You all prolly dont care but does any of you know of a trick to get back into an Instagram account..? I somehow forgot the password. I appreciate any tricks you can give me!
@Khalid Alonso thanks for your reply. I got to the site on google and Im trying it out atm. Takes a while so I will get back to you later with my results.
Have you seen my videos on General Relativity: An Introduction (parts 1 and 2) and Curved (Warped) Spacetime. They deal with the nature and effects of gravity.
Thankyouthankyou! You make the material manageable and relatively easy to understand. Now I'm off to binge on all your particle physics videos before my final exam.
This really is impressively done. Admittedly, I was first looking for a video with lots of fancy graphics having enough of the collegiate approach. This video reminds us that giving the student "insight something an insightful professor can relate counts for a lot. Having finished college a good number of years ago, it reminds me what the best professors always do. They know what is essential for everyone to learn and help tweak one's world-view of a topic.
A neutrino is an elementary particle. Billions are produced by the sun when protons are converted to neutrons as the first step to making Helium. A proton changes to a neutron, a positron and a neutrino. You can get more info about neutrinos in my video on the Standard Model.
" Three quorks for muster Mork, sure he has not got much of a bork, and sure any he has it's all beside the mork."( Written in chark by a leg of park that could not tark except he could wark.)
so fascinating and awesome. Before seeing this video, I've always struggled with actually understanding what the weak interaction did, and why it happened. Now it makes perfect sense. Thanks Doctor!
The process is called Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) and involves firing very high energy electrons at a nucleus. High energy electrons have low wavelength so are able to probe the proton. Some of the energy of the electrons is used to create new particles which results in meson production. And you are right that electrons will be attracted to protons. But they can still deflect (just as a comet is deflected around the sun by attractive gravitational forces). I haven't done a video on this.
Thanks for comment. Do you mean gravity waves (eg waves on sea) or gravitational waves - the consequence of massive objects moving in curved spacetime?
You could use either. A W+ in one direction = a W- in the other direction. But a tip I am offering is to take the W away from the baryon and towards the lepton. Whether it is a + or - will be determined by whether a proton is changing to a neutron (needs a W+ away from the proton) or the other way round in which case its a W-.
The general position is that baryon number, lepton number and charge are always conserved. And in the case of leptons it has to be the lepton type (eg electron, muon or tau). For particle interactions governed by the strong or electromagnetic forces, the total strangeness must remain the same. For interactions governed by the weak force, the strangeness can change by one unit.
A level is the exam taken by British (and other) students at 6th form college when they are (usually) 17-18 years old. It is the exam level immediately before students go to University.
Well this is partly what string theory is all about. At present the standard model contains what are known to be the most fundamental particles, (quarks, electrons, neutrinos and bosons). We have no experimental evidence to suggest that these are made up of anything smaller, but who knows what the future may bring.
If, say, an electron and a positron were created by pair production, then angular momentum would have to be conserved. But if you take a random electron and a random positron they can have a spin in any direction and there is no requirement that one has the opposite spin to the other.
The key point is that no pair production will occur unless there is enough energy to provide at least the rest mass of the particles concerned. Excess energy will go to kinetic energy. But there is no way of determining in advance which particles will be produced. That is the nature of quantum mechanics. In practice, of course, billions of protons collide and produce a whole range of particles which enables us to calculate the statistical probability of their production.
12:45 The Mesons are combined by 2 quarks (a quark and an antiquark) so the total spin is not semi-entire... and consequently, I think they are Bosons, not Fermions. Very well explained all, thank you very much for your effort
It can indeed be measured but I do not know the details of how. You cannot, of course, isolate an individual quark so the measurement of the charge is going to involve measurements of other factors with a deduction of the appropriate charge.
No. It's just that no-one has discovered such a gauge boson for gravity. If it were there it would be a graviton. The Higgs Boson isn't there either for the same reason.
Thank you. Good luck with your studies. My degree is in physics. I'm not sure which energy equation you mean, but if it is the Schrödinger equation, have a look in my playlist on quantum mechanics and you will find a simple derivation.
Hi, for the paired production, how do you know what kind of "pair" it will produce during the separation of quarks in a proton? Such as a up and anti-up, down and anti-down or even strange and anti-strange,etc....
Yes. A proton decaying to a neutron requires an energy input (I think it is 1.29MeV ie the mass energy difference between the proton and the neutron - the neutron is about 0.2% heavier than the proton). A neutron decaying to a proton produces energy (about 1.29MeV). And yes, the total energy of all the particles has to be taken into account. Indeed it is this calculation which showed that there had to be a neutrino to balance the equation.
Can somebody run me through quark composition I know how to do it for positively charged matter but not negatively charged matter please someone help me
I think it must be an error. The Up, Charm and Top quarks have charges of +2/3. The Down, Strange and Bottom quarks have charges of -1/3. The anti- quarks in each case have the opposite charge, either -2/3 or +1/3.
DrPhysicsA, the atom was found to be form of another more elementary particles; do you think this discoveries of subdivisions can go on indefinitely or will phisycs find 'the' most simple particle? if so, why that one in particular? can all matter be reduced to energy?
Fantastic summary of the standard model. I feel like mesons are the most mysterious. Does the model assume that there is no gauge boson for the force of gravity?
I thought you said, if matter 'meets' their respective antimatter, they annihilate each other. How can an up and anti-quark coalesce to form a (Pi 0) meson? Surely, they would simply be converted into photons. Does this mean there needs to be certain conditions for annihilation to occur?
At 14:30,if all the mesons are positive quark,anti positive quark then why k` is positive positive,like strange and up positive ? Apart from these very well explained , this video is an amazing guidance for me at my peak time of examination.
When a Proton decays into a Neutron does this only happen when energy is inputted? And is this why the extra matter of a Positron and Neutrino occurs? Due to the energy being converted into matter?
This is a great video.. But can you make 1 video on the behavior of charged particles in a Magnetic and and Electric field please.. and also about crossfields
omG!! talk about a personal eureka moment for me yesterday when i realized the electrons in the shells are ENERGY MOVING IN SINEWAVES instead of staying a fixed distance from the nucleus....... or am i understanding this correctly? i've got a thorough understanding of this vid now.. can you recommend which one to watch next? i feel like ive just entered a new dimension of science that i cant wait to explore! amazing work, btw, and how anyone could give a thumbs down is beyond me lol
How come the quarks in the neutral pi meson do not annihilate each other and go off as radiation, as they are a quark and its respectve antiquark, up and anti-up or down and anti-down?
Hi I have 2 questions. During electron scattering I understand mesons are produced, I don't understand how, I get how they're produced when you separate quarks but not when you fire electrons at a nucleus. I also don't understand why the electron is deflected, surely it should be attracted to the nucleus due to opposite charges. I don't think you've done a video on this but if I'm wrong please direct me to it :) Thanks.
I appreciate the attempt to clearly explain the topic. The Sky is blue but why is it blue? It would have been better if the reasons behind why so is so had also been told.
An antiparticle has exactly the same characteristics of the particle except it has the opposite charge. It does not have negative mass. It has the same mass as the particle. No particles of negative mass have been detected, as far as I'm aware.
When you're talking about what is being conserved towards the end. Is this only in the weak interaction? Because I thought the Strangeness is not always conserved?
some heros dont wear capes...
thank you so much great video
Thanks. I am most grateful for your kind comment.
So, the strange quark has a strangeness number of -1.
Well, that's a bit...
*Puts on shades*
..odd.
.......wouldn't you say that's a little strange
:O
You all prolly dont care but does any of you know of a trick to get back into an Instagram account..?
I somehow forgot the password. I appreciate any tricks you can give me!
@Jayceon Clay Instablaster :)
@Khalid Alonso thanks for your reply. I got to the site on google and Im trying it out atm.
Takes a while so I will get back to you later with my results.
The way you penned the tau made me happy, also the neutrino symbol
Have you seen my videos on General Relativity: An Introduction (parts 1 and 2) and Curved (Warped) Spacetime. They deal with the nature and effects of gravity.
Thankyouthankyou! You make the material manageable and relatively easy to understand. Now I'm off to binge on all your particle physics videos before my final exam.
This really is impressively done. Admittedly, I was first looking for a video with lots of fancy graphics having enough of the collegiate approach. This video reminds us that giving the student "insight something an insightful professor can relate counts for a lot. Having finished college a good number of years ago, it reminds me what the best professors always do. They know what is essential for everyone to learn and help tweak one's world-view of a topic.
Yes, there is information on circular motion in the A Level playlist - Simple Harmonic Motion and Gravitational Fields
This was excellently explained! Thank you. Really appreciate you doing this!
The maths behind the cyclotron is in the "Electromagnetism - Part 1 - A Level Physics " video at about 15:00.
A neutrino is an elementary particle. Billions are produced by the sun when protons are converted to neutrons as the first step to making Helium. A proton changes to a neutron, a positron and a neutrino. You can get more info about neutrinos in my video on the Standard Model.
" Three quorks for muster Mork, sure he has not got much of a bork, and sure any he has it's all beside the mork."( Written in chark by a leg of park that could not tark except he could wark.)
so fascinating and awesome.
Before seeing this video, I've always struggled with actually understanding what the weak interaction did, and why it happened. Now it makes perfect sense. Thanks Doctor!
JusticeRetroHunter How fast do Mesons move between Baryons?
The process is called Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) and involves firing very high energy electrons at a nucleus. High energy electrons have low wavelength so are able to probe the proton. Some of the energy of the electrons is used to create new particles which results in meson production. And you are right that electrons will be attracted to protons. But they can still deflect (just as a comet is deflected around the sun by attractive gravitational forces). I haven't done a video on this.
Thanks for comment. Do you mean gravity waves (eg waves on sea) or gravitational waves - the consequence of massive objects moving in curved spacetime?
You could use either. A W+ in one direction = a W- in the other direction. But a tip I am offering is to take the W away from the baryon and towards the lepton. Whether it is a + or - will be determined by whether a proton is changing to a neutron (needs a W+ away from the proton) or the other way round in which case its a W-.
This video was just what I needed. Thanks!
The general position is that baryon number, lepton number and charge are always conserved. And in the case of leptons it has to be the lepton type (eg electron, muon or tau). For particle interactions governed by the strong or electromagnetic forces, the total strangeness must remain the same. For interactions governed by the weak force, the strangeness can change by one unit.
This is so clear and useful! Thank you!
It really helped, a lot thank you for posting this!!
okay, i'll check it out.
having internal exams, paper 4 tomorrow, and u really helped. thank you !
That's a very noble aim. Good luck in all your studies.
THIS VIDEO IS GOLD!
A level is the exam taken by British (and other) students at 6th form college when they are (usually) 17-18 years old. It is the exam level immediately before students go to University.
Well this is partly what string theory is all about. At present the standard model contains what are known to be the most fundamental particles, (quarks, electrons, neutrinos and bosons). We have no experimental evidence to suggest that these are made up of anything smaller, but who knows what the future may bring.
Thanks always enjoy your videos i always learn something new.
well done! great video appreciation !
This has really helped, have a mock soon and teacher made no sense at all
what a fantastic video!
They do. Provided they are of the same colour. That's why mesons (made of quark antiquark pairs live for a very short time.
thanx alot .ur videos are always great
If, say, an electron and a positron were created by pair production, then angular momentum would have to be conserved. But if you take a random electron and a random positron they can have a spin in any direction and there is no requirement that one has the opposite spin to the other.
ur way of explanation is very good.....
Thanks man, huge help!
The key point is that no pair production will occur unless there is enough energy to provide at least the rest mass of the particles concerned. Excess energy will go to kinetic energy. But there is no way of determining in advance which particles will be produced. That is the nature of quantum mechanics. In practice, of course, billions of protons collide and produce a whole range of particles which enables us to calculate the statistical probability of their production.
Crystal clear. Thanks.
I love you
You may find my video on electromagnetism in the A-level playlist helpful.
Thanks, this video really helped
Very well presented.
Thankyou so much for this video may God bless you
Thank you very much for this video.... Its help me alot
sir,so we can say that quarks are the most fundamental particles of an atom,u hv explained really well,thanks a lot
12:45 The Mesons are combined by 2 quarks (a quark and an antiquark) so the total spin is not semi-entire... and consequently, I think they are Bosons, not Fermions. Very well explained all, thank you very much for your effort
It can indeed be measured but I do not know the details of how. You cannot, of course, isolate an individual quark so the measurement of the charge is going to involve measurements of other factors with a deduction of the appropriate charge.
great video dude
Thank you very much!
Thanks for your reply.
Have a nice day.
Here goes...lets see how much knowledge this tofu brain can absorb from this class🙇🏻♀️...🍺
There is a bottom quark and an anti-bottom quark. They are different things. Anti-particles have opposite charge of their normal counterparts.
No. It's just that no-one has discovered such a gauge boson for gravity. If it were there it would be a graviton. The Higgs Boson isn't there either for the same reason.
love that kinda thing 11:37-13:08
thank you, god bless you
Thank you. Good luck with your studies. My degree is in physics. I'm not sure which energy equation you mean, but if it is the Schrödinger equation, have a look in my playlist on quantum mechanics and you will find a simple derivation.
Hi, for the paired production, how do you know what kind of "pair" it will produce during the separation of quarks in a proton? Such as a up and anti-up, down and anti-down or even strange and anti-strange,etc....
Wow awesome physics teacher
Yes. A proton decaying to a neutron requires an energy input (I think it is 1.29MeV ie the mass energy difference between the proton and the neutron - the neutron is about 0.2% heavier than the proton). A neutron decaying to a proton produces energy (about 1.29MeV). And yes, the total energy of all the particles has to be taken into account. Indeed it is this calculation which showed that there had to be a neutrino to balance the equation.
I like how you talk about the pronunciation of quark and then immediately divert to the one that isn't the "preferred" one hehe
Can somebody run me through quark composition I know how to do it for positively charged matter but not negatively charged matter please someone help me
Not as such. There are videos which deal with the strong and weak nuclear forces and the electromagnetic force but they are not all in one.
Hello, I was taught that mesons dont have their own anti particle pair?
I think it must be an error. The Up, Charm and Top quarks have charges of +2/3. The Down, Strange and Bottom quarks have charges of -1/3. The anti- quarks in each case have the opposite charge, either -2/3 or +1/3.
Best video
Amazing
Thank you so much. But can you please make a video related to cathode ray oscilloscope?
Can the annihilation of matter and antimatter into energy (and the reverse process) be broken down into multiple steps?
DrPhysicsA, the atom was found to be form of another more elementary particles; do you think this discoveries of subdivisions can go on indefinitely or will phisycs find 'the' most simple particle? if so, why that one in particular? can all matter be reduced to energy?
brilliant
Fantastic summary of the standard model. I feel like mesons are the most mysterious. Does the model assume that there is no gauge boson for the force of gravity?
im sure the down quark has a charge of -1/3??
never mind, he changed it minutes later.
thank you :)
I thought you said, if matter 'meets' their respective antimatter, they annihilate each other. How can an up and anti-quark coalesce to form a (Pi 0) meson? Surely, they would simply be converted into photons. Does this mean there needs to be certain conditions for annihilation to occur?
awesome
At 14:30,if all the mesons are positive quark,anti positive quark then why k` is positive positive,like strange and up positive ?
Apart from these very well explained , this video is an amazing guidance for me at my peak time of examination.
Hello, have you done a video on the 4 fundamental forces?
When a Proton decays into a Neutron does this only happen when energy is inputted? And is this why the extra matter of a Positron and Neutrino occurs? Due to the energy being converted into matter?
What does "strangeness" mean?
that's a strange question
It's pretty cool that students learn about particle physics at A Level now, I certainly didn't.
Why doesn't the Pion annihilate itself then? For example Pi0 consists of Up and Anti-Up, so why don't they convert to energy instantly?
This is a great video.. But can you make 1 video on the behavior of charged particles in a Magnetic and and Electric field please.. and also about crossfields
omG!! talk about a personal eureka moment for me yesterday when i realized the electrons in the shells are ENERGY MOVING IN SINEWAVES instead of staying a fixed distance from the nucleus....... or am i understanding this correctly?
i've got a thorough understanding of this vid now.. can you recommend which one to watch next? i feel like ive just entered a new dimension of science that i cant wait to explore! amazing work, btw, and how anyone could give a thumbs down is beyond me lol
+eric wyatt haters gonna hate
Hi! can you do a video on cyclotrons? if you don't already have one, that is. :)
This video is absolutely fantastic, thanks a lot
How come the quarks in the neutral pi meson do not annihilate each other and go off as radiation, as they are a quark and its respectve antiquark, up and anti-up or down and anti-down?
Well in a sense, they do. A pion will survive for only 10^-25 seconds.
my text book though says that the antibottom quark has a negative charge as does the bottom quark is this incorrect?
Hi I have 2 questions. During electron scattering I understand mesons are produced, I don't understand how, I get how they're produced when you separate quarks but not when you fire electrons at a nucleus. I also don't understand why the electron is deflected, surely it should be attracted to the nucleus due to opposite charges. I don't think you've done a video on this but if I'm wrong please direct me to it :)
Thanks.
Just a question, Do physist have a way to measure the charge of the quarks or is it stictly mathamatics? I'm just curious.
Are the gauge bosons included as 'particles' on the standard model?????
I must practice my enunciation. I was trying to say "The weak interaction". Must adjust my teeth.
What kind of property is the strangeness of a quark?
Wonderfull guy.
I appreciate the attempt to clearly explain the topic. The Sky is blue but why is it blue? It would have been better if the reasons behind why so is so had also been told.
There are twelve Quarks,Charm,Strange,Bottom,Top,Up,Down,Antidown,antiup,antibottom,antitop,anticharm and antistrange
Whatever the equivalent is in the States for kids aged 17-18
Hey i'm puzzle with the charge of down quark charge...some people uses as -1/3 and u used as +1/3..
bhaskarjya hazarika He changed it
Why are you saying that you can create matter from energy, isn't mass just a property of something with energy?
Yes. But don't over complicate it. Our language simply lacks in trying to understand and articulate this subject.
he started changing the way he said quark towards the end XD
can you explain what the difference,between, a partical's anti- partical, and a partical's negative mass?
An antiparticle has exactly the same characteristics of the particle except it has the opposite charge. It does not have negative mass. It has the same mass as the particle. No particles of negative mass have been detected, as far as I'm aware.
When you're talking about what is being conserved towards the end. Is this only in the weak interaction? Because I thought the Strangeness is not always conserved?
17:14 The Wheatie interaction?
Okay, that makes sense.