Class7th Science chapter 1 Nutrition in Plants part 1 detailed explanation in hindi
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- Опубліковано 11 лют 2020
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All living organisms require food. The food gives energy to the organisms for growth and maintenance of their body functions. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are the components of food. These components of food are necessary for our body and are called nutrients.
Nutrition is the process of taking food by an organism and its utilisation by the body. Green plants prepare their own food while humans and animals are directly or indirectly dependent on plants for their food.
Modes of Nutrition
On the basis of a different mode of nutrition, organisms are categorised into two major types, i.e.
(i) Autotrophs (auto-self, trobpos-nourishment) Autotrophic nutrition is the mode of nutrition in which organisms make their own food from the simple substance (e.g. CO2 and H2O) by the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, plants are called autotrophs.
(ii) Heterotrophs (heteros-other) Humans and animals do not contain chlorophyll and are dependent on plants for their food in readymade form. Those organisms which cannot prepare their own food and take food from green plants or animals are called heterotrophs and the mode of nutrition is called heterotrophic nutrition.
Photosynthesis: Food Making Process in Plants
The process by which autotrophic green plants make their own food from simple inorganic substances (carbon dioxide and water) in the presence of sunlight and green pigment or chlorophyll is known as photosynthesis.
Site of Photosynthesis
The process of photosynthesis takes place in green leaves, therefore leaves are referred to as the food factories of plants. The. the photosynthetic process can occur in other green parts of the plant-like stem but is not enough for meeting all the needs of the plant.
Reactions Involved in Photosynthesis
The whole process of photosynthesis can be given by the following equation:
Cells
All living organisms are made from small building units of catted cells. Cells are the structural and functional units of the body of all living organisms. They can only be seen under a microscope. The cell has a thin outer boundary called cell membrane, a distinct, centrally located spherical structure called nucleus and jelly-the substance surrounding the nucleus called cytoplasm.
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