City Minutes: The Roman Empire
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- Опубліковано 28 тра 2024
- The funny thing about Empire is that ~*Rome*~ includes far more than just the City of Rome. Spread out across every corner of the Mediterranean - and then some - Roman Civilization was always adapting to local circumstances and changing over time. Today we'll look at 5 cities that show the diversity of just how much "Rome" could really mean in the days of the empire.
"The Great Cities In History" by John Julius Norwich, "A Wonder of the World - Ephesus" from "The Great Tours: Greece and Turkey, from Athens to Istanbul" by John R. Hale, "Ephesus", "Leptis Magna", "Roman Britain", "Pompeii" from World History Encyclopedia www.worldhistory.org/ephesos/, www.worldhistory.org/Lepcis_M..., www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Br..., www.worldhistory.org/pompeii/. "Ephesus", "Leptis Magna" "London", "Pompeii" from Britannica www.britannica.com/place/Ephesus, www.britannica.com/place/Lept..., www.britannica.com/place/Lond..., www.britannica.com/place/Pompeii. I also have a degree in Classical Studies.
Chapters:
0:00 - Rome
0:58 - Ephesus
2:00 - Leptis Magna
3:03 - Londinium
4:12 - Pompeii
5:17 - Conclusion
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Impressive restraint on Blue's part for keeping this at 6 minutes.
We all know that if he wanted, he could do a 10 hour video
@@puki860 And I would watch it. Better than "Fall of Civilizations"
@@thejudgmentalcat We would ALL watch it.
@@eshbena hint hint Blue
@@puki860 ...a 10 hour video a day.
*Pompeii:* "Man, our city needs a boost up the economy. We need something big, bold! Explosive! Something to really draw the tourists in, a real hotspot!
*Vesuvius:* Gotcha, fam.
………a very hotspot
I mean, Pompeii did become a well visited city of great interest to the whole world. It just took a few thousand years and the horrible deaths of its citizens.
Somebody found a monkey's paw on that one
@@Bluecho4 Hey to make an omelette you gotta murder a few people.
Geez man! Too soon
Man, Roman history feels so strange. There’s so much conquest and civil war and changing borders that it all just kinda bleeds together in my mind. It’s absolutely insane.
true
Yet, all that’s over so long a time that you’d only ever have seen a small vignette of it.
Especially when talking about Rome's influence beyond its 'fall'. And not just with the Byzantines. Many European kingdoms, small and large, tried to take the mantle of Rome to varying success. The holy roman empire was called that for a reason after all, and future empires like the British, Spanish, etc. could be seen as a spiritual successors to Rome.
Roman influences survive even to this day, even if most people don't recognize them in our everyday lives.
...Sounds about Europe
Rome is/was an idea as much as a place I guess.
Certainly even till today, every western nation seems to have bits and pieces of roman iconography embedded in their capital buildings.
This might be more of a "Red thing" but could you do a fictional city minutes? Analyzing the importance of certain cities in the Avatar world or Lord of the Rings and such?
That sounds so fun! Red could hijack an episode from Blue
God I would love Red and Blue co-op on Ankh-Morpork
I'd LOVE This!!! If they do one on the ATLA world they should do a collab with Hello Future Me because he really likes doing those and he's a friend of theirs
YES
I need this
Imagine finding an old City beneath Pompeii that was buried by Vesuvius earlier and unknowingly they build on top of it cause no one remembered where the old City was.
That kind of happened with Troy, minus the volcano.
@@frick_____you I feel like that happened a lot.
@@AccidentalNinja
With Troy? Yup. Had about 7 Troys to dig through when they found the site.
Funny enough Herculaneum one of the four cities buried under the ash of the Vesuv ( Pompeji, Oplontis and Stabiae) lies right now under parts of Neapel and Ercolano. So that would be three cities on the same place.
Apparently this happened to a city in China six separate times, due to river flooding.
5:23 Discussing:
Sandwiches are usually named after what is in the middle, so Pompeii is not a “volcano sandwich” the volcano turned Pompeii into a “Port City Sandwich”
Right. It's not a rye sandwich with ham, it's a ham on rye. So Pompeii is a "Port City on Volcanic rock."
@@ericbuchner2982 Port City Sandwich has a better ring to it. Still, an awesome name for a sandwich
*Blue:* ...redecorating with temples in a Greco-marble style
*Also Blue:* shows italic-style temple replete with elevated foundation, deep frontal porch and no rear colonnade
This is intended in good spirit, and only because my Archeology class has been driving the difference into me for the past two weeks.
Ergo, style and not copy or Greco marble temples.
@@month32 Sort of, but in Roman archaelogy there is a very crucial difference between Greek-style and Italic-style architecture, and there is much that is different between the two. Though there are Greek-style temples in Rome and in Roman Italy, This temple is not Greek in any real sense, but related to the Etruscans. In that way, the temple is Greek in the same way the Latin alphabet is: strong influence, but I would hesitate to call it the same style.
_Neeeeerd_
We NEED more perspectives like THIS on yt! People need to start viewing history with an open heart to its possibilities/oddities/varieties rather than trying to close-mindedly define and gatekeep it
A little something I learned from the podcast, “Hardcore History:” Roman Legions not only had troops, but they also had structural engineers, carpenters, masons, and the like. Some of the troops themselves were _also_ carpenters, masons, and other skilled construction-workers. Which meant that a Roman Legion could plop itself down and, both before battle started and in between engagements, start _building n fort_ to replace the encampment.
Centurions, BTW _were not_ troops, they were _commanding _*_officers._* They were, specifically, commanders of a battalion containing 100 men. “Centum” being the Latin word for 100.
General Gaius Julius Caesar build a bridge across the Rhine in order to cross over and thump some German tribes who had been harassing a Celtic ally. When finished, after he and his troops had crossed back over the Rhine, _he had the bridge burnt._ Some hail this as good tactics: the enemy can't now use the bridge to counterattack. Others, quite a lot, actually, imply that this was a flex on Caesar's part. But the “Hardcore History” podcast made an interesting point: This was _Rome_ sending a message. “Rome is so far ahead of you Teutones, we can build a new bridge, any time we want, to get across this river _you_ have trouble crossing. Cause us trouble, and we can come for you _easily._
Good tactics is the better explanation. The legions can't remain at the Rhine border forever
Centuria were made up of 80 men throughout most of history, not 100. Yes Centum means 100, and yes the original Centuria was 100 men, but The 100 man battalions were reduced in size during the Marian Reforms of 107 BC and fluctuated in the 60 to 80 range for the remainder of the empire. And many times Centuria were doubled anyways making 160 men instead of 80.
@Jay Crownshaw Thanks for the details on the Centuria! I vaguely remembered reading that it was actually 80 troops, plus 20 support-staff [cooks, etc.] but didn't know about all of the fluctuations.
I also wanted to avoid extra details - that comment is already long enough! 😄
@@JanLCn While also true (Rome was in the process of eating Gaul at this point), it wasn't _just_ because the Legions were withdrawing, according the the "Hardcore History" Podcast.
And that podcast is based on Julius Caesar's own writings and other original sources. The burning of that bridge across the Rhine that the Romans built was also done to send a message. Or, maybe Caesar had an _actual_ message sent.
Either way the message was that constructing a new bridge was _easy_ for Rome, and they could do it at any time they chose.
@@John_Weiss Mike Duncan also pointed that out in the best podcast of all time, The History of Rome. It's good tactics and it sends a message. It doesn't have to be one or the other really, people are complicated. Also on the support staff, the support staff was not always 20, hence the fluctuations, even in some of the older formations pre Marian reforms. (Any chance I get to talk about Rome I will immediately take. Avē Roma)
I recently visited Pompeii. If you've never been there, you can't imagine how impressive it is, when I entered the forum I just couldn't help shedding a tear
Why is Donald Trump pretty and I am not? But why does he only have a wife but I have TWO HANDSOME GIRLFRIENDS who I show off in my masterpiece YT videos? Do you know the answer, dear tom
I visited Pompeii several years ago and I agree it is breathtaking. The feeling of walking those ancient streets was indescribably cool.
@@AxxLAfriku imma report you for unwanted promotional material!
Nothing personal, just doing my duty to keep the holy roman empire safe.
I’ve never been but my dad has, Italy and also Greece is a few places I’d love to go in the future. Makes me wonder though, if the officials of Pompeii sent anybody up mount Vesuvius to see why it was smoking. Then again how would they explain it without knowing what it was.
An important lesson to keep in mind: National identity (even before a nation-state was a thing) has always been complicated. National identity changes with time and is rarely, if ever, monolithic in nature. It's nuanced and frequently contradictory.
Put simply, one cannot define a national identity by what it is or is not. Rather, what the ideals of the time are and how well it meets those ideals
This is something that needs to be said more often
I find it hilarious that David Tennant and Tom Hiddelston both were in Pompeii at the same time but never met.
That would make for an entertaining crossover.
One of the craziest things about Rome from the modern perspective is how it pops up in the most unexpected places. Like sure, you expect Roman ruins in Italy, but then you realize that you can't toss a rock in North Africa, the Middle East, or most of western Europe without hitting something Roman. It really brings home just how vast the Roman Empire was.
One day you're walking around London and you see a chunk of (still surviving) London wall that says it was built by Romans!
Or the Roman ruins in Chester, Wales.
Love this series. Can you do Austria-Hungary next. There are a lot of cool cities within it. Budapest, Prague, Vienna, split.
... Salzburg and Warsaw
The Core, the Conquered, the Capitulated, the Constructed, and the Consumed seems like a good five man band of cities to discuss.
Rather than calling Pompeii a lava sandwich, a lava cake would be a more fitting name. It's more accurate regarding spatial distribution and lava cakes are actually a thing
Counterpoint: due to the Italian nature of Pompeii, it would be far more fitting to call it lava ravioli.
5:10
The term "lava sandwich" implies that there are only layers of volcanic rock above and below Pompeii, without any normal rock beneath it, so I believe the correct term is "lava cake"
perfect timing, today was literally my second day in Classical Civilizations class and eyy roman empire, thanks Blue!
Was really surprised to see a British settlement in this video, pleasantly so. If I had had to pick one I would have chosen Roman era Colchester over London, but that's probably down to my local bias. Great video as always, I love the City Minutes style and content.
I would have picked Bath since it's my favorite example of Rome hybridizing local deities with their own. Colchester would have also been a good pick. But then again, their Latin names of Aquae Sulis and Camulodunum aren't nearly as recognizable as Londinium.
*googles*
So that's Colchester, nice!
Wait, Roman legionary base? Camulodunum?
Camulodunum = Camulod = Camelot?
@@sylven7236 Oh I totally spaced on Bath. I've only been there once, but it is just a beautiful place to tour. Nice pick.
*I like to see Pompeii as what you just said before.*
"Late to the party, late to -die- ruin."
Having seen plenty of pictures of Roman cities in history books over the years, I can safely say that those guys knew what they were doing 😊
Well, it helped that they had all the best cities to loot and pill.... um... study.... yeah, study.
The ‘discuss’ killed me xD also, if lava is soup, how can it be a sandwich. Pompeii is a crouton in lava soup
Clearly molten lava is souplike, but once hardened it could be considered breadlike.
Yeah, NGL, I lean more towards Pompeii being a crouton in lava soup. XD
I see two options: if lava is considered in the liquid state only, then Pompeii could be a crouton in lava soup.
If both liquid and solid states of lava are taken as same, then it's a calzone, according to the cube rule of food (the lava envelops Pompeii completely from all sides).
Carthage is temporary
*_But Rome is ETERNAL_*
"Rome itself remained a slapdash overcrowded tangle of a city"
2000+ years later Rome: a slapdash overcrowded tangle of a city with a wild boar infestation and sinkholes into an archaeological abyss.
The most amazing thing about rome is how it started as a city of refugees, turn itself into one of the fewest place where even the lower citizen, even the former slave, could have a albeit limited voice. They were to first to sucesfull blend military aristocracy and democracy, with senate, judges and the rule of law. It was close to a modern state into the ancient times, and once they become the first to got that system working... ops.... Half mediterranean got coquered... And prioro to civil war habits.
No wonder why people still wanted to be roman after all that.
To be fair, that's what the Romans say their origin was
Londinium was like the Saskatchewan of the Roman Empire. It had all the products and technologies of the Roman Empire, but it was unable to maintain the products of industry on its own.
This would color the English speaking world's view of the Middle ages, assuming everyone was deprived and "forgot" the technologies of the Roman Empire, not realizing what a fringe and backwards part of the Roman Empire Britain always was.
While we’re on the subject of the Temple of Artemis, how much do we have to do to get Blue to cover all of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World? (even the one that might not actually exist)
I’d love to see Blue cover them!
Oof. Just went on a wiki rabbit hole. I just learned the hanging gardens might not have been real. Those were always my favorite growing up since as a kid I played a lot of civilization growing up and that was one of my favorite videos to watch after building them in game. :( At least I still have the library of Alexandria and the temple of Artemis.
@@Arelenedhel Yeah, sorry to be the bearer of bad news. There was a study found that the river at Babylon couldn’t give enough water to feed the gardens. So if the gardens existed, they would’ve either been a lot smaller than legend says, or they might not have been in Babylon (there’s an interesting theory that was devised recently that the gardens were in Nineveh, not Babylon)
@@geekacelol8982 I just read that part about them maybe being built by the Assyrian king. I’m just gonna go with that in my head. :)
I've been to Rome and to Ephesus! Both were really cool in in both similar and different ways! One highlight was when a small group of Japanese tourists pulled out a guitar at the amphitheatre in Ephesus and started singing! The sound was excellent!(Though I was distracted by my suffering from the Turkish summer heat during most of the visit.)
This is the shortest Blue has ever talked about Rome but I’ll take whatever Rome content he posts
“Horus in Roman garb”
Me: “what the fuck did they do to my favorite bird god, why does he look like he has seen some shit”
I sometimes marvel out just how big some of these cities were at yet time is a fickle mistress and can cause so many of them to be forgotten in such a seemingly short time. Makes me appreciate the ones who keep their memory alive.
Pompeii is one of the best examples of how fire and ash can make for suprisingly good preservatives...oh the irony
I really like the message of this video. With something as big and far reaching as Rome, it’s interesting that we so rarely acknowledge how diverse it really was.
I just got my hands on the Rome series form HBO and it was an amazing watch
Also
*Crosses Rubicon like a boss*
*raises hand* I have a question for OSP! Idk if this would be for Red or Blue bc it covers both myth AND architecture but have y'all ever considered making a video about the Gates of Janus? Invicta has a good video on the topic but I'd love to see you guys handle a deeper dive
These videos are so satisfying to watch. The way you build historical narratives so neatly and concisely using a diversity of cities as your examples just feels nice to perceive, like a solidly-constructed marble building.
I had the chance to check out an exhibit of artifacts from Pompeii about a year ago and it's fucking ridiculous how well some of that stuff is preserved. I spent several minutes looking at a 2000 year old statue of Artemis thinking it was a reproduction because it looks brand new.
EDIT: 5:09 Also incorrect - it makes it the FILLING in a lava sandwich.
Given it was surrounded on all sides, wouldn't it be more like a lava ravioli?
@@5peciesunkn0wn You, keep talking.
@@5peciesunkn0wn lava burrito?
@@fuzzymurdermittens It's not exactly wrapped in the lava is it? Since it settled down on top of the city?
I don't know this for sure, but probably the ground under Pompeii was, at some in point in the (possibly distant) past, lava from a previous eruption.
Hey Blue, as I know you're a fan of allterative titles, I wanted to throw the idea out there of calling this series City Chronicles.
Love the channel and the work that you do. ❤️
At the strike of midnight, my phone dings to show my favourite channel has uploaded.
i follow some 80 content creators on youtube and i consistently get very excited when i see that you've posted a new video thank you for everything you do
Ephesus is wonderful! I'm so glad you included it! I went with my family many years back and it was even more amazing in person. 10/10 would recommend. Great video Blue!
Nice ending section there, Blue. Very nice work.
Rome and it's history feels like such a unique point in time. The fact that so many cultures under one banner, it was the greatest civilization of the day. And history is told the winners, and with Rome that clearly shows.
Another great one!
I love how every City Minute becomes more than a city and more than a minute each episode.
If I remember correctly, the Roman empire encompassed somewhere close to 1/4 of the world population at the time.
Pretty damn impressive considering the level of technology. It was also pretty damn diverse and so respected that, for centuries, countries in Europe kept looking up to how “great” it was to have been part of the empire.
It would be interesting to see a Valencia city minute, romans, arab, medieval Spanish and rococo styles in one city with Borgia influences sign me up
Thanks for this.
Really such a fan of this series, it's a blast to hear these thoughts
"You can't recap the entirety of Rome in a couple minutes!"
Blue: _"Are you challenging me?"_
For the algorithm! And because you guys deserve all the support possible, you've made me laugh, taught me interesting facts, and did it all with smiles :)
Well done Blue. Very neat to see how the Empire handled cities.
I like the longer videos. I learn more
This is my favorite city minutes so far!
Love the education thank you 💯🌞
I really appreciate learning about cities in the empire that were not Rome. So much is about Rome city and the emperors. I want to know more about trade and governors and city watches and such.
Loved this
Ooh I'm happy to hear you talking bout Pompeii! My mom visited Pompeii just before she gave birth to me, and I was born in the area there! I can't wait to return for myself some day!!
As a German I appreciate cities like Colonia, Treverorum or Castra Regina
More please! I'd like to hear about Illyria and Spain in the future, maybe Syria too!
I was hoping u would do an awesome video on this.
Constantinople really should have had its own segment, or even its own video.
I would like to see you talk about the city of Cartago Nova.
Had to look up Ephesus cuz I thought you meant Constantinople. Blue makes me WANT to learn more about the history/geology of the world I thought I already knew.
you always make these videos the day after i write an essay about them for school i’m so unlucky oml
Hey Blue !
Greek viewer here.
I love the stuff you guys are making, ALL OF IT!
And I have to say the city minutes concept is really interesting and fun.
If it would not be such a burden, could you do a city minute about Thessaloniki?
Thank you and keep on being awesome.
Having visited Ephesus about a year and a half ago, I would love to see a longer video dedicated to it. Is there one somewhere on your channel? It really is incredible, not just in huge monuments like the library, but smaller daily life things, from the roundabout in the road for chariots, to the advert in the paving stones for a brothel. Plus there are some incredibly well preserved mosaics and frescoes, and learning about the ongoing reconstruction efforts is amazing.
0:57
"Late to die"
sounds badass
Glad Blue finally found another excuse to ramble about Ancient Rome
Impressive showcase of each city’s place within the Roman world.
A solid and interesting video, maybe a touch optimistic on the Romans but I am the same about the Achaemenid.
Technically the lava would be in a Pompeii sandwich. A slice of ham between two pieces of bread is a ham sandwich, not a bread sandwich, so a slice of Pompeii between two pieces of lava is a Pompeii sandwich, not a lava sandwich
Broke: “Is a hotdog a sandwich?”
Woke: “Is Pompeii a sandwich?”
I've been OBSESSED with anything to do with ancient Rome , and I must say this video is EXCELLENT , Blue! Though I feel compelled to add- Pompeiians were caught in a pyroclastic flow, which is why we have remains at all, lava would have obliterated just about everything and left behind a vast expanse of hardened asphalt like material resembling a big burnt pancake. Herculaneum, a nearby town, was also heavily impacted by the eruption but is not as well-known by most. National Geographic did a phenomenal documentary on several victims of Vesuvius called "Pompeii- Secrets of the Dead" , which is available on Disney+, ( along with a fascinating documentary about the search for the tomb of a certain great Alex of history). I really enjoyed this! I'd love to watch an in-depth video on literally any ancient Roman places from you, you provide enlightening context and awesome maps!
Fun fact about Pompeii and Mount Vesuvius. The Vesuvius is the LEAST dangerous of the two volcanoes in the area. The Phlegraean Fields is a supervolcano very similar to Yellowstone, meaning that the time it decides to wake up, it's gonna make Vesuvius look like a fireworks display.
Astig! (Awesome!)
Blue back at it again got me goin yeeeeeeeeee
Blue, your "whoops" game is outstanding
Hey Blue, would you mind venturing out of Europe for one of the next videos? For example, I’ve been reading about the history of Haida Gwaii lately and there’s some really fascinating stuff!
awesome job as always, but I miss the myth stories. Ether way keep it up!!!
Don't be afraid to do a part two... or a part three.
I'd love to see more city minutes of our civilizations across the world :)
I was rewatching blue talk about city minutes on the new year podcast and then notification for this popped up
Thank you..
Definitely a lot of options, and you picked some great ones. I think Roman Jerusalem or Caesarea Maritima would have been interesting as well.
I liked that small humanisation of history that Blue did in the end :p
"All roads lead to roam" Now means something quite new to me
Objection. Calling Pompeii a lava sandwich is like calling PB&J a bread sandwich.
It was a Pompeii sandwich in lavaned bread.
I am amazed that the painters during the Roman Empire existed could paint in vivid colours
Londinium: *exists*
Boudica: "And I took that personally."
"Do you think that bread is done?"
"Nah, best leave it in a bit longer, and, while you're at it, turn the temp up a little too."
*Volcanic eruption proceeds*
Amazing
Blue no joke if I had watched your video the day it came out I wouldn't have missed a question on a quiz in my before the 1500's history class.
I DEMAND TWO HOURS OF THIS! xD
4:04 haha! Like what you did there!
Tell Red I can't wait for the annual Valentine's Day historical shenanigans!
Blue mentions Pompeii and my mind immediately thinks, "But if you close your eyes..."
“Rome was not built in a day”
So that’s actually true
This channel is amazing it’s like a history teacher meets billwurts
Hey I had an idea of a series you could do that goes over items and creatures in mythology like Greek Mcguffins or different types of angels