What NASA's Dawn Saw on Ceres and Vesta Stunned Me | Supercut
Вставка
- Опубліковано 27 тра 2024
- The NASA Dawn Probe's stunning findings around the dwarf planet Ceres and the protoplanet 4 Vesta. A complete recap of the Dawn mission.
Astrum merch now available! Apparel: teespring.com/stores/astrum-s...
Metal Posters: displate.com/promo/astrum?art...
SUBSCRIBE for more videos about our other planets.
Subscribe! goo.gl/WX4iMN
Facebook! goo.gl/uaOlWW
Twitter! goo.gl/VCfejs
Astrum Spanish: bit.ly/2KmkssR
Astrum Portuguese: / @astrumbrasil
Donate!
Patreon: goo.gl/GGA5xT
Ethereum Wallet: 0x5F8cf793962ae8Df4Cba017E7A6159a104744038
Become a Patron today and support my channel! Donate link above. I can't do it without you. Thanks to those who have supported so far!
Image Credits: NASA
NASA's dawn mission to explore Vesta and Ceres ended after a remarkable 11 years in space with no fuel to point its antenna at Earth. It left the protoplanet Vesta in 2012, reached the dwarf planet Ceres in 2015, and remained in orbit after a successful mission in 2018.
When Dawn entered orbit around the asteroid Vesta, it became the first spacecraft to circle an asteroid in the area where most of the Solar System's asteroids are found, in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter. Dawn is part of the NASA Discovery mission and was designed to orbit the asteroid Vesta, which is located between Jupiter and Mars. The Asteroid Belt Unmanned Probe is a mission designed to rendezvous with and orbit the asteroid Vesta, the largest asteroid. As with the asteroid Vesta, the unmanned asteroid belt probe entered a series of circumpolar circular orbits that will provide vantage points to study almost the entire surface of the dwarf planet.
Dawn was the first mission to explore the dwarf planet, reaching Ceres a few months before the New Horizons probe arrived at Pluto in July 2015. Dawn was also the first mission to visit a dwarf planet, several months ahead of New Horizons, which made a historic flyby of Pluto and Charon in July 2015.
Dawn is the first spacecraft to ever successfully fly around two extraterrestrial objects. Dawn will now permanently orbit Ceres, testifying to the pioneering spirit of space exploration.
Dawn was originally expected to leave Vesta on August 26, 2012 and begin its two-and-a-half-year journey to Ceres. Transit month. , arrived at Ceres on March 6, 2015. Dawn reached the large asteroid Vesta on July 16, 2011 and orbited Vesta until September 5, 2012, when it traveled to the dwarf planet Ceres.
After leaving the asteroid Vesta, Dawn traveled to the dwarf planet Ceres, becoming the first spacecraft to visit and orbit a dwarf planet and the first to orbit two alien targets. On her second flight, Don will travel to Ceres, where she will become the first spacecraft to visit a dwarf planet and orbit two alien objects. Engineers deorbited Dawn from the asteroid belt in 2012 and brought Dawn into the asteroid belt for more than two years before placing it in orbit around the dwarf planet Ceres, where it has been since 2015 Data collection.
In 2011, NASA's Dawn spacecraft took the 600-kilometer egg-shaped Vesta into orbit for a year before heading to Ceres, arriving in 2015. solar system. NASA's Dawn spacecraft proved that the protoplanet Vesta was indeed the source of HED meteorites and had enough internal heat to differentiate (separate) into a crust-mantle-core structure, just like Earth.
#Dawn #Vesta #Ceres #Nasadawnmission #Whatdiddawndiscoveraroundceresandvesta
/ @astrumspace
0:00 Introduction
1:47 Dawn's Ion Engine
3:37 Vesta
11:44 Ceres
It's like he is always smiling when talking
Probably enjoys what he does.
David Attenborough of space stuff. Really do think so, too.
@@jaakkopontinen No wonder I love them both 😉 Some voices are just made for narrating the marvels of the universe!
He sounds like Fart from Rick and Morty
@@damarisburrimccolgan8989 Coincidence, related or married? :)
Astrum is one of those channel that uploads videos with more than 18 minutes of video and yet it always feel like I'm watching not longer than 2 minutes. And after watching it, always leaves me satisfied and filled with more wonder. Thank you so much for this and all the videos you've made so far.
For god's sake stop looking for attention you're embarrassing yourself
@@papayamadness1019 im literally just commenting wdym
@@KieranReed729 do not pay the troll attention, your comment is good.
making 20min feeling absurdly short yet again
Was glued to the screen, great work alex :)
It's hard to believe that rock is actually 300+ miles wide and just floating around in space. I tried to imagine the troughs along the equator as being bigger than the grand canyon but my brain won't let me lol I can't even picture it. That's amazing.
Imagine if that rock was thousands miles and had water on it too..and animals and people. 🤷🏿
@@isaiahprice9247 pssh. can't happen. name ONE time that happ...er...name TWO times that happened.
@@MrKago1 WE ARE THE ONLY LIVING CREATURES, IN TRILLIONS AND TRILLIONS OF STARS, DID YOU MISS KINDERGARDEN?
@@MrKago1 fun fact: I've seen a ufo with my own eyes.... So.. nobody can tell me sh*t: Also a fun fact..🌠 🌈
@@JEFFLWALSH why we so attracted to floating rocks? Not just floating rocks but tens of thousands mph flying rocks...rocks that are attracted to big balls of fire..🙋🤦🏿
We live in amazing times and it's so easy to take it for granted. To us this is just normal stuff (just another video) but for thousands of years all these things were unseen... unknown. Now we can watch anything from sperm fertilizing an egg to the surface of a distant rock in space... all without ever leaving your house. We truly live in amazing times.
And still there are plenty of willfully ignorant science deniers, who prefer to cling on to a Bronze Age delusion.
It's unfortunate that you don't leave your house
theres a temple, n india, with a sperm on the ceiling. over 1000 yrs old, plus,another has a dinasour carving on a piller.same age. ancients knew about precession, & all the planets positions. & that sirius was abinary star.. so,,nothing new here.. eh.. ancient history teaches you more, than, need another seven astronauts, or, to the point,,never a strait answer. bet you didnt know, nobody was buried in nthe pyramids,, as they were built as power generators.. fact..yes, there amazing times we live in,being lied too every day.. the moon wasnt formed from an impact..as there are stories of ''times before the moon''.. earths history, is more interesting than the sht they spout on here..why do you want to visit an asteroid, millions of miles away, instead of giving a starving person,a meal.?.
@@thelonewrangler1008 Same to all of us. But we are like this sadly. We still have ALOT of time for improvement. Yet we still don't know if things have even gotten better or worse.
@@thelonewrangler1008 I think they were just pointing out the convenience of being able to watch all this amazing stuff just from your house considering back in the day a lot of people had to go out to see anything on tv like the moon landing or needing a advanced telescope to see anything in space up close.
Beautifully done. The stars and universe only make me feel like a tiny particle, yet intimately connected to it all. Thank you for this! ❤️
This was beautifully put to words
you are star stuff, be proud!
@@tiffanymartinez3138 ❤️🎇🌠🌌🪐
Gotta love every minute of these videos, to let me forget at least for a short time about the harsh reality on earth. Thx Alex!
Children are easily entertained with fiction
@@hosstyle4926 Of course! Life on this planet is ficticious too, so we all get "entertained"
@@hosstyle4926 You need a psychiatrist
I love in this video and many others, the close up detailed photos of unique features, geology, craters, formations, canyons, mountains, scars, ice, etc. So many details and so little time!
I will likely do a deeper dive at some point, I find it all so fascinating
I literally pore over the images for hours.
And it doesn't take much for me to imagine being there. You wouldn't believe how much I yearn to see pictures of the surface of Jupiter's Galilean Moons.
@@skateboardingjesus4006 the public school system fucked you up good
Dawn was awesome, and "Ion Drive" just sounds so cool and futuristic, like something from Star Trek or Star Wars (Twin Ion Engine!). And while we bemoan the loss of Pluto, let's celebrate the upgrade of Ceres to Dwarf Planet!
Didn't Pluto just get reinstated as a planet?
Sounds futuristic but has been around for at least 40 years ! Look up ion propulsion craft !!
@@GameTimeWhy as far as I know, no. It's still a Dwarf Planet.
It may have been demoted,
but it's still a stunning five mooned binary dwarf planet king.
Here's to you Pluto and Charon 🍻,
still a prized member of the family.
Interestingly enough Dawn has 2 Ion engines, main drive and a backup. Making it a TIE probe. 😝
It's one thing to see these objects from Earth. It's amazing to see these objects up close and personal. We have learned so much from many unmanned missions. It never gets boring.
@@amytaylor5454 LOL! Bot much? 😂
Vestan Geologist here.. Cool and amazing video!!!!
It's interesting that Dawn was left in orbit around Ceres. Several other spacecrafts visiting foreign bodies were carefully disposed of, such as Rosetta that was crashed into comet 67P or Cassini entering Saturn's atmosphere. At least for Cassini, there was a concern that life from Earth might contaminate one of Saturn's moons if it crashed into it and large parts of the spacecraft survived the collision. Is there no such concern with Ceres? Not that Ceres itself would host life, but maybe could carry it somewhere else.
this is the origin story of the alien invaders that will wipe us out isn't it? if they are looking for food I would like our future overlords to know that LA is by far the best tasting selection of food. us country bumpkins are terrible for cholesterol and taste bland. its the water.
It will be interesting to find out exactly how much hydrogen and oxygen (in the form of water) Ceres has.
If the idea is contamination control at end of mission then it doesn't make sense to crash the spacecraft into Ceres. Ceres has no dense atmosphere to burn up the spacecraft (sterilising it by heating). Instead because of the lack of atmosphere it would simply crash into the surface contaminating it entirely.
This is also something where I have a bone to pick with the Rosetta team about 67P.
😀😛😛😘🤔
Fantastic video! Really learned a lot. I don’t recall ever hearing much about the Dawn mission back when it was happening.
Did
I remember a public radio guest touting Ion Propulsion. Never knew it actually happened.
U missed the “what’s that bright spot maybe alien city???” Hype. Fun times
Yeah it certainly didn't receive much attention from the general media.
Nice, Dawn mission in one video
👀
Watching those real images, makes me respect Elite Dangerous (game) developers so much more. To those who don't know what Elite Dangerous is, it's a space simulator(ish) sci-fi game, where you're able to go anywhere in Milky Way, but the detail of our Solar system is so good, they actually take real info from NASA and other places and make game as realistic as possible. Those planets and asteroids literally look like game footage, it's so well done. On some reason you can't land on moon yet tho, they probably working on extreme detail, but it's all so realistic. Only other devs who have put such detail into their game, were Arma 3 developers and they actually got arrested in Greece for "spying" on military base. They wanted to record real footage of real military bases and add some of that stuff into their game.
The whole time I was watching this video I too was thinking about Elite Dangerous' Stellar Forge system. After Stellar Forge Predicted the Trappist 1 system, Frontier should have realized they had some gold worthy of more deeply developing. The system is a triumph with the incredible star systems it generates.
Honestly *THAT* is what kept me playing Elite, witnessing all the variety of planets and systems that a simplified physics model could generate.....(After 7 years playing I'm still a Mostly Harmless Elite Explorer)..
...SADLY Stellar Forge is also why I stopped playing....or rather the entire abandonment of Stellar Forge in favor of some Fortnight FPS focus with Odyssey, giving over all development to the "Pew Pew Crowd". Elite couldn't and Shouldn't have ever tried to be an FPS shooter game....wrong crowd and already a crowded sector, Elite was about the realism and FPS shooters aren't (unless people can run 20mph sideways while jumping 10 feet in the air).
Realism would have looked more like "Lone Echo" with a focus on interacting with objects in your immediate space, like floating in Zero G up to an asteroid and doing an EVA to investigate some interesting discoveries...Instead we now have a weird Minimall environment that actually breaks the "no artifical gravity" lore. (on Fleet Carriers notice the decks are not perpendicular to the direction of travel, everyone should be sliding across the decks from the thrust of the ship)...le sigh.
....Anyhow I hope in the future someone creates an updated version of Stellar Forge with all the new planetary Genesis information we have learned over the past decade.
I have to check this out! Thank you!! 😁
Don't count on Fdev for improving Elite Dangerous much...They threw console players out the window, no further development. I'm done after almost 2 years of playing sadly...
@@adamj8385 really aww man I just recently started getting into it
Will check out the game thanks
Space exploration is mind blowing! I absolutely love it!
Awesome video, hadn't planned to watch the whole thing as I have work early tomorrow but damn here I am haha
Those NASA's dioramas never cease to astonish me!
Conspiracy flogs not welcome
your passion about this topic makes your videos all the more satisfying to watch, keep them coming!
For the chronicles.
A note about the Rhea Silvia crater.
Rhea Silvia was the mother of Romulus and Remus, the two brothers who founded the city of Rome in 753 BC.
Rhea Silvia was initially a Vestal Virgin; but she met the God Mars, and she forcibly had the two sons - Romulus and Remus - with him.
Thanks for the great video.
Regards,
How exactly does Rhea Silvia(a living person) have sex with a "God" in order to produce two sons who ended up "founding" Rome? Not to mention you left out the best part where Romulus and Remus go all zoophilia and suck on some wolf titties.
If you plan on throwing random untruths at us, at least make sure not to leave out the good bits!
Greek/Roman gods try not to rape people challenge (impossible)
Tremendous love from Pakistan 🇵🇰
Its great to see your videos before going to sleep according to Pakistani time!
Excellent channel with awesome content 🌍💯💖
Waste of Space.
Exciting! There are sights of wonder to be seen, but not in our lifetime.
Thanks for showing this.
You are in my top 3 astronomy channels i watch reguarly.
Excellent work you do!
I love your channel. Great work, my dood.
Great video as always my friend!! @Astrum !!!
my son is part of a group working on the replacement for the ion engine. what he can tell me about them. amazing.
You must be very proud of his achievements, good job Dad, and Son.
@@jodyknight very very proud of him. smartest person I've ever met. and that's really really saying something. I've been in mechanical engineering for 25 years.
@@kevinquist how wonderful, your job/work must have had an influence on his career choice and engineering ability.
The particular colours and formations of Vestalogical material appear to span the art history periods impressionist (Monet-ish), abstract expressionism (Jackson Polak-ish), and constructivism (somewhere between Malevich and Kandinsky-ish). Add to that - that the two major impact craters appear of equal size and circumferentially intersect each others’ circular centres and create the shared ogival form known as a ‘Vesica Pisces’ and I think we should take this talented asteroid very seriously!
At around 11:08 these images are amazing! At first they looked like bubbles poking up, until you kind of work out where the light is coming from - then they turn into crater masses - an optical illusion that you can swap with your mind. Thank you Alex for yet another fascinating, well narrated and produced video with so many awesome images and footage. Thank you so much for sharing. It's a bloody shooting gallery out there, isn't it?! :)
Stop War and Stop BLM
Wow didn't realise they were crates
Fantastic presentation -- well researched and thorough in content coverage -- excellently presented ... Loved it, thank you!
Absolutely LOVE your videos. The images give me goosebumps. Just seeing whats out there is incredible.
All the images were computer generated. You’re in love with cartoons lol
@@hosstyle4926you must be delusional then
@@mrcraps3238 you must be attracted to children
I love your channel man! Thinking back on it now, I would go to the length in saying my recent interest and obsession in astronomy derived after having watched one of your videos.
Wooohoooo!! My country got mentioned!!
Thank you for making such awesome videos !
7:53 is fantastic, well done whoever made at via NSF
I really love your videos they are so interesting and informative, keep up the good work man.
Love this channel, watch n learn interesting interstellar stuff 👍🏻
I am a space geek, and channel is awesome.
Very high standard this vlog Alex, full of info and interesting facts 👍👏👏👏👏
I don’t know nothing you’re talking about but u keep my attention from beginning to end and plus I love learning so thank you
Another great video!
Not too technical, with great visuals and narration.
What a great video. Having seen pictures of the asteroids they didn't look like much, just a bunch on lumpy surfaces and impact craters, but with your explanations I can now look at them with new eyes and see the unique and weird structures for what they really are. The cryovolcanoes are my favorite, to think we know it has interior salty water because it builds them out of salt is insane. I wonder if you could make pickles with Vesta salt, an out-of-this-world side dish for sure.
With the 4k video I'd recommend stopping the clips at interesting spots, taking a snap shot and examining the surfaces at close up views. When doing this ask yourself if this thing should be there? I see a lot of things that I have to answer no to.
@@GleebyDeebyEeby The salt on Vesta and Ceres May contain unknown chemical impurities, though. I would not want to try it unless I know exactly what is in it. We know that the table salt we buy at the grocery store is safe because it is purposefully processed to be safe.
@@melissawickersham9912 The impurities make YOU the pickle, silly
thank you for putting this together, fantastic images
The distances involved in space always astonish me. It's hard to get your head around.
Absolutely amazing. I love the content that you produce.
Thanks for another mesmerising video!
It is always a pleasure to listen to you videos, very educational work thanks.
Simply star quality resulting in a meteoric rise in viewer enjoyment... You "are" the "Space Whisperer". You are also a good human. just saying. 510 points awarded. Cheers.
Amazing video , keep up the great work 👍🏼
I _love_ your voice! Could listen to you all day long.
Me toooooo ❤️
Wow, what a nice vid Alex. This is great! Very interesting. Thank you, bro!
That was pretty cool. Very interesting, looks like a nice vacation spot.
Oh yeah baby
Groovy man I grew up with the lingo and it drove my parents crazy.
Love this stuff!
I wasn't interested..... before I watched this.
I'm now fascinated!
Thank you
Thanks, I remember when that was launched. The ion engine is what stuck in my head. Thanks for the info.
Thanks, Alex! ☄
Very interesting, good to see there is still some good scientific research and data gathering being done beyond earth in the solar system.
soon it won't matter anymore, once we have tech to be able to move between planets within seconds, we can literally go and do the research. Imagine a "car" that can take you to Mars in less than 10 minutes.
@@SethiozProject "soon" is totally not the correct word to use here.
2:09 So cool!
Great video, thanks!!
I remember that first photos of Ceres with those white spots and hoped it was some kind of alien base... :)
What the bright spots turned out to be is just as interesting and a potential indicator of habitability.
Luv science...Wonderful video !!!
Great Vids! keep up the good work!
Please, and I think I speak for everyone, start uploading in 1440p/60fps!
He doesn't need to do that for me. I have such a small internet allowance I often have to watch things at 144p!!! Yes of course it sucks, but I can still see what's going on and hear every word that is said. Sometimes, it depends on the size of the files he can store and work with easily on his computer and editing software in his studio/office set up. Another thing to consider is; we don't know how many people work on this channel or what their budget for content creation is, so your request could be out of their current reach. I'm just grateful for what we're getting now. It's great quality free content. I do understand your request and I'm not having a dig at you btw, I see that you too appreciate the great videos being made.
9:34 the first false colour image makes it look like Vesta is covered in mother of pearl
That’s awesome
5:44 Vesa got smashed! It's like a compression fracture. The valleys that circle "As deep as the Grand Canyon." Very cool!
This was immensely informative and interesting! Thank you so much for sharing :)
My two thoughts on Ceres mountain: "Oh it has an outie belly button!" and "It looks like it can fit in the crater next to it, like it was dug out."
Silly thoughts.
Thank you for sharing, this is a great teaching aid.
To give a really nerdy sense of scale for mount Ahuna on Ceres at 17:44 - the film version of Sauron's tower, Barad Dur, would be exactly 3/5ths the height standing next to it.
Are you comparing it to a fictional tower?
@@nealmceneaney3771 Well how many real world 3 mile tall buildings are there?
@@z-beeblebrox
How about something real x3?
@@nealmceneaney3771 Then it wouldn't be very nerdy now would it?
No laws in Ceres, just cops.
I imagine that asteroid poofed up 10000X by radius to build giant space habitats with modern materials. 50000X the living space of earth. It's possible!
Well done! Now I know where I'm going on my next vacation!
insightful! I've enjoyed many of Astrum's videos and only now realized that I hadn't subscribed.
Thought for sure this was going to be an April Fools video about alien igloos or something!
😂 that would've been awesome
I always enjoy these 🤗, Vesta was the Roman Goddess of the hearth and home, women and children? And the city of Vestiva is named after her in Alabama so I've been told.
A very nice presentation. Congrats!
The Belters loved this video
asteroids are like the mosquitos of the universe
Except the asteroid's aren't blood suckers.
wait til a big one fall over your head lol
Except not really
Does an ion engine eventually run out of fuel? or just keep feeding it electricity?
It needs propellant. Xenon is best but expensive.
They do run out of fuel, they usually keep relatively small amounts of a gas like argon. However their fuel efficiency is measured in the thousands ( ISP - specific impulse) , instead of 200-400 like chemical rockets.
@@tertiaryobjective thank you. ☺️
I just started watching this channel astrum and I just love it
Great video! Super interesting. Thank you! 🚀
How do we know Vesta is smallest object that is differentiated inside? Always nagged me how we presume to know the distinct interiors of so many objects.
Yes, I know what you mean, they should perhaps be saying: "so far, Vesta is the smallest object that is differentiated inside that we have observed."
@@jodyknight I mean, what makes them think Vesta is differentiated and not Juno or Pallas? What are they looking at that tells them a body's interior is one way or another?
@@glennbabic5954 you'd need to ask a planetary geologist I think about that, but it would definitely be interesting to know how they know these things.
@@jodyknight I imagine you can tell more about a body's interior by how moons orbit it and by meteorites from it (although I don't know how we know how some are from Vesta and not from say Mars). It would make a good video.
@@glennbabic5954 Yes it would make a good video and yes, I wondered how they knew it came from Vesta and not another body such as Mars when we haven't landed on it (Vesta) and taken samples to compare them with as far as I know.
Ceres is a dwarf planet not an asteroid >:(
um ceres is a dwarf planet and a asteroid 🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓
He literally calls it a dwarf planet 11:43
Yeah, and Vesta is a minor planet
Little person planet.
It was Asteroid for very long time since discovery after few decades it was reclassfied to dwarf planet ...same as pluto was downgraded to dwarf planet after very very long time
So Ceres was the first in a long series of asteroid discovery. Fun fact, it's not an asteroid any more. It used to be a planet, then it was reclassified as an asteroid, planet, then it was reclassified again as a dwarf planet.
I freaking love the real HD photos ! More please !
Thank you!
This "Planet Embryo" was analyzed at "Planned Planet Parenthood" and the doctors sadly informed them the embryo wasn't fully developing? At least we have resources to have these things cared for in a helpful way to families planning on growing planet embryos.
Ahahahahahahhaah
The company I work at manufacturers the ion engines for Star Link satellites!
Id love to see an in depth video of dawns thrusters and instruments
Every time the lighting angle changes, my brain flips from seeing craters to seeing mounds-and back again.
After watching some horrific & depressing news from Russia’s brutal war on Ukraine, it was so relieving watching this, & reminding myself of how beautiful this cosmos is.
These videos of yours are so important right now Astrum.
These videos remind me of someone commenting on the beauty of a small spill from a giant grain silo, perhaps mentioning even how a single kernel hopped further than the others and the little scales on the grains surface (where visible).
Ignoring the 100 thousand ton silo that it came from.
E-I-E-I-O
Like not seeing the forest because you're fixated on a leaf.
Really enjoy the detail in your videos
More enjoyable while imagining the soaring noise of a TIE Fighter, despite the extreme low pressure.
Sometimes I get really angry about the year of my birth. I live at a time where we just keep discovering things involved in science and astronomy. People who were born 150 years before me didn't look up at the stars and think about all the things we've done in the last 50 years. But the big thing is what will happen 150 years from now. I believe people will be able to go into space and visit places. We live in a time where we have no ability to do any of that. Some people get to go other than astronauts, but those people do so because they have huge amounts of money. A average person like me have no chance to do that. I'd give almost anything to have my own spaceship. Something I could fly off the surface of Earth and into space, travel to things like the Moon or Mars and be able to return safely. I really believe that people will be able to do that by 2182, and I'll be long dead and forgotten completely.
I feel the same.
Something my grandmother said that always stuck with me is "most of what was science fiction when I was a kid is a part of everyday life now."
I guess the least we can do is learn more about space and prepare future generations
You can’t be Ceres about all this.
Hello there 👋👋,how are you doing today?hope you’re having a good day?God bless you!💕
He is. He has a Vesta interest in asteroids.
Ceres was once covered in ice. Enough for a thousand generations of Belters.
Thanks for the awesome work!
Hello there 👋👋,how are you doing today?hope you’re having a good day?God bless you!💕
I love this stuff. Astrologer here showing love ❤️
I didn't know astrologers watched science.
@@Onigure surprising that you do not know that most of this space science is based on guesses. It is okay though, space is interesting, and we are all learning.
@@progiddalamdenport Guessing is fine. If you say you are just guessing tho.
@@Onigure off subject, but you look handsome.
Extremely interesting. So many new things
Thanks! A very enlightening video.
excellent compilation. thank you