Saurophaganax: The Predatory Leviathan of the Jurassic
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- Опубліковано 28 чер 2024
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00:00 Introduction
00:24 What Was Saurophaganax?
02:51 Why Saurophaganax Is Not Allosaurus
04:50 Saurophaganax Ecology In The Morrison Formation
07:00 Was Saurophaganax A Pack Hunter?
08:00 Leviathan (The Jurassic's Biggest Theropod)
Saurophaganax maximus was the biggest theropod in the Jurassic Period, but remains relatively obscure despite being the biggest apex predator in North America besides Tyrannosaurus. New data indicates that not only was it a beast in the same league as the biggest megatheropods, but it was a sauropod-hunting grappler with powerful arms, claws, and other adaptations for taking down the giants of the Morrison Formation. This video analyzes Saurophaganax's life, ecology, and size in order to create the new authoritative guide to the animal. Saurophaganax may be a dark horse in the megatheropod race, but it might be bigger than popular giants like Carcharodontosaurus and Spinosaurus when it comes to the largest specimens of each species. Is Saurophaganax different from Allosaurus? Saurophaganax coexisted with other large predators like Torvosaurus and Allosaurus, and may have hunted huge sauropods like the Kenton Giants, Barosaurus, Brachiosaurus, Apatosaurus, and Diplodocus. Including the gigantic specimen Leviathan, Saurophaganax was the second-largest North American theropod, only behind Tyrannosaurus itself in terms of overall mass.
The source for the Saurophaganax specimens and measurements is DJ Sandy aka 7 Shots, who has been working with the animal for years and will be publishing a formal redescription soon. Measurements are not reproduced in this video in order to respect the Sam Noble Collection's social media guidelines.
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As if we don't have enough adverts from UA-cam, it is compounded with uploader ads. It is really starting to pee me off. The content is no longer worth it.
2:51 sponsor skip
Look up the definition of leviathan.
😮
Reconstructing this animal was definitely a time-consuming challenge but it was worth it in the end. Grateful to have been a part of this and thanks for all the amazing feedback
The goat right here
It's really neat to see a researched skeletal for saurophaganax! Whenever I've seen them in the past they were just scaled up allosaurus skeletons; now I can truly appreciate the differences between these similar animals
@@TheVividenplease make video about Victoria trex
OMNH 10357 is the aforementioned D13? It was described as a proximal caudal
@@hspg no the d13 is OMNH 1188
Saurophaganax I feel a criminally underrated megatherapod more people should know about
its a very unique theropod ..even experts that were around the excavation mention that ...
Agreed
animals are not "under-rated" - that's fanboy nonsense - they are as well-documented as possible in scientific works - and that's all that matters
@@Scion-cy6wj It still deserves more recognition as a briliant megatherropod dinosaur.
Since most just assume Saurophaganax is just a bigger Allosaurus, but there is more to it than that.
@@danielharris5044 How is an animal "brilliant" ??
Slight correction to the video: Allosaurus and Torvosaurus are not found in the Kenton Pits, and the Kenton Member is separate from the Brushy Basin member. While it remains highly possible that Allosaurus and Torvosaurus were in the same environment as Saurophaganax, we have yet to find them directly preserved together.
Please make video about Victoria the trex
Is a torvosaurus thicker than saurophaganax in terms of muscle mass
@@tyrannotherium7873Not really unless we’re speaking proportionately but even then I’d say Saurophaganax would generally be slightly thicker than Torvosaurus. If we compare their skeletons, we’ll find that Saurophaganax is has a more “rotund” body while Torv has a “elongated” body and a larger head with a more downward neck compared to Saurophaganax making Torv a little shorter
@@biluroy2666Tyrannosaurus, no such thing as a trex.
@@kyachdistent1301 isn't t Rex just a short name for it
Crazy people directly researching these awesome beasts were so actively involved. Awesome team effort to everyone involved.
Everybody did a great job!
Man both Irritator and Saurophaganax really got some interesting papers this year, I love it.
Whoever animated the Saurophaganax and gave it that weird hand position has somehow managed to make one of the most terrifying predators ever to live look fruity.
Thank you for the feedback! I appreciate it and will make sure to correct this "hand position" next time.😉
Saurophaganax maximus. The only Jurassic theropod who is approaching the size of largest cretaceous megatheropods.
Saurophaganax is an ultimate version of Allosaurus
Amen.
Think it’s an adult allo/large specimen or a completely different species?
@@Do27gg There is so far only a small margin of difference between the two morphs that whether or not they belong in the same species is dependent upon the opinion of the person reviewing the material. On my part I'm sticking with Allosaurus Maximus until a more substantive difference can be identified.
@@nicholashaan7345 as allo is my favourite Dino I’d love it to be a big ass allo 😂
The Ultimate Allosaurid Form, Shadow the Saurophaganax, Chaos Jaws!
I just love that there's one named Munchkin. Imagine coming back as a ghost and finding out that's what they named you.
Something funny about the skeletal is the fact that I reconstruct Saurophaganax in a manner that's reminiscent of the later Carcharodontosaurids, with a raised neural spine and the Carcharodontosaurid-chin, as well as bulkier arms. And I got it right despite never seeing a proper skeletal and drawing the animal from memory 9 times out of 10 since good reconstructions are so hard to find.
I loved the whole video and the information was incredibly interesting!
Further analysis might bear out that hypothesis! I'm excited to learn more!
It wouldn't be that off since Allosaurus itself is now reconstructed with a relatively larger head and a longer skull than the one seen in WWD
Justin McKee is a fantastic paleo artist! He is a close friend of mine, and I am so excited that his work is used here!!!
Thank you for this. Regardless of its true size, the research described helps paint a better picture of Jurassic North America. There's nothing more I wish I could see. Saurophaganax taps into the thing I find so interesting about Allosaurids and Spinosaurids, the retention of robust arms on large therapods. Plenty of other therapods go for big heads, but large arms indicate something special and different was happening.
Amen to that!!! Kind of the same reason I'm so invested into Acrocanthosaurus!!!
If they're gonna make more seasons of prehistoric planet, they need to Stop showing the mastrictian epoch. I think we have plenty of information To have the BBC make it take place in the In the late Jurassic. And don't get me wrong ,I really do Like late Cretaceous Oceanic biodiversity Mosasaurs are my favorite marine reptile, But there is a lot of interesting Ocean wildlife in the jurassic
Saurophaganax takes the true title of the lion of the Jurassic!
I still wonder,why is camptosaurus the biggest unarmoured herbivore in the Morrison formation that isn’t a sauropod? I mean, the dinosaur park formation proved that there could be 6-7 ton unarmoured herbivores with carnivores in the size range of the Morrison formation, and with leviathan being even larger than most other theropods in its area code wouldn’t it make sense for unarmoured herbivores in the Morrison formation to reach 5-9 tons? Yet the biggest unarmoured herbi from there is 0.9 ton campto
That's a great question!
Sauro is the tiger u mean. Torvo the bear. Allo the lion.
@@nigerjohnson4977sauro is the bear, torvo the tiger, and allo the lion
@@nigerjohnson4977 Bears are *much* bigger and stronger than tigers. The big Kodiaks are twice the weight of even a big male tiger
@@nigerjohnson4977 I like that analogy. Everyone wins.
Real life Indominus rex 🔥🔥🔥
Never expected to see a WoWs ad in a video about a dinosaur.
Just done watching this and I can say that you’ve done an excellent job covering such an underrated but awe-inspiring predator!
DONKEH
@@TheVividen The Donkeh is here
So I am guessing Torvo gurneyi is no longer the biggest carnivore of Late Jurassic?
It's amazing to see so many people coming together to shed light on such an underrepresented Megatherapod!
Loving the fact that at least half the names are from the norse pantheon
Well, allosaurs and carcaradontosaurs were fairly closely related. It is possible that Saurophagonax shared a close relation to both types of dinosaurs.
Saurophaganax is definitely one of my favorite Dino’s so I’m happy to see it get some love. Great video as per usual Vividen
I want this guy on Jurassic World Evolution so bad, or at least in Prehistoric Kingdom, it looks so insanely cool I'd love to see a rendition of them in some dinosaur park builder.
Me to, I want him on path of titans as well
But he is already in Prehistoric Kingdom
@@tysdogvlogs6697well good news! There is a saurophaganax mod in the making by the wrath of Goliath’s mod team! Not paleo accurate, but still it’s planned to be in the making.
@@Alpha-Fury I’m in the “lost world” server on path of titans, their currently getting ready to launch the Morrison formation server soon, and saurophaganax will be playable, I’m excited
@@tysdogvlogs6697 ooo I sometimes get lay in that server too! Not a fan of the growth system, but it’s t’s still nice. Having the Sauro in there would be 👌🏾
Underrated predator
Very true!
7:50 Love seeing New Jersey in unexpected places, fellow Shikikan.
I'm truly honoured that you would use my Discord quote as the thumbnail text. (h)
h indeed
Saurophaganax is my second favorite dinosaur and the fact that it was 8.3 tonnes is mind blowing which makes it bigger than almost every carcharodontosaur with only mapu and giga surpassing it. It truly is the apex predator of the Morrison Formation.
Saurophaganax is slightly heavier than mapu. It's also a ton heavier than spino.
Making Saurophaganax the 3rd biggest megatheropod ever discovered
Among theropods only giga & Rex are heavier than sauro.
@@Bangojicenter that means that sauro is bigger than every carcharodontosaur besides giga.
@@Evolved-Godzilla70 fax.
1.Tyrannosaurus- 11.5-11.7 tons
2. Giganotosaurus- 10.1 tons
3. Saurophaganax- 8.39 tons
4. Mapusaurus- 8.36 tons
5. Carcharodontosaurus- 8.2 tons
6. Spinosaurus- 7.8-8.1 tons
@@Bangojicenter nice
So happy to have been a part of this :)
Thank you for making it possible!
Screw off
Whereas I am ecstatic that allosauridae are finally being proven to having been formidable adversaries, I am content to stay a fan on fragilis as they are already well balanced. 😁
Saurophaganax is literally the underrated over successful yet unknown older brother for all the clout allosaurus gets.
I never recognised how much this thing had the ultimate mashup of hybridised traits of a predatory artillery like the indominus.
Almost feels like the doomsday of Jurassic megatherapods. Or like allosaurus is homelander. Saurophaganax is omni man.
Amazing work as usual vividen 👏🏾❤️. I’ve got to wonder though. Is it not possible that they could’ve had more range than we thought. I find it hard to believe this and torvosaurus were the only real competition compared to allosaurus.
It's an incredible animal! And yes, I think it's likely that it existed in more areas. Hopefully we find more remains soon!
@@TheVividen very hopefully! Truly deserves more love
If Snax were to be a Carcharodontosaurid, what would Leviathan's mass be roughly?
And is there any updates on Bertha's paper?
We're not sure yet--a phylogenetic analysis is in the works, and should be included in the paper. Looks like sometime next year is possible, but all good things take time!
I’ve first heard rumours about Saurophaganax getting a size buff over a year ago; now the news seems to be starting to go public.
Though I don’t think comparing Saurophaganax to battleships is flattering to the animal. Battleships (especially the WWII-era battleships everyone loves and argues about) are massively overrated and overhyped, Saurophaganax isn’t.
This dinosaur has one of the coolest powerful name I've heard a 8.3t jurassic theropod is scary usually jurassic theropods range between 1t to 5t so if I'm correct that potentially makes Saurophaganax heavier than Stegosarus?? If yes that's incredible!
The video said leviathan weighed 8300 kg. That's equals to 9 tons. Left out the decimals.
@@fillit8839 Yes I know 8.3t I referred it to 8300 kg
This all sounds like bullshit! Where is the evidence? All reliable sources I've seen but saurophaganax at 3 to 4 tons, and I think those are seen as adult specimens.
@@william3100cope
This has to be my favourite dinoasaur
And don't let anyone tell you it isn't valid.
Great pick!
all I'm hearin' is that the Rite of Spring segment of Disney's Fantasia, long thought an artifact of erroneous early dinosaur knowledge, has been vindicated
Saurophagamax the third most disputed dinosaur I know of, after troodon and spinosaurus
The Saurophaganax display at the Sam Noble Natural History Museum was one of the first dinosaur displays I ever saw as a small child and I think it’s what really cemented into me just how awesome dinosaurs are.
iv never seen the skeleton of it,but from photos it looks impressive...iv been aware of it for years...
I'm very interested in the environment of the Morrison. Thanks for making this vid!
I’m glad to see more material coming to light. For a long time I was convinced that it was at the very least, a distinct species of Allosaurus under the same genus. Looking forward to that paper being published.
Amazing 3d effects. This Ivano borghi guy is good
He's great! He really outdid himself on this one!
Allosaurus has always been one of my favorite dinosaurs but now hearing there's a bigger one. Essentially on steroids, is very cool.
Good job on the video! I’ve often confused it with allosaurus but this cleared things up. Thanks!
Ayy shout out my boi Justin for that fantastic thumbnail!!!1111
Man you made Allosaurus too small compared to the other theropods
This has to be one of my favorite dinos, glad to see an in-depth review.
Bruh that sponsor segment came out of absolutely nowhere. Got me good lol
I’ve always loved Saurophaganx, it’s my favorite dinosaur
0:03
Me on my way to the fridge at 3 in the morning to get string cheese:
Everyone loves Allosaurus but here we have this horrifying king that could easily rival the T. _rex_
Rival in size im guessing?
I used to be interested in dinosaurs but after getting into college and busy with other interests I only occasionally peeked into the world of dinosaurs. With no internet in the early 2000s I have to rely on the occasional magazines and newspapers to get updated. I only seriously dove into the world paleo media in the UA-cam space just recently and I sure missed out on a lot of things.
I only have one burning question: When and how on earth did the sauropods started having those very thick, at times very phallic-looking, necks? I was aware that feathered theropods gradually replaced the old scaly versions but these new sauropod illustrations is quite a surprise.
I live in western Colorado in the Morrison foundation. Riggs found his brachiosaurus and apotosaurus a few miles from me. Loads of allosaurus found here...But it's cool to think snax was running around, potentially. No fossil evidence.
The hypothesis that Saurophaganax is a basal carcharodontosaurid is interesting.
That would make it THE earliest carcharodontosaurid.
Veterupristisaurus and Lusovenator would be just as old
but it isn't -- it is very, very closely associated with Allosaurus and may just be a larger species ...
@@Scion-cy6wj Yes indeed, but maybe Saurophaganax is an Allosaurus that has evolved into Carcharodontosauridae
@@Siamotitan789 um, what?
@@Scion-cy6wj Saurophaganax is Basal Carcharodontosauride
I really love how the videogame "Ark" is often used as visuals for alot of videos like these X)
W video bro
I'd say saurophagnax is bigger and strongest version if allosaurus
Actually no, Saurophaganax is a fully evolved carcharodontosauridae
make about a video about the largest carnivorous dinosaur from the triassic now, i want to know which species hold that title
Wow I didn’t realize how big Saurophaganax was compared to Allosaurus. It makes the lion of the Jurassic look like a chicken
Im really happy to see this video of saurophaganax, this genus is one of my all time favorite dinosaurs and my favorite theropod just tied with Maip Macrothorax, thus is great video as always
Could you perhaps make a video on the Sauroniops?
Sauroniops pachytholus size~ 12.6m & weight 7.7 tonnes
Cool, all cool information on a dinosaur i didn't know existed
"And did I meantion that its bones were radioactive?"
I'm sorry, *WHAT?!*
Although I play world of warships, and other games like it, I was not at all expecting a sponsored ad for it in this video.
Vivid when is the next t Rex video I'm dying to see how big Bertha was or if ed cope is just the rest of the Manospondylusspecimen which could make him bigger
Bertha should come out by the end of next year, but we're not sure yet. Hopefully sooner!
so tired of hearing about t rex
Fantastic virtual models. Loved this video
I wasn’t sure if this theropod was one of favs but it got their in time
Leviathan the Saurophaganax is my favorite of his species
This is the perfect roster for Isle.
Maybe it's just the way the skull and arms look, but the appearance of the Saurophaganax almost makes me think of it like a cross between a Carnotuarus (the horn-like blades of the crests) and an Allosaur even if the arms look long enough to almost be convergent evolution between a Carnotaur and Carcharodontosaur
I spy a little New Jersey cameo standing in the corner near the end of the video.
Is there a reliable source on the size of ED cope? only thing i can find about estimates of its total size are reddit threads and not actual studies
I love your channel.
5:02 Yo, watch out for the Resonance Cascade.
since a lot of paleo youtubers are talking about large non-avian theropods I would love to see more videos about the other large predatory creatures of prehistory. the two I would love to see get more love are Barinasuchus and Megistotherium due to them being some of the biggest predators since the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Both amazing animals!
@@TheVividen I feel like a lot of Cenozoic carnivores get littile to no attention by he general public. I drew a picture in my sketchbook of a Barinasuchus eating a Perucetus carcass.
@@gattycroc8073same with triassic ones
Long live the Lord of the Lizard Eaters
Sauro got the biggest buff
Ikr. 5 tons to 9 tons is massive.
Here’s a question for anyone I’m wondering. Aside from day spinosaurus did snax have the longest arms of any known theropod or did some megaraptorans surpass it. Thanks Mike
Gonna be a good video
Any idea on when the paper will be out? Also, could this be a sort of in-between animal from Allosaur to Carcharadontosaur? Saurophaganax is my favorite dinosaur.
The meat cleaver chevrons indicate to me a greater musculture attachment, for a movement to counter what is happening towards the head. Could be anything from a fast walk head bob to a reach out and strike, the tail whips like a squirrels for balance
My favorite Dino of the jurrasic 😍
You are the new GOAT in this space. Another awesome video. Aside from Prehistoric Magazine I also write Prehistoric thriller novels and I have a new one early 2024 with fasolasuchus in it. I’ll have to mail you a paperback book when it’s out. Mike
Thank you, Mike! I dig your videos!
@@TheVividenI appreciate that greatly. Thx, Mike
Do we have any idea how tall at the hip a big Saurophaganax might have been. I envision it nearing the height and length of trex but not burdened by truly enormous weight and having long arms huge claws. A real nightmare. Mike
@@PrehistoricMagazine Almost 4m for the giant Leviathan, around 3.9m
@@7-sBone-Pitthanks for the note. Mike
Love your videos, keep up the good work.
My favorite dinosaur
I agree saurophagnax is cool but i wouldn't say its as cool as the indominus rex
good show
Thanks for this amazing Saurophaganax video. Saurophaganax 3rd biggest theropod 🔥🔥🦖
Edit saurophaganax is the 4th biggest mega theropods
Top 5 largest carnivorous dinosaurs
Weight/Mass= size
1. Tyrannosaurus rex
Weight- 11.5 tonnes
2. Giganotosaurus carolini:
Weight- 10.1 tonnes
3. Mapusaurus rosae:
Weight- 8.4 tonnes
4. Saurophaganax maximus:
Weight- 8.3 tonnes
5. Spinosaurus cf. aegyptiacus
Weight- 8.2 tonnes
T rex 11-12t. Giga extremely fragmentary, NOT VALID! The giga "complete" range 8t. Spino range 6-7t. T REX IS "INFINITELY" STRONGER AND HEAVIER!!!
Is it me or all the dino channels decide to upload at once in the same day?
The Jurassic Tiger 🐯
Someone else commented this but im now intrigued, what on earth is epanterias? Is there any info on epanterias?
So if it’s potentially a Basel carchar how do we know if it had the crests like allosaurus
I never understood the arms, they are so short, that if it did hold down prey it would have to bend its head almost 180* for the jaws to work the area the hands are holding. The hands also don't extend past the collar bone so reaching out to grab doesn't seem like an option...
I actually have a claw replica of this animal and it was my very first fossil replica. Without a doubt it is the king of the Jurassic Period so it is without a doubt it is the third largest theropod in North America
2nd largest theropod in North America. Surpassed by only to T rex
I mean it’s a debate I heard
@@tyrannotherium7873what
@@MonsterZilla452 it’s available on who is the second largest
@@tyrannotherium7873
2nd biggest American theropod Saurophaganax now weights 8,300 kgs as this vid explained.
3rd biggest American theropod Acrocanthosaurus weights 6,800 kgs. Clearly saurophaganax is the 2nd biggest American theropod not even a debate
i got a uromastyx and named him Phaganax after this dino :3
is it possible that Antarctica or maybe even australia have therapods similar to Saurophaganax since the southern hemisphere at the time had more land and most members of Carcharodontosauridae have been found in Africa and south América?
Saurophaganax is huge, similar in size to T-rex, Bahariasaurus is another large predator, which could measure 13.4 meters in length.
You never hear anything about bahariasaurus yet the femur of it was absolutely huge. Makes you wonder if bahariasaurus was the true king of its ecosystem and not carchar or spino
Huge yes, but still far less massive than T-Rex.
Sauroniops is another huge theropod that measures 7.5 tonnes . Making it comparable in size to carcharodontosaurus
@@SamirZehar-ol1dcBahariasaurus isn't as robust as carchar.
Carchar is the true king of Africa
Bahariasaurus is 11.6 meters long. Not that large.
Didn't know that there's quite big gap between Allo and Sauro size😳
I can’t help but play devils advocate here mainly because Snax is one of my favorite dinos, but what if Saurophaganax was allosaurus specifically evolved to hunt large prey. Let’s assume that Allo occupies the niche similar to a lion, we’ll also assume that Ceratosaurus is essentially a paleo hyena that contests Allo as the apex predator from time to time. This would mean that Torvosaurus would have no choice but to either compete with Allo or become something like a leopard, where it still hunts the same prey items but in a different way.
With all this in mind, this leaves the Allos with a lot of competition from different carnivores and would lead it to hunt new/different game. Instead of hunting small-medium sized game that’s getting preyed on by Cera and Torvo, maybe they decided to go hunt larger game that solo torvo’s and short Cera packs couldn’t take down. Now, a pack of allosaurus might not be able to fell such titans like Brachiosaurus, but they COULD take one down that was young or sick. Over several generations, some Allos chose to exclusively hunt larger game and so evolved to grow larger and much more muscular so that if their pack was too small, they could still wrestle a small sauropod to the ground and gain access to plentiful food allowing them to continue growing and evolving into the leviathans we find today.
Idk, just a theory. You have earned a loyal subscriber today!
So you’re saying that sauro to allo is like lions to those giant lions on that island in the okovango delta?
@ThemagpieBird734 pretty much. Or imagine that there was a giant super-lion that hunted hippos, rhinos and elephants.
Saurophagonax: If the indominus rex was cool
Still a fearsome predator even if it’s just bones.
I was literally just thinking this the other day!!!! "What dinosaur was most like indominus....Saurophaganax or Epanterias!" I thought
pack-hunting would not matter against adult super-sized sauropods - no animal will normally risk the kind of injury to itself from getting hit by that tail or a leg-bump of massive momentum behind it - too easy to break a leg bone that will be fatal - there would be no 'ok, I'll take one for the team"
"did I mention that it's bones were radioactive"..... you can't just leave it at that. Do you mean Radiocarbon dating? Are all examples more radioactive than other fossils?
That sounds fascinating. Please and thank you for having made these videos.
From what I understand due to the way the Morrison Formation had preserved the bones of the animals living there, they are all pretty radioactive. The same is true of the Two Medicine and Chinle Formations.
This's WWD allosaurus
Is there a source for this pls tell me if there is