision Script from external file:
Step 1 - Create a new file (e.g. provision.sh) and add the scripts to provision the VM
Step 2 - Provide location of the file Vagrantfile config.vm.provision :shell, path: "provision.sh"
Step 3 - If VM is already up can run the command vagrant provision
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That was really interesting to give a Quiz at the end of the video to keep motivated and curious for more learning. Thanks🙂
Glad it was helpful Sushma
best video i have seen so far. made the concepts look easy
Thanks a lot
Thanks raghav sir for this series brings this kind of tutorial
Most welcome
Nicely explained, Superb
Thanks Manoj
Hello, well done the video it's awesome but i face some issues when i ssh my provisioning VM. i try to follow you on windows 11 but when i ssh my provisioning VM, i have no answer.
For the SSH issue with your Vagrant provisioning VM on Windows 11. Here are steps to diagnose and resolve the problem:
1. Inspect VM Status:
- Check `vagrant status`: Verify that the VM is running and its IP address.
- Examine `vagrant up` output: Review the output for any errors related to SSH provisioning.
2. Verify Network Configuration:
- Check IP and Port: Ensure you're using the correct IP address and SSH port (usually 22) when connecting.
- Disable Firewall Temporarily: Temporarily disable Windows Firewall or configure it to allow SSH traffic.
- Check Network Adapter: If using a custom network adapter in Vagrantfile, ensure its configuration is correct.
3. Address SSH Key Issues:
- Generate Keys (if needed): If not already done, generate SSH keys using `ssh-keygen` and add the public key to the VM's authorized keys file.
- Check Key Paths: Verify that Vagrant is using the correct key paths (set in Vagrantfile or environment variables).
- Confirm Key Permissions: Ensure correct permissions for SSH keys on both host and guest systems.
4. Debugging Tips:
- Increase Verbosity: Use `vagrant ssh -v` for more detailed output during connection attempts.
- Test Manually: Try connecting directly with an SSH client like PuTTY to isolate Vagrant-specific issues.
- Examine Logs: Inspect Vagrant and VM logs for clues (e.g., `vagrant up --debug`).
Windows 11 Specific Considerations:
- Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL): If using WSL, ensure OpenSSH server is installed and running within WSL.
- Hyper-V Settings: Check Hyper-V Manager for network configuration and potential conflicts.
- VirtualBox: If using VirtualBox, ensure network adapters are configured correctly (e.g., NAT or Bridged).
Additional Troubleshooting Steps:
- Restart VM and Services: Restart the VM and related services (Vagrant, Hyper-V, VirtualBox) to clear potential glitches.
- Review Vagrantfile: Double-check SSH configuration and network settings within your Vagrantfile.
- Update Vagrant: Ensure you're using the latest Vagrant version.
Thank you
Most welcome
Hi Raghav, I am following this from today I have one question what is the automation here?how this tool can help automation testers? This is intresting but weanted to know use for Testers?
Thanks again for so much hard efforts you put, this is completely new to me.
Hi Kavita
Vagrant is a tool that is primarily used for creating and managing VMs and development environments. While Vagrant itself may not be directly focused on automation testing, it can be a valuable tool for automation testers in a few ways:
1. Reproducible Environments: Vagrant allows you to define and share development environments as code, using configuration files known as "Vagrantfiles." This means you can easily create and provision identical development environments for your automation tests. It ensures consistency across different testing environments, reducing the chances of environment-related issues impacting your test results.
2. Collaboration: With Vagrant, you can share the Vagrantfiles with your team members, ensuring everyone is using the same development environment. This helps in collaborative test automation, as team members can work on the same environment setup and easily share their test scripts, configurations, and dependencies.
3. Sandbox Testing: Vagrant makes it easy to create isolated and disposable environments for testing. You can quickly spin up a virtual machine with specific configurations, install required dependencies, and execute your automated tests. After testing, you can discard the environment, ensuring a clean and controlled testing environment for each run.
4. Test Environment Setup: Automation testers often need to set up complex test environments with specific configurations, databases, servers, or services. Vagrant simplifies this process by automating the setup and provisioning of the required resources. It allows you to define the exact environment you need for your tests and reproduce it easily across different machines.
5. Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD): Vagrant integrates well with popular CI/CD tools like Jenkins, allowing you to automate the creation and deployment of test environments as part of your CI/CD pipeline. This ensures consistent and controlled test environments for your automated tests in a repeatable manner.
In summary, while Vagrant itself may not be an automation testing tool, it provides automation testers with the ability to create, manage, and share consistent and reproducible test environments. It simplifies the setup, provisioning, and collaboration aspects of test automation, enabling testers to focus more on writing and executing automated tests effectively
@@RaghavPal thanks for quick response & thank you so much for detail description it helped a lot to understand it.
Its great videos. How can we add dual stack (ipv4 &ipv6) in vagrant file.
Zaheer
Here's how to configure dual stack (IPv4 and IPv6) networking in a Vagrantfile:
1. Enable IPv6 in the Provider Configuration:
- VirtualBox:
- Ensure IPv6 is enabled in your VirtualBox settings.
- Add `config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|` and `vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnshostresolver1", "on"]` to your Vagrantfile.
- Other Providers:
- Consult specific provider documentation for IPv6 configuration instructions.
2. Configure Network Interfaces:
- Private Network:
```ruby
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.0.0.10", netmask: "255.255.255.0"
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "fd12::10", netmask: "64", type: "dhcp"
```
- Public Network (Bridged):
```ruby
config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.1.100", netmask: "255.255.255.0"
config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "fd12::100", netmask: "64", bridge: "en0"
```
3. Customize DHCP Configuration (Optional):
- Specify DNS Servers:
```ruby
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnsproxy1", "on"]
vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnshostresolver1", "on"]
end
```
4. Provision for IPv6:
- Use provisioning tools like Ansible or shell scripts to configure IPv6 settings within the guest machine.
5. Verify Configuration:
- After `vagrant up`, check network interfaces within the guest machine to confirm IPv6 addresses and connectivity.
Additional Tips:
- DHCPv6 Server: If your provider supports it, consider using a DHCPv6 server for dynamic IPv6 address assignment.
- Multiple Interfaces: IPv6 supports multiple interfaces per network, allowing for flexible configurations.
- Firewall Rules: Adjust firewall rules to accommodate IPv6 traffic.
- Provider-Specific Settings: Refer to provider documentation for advanced IPv6 networking options.
Remember to adapt network addresses, netmasks, and interface names to your specific setup and provider requirements.
Hello Raghav, When are you going to start a new online REST API Batch. Please let me know
Hi Asin, will not be doing any LIVE batch soon, but you can find all tutorials here - automationstepbystep.com/
Hi, what version of macos are you using? Is it Sierra? Im running new versionof macos ie ventura however these instructions should work in general for macos but during setup there are issues with virtualbox 6.1 - 7.0.2 maybe a tutorial on these would very useful. But thisis a great resource for older versions on macos...thank you inadvance
Hi Lawrence
Mine was Catalina when I recorded this
What is the way to enter that website after running vm and provision? I mean, that html...
Where exactly.. need steps and details Alem
@@RaghavPal I found the answer two videos after this one. Well, the thing is that you used html and person who watches this expects to see that website here, or at least for that website to be mentioned at all. But, that "Hello world" website is something that you explain two videos after this one. Anyway, your videos are really great. That " config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, auto_correct: true" and "vagrant reload --provision", then going into localhost:8080 was what I needed...
ok,.. great
This is very well explained, thank you. But constant blabbing about "taking a screenshot, so I will never forget" is annoying beyond all reason. Please stop repeating that... :D
Sorry about that.. will take note of this Maciej
Hello Sir Can i Mention My Non IT Experience in Resume i have 6.5 Years of experience as a Claims Associate now i want to switch in to IT Filed i'm trying as Automation Tester Jobs But i don't have Real Time Projects experience both Manual and Automation i have done certification Course Java and Selenium as well as Manual , also can i showcase My Current Non IT Experience as IT Experience..??????
Hi Vinod
Yes, you can mention your non-IT experience in your resume, but you should try to highlight the transferable skills that you have developed during that experience, such as attention to detail, problem-solving, and communication skills. You can also mention any relevant tools or technologies that you have worked with, such as Microsoft Excel or customer service software
When applying for automation tester jobs, you should focus on the skills and knowledge you have gained from your certification courses and any personal projects you have completed. You can also highlight any testing-related tasks you have performed in your non-IT job, such as reviewing claims for accuracy or performing quality assurance checks on customer service interactions
It is important to be honest about your experience, so do not try to pass off your non-IT experience as IT experience. Instead, emphasize the transferable skills and relevant experience you have that make you a strong candidate for the job
@@RaghavPal Ok sir thank you so the reply
Subs btw :-)
Thanks a lot
Hi sir i need guidence how can i contact you
Hi Medagani, you can let me know here
@@RaghavPal I want to learn web automation testing. I will add some experience and attend interview on my own. so what are the topics i need to cover pls explain step by step sir.
@@RaghavPal I have carrer gap sir pls guide me.
Hi Medagani
Sure, here's a step-by-step guide on how to get started with web automation testing:
Basic Programming: Start with learning a programming language such as Java or Python, as it is an essential skill for automation testing. Learn the basics of programming such as data types, variables, loops, and conditional statements.
Automation Tool: Choose an automation tool such as Selenium or Cypress. Selenium is the most widely used automation tool, and it supports multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, and C#. Cypress is a newer tool that is gaining popularity because of its ease of use and quick setup.
Framework: Learn a testing framework such as TestNG or JUnit. Frameworks provide a structure for writing and organizing tests. They also provide features such as reporting, test data management, and test suite management.
Testing Types: Learn about different types of testing such as functional testing, regression testing, and integration testing. Understand the purpose of each type of testing and how automation can be used to improve testing efficiency.
Test Management: Learn about test management tools such as Jira, TestRail, or Zephyr. These tools help manage test cases, test suites, and defects.
Continuous Integration: Learn about continuous integration (CI) tools such as Jenkins or CircleCI. CI tools automate the process of building, testing, and deploying software.
As for addressing career gaps, focus on gaining practical experience through online tutorials, building small projects, and contributing to open-source projects. Participate in online communities and attend meetups or conferences to network with professionals in the field. Highlight any relevant experience or skills you have gained during your gap, such as learning a new programming language or contributing to open-source projects.
I hope this helps! Good luck with your learning and career transition.
@@RaghavPal Thank you so much sir for your guidence.