Finding Solutions to the Fermi Paradox with Harvard's Dr. Avi Loeb
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- Опубліковано 18 вер 2024
- A new interview with Dr. Abraham "Avi" Loeb from Harvard and update on the subject of Oumuamua, the Fermi Paradox, interstellar objects. Life around red dwarf stars, solar flares, and the search for intelligent alien civilizations. This is part two of a two part interview with Dr. Loeb.
Have Aliens Found Us? A Harvard Astronomer on the Mysterious Interstellar Object ‘Oumuamua :
www.newyorker....
6 Strange Facts about the Interstellar Visitor Oumuamua:
www.cfa.harvar...
"COULD SOLAR RADIATION PRESSURE EXPLAIN ‘OUMUAMUA’S PECULIAR ACCELERATION?", Bialy and Loeb, 2018
arxiv.org/pdf/...
Is Oumuamua A Light Saul? Featuring Dr. Avi Loeb: • Is 'Oumuamua a Light S...
Why The Universe May Be Full Of Alien Civilizations Featuring Dr. Avi Loeb: • Why The Universe May B...
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Why The Universe May Be Full Of Alien Civilizations Featuring Dr. Avi Loeb: ua-cam.com/video/6ckgBxRASTo/v-deo.html
The Mysterious Interstellar Object Oumuamua With Harvard's Dr. Avi Loeb: ua-cam.com/video/rDZyI83Bj2w/v-deo.html
John Michael Godier please may I ask if you may pose a question to Dr Loeb in your next discussion with him. I would like to know Dr Loebs thoughts on what would be protocol or indeed what would be advisable if human beings sent a probe to a near by inhabited star system. For example if Oumuamua was a reconnaissance probe, and if we were the ones who dispatched it, and found intelligent life in the habitable zone would we then make contact with it? Indeed if we discovered another civilisation at the same stage of development as ours, even then what would be the next step?
I assuming these issues have been considered by someone somewhere.
I would like to know Dr Loebs, and your own thoughts, on this issue.
A guest from the planet Vulcan!
Very logical guest choice mirror Spock approves.
That's an amazing get.
@@ZestyCrab did you hear the shout out to you.
If we ever travel far in the universe to another planet with intelligent life, let's just make patterns in their crops and leave.
We call dibs on spirals.
Lol perfect idea!
even our galaxy
Or make spirals made of dead body on snow.
Oh wait that's a show with a bad ending.
😂🤣
Love the long format, gonna grab some popcorn!
The best UA-cam channel with my favourite guest 🙂
Great guests! We may not be special when looking at the universe, but within our galaxy, we may in fact be special.
If we only knew...
Man, the score on these EH presentations is awe-inspiring. Well done!
loving this longer format stuff
I absolutely love this. I've said it before, but I could listen to John and Dr. Leob talk all day and night long. Such interesting stuff. Love it 😊.
Fantastic presentation and format. Very well done! The music score was amazing. Looking forward to the next one!
Love the intro song. Seemed like an homage to Interstellar.
How this channel dont have millions of viewers is an unsolved mystery in and of itself. Lets get this channel to "M" status, people.
People are watching garbage like Joe rogan
I bet only dorks know what "M" status means but anyways .. I think channels like this aren't "mainstream" because mainstream people aren't very smart/curious/intellectual/mathematical. Sorry for the cynicism but that's my 2 cents.
Doesn't vs don't
You have to be intelligent to watch this channel and so far there is not evidence of intelligent life on this planet.
Because not everyone is a geek like we are.
One of the best and most thought provoking interviews I have ever seen!
Isaac Arthur is the one that gets all the praise but this dude beats them all for me. Great work!
I don't see how.
If some fraction of the dwarf stars is quiet and doesn't flare excessively (as off the top of head I think is the case), then there are still a huge number of dwarf stars that have potentially habitable worlds.
Great point!
Yet another drake equation variable that we can't practically take into account until we go out and look.
Personally I think the two major factors that have given life enough time to select for intelligence are Jupiter and the moon.
A rocky planet in the habitable zone of its relatively long lived yet stable star, just small enough to allow rockets to get off the planet, with an asteroid sweeper gas giant in the outer solar system and a moon to provide a stable axial tilt for billions of years (one that only came about thanks to an astronomically unlikely collision with another planet that was just the right size at just the right angle).
Given what we know about what allowed us to evolve, I'd say rare earth is by far the most likely solution to the fermi paradox and makes it seem extremely unlikely that intelligent life that can explore the stars would occur at all.
Of course we cant know for sure till we go look.
One of the most interesting people on Earth to talk to, thank you!
Got to say, thinking the Fermi Paradox somehow disproves the existence of alien life is as irrational as thinking Stealth aircraft don't exist because RADAR can't pick them up.
The Fermi paradox and the great filter just explain why we haven’t found alien life and that life in general is rare and unique. Either life is too delicate to evolve or the advances of intelligent beings will be their own demise. I believe there are actually 2 great filters. We passed the first one with the delicate development of life on Earth. Now, we are approaching the 2nd.
Well done team! Back at it again with the awesome Dr. Loeb! And I’m greatly looking forward to next week :]
Omuamua had me thinking of Star Trek IV back when I had first heard about it. Glad I wasn't the only one. :)
I have been following Your commentaries for quite a while now. I have enjoyed them and now Your Event Horizon have catapulted Your shows to an even more informative level. Thank You Sir !
Excellent! Superb content, dazzling visuals and animations. Best opening sequence ever ~ great editing.
Wow, what a guest for next week!
Holy crap! New or louder intro music!? Great content as usual!!
Great material John! I also enjoy these discussions with Dr. Loeb.
I like and enjoy these long discussions and think people that really enjoy the science do as well.I can just hit play and go about doing whatever and let my mind be captivated by science in a good long topic discussion, especially on my commute to work. As well Dr Avi is always a great welcomed guest as I know we have had him a few times before.
Anna's accent is just incredible.
Lord Pax wat?
Carl Herr Anna is the female “AI” type voice in the intro and during breaks. Voiced by Eryn Knight
She remains me Shodan from System Shock games. Cool voice!
WOW! The already good production quality has really stepped up.
That last part is very interesting. Oumuamua might go back to the speed it had before the encounter with the solar system, to the Local Standard of Rest. Another reason to set after it with a rocket. We should start a fundraiser for hiring a SpaceX rocket..
Great show
This was my first viewing of event horizon. Very enjoyable I came from John Michael's other UA-cam page. I am going to come back for more.
Great video jmg always a treat to listen to you. Thanks man.
Great info and high production values in this video!
Event Horizon never fails to impress. 👍
I think at this point Dr. Loeb has been in approximately 83.6% of Event Horizon's content. I am not complaining! Love these long and soothing nerdy vids.
Sorry I missed the premiere
I was away....
Great video, good to be back to see it....
Nice episode. Good conversation, well produced video, and deserves more views.
The intro music really set the tone for this video
I love your channels.
Sweet. Avi is a great returning guest for this channel.
Such a fascinating subject.
We can only *hope* one thing, that the (Rip) Steven Hawking wasn't right, that there're no Destroyers, No Brainiac, No Brethern Moons, No Flood/Reapers, No Join United Space Federation/Holy Cthulhu Cult or get Kinetic Bombardement.
There probably isn't. And if there was, it would be impossible to hide anyway.
I don't think "bad aliens" are gonna be a factor, because we are already hell bent on destroying ourselves in the near term from the increasing adverse effects of the following.
Global heating, extreme weather events (heat/drought/flood), nuclear weapons in the hands of infants, vulnerable nuclear power facilities, ocean acidification, ocean anoxia/deoxygenation, surface ozone toxicity, industrial & fossil fuel/mining pollution (on land, water & air including plastics & indestructible man-made chemical toxic products).
In 30 years time with a further foot rise in sea levels, a rapidly starving & declining human population will likely have stripped the polluted degraded land of all its plant food & clean water resources and will be eating one another. The remaining 70% of the Earth surface (the oceans) will by then have become an open sewer as the marine ecology approaches terminal decline. After that aliens are not likely to find many, if any, surviving humans who might perhaps have adapted to living in a wholly artificial habitat.
I hope that I am not wrong because it may all happen earlier.
@@twirlipofthemists3201 Our tech is primitive af; we can *barely* see asteroids; let alone noticing literal alien objects on the last minute like omuamua...
...or the Tet from Oblivion. Or Skynet from Terminator.
The DORUK
Ugh 😑
We’re already slaves of the top 1% of the wealthiest humans.
Aliens 👽 probably treat us better 🤔
That intro was devine.
Another great episode 👍 Thank you!
Thanks, another excellent episode.
We are not special. -- Dr. Abraham "Avi" Loeb
So when it becomes even more clear that we are alone, are we special then?
no
Matt A - With you on that 100%. I think the Earth is very special, possibly unique in our galaxy, if not maybe one of literally a handful. Life on Earth is immeasurably precious imo. I totally disagreed with the guest's kind nonchalant attitude about Earth and life here.
@@charleswood7001 ......the guest had a false humility....
@@charleswood7001 Unique? We haven't found an earthlike planet with atmosphere and oxygen yet?
I think the inteligent life is what is unique, earthlike planet are not
"Even more clear" than perfectly unclear? There's zero info. We don't know anything.
Great show and fun chat Vulcans and LeBarons you can't beat it!
“We’ll make great pets...”
Or domesticated livestock 😆
Epic as usual... carry on... :)
:)
New music is good
Yourself and Dr Avi Loeb make interesting conversation. All your guests have been great man Event Horizon is bringing it to the cosmic table. Please get Mitchio Kaku on to break down the multiverse for us!
more Dr. Avi Loeb! He is captivating and always speaks on extremely interesting topics.
Will do! I very much enjoy chatting with Dr. Loeb.
"Other species might not find us interesting." How about our music? They might flock to us for our music.
Great intro
It would be interesting if you have the option to translate in all the videos that you produce, this helps the channel to grow because there are a lot of people who do not know English, and who are interested in videos related to this topic.
This video has no option to translate so it is difficult to understand the video of voices.
This would also help the channel grow more, Isaac Arthur's channel is always careful to provide translation in all the videos that it produces.
Avi is the gift that keeps on giving
So glad someone finally addressed the issue of chirality.
Excellent video! I have come to fully enjoy your work! Thank you! I have been going over past videos and definitely enjoy hearing content I am curious about!
Hello John you never cease to amaze and blow my mind you are absolutely without a doubt an intelligent person.
Thank you for your all your hard work.
ooooooh Tuvok! no way i'm so gonna tune in
Yeah, it's a fun conversation! Tim's awesome.
That's Tim Russ to you. The man with 2 first names.
Post Event: great show. Could avoid some more complicated questions though, such as global warming, CFCs and such.
Oumuamua, although moving quickly compared to a solar system object, was dog slow in interstellar terms. If it's a light sail, it isn't a very successful one. It takes literally eons for it to get anywhere. I'm surprised that someone as learned as Dr Loeb entertained that idea in the slightest.
I agree. I think the thought is that, since it's tumbling, it's debris from a destroyed probe, not one operating as designed. However, if an impact occurred at interstellar cruising speeds, I think some parts would continue on at near full speed while anything directly impacted by a collision would simply be vaporized - I don't think you'd get much in the way of slow-moving debris.
@@nkordich Thank you. I know he's published many papers, etc, but in this video, he's all over the place and contradictory. He entertains the idea that fast radio bursts might be massive directed energy beams to launch sails to near light speed. Then has no problem suggesting Oumuamua, at it's incredibly slow speed, which is what you'd expect from a comet or asteroid ejected from another system, might be one of them. Make up your mind, Dr Loeb.
@@JCO2002 TBH, I actually appreciate that he went out on a limb to pitch the idea of light pressure being the source of 'Oumuamua's acceleration as opposed to simply unobserved outgassing. I don't think it's likely, and I've heard others in the field complain about his presentation of this theory (fueling speculation 'Oumuamua is an alien spaceship), but it did get me thinking out of the box as to what could lead to an extremely low-density object. That led to my pet theory that it's a flake of graphite or some other form of carbon shed from a carbon flash (mentioned in an earlier comment on this video).
Wikipedia summarizes the carbon flash as "In stars with masses between 8 and 11 solar masses, the carbon-oxygen core is under degenerate conditions and carbon ignition takes place in a carbon flash, that lasts just milliseconds and disrupts the stellar core. In the late stages of this nuclear burning they develop a massive stellar wind, which quickly ejects the outer envelope in a planetary nebula leaving behind an O-Ne-Na-Mg white dwarf core of about 1.1 solar masses. The core never reaches high enough temperature for further fusion burning of heavier elements than carbon." - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-burning_process#Stellar_evolution
In other words, they violently eject a *huge* volume of carbon in less than a million years. The carbon cloud it shakes off is so thick they can actually blot out their own light from our observation. Much of that carbon maybe atomic, but we all know how carbon likes to bond with itself - how much of those quadrillion tons of carbon form into sheets of graphite, graphene, diamond or other carbon structures, such that it could actually be moved by light pushing on it? How fast would such a piece of carbon be ejected, if it formed, and are there any stars that fit that rather precise profile that would have been a carbon star millions of years ago and would have intersected the path we believe 'Oumuamua took? I don't know, not sure I'll be able to figure it out, but I had only considered this as a possibility because Dr. Loeb proposed something off the wall.
Here's the video from another channel that originally called my attention to carbon stars: ua-cam.com/video/Vx2DFu40MKE/v-deo.html
As much as I'm tickled by having a possible alternate explanation, I expect it's far more likely the acceleration was merely unseen outgassing from a relatively normal rock.
@@nkordich Good post, thanks. I'm mainly irked by him being responsible for all the headlines/stories that some astronomers suspect it was an alien probe. It was extremely irresponsible, and seemed designed to garner attention for himself.
This is my favorite UA-cam channel by far. Always interesting and captivating. As well as highly educational. I wish I were born in the 25th century!!! Kevin Gallagher
Great content as always!! Love Godier and Love loeb!
The aliens first question will be,what kind of wine we go good with.
ben witt
Nah - we’re toxic from all the processed foods we eat . We’d be toxic to consume. Lol 😂
However , 🤔 💭- perhaps they’ll go after all the organic Vegans 🌱
Ha ha ha 😂
Every discussion builds a clearer visual and analytical understanding of the universe. Thanks
When can we see the woman with that fantastic English voice ?
What is that intro music? I could listen to that for hours
Deep Space III by Miguel Johnson
ua-cam.com/video/TfR4OAmXtSM/v-deo.html
The Fermi Paradox explained. There is a beautiful loving Universe many people claim they experience when they are undergoing an NDE. Long before any Advanced Civilization gains the technology necessary for Interstellar Travel - they find a way to escape to that Universe. In other words, it is technologically easier to get to that other very pleasant and safer place, than it is to develop the Type II Civilization Technology necessary for Interstellar Travel. This explains why we have found no sign of an Advanced Alien Civilization anywhere in the Universe.
I always assumed an advanced intelligence would become super efficient and require less energy. Glad I can listen to the smart people's thoughts on the Fermi paradox.
Will there ever be an episode about technology beyond the nano-scale like Picotechnology and Femtotechnology? Nanotechnology gets discussed a lot but what about even smaller scales?
Yes, we are working on one.
@@EventHorizonShow ,
Ok. All 3 levels (nano, pico and femto) or only Nanotech (which is still fascinating). :)
~ 38:30 I still think that we are pretty rare and special. Because if not, then there isnt any plausible solution to the Fermi Paradox left. All solutions that assume intelligent life isnt rare have been logically torn apart by Isaac Arthur.
When r we gonna use AI to find life in space?
Speaking about planetary colonization - would building subterranean protect us from cosmic rays?
Very good. I agree with the doctor about not being overly eager to contact alien civilizations. Investigate thoroughly first!
Thank you for this most excellent program.
Loeb would do well by keeping his ideology out of his science, which he massively fails to do in this talk. He hopes and wants that we get humbled by finding other similar civilizations... that's plain stupid and unscientific. Period.
There is significant reason to think that we are in fact very special, and you can make a solid reasoned mathematical point for this that is unassailable based on what we know right now, Loebs position is to ignore this because of his ideological positions.
For a long time I thought that the chance for life and in particular civilizations would be and should be common, but this was until I looked at the estimated individual odds of all events that led to where we are now. And we are not even space fairing or even a K1 civilization yet. We should aim for becoming a K2 ASAP or we will leave the galaxy void of any intelligence most likely.
Gets no better than Dr. Loeb as a guest, except maybe Isaac Arthur :)
" .. .. aliens may treat us nicely, like pets, we have cats at home .. .." - but our pets don't have nuclear weapons.
Wolf/dog weapons were pretty formidable compared to what we had available when we domesticated them, and that worked out pretty well.
@@nkordich it's a matter of scale - and there is a HUGE difference.
Mike Harrington
They have claws 🐈
Lol 😂
Life is rare. We could quite possibly be the only life. The odds on favorite doesn't always win. We need 500 specific things to happen to have life as we know it on earth. Remove one and it all falls apart. It's fragile. It's rare
We need a mission to Jupiter to catalog these interstellar objects!
Don't worry about what the experts say. All you need do is hunt up the Tower of Babel story and think it out in a modern viewpoint. We're at that point again.
You watched this video on & posted your comment via the modern Tower Of Babel.
I'm thinking more tower of Cape Canaveral.
thats so interesting thank you
great work Mr. Godier, your guests are of such high caliber
So I was thinking... You can accelerated something to a significant fraction of the speed of light with light sails, but this object has no way of slowing down or stopping at some destination, and therefore is not too practical. Imagine however that you have the laser bank that accelerates these light sails set up in both the origin and the destination. Then you can use the lasers to decelerate the object just as well as to provide acceleration. So it you have the laser banks installed on - Pluto, for example, you could have dailey cargo runs between Pluto and Earth.
Daily runs would probably be unlikely - you probably don't need to move that much mass between Earth and Pluto, and light sails are kind of slow to accelerate/decelerate - their speed is due to the fact you can potentially have them accelerate for years by shining a laser or maser on them. For travel within the solar system, I suspect a magsail (a loop or similar structure of superconducting material you hit with a charged particle beam instead of a laser) might be a better option - the acceleration on that could really knock you back in your seat (albeit for a shorter period than a lightsail).
Project Dragonfly has received attention as starting off with a lightsail for acceleration, then deploying a magsail to brake as it approaches a star. If the system is uninhabited (so you don't have inhabitants there to build a braking laser for you), this could be the way you send a first probe to deploy a laser at your destination. This would potentially allow you to send a larger probe following on the footsteps of the first, if the first could be counted on to mine and deploy a braking laser.
I have 2 solutions to the Fermi paradox. 1) We have not yet discovered any effective means of communications that works well for extreme distances. I do not believe using EM waves(light or radio) are an effective means of communications over extreme distances. 2) Normal planetary life cycles for planets that develop advanced civilizations have relatively short time periods that allow that advanced species to survive.
Like other advanced civilizations in the universe, the doomsday clock is always ticking. We do not have any chance of survival if we fail to recognize all threats against our species or fail to take the needed actions(in time) to mitigate each and every threat.
*QUESTION*
Is it possible objects like OUMUAMUA could be a sign that more is coming? What if its the beginning of a cloud of debris caused by some huge violent event?
Great show! :)
Is there any chance to get a link to the background music played throughout the interviews on this channel? There are some very fine space tunes used here.
I know one of the songs around 15:00 is from a fantastic Lithuanian producer Stellardrone. Hours and hours of songs like this, enjoy!
51:32 Right! it’s possible, that an ET civilization, could’ve used that to as a plan of being discreet, but also wanting to Probe our system, plant it there, and wait for our system, to run into it. That’s a good point
Best channel on UA-cam
Love ur channels
You should have more subscribers. This is an awesome show
love your channel
Thanks!
How can you find aliens when you can't even find sasquatch right under your nose.
At the risk of being unpopular on this fantastic sight, I find myself disagreeing with Dr. Loeb on several issues, primarily when he drifts from the astrophysical into the more esoteric philosophical realm.
It's not even a paradox. The Universe is essentially a vast emptiness of space with some scarcely scattered stuff in it. Even though the Universe is probably teeming with life, the vast distances between stars make us all helplessly separated from each other.
Our "spaceship earth" has successfully travelled around 5 million lightyears already. And whatever Nature can do, intelligently designed technology can do better. Vast distances between stars have evidently isolated our world so far, yet "time conquers all" and any distance through space can in principle be crossed given enough time. Just because Earth has, in the past, been isolated does not automatically imply Earth always will, in the future, stay that way. Empty vacuum is not a wall. Nothing is stopping anything, from starlight to Oumuamua to hypothetical spacecraft, from coming our way.
I never understood the Fermi. Why would anybody expect a civilization to spew gobs of coherent energy in all directions for no immediate purpose? As we progress, we become MORE efficient in our use of energy, not less.
It was my birthday wed 30th John thanks for this present. Enjoy you two chatting..
Happy Birthday!
@@sinOsiris thank you
@@sinOsiris thank you
@@EventHorizonShow thank you
@The Jim Reaper™ thanks
He lost me with the typical "we aren't the "center of the universe" therefore aliens exist" argument. Entertaining the possibility that technological intelligence might be incalculably rare due to the uncountable number of exceedingly unlikely events that had to happen for it to arise does not make us "special" or "arrogant".
32:50 Prior ot the 90's there was a concept called the MUF (Maximum Useable Frequency), which is the highest frequency that will bounce off the ionosphere. It is literally the highest frequency which does not escape earth. So with hardlines and limiting radio to less than the MUF we could appear to be a non-technological civ indefinitely.
I suppose we should also consider that our distance from our tamer star has likely been a factor in evolutionary terms on earth...meaning perhaps our issues with radiation are due to experiencing a much milder radioactive environment compared to the dwarf stars...
perhaps life there if the solar winds havent ripped away the atmospheres is stronger and hardier version than life here which has its extremes towards temperatures but not radiation levels. Maybe there its also evolved to handle those levels...thicker darker skins for example for anything large than microbial life.
Radiation here on earth causes mutations that perhaps for hardier life is taken into account or fought differently. We have seen this in lab experiments and a study of birds around chernobyl that found the birds were adapting to ionizing radiation.