How does a mobile charger work? SMPS with Opto-Coupler.
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- Опубліковано 19 вер 2020
- This is an animated video on the working of a mobile/smartphone/cellphone charger that converts 220 Volts AC to 5 Volts DC with the help of an optocoupler using Switch Mode Power Supply(SMPS).
Both the transistors, S8050 and 13001, are NPN Bipolar Junction Transistors.
The numbers on SMD Resistors are their values in ohm (Ω), not their codes.
Correction- In the video the fusible resistor is 2.6Ω and not 260kΩ.
Circuit Diagram - drive.google.com/file/d/1TWNf...
#Circuitaniamtion #3D_Animations - Наука та технологія
Circuit Diagram - drive.google.com/file/d/1TWNf6OfTSGOfDitfw5u4qp9Hvs_lkU74/view?usp=sharing
Correction - In the video the fusible resistor is 2.6Ω and not 260kΩ.
can I use your Circuit in my video? because I make video in Hindi language and I want to explain same things in Hindi language, I will waiting for your response!
@@DipElectronicsLAB Sure.
Hi, Please make a video on how to design 220VAC to 24VDC, 12VDC, 5VDC.
Basically teardown of HILINK or Mornsun AC-DC converters.
thickness of the wire ?
Nice
I'm just gonna pretend I understood it all
😂🙏
me too😄
Me too 😂😂😂
120V AC go through the transformer in order to step down the voltage then it go to the 4 diodes which we call it bridge rectifier to convert AC to DC. The capacitor is added parallel to it because it will reduce the ripple voltage. not sure about why the using the transistors but i think it increases the frequency so they can reduce the size of capacitor and transformer.
Electricity takes a while to truly understand, I'm a journeyman electrician and electrical engineering student, I've been messing with electricity since I was 6 taking apart my walkie-talkies, and there's still a lot left for me to learn. If you care to learn, you will eventually get to a point where this lesson will seem so easy it's like watching a video on how to tie your shoes. Just stick with it.
Another advantage of these types of power supplies (besides their reduced size) is universal input voltage. Most of these can operate from 100V to 240V AC.
Thank you for mentioning it...😀
Thanks a lot for that inpur
When we use it in 100v eg in train, the charging time is very long may be due to less output volt and current
@@klmkt4339 it depends on the charger bruh
And efficiency and standby consumption.
Wow, i had no idea that was all going on in those little power adaptors. I thought it was just a step down transformer. What brilliant engineering! Thanks so much for making this video!
It used to be just a transformer and voltage regulator circuitry but that is extremely huge, heavy and inefficient so this is the modern design
Unfortunately, brain.exe has stopped working. Force close
Watch some Diode Gone Wild videos, brain.exe will become permanently corrupted😂
@@anindyamitra5091 😂
Lol😂
@@anindyamitra5091 lol man😂😂😂😂😂 so funny😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
Hmm..we have the same OS. Mine crashed too, after the oscillator story. Any upgrade download link ? :D
I like how those "AC > DC > AC > DC" conversion is having a great efficiency
Glad you liked it.😀
@@ExplorerStuff
Hello,
Can we use a 12v DC input in stead of 220v AC?
If not, what we should to change in the circuit to be 12v DC input?
Thx
@@hass_ra80 Simply use a Linear Regulator to convert 12VDC to 5VDC. If you want higher efficiency then you can use a Buck Convertor but the ripple on output will be high and might damage batteries without proper protection. You will have to run the numbers or simulate, prototype it for best results for your application
@@hass_ra80 If you have a bridge rectifier to make all your outlets 12v DC, then you won't be able to step it down with a transformer, every power supply would have to use a DC-DC converter which is possible but probably less efficient, and the AC standard is already established everywhere
this is amazing. Don´t understand why people don´t put things like this on tv shows.
The ratings wold be low
Because they want you to be dumb
@@gabrielphilips6980audience wants dumb things like Cerebrity news, global warming and Covid19 brainwash news
True is should be basic knowledge
Being a visual learner, this will help tons. I just need to watch it 20 - 30 more times
I love these tiny 5v power supplies. They are so tiny and cheap but can pump out so much power.
YOU MUST BE A VERY SEASONED ELECTRONIC ENGINEER. YOUR EXPLANATION IS VERY CLEAR!!
thing simplesimple
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state of the art video tutorial, I'm searching this kind of explanation for years now, finally someone did this, great thanks 👍👍
I also....
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@@bagatur9289 evet öyledir abla
Me too. Always loved electronics but rarely found good material about the matter.
Agreed. As a visual learner I have always struggled to understand signal paths through circuits. Whenever an inductor or capacitor is introduced it starts to get very confusing for me because there's so much going on. Visuals like this one are the key to my understanding of these concepts. Thank you so much to the creator of this video!
This video is just a whole university subject teached in just 6 minutes with every detail fully understandable even for beginners. Till now the best video out there for explaining the working principle of an everyday appliance we all use.
Glad you think so.😄
Sorry for being dumber than a beginner, even though I tested at 132 IQ. I just wish I could find the video where they start at the beginning.
Bagaimana cara menambah ampere pada charger??
Tq
@@imammaarifarif4388 Change the transistors. The T1 is gating how many amps are let through, if you change it for one with more rated amps, it should let more go through. I guess you'd have to then change the transformer and capacitors as well, probably even the Schottky diode.
I did not know how they work, but I designed one (not a charger but same concept) with 100 V, 3 A DC almost identical to the workings of this. I love how knowing how electrical components work you will do the same things meaning it's the best way :D
Best video you literally changed a loser in electronic concepts to a topper in his class I give you a applaud for that very few people have the talent and compassion to turn something interesting and complicated things as simple,keep up the good work man.
I would not expect something so simple in a modern phone charger. I'd expect this in the 90's. This is probably the cheapest way to get a regulated +5V, I can't argue with that!
From what I see, the transistors are in an astable multivibrator configuration, then they go into a pulse transformer.
What I would expect is common mode chokes for EMI, a high-efficiency switch-mode controller with a fast FET to reduce time in the linear region for efficiency purposes, and MOV ( or .
Great video! The animations and explanation was great (I smiled when I heard you explain why you can't just use a transformer at 50/60Hz). I'm an electrical engineer and I approve.
My exact thoughts, I would've guessed that most of modern phones uses a Buck converter /cuk regulator or another synchronous SMPS circuit instead
@@DRAIK08080808 yah for efficiency. Cause this more like a linear circuit that would decipate power in form of heat.
90s chargers were better than this. This curcuit is copied (with some mistakes, like component values and seconsary diode orientation) from the cheapest chargers you can buy. They are very unsafe and don't last long, but are great to demonstrate the basic principle which is the same for all flyback transformer PSUs, no matter if old, new, cheap or expensive.
@@DRAIK08080808
The output needs to be isolated from mains. Can't use a buck converter.
This video answered and settled a big question in my mind that had remained unanswered for many years. Thanks a zillion,now I can go back to work
So the optocoupler is the quartz time keeper and voltage regulator feedback loop, when activated, it shunts the primary, regulating voltage and the cycle repeats.
What a cool circuit!
This is just beautiful. Never seen such a good explanation about electronics.
I've gone through many such videos, but this one is far the BEST video and awesome explanation. I also loved it because he gave the full circuit diagram. Many thanks.
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Good on you for explanation!!!!!!!!
The circuit presented use only two transistors. It is a good minimal design reminding engineers what was done before specialized chips became available.
Most switching power supplies now use a small PWM chip which control the gate of a FET transistor (often integrated in the chip).
They often skip the opto coupler by sensing the back emf on the primary side. This back emf can be sensed only after a delay in the rising or falling edge. These chip also measure the current on the FET and turn off if too large, indicating that saturation is reached (when the DC resistance of the coil becomes the load, no back emf voltage anymore ; the inductance is fully discharged of magnetic energy).
Still most of the concepts introduced in this video remain valid
I had a simplistic idea that there is a step-down transformer to reduce the voltage, and a zener diode to convert AC to DC, throw in a couple of resistors and capacitors to smoother the output. That very high frequency AC current needs a small transformer is new to me. Many thanks for the enlightenment.
Yap, thats how they used to work, this new design is simply for space and efficiency
Why the robot voice?
😂 because it's cool.😂
Not robot. It's ai voice😂
Its a highly appreciable creation. It seems that a very good & honest ambition worked behind this to create such a stunning, incredible & dazzling demonstration. Thanks a lot again. Wishing u a bright future & gteat success.
Best of luck
I can't deny this is very dedicated material which can be used from consumers to students who are interested in these fields.
I love the way you portrayed the ac voltage and also how the capacitor fills up and releases, good job.
someone please give this man a medal ❤
I like the way you explain. Very simple, logical and brief (knowing that most viewers are familiar with electricity).
Thank you and keep it up!
I didn't understand the circuit completely but got the principle of operation, thank you, my crappy school didn't even bother to mention the existence of these
That makes sense. I could follow this enough to understand the core principals
Thank you to everyone who contributed to this great video. great explanation.
9663+
I was looking for this kind of explanation video for so many years finally I got it.
Please keep making such videos
Thank you very much
#ShyamNivasShahu
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Super cool - I was wondering for ad least couple years how it is working and how that optocoupler works :)
Thank You very much!
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Great explanation and animation. I would love to see one more such a video using mosfet.
Could you go more into detail and explain common charger topologies like LLC resonant half bridge or active clamp flyback converters?
Im glad i found this gem of a video. Thank you very much.
While I recognized n understand (most if not) HOW each of electronic's components (here n elsewhere), its WHY these (common) components being used for in a circuit and understanding them (visually as I m visual oriented type of person) that baffles me (almost) every time for years that I've been trying into electronics. Thus, thanks for the vid ❤️🌹
Amazing explanation. Wish my Engineering Professors had explained it like this.
As far as I can tell, the typical engineering professor uses their knowledge like a weapon to basically rub their students' faces in the dirt. So many people go through engineering programs and either don't make it, or barely make it, but gain no intuition for the concepts. Why does it continue to get taught like that?!
Sir normally fuseable resistors are using low value....Like 10 ohms,15ohms.in this circuit using 260k please check.
Now that you mentioned it. Maybe the third band was gold and not yellow. So it will be 2.6 ohms.
The video cannot be changed but I will mention it in the description.
Thank you for noticing.
@@ExplorerStuff yes.... fusable resistor are protect our power supply for short circuit protection and high voltage spike.i have a electronics related youtube channel plz visit ...thanks
@@ExplorerStuff sometimes it happens to me with 4-5 or 6 band resistors. But I agree, that sound more reasonable, as P=I^2*R. In a 10W charger, (10/220)A flow through the resistor. So the resistor's power would be P=(10/220)^2*260000 = 537W :) Thansk for the video! It's the best one about SMPS I've seen so far
I'm looking for this comment.
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When you create real value content, is when your videos and channel start going up. Thumbs up for the good content.
@Explorer The voltage of the primary coil seems to be a pulsating dc, not ac. That means pulsating dc can induce voltage( not only ac) in the secondary coil of transformer
I think this is the video that I am searching from a week..... Thanks alot
Great Explanation 👍👍👍
I am also your subscriber
Aap bhi to great hai sir
Abhi bahut acche ho
I am your real subscriber
Can u find the mistake in this video
You make it understand better with 3D visuals and animation.👍
i'll be proud to share it on all social media man !!!!! just perfect !
Excellent explanation with animation - crystal clear - keep making more such informative videos
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Very well explained. This video will help me in repairing some faulty mobile charger.
This is very basic switching power supply, the principle is the same but you might find thay some are much complex depending on the design and output power requirements. I am electronkcs technician and i somehow do repair advanced switching power sjpply down to component level. Goodluck mate.
Thanks@@sthandiwe7825 for the information and encouragement.
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As they say..."The ones who really want to learn do...."The tools are available.." and I thank u and all who share the knowledge...
With AC, it's probably a good idea to "know" before "doing" lol
Great animation and explaination !! 🤩
Keep posting such amazing content Sir🙏🏻👍🏻
The resistor on the phase input would not be 260kohms. At that value there would be next to no input voltage to the bridge. The value is more likely to be less than one ohm.
Now that you mentioned it. Maybe the third band was gold and not yellow. So it will be 2.6 ohms.
The video cannot be changed but I will mention it in the description.
Thank you for noticing.
watch my video friend!
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Wow.....amazing video. I've watched about 2 dozen similar videos (many from well known channels) trying to understand what you have communicated so effectively and simply in just 6 minutes! More please! Subscribed with 🔔!
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Excellent, really great. I was waiting for this. Thanks for uploading such a great learning things. We wish long live for u & more video in the near future.
The resistor on the AC mains input circuit feeding the bridge diode arrangement cannot be as high as 260K ohms. They are a fuse resistor normally in the range of 1.8 to about 2.8 ohms at 1/4 Watt rated. (I used to work in designing power supplies and a lot more sophisticated than the simple type used for charging phones). Some years back I was designing precision power supplies for communications systems. These were linear supplies. These were multi level supplies with both master regulation and sub regulation circuits using linear regulation circuits. I also worked in designing some types of switching supplies.
The main input capacitor from the bridge diodes is normally about 5.6 to 10 mfd at 450 Volts rated at 105 Deg. C. At as low as 2.2 mfd there may not be enough smoothing to give proper and clean stability. Some of the lower end power supplies will use less than 5.6 mfd for this capacitor.
For voltage regulation via the opto coupler, the feedback is more linear. It is a constant type of feedback making sustainment to keep adjusting the oscillator duty cycle of the high frequency drive pulses to the transformer. When more load is added that will try to drop the 5 Volts, the duty cycle is widened more toward 50% and thus more current drive to the transformer to compensate, and thus stability occurs. With less loading the duty cycle is stretched out accordingly to keep the 5 Volts as accurate as possible. Usually better than about 0.2 of a Volt.
The phone or tablet has its own battery manager that will reduce the voltage to about 3.2 to 3.8 Volts and regulate its own charge current depending on its own battery requirement. Also, there is thermal monitoring of the battery to prevent overheating of the battery. When the battery is charged the battery manager will reduce the charge current to necessary sustainment current and thus prevent over charging.
Other than all of this, the explanation is well done and for the average person it would give them a good idea of how one of these simple 5 Volt switching supplies work.
so, thermal monitoring system avoid the battery to be over charged! Some times I connect my phone to charger in Night and unplugged it in morning. I think this system might save my phone from overcharge.
What will happen if somebody charge his phone 7 days without unplugging???
I do chemistry and biology but this was explained very well and easy to digest. Thanks
hiiii
"and this is diode" ... ok nice to meat you diode
Thanks for the video, awesome animations =)
What a video man, this man deserve more that that of a UA-cam Channel.
This man deserves TWO UA-cam Channels! Great Great Video! Please keep doing more
Amazing tutorial! In the case of a microcontroller being used for the switching phase, how can I lower the mains voltage of my country 120V enough to start the chip? I have used the SG3524 to build DC to AC inverters and I would like to use it for a SMPS as the chip can generate a PWM up to 300Khz and work from 8V to 40V. Thanks for sharing the amazing video!
You can use a step-down transformer to lower the voltage to 15-20V, then pass it through a bridge rectifier and filter capacitor (1000µF/35V). Also, you can use a voltage regulator(LM7812 -> 12V/1A Out) with a capacitor (1000µF/16V) after the rectification. This would give 12V DC for Vcc of SG3524.
@@ExplorerStuff thanx for the fast response👍🏼
If you're talking about a SMPS with a controller that needs powering then some controller ICs are designed with an undervoltage lock-out and a very low standby current. The controller is started from the mains via a dropper resistor. The current charges the aux supply capacitor. When the voltage on the capacitor exceeds the starting voltage the controller comes out of standby.
@@oliverbroad4433 thanks!
haw, 57k subscribers... you should have atleast 1M.... wait for a while, we indians are coming. you will reach 1M soon.
Need this type of electric circuit explanations ❤❤
very inspiring channel, thank you!
You Deserves More Subscribers🤗
Great detailed explanation. Please review the markings on disk capacitors. I believe 102 nf indicates 10 plus 2 additional zeros or 1,000 nf value. Thanks.
I'll just hijack this comment to say that it is not 102nF or 1000nF. Hopefully no one has used the circuit posted. That would be quite dangerous to do so.
The capacitor in between the primary and secondary should be limited in value since it can be a low impedance path from the AC line if it is too large. Touching the output side will essentially be connecting yourself with the AC line with only this capacitance in between.
A 100nF capacitance with a 230V 60Hz line has 26.5kOhm of impedance and will allow up to 9mA of current (painful shock). Increase that capacitance to 1000nF and you have a maximum of 90mA (can be lethal).
It also has to be a special capacitor that is safety rated because it can fail shorted if it is not, which will make the output directly connected to the line. Again, touching this output will electrocute you.
Please don't play with high voltage circuits. You can kill yourself.
@@ronnueda933
Correct, the cap is 1nF or 1000pF, "102" means 10pF + 2 zeros. That's a common value for such interference caps.
Another mistake is of course the inrush resistor value is way to high, should be 4R7 or so.
Also, the secondary diode is polarized wrongly. The diode is sopposed to be *reverse* biased while the primary is energized, so a magnetic field can accumulate in the core, which, when the primary is turned off, collapses into the secondary with the diode conducting and charging the cap powering the load.
This is an important detail as it sets apart the flyback transformers (with air gap in the core to hinder saturation during accumulation!) used in low power devices like USB 5V supplies like here, from other kinds of switch mode transformer set-ups.
thank you so much . what SW did you use for the animation ?
thats about the best explaination i ever heard in elctronics thank you
Thank you for posting. I’ve always wondered how they have achieved this voltage reduction without generating heat. Why are some power transformers still so large ? Who invented this technology ?
If it makes u feel any better people 200 years ago thought up and harnessed these concepts and are named after there findings ..ohm's..Faraday..volts.all these things are people names ..and we teach it all common place in school and were dumber now than then WHAT HAPPENED..nobody invented any of it just harnessed it
CRT televisions were among the first devices utilizing this concept, to generate the high voltage for the anode of the picture tube. Of course with step up instead of step down transformers. 1930s probably...
Some power transformers are large because they are running on the low mains frequency itself...
Which has some advantages like less electric (going to the load and back into mains) as well as magnetic (radiating from the transformer and wiring) high frequency noise, and better reliability. Or they are used because the load requires low voltage, low frequency AC instead of DC.
Great job. animation quality is super good and the way you tell. I have subscribe and waiting for more video. Keep it up plz.
This is amazing! Thank you so much :)
Well explained. Very basic SMPS. Advanced ones with multiple outputs, they are more complex (Electronics Technician)
بہت اچھے انداز میں موبائل charging کے بارے سمجھایا.
شاباش
ذوالفقار
پاکستان
اسلام آباد
میرے چینل پر ائیے۔ اس سے بھی بہتر ویڈیوز ملیں گی۔
Your Channel must reach 1M subscribers as soon as possible.
With an artificial voice...
Isn’t it safer to step down the voltage before feeding it into the rectifier circuit, or is this configuration necessary to make the circuit independent of the load resistance?
And wouldn’t the half wave rectifier circuit lead to power delay?
Excellent tutorial. Hats off for the animations it really needs a lot of work.
English isn't your first language
The resistor's value is too large to be a fusible resistor. It should be below 10 ohm
The 260k resistor limits effective current flow to
Your explained input resistor at ac side before the bridge rectifier is too large in size. Such resistors are very low resistors and acts like a fuse.
It was a mistake. Its 2.6 ohm not 26 K ohm.
It was a golden band and I thought its yellow.
@@ExplorerStuff yes sure. I realized the same.
I never knew a charger would work this way, thanks for the information!
12/24/2021
Very clean explications! Thank you!
The conventional AC/DC converter is a 220/5V single-phase transformer + full-wave bridge rectifier( four diodes arranged like that in the video) + filtering capacitor. However, this circuit will result in a heavier phone charger since the frequency used is 50Hz
Note that the transformer’s size decreases by increasing the frequency.
So they thought about this idea mentioned in the video
We will use a full-wave bridge rectifier converting from AC into DC, then we apply that DC voltage on an oscillator circuit that converts that DC into a high-frequency AC voltage, so in the final step, we can easily use a small transformer to a 5 V , however, this voltage is AC
So we will use one diode( half-wave rectifier) which is more economical than a full wave rectifier, and a capacitor for filtering purposes!
The final input/output voltage is 220V_AC to 5V_DC!!!
260Kohm fuse resistor? That is insanely too large of a value! Are you sure?
Actually its 2.6 ohm.
There was a gold band and I thought its yellow band.
Cannot change the video, but I did mention it in description.
Yep, it's 2.6 ohms acts as a fuse.. but still the explanation is 100% satisfaction🥰👍👍
I like the way you trying to explain. Its spoon feeding! Thank you!
Thank you so much ❤ i was looking for these, very informative & helpful.
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Thank you for your effort in dynamic visualizing component It is awesome work.
You just earned a new subscriber. Great explanation, I was looking for something like this for a while now.
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thank you so much that was very useful you do more than we expect
When I heard, 'Now you know how the charger that we use daily works' I nodded my head. I thought I heard my phone laughing at me.
Please keep this going.. much love from 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka
Also I couldn't follow all the way, this is the best viewable explanation of a circuit.
If this would be, what I'd imagine by looking at a circuit(diagramm) than I'd say I'd understand electronics.
Maybe one day...❤
You worked a lot on the animations for explaining.
We know, you had to do much much hard work to make this kind of animation. Your explanation & voice also 💖💖. just excellent . keep it up👍👍
Very nice explanation. What about the transformer details if we have to get it done? Can you please share that as well?
Amazing video and a very good explanation!
A quick question, which text-to-speech engine are you using? It sounds really good, I almost couldn't tell.
Google TTS. 😀👍
I could tell, it's extremely off-putting.
The animation and explanation are really wonderful
When u don’t listen durning online class and there is a test-
I have a question, what program do you use to make this animation?
Muito obrigado por seus vídeos!
Thanks a lot for yours movies!
I am searching this kind of explanation for the years. thank you
Please Sir upload switch mode power supply video.
i aways thought it worked like a flip flop circuit, cutting the ac wave in many chunks, then using a capacitor to filter everything in 5 volts xD
This is also somewhat similar. cutting the DC in many chunks (PWM at transformer).
@@ExplorerStuff just asking, can i change the output voltage by changing the resistors ?
@@l0k048 Not the resistor but by changing the Zener diode.
Also change the output and input capacitor to higher voltage and capacitance.
(If increasing the voltage) The transformer can provide up to 20 volts but don't increase it above 15V or the transistors may get damaged.
@@ExplorerStuffthanks
I learned how chargers work. Amazing stuff.
Great explanation and animation. You deserve more subscribers.
Was looking for someone explain the circuits in the same way thank
Very nice animation. A lot of work to do this. Thanks for sharing.