At 80 light years radius, there are 2.144E6 cubic ly, that implies there are roughly 100 stars in a given 1 ly X 1 ly X 1 ly block. If you were to put a two stars on corners perfectly opposing each other (such that the Manhattan distance is 3) the Euclidean distance would be 1.73 light years. The closest star to us right now is 4.34 light years away.
Thanks Anton! A fascinating topic and as always you bring the latest research to bear on it. This one has a personal connection. In April of 2022 I viewed M60 and NGC 4647 which appear to be in the early stages of interaction. At first I thought I was seeing 4647's core as too bright, but that turned out not to be the core, but a supernova - SN2022hrs. But to your video, I was also surprised to learn that a bright "star" I'd seen next to M60 was actually an ultra-dense galaxy - M60-UCD-1. I had no idea such things existed until I looked it up after the observing session. Your presentation here makes it all the more interesting! (The object was observed with a 24" Newtonian at 235x)
@butchphaneuf9675 Oh how I envy you for such an experience. I wish I'd live under darker skies and had such an equipment. The most advanced of my gear is a diy build sky tracker for my dslr...
Gravity must be working havoc on all the objects inside these small galaxies. I'm very surprised that these suns don't get ripped apart all the time. I can't imagine these objects having planets unless they are out on the very edges of the galaxy. But if you were standing on a planet here it would be insanely bright even at night time.
Apparently these objects have achieved some sort of gravitational balance over billions of years of what was probably absolute chaos. One thing is certain, whatever rare planets might exist in these galaxies, you probably wouldn't want to live on one. If there are galaxies where life would be pretty much impossible, these would be candidates for it. Any planet would be absolutely soaked in radiation, not to mention any sort of GRB or supernova would likely be within kill range for life on top of the normal background radiation. I'm guessing nearly all rocky bodies would have been ejected or torn apart billions of years ago anyways.
My son pointed out to me, even though they are relatively close to each other compared to, say our galaxy. At light year separations, you could still see them as point sources of gravity and would probably not get ripped apart by others.
It is amazing that there isn't that much stellar collision at all. Apparently something similar is happening with globular clusters, especially the really compact ones of Class I - V and even more so those that have undergone core collapse, like M15
@@jufulu7066 The galaxy mentioned in the video has a radius of 80 lightyears, but likely over 200 million stars. Which would mean most stars distance from each other would be measured in Astronomical Units, NOT Lightyears. That's extremely close, and would mean (as stated in the video) that many of the stars in this galaxy would be gravitationally tied to multiple other stars in their vicinity, effectively forming large multi-star systems. To achieve such stable multi-body orbits of massive objects, smaller objects would most definitely be eventually ejected or "violently deorbited". The radius of the Solar System is around 1900 AU (a LY is about 63,200 AU). If the Solar System were in this galaxy, there is a decent chance there would be at least 1 other star within that radius. That's how jam-packed this badboy is, and to top it off, for all of this to be stable it had to have gone through a hellish phase where things weren't balanced at all. It's likely a lot of stars got ejected too in the past. Think of the violent phase of planet formation and establishment of orbits in our own star system, but on steroids.
Imagine trying to do astronomy from inside one of these galaxies..... I have no idea if it would be harder because all the densley packed stars would be in the way, or if it would be easier because the edge of the galaxy would be so much closer
With so many stars being so close, the cumulative time dilation is so pronounced that it just appears to be stable, more than it actually is from our perspective where time passes much faster.
Makes sense, as a diffuse galaxy ages the stars are brought inward until they are absorbed by the central black hole. If most of the stars are as old as the universe, the process from a young ultra-diffuse galaxy to a UDG may take longer than the current age of the universe. This process, if expediated and exponentiated by some means such as starting out as a less diffuse galaxy with many more stars, could be a means for the formation of supermassive black holes? Perhaps they are most commonly formed at the junctions of galactic filaments?
So if you strip away the outer rim of a galaxy it’d make sense that the remaining stars would be pulled closer to the central SMBH. Maybe these galaxies lost their outer ring of dark matter that counteracted the force of the SMBH causing them to become more compact.
or nothing was in the area when it was formed, i'm thinking it consists of stars because chunks of the galaxy core would periodically shear off becoming stars, which is why they're so close
It is a quite apparent that they have very low total momentum, so they could be ramanents of collision of two opposed rotating galaxies. Stars behaves as collapsing gas, with the fastest of them are escaping, and the rest is squeezed. There is no disc around central black hole due to the lack of total momentum. High energy stars do not have to have "escape" velocity, but they have to have high radial component. High velocity makes them less prone to gravitational interactions with the other stars, so they can be totally radialized and ate by central hole, they can "escape inside".
"It always fascinates me how much people romanticizes about living in these horrid places." It's only 'horrid' to you because your body is made in a certain way. To other forms of life with alternate biochemistries, those so-called 'horrid' places would just be normal to them. Everything is relative. Don't be narrow-minded.
@@douglaswilkinson5700: "We now know it cannot be silicon based" Really? So we have seen every form of life in the entire universe? We don't know shit about what extraterrestrial life could be like and if it even exists in the first place. We don't even know whether or not a shadow biosphere exists on our own planet.
Imagine living on habitable planet in such galaxy. It would be almost impossible to see further universe because of the undescribable light from all of those close stars. The civilization there would need a really strong telescope to realise that universe is a lot bigger than their own neighbourhood. We are quite lucky that we don't have such problems.
I wonder if there is a chance that these UDGs would eventually converge or collapse towards the centre. If there are many blackholes in the mix, I imagine that the result would be spectacular. And that we could not distinguish these clusters before with all of our ground-based telescopes over all this time, it is yet another reason for only building only space-based telescopes from now on.
@@DanMortensonearths atmosphere interferes with ground based observations, you can estimate Atmospheric composition to calculate and adjust for the interference, but you can never be %100. For that reason space based telescopes are vastly more capable.
Gotcha and gotcha, but I was only responding to the idea that there would BE no more development of ground-based telescopes, which I consider to be hyperbole.
This is to me what a galaxy engineered by a highly advanced civilization would look like. Possibly "orbital rings" of stars like beads on a necklace, (of course vastly further apart) with the ability to move them around, keeping stable what would otherwise be unstable orbits.
As a curious layman, it seems that the most likely theory would have to do with Dark matter getting stripped from the outskirts of smaller galaxies resulting in the collapse of the compact galaxy inward toward the central SMBH, whereas the diffuse galaxies are a result of a closer interaction with the bigger galaxy that not only strips the dark matter but also disrupts the entire smaller galaxy gravitationally.
If there were planets in those super dense galaxies then they might have extreme radiation but a few might not. Those could have life and for the inhabitants the galaxy would be easy to travel around in and colonise. Here you might find a Kardashev Type III civilization which is able to capture all the energy emitted by its galaxy, and every object within it, such as every star, black hole, etc. Given that some are as old as the universe then there has been a lot of time to dominate the galaxy.
I completely agree with you and imagine what the night sky would look like on one of the planets that could exist in that super-compact galaxy. The night sky on one of the possible planets in that super-compact galaxy would be almost pure white.
A few studies already showed that supernova's have an incredible long range in which they annihilate all life surrounding them. In a galaxy that is only 80 lightyears in size, with such an absurd amount of stars in them, it is incredibly unlikely any life will survive in them. I would love for a science fiction story like that to be true, but im sadly convinced that intelligent life is very very rare, because the universe is incredibly hostile to it
@@Fluxje : Also of relevance is that the very earliest period of the universe doesn't count for much in terms of life, as the chemistry toolkit was much more sparsely stocked- the Sun was formed maybe mid-way through a big surge in the availability of more complex elements.
@@Fluxje You are probably correct. But we have not yet found any compelling evidence for life or intelligent life, other than our own. This is also on one solitary planet in a very boring part of the galaxy and universe. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. I think that when we do find it, as I am sure we will, we may be very surprised at just how amazing life is and where it can be found. A similar thing has already happened here on Earth with extremophiles. I believe obviously in UAP's but don't believe they are of alien origin, unless one lands on the Whitehouse lawn and a grey steps out saying: "Take me to your leader, we come in peace"
7:21 the 3rd proposition sounds 'more' solid, although none of this makes any sense as to how these things have remained stable for so long. this shall be a case study for next gen telescopes.
If these are stripped galactic cores, one just needs to look to our own galactic center in regards to stability. Galactic centers are dense with older stars. Even with the jostling caused by a near-collision, those central stars would probably remain in their orbits. (Despite our own own impending galactic collision with Andromeda, very few stars will probably be close enough to interact with each other.)
i know about andromeda but we are at the far edges of MW in a sense. i reckon at the core it's gonna be chaos. anyway those strange clusters are much denser than our own center. maybe they were dwarf galaxies, stripped and... nah, it still doesn't make sense 😅
Interesting! It leads me to wonder whether there might be stars with planets at the outskirts of these dense clusters, and whether the gravitational pull of the cluster on these planets could have much the same gravitational effect that the moon has on the Earth, with tides and perhaps an impact on the crust, conducive to plate tectonics.
@@douglaswilkinson5700 Yeah, you're right. Given a 40 LY diameter of the compact cluster that means it would take the gravitational influence of in the order of 10 billion sun masses to equal our moon's influence on Earth. I imagine that would be off by several orders of magnitude. (Of course my rough estimates may also be incorrect by an equal amount... :)
Gamma burst from supernova would likely sterilize any life similar to earths in dense galaxies like those. Maybe the k4/k5 civilization (as previously mentioned) is cultivating the galaxy like a farm. If so, we should see a significant deviation from the mean number of supernovae in galaxies that such civilizations exist since they would likely be collecting stable stars that won't go supernova.
yeah, true. good point but let's not get carried away... utterly capable and truly indistinguishable, those k9 mega-minds could be using their magic to be harvesting any old star. who knows? those inscrutable q's past ancesterestrials, might even for funny, have thrown a few falsies out there.
We are discovering that there is lot more to universe than we thought. Now we are finding out that that spot is a galaxy with millions of stars in them. incredible. How much of the stuff is actually in there. No way that there is no other life then ours. no matter that we will never know. It cannot be that we are just one of.
All I wanted to say was how different we are as humans to every other creature that exists or has ever existed on this planet. Beyond evolution to hone in on just specialized techniques to hunt or prey from being hunted by predators. We evolved to make what ever we imagine a reality. In just a short time on this planet we have done things no other species on this planet could ever done. Or would ever do. We are the most unique species to ever exist on this earth as we know.
Astrophysics is not like poli-sci, French lit, history, etc. It requires independently verifiable, peer-reviewed *evidence* with at least 3σ confidence. For a claim of extraterrestrial life at least 6σ will be required.
This raises more questions than answers. How can a single solar system has 10 or more stars? 50mil light years is quite small for 200mil stars. But at least we can cut that one out for our search for life. No way anything could survive a planet with 10 stars
All of the existing hypothesis on these ultra dense galaxies do not exclude the possibility of planets existing in them. Those planets are probably irradiated beyond understanding, but they'd exist.
Maybe it's a me thing, but It would help if, around 3:00 is a good example, when comparing numbers like that to repeat saying the numbers. I'll often rewind a short bit to catch the numbers. When I hear 80 light years I don't have a great sense of why that matters. After you say our galaxy is 50k light years, it means a lot more.
If my handy gut feeling may be allowed to speak here, I can't imagine these dense "galaxies" aren't spitting out rouge stars and planets to beat the band. Close orbits mean FAST orbits, and with so many candidates to choose from, a LOT of them must always be "bad-footed" in their orbits, and fly off into the cosmos. And my take on this: Globular clusters are common. Perhaps a dwarf galaxy is just a globular cluster with a black hole at it's center?
If they are indeed galaxies and that all galaxies supposedly contain a blackhole at their cores, where are they in these objects, one would think being that dense there would would be massive interactions happening. Or perhaps Halton Arp was onto something with his galaxy evolution theory.
A monk asks his master for clarification on a Zen Koan. The master replies: "When youre pointing at the moon, do you confuse your finger for the moon itself?"
@@exceptionallyaverage3075 Say! aren’t you generalizing religious people as ignorant, science phobic, and superstitious based on your _very personal_ belief system. Doesn’t sound “Real Scientist’y” to me. People in glass houses....
@4pharaoh Yeah, I am. I haven't seen any evidence you science deniers are anything but ignorant. Those of you who might hit be support those who are so there's no differance. Throw all the stones you want. I know enough science not to live in a glass house.
I can't help but wonder if there is a relationship between these UCDs and super ultra massive black holes? After seeing just how compact, it begs the question that perhaps some forming UCDs were overcome by their collective gravity and it led to the creation of UMBHs.
tinfoil hat time: the super dense galaxies are ancient, advanced civilization that collected all the stars to harvest the energy with a dyson swarm. remember, it's never aliens.
Even at this density the odds of a collision are still very low. But no solar system will survive for long in this gravitational chaos. Any planets are either extremely close to their parent star, or orphans bouncing around between the stars.
Mind... completely... obliterated... 🤯 Once again, Anton provides a discovery that... when my feeble brain attempts to process what's actually taking place... it just sputters out and turns to mush. And evidently, I'm quite fond of this feeling because I keep coming back for more. These things are absolutely fascinating. The gravitational complexities keeping these UCG's stable and somehow preventing a couple of star collisions from setting off a chain reaction and blowing these things apart is simply beyond comprehension... and it's downright f*cking awesome.
I am not trying to be facetious here, but since there is a galactic process where stars can be flung out of a galaxy by gravitational interactions, called "evaporation". might there not be another process equivalent to "condensation"? Perhaps if the galaxy's stars' average velocity was low, gravity could dominate over their rotational momentum about the galactic centre and they would fall inwards.
well maybe the best answer is that there is more than one answer. maybe there are several unique ways that these can form and the universe is a big place.
Imagine a galaxy where the night sky never grows dark. Wow! One for Isaac Asimov. Personally, I am interested to know if there is a diversity of matter in these ultra dense formations. Maybe they are all just stars but I wouldn't mind betting that if such a form of galaxy were possible that there are failed stars. Planets without a sun, lit by starlight, even an eco system with no night. Our solar system is in a sparsely populated corner of what is, by comparison, a larger galactic formation but do we know just how much room a star system needs to stabilise? Perhaps studies of these objects can help us understand that.
If super-compact galaxies exist (and they do), then I have no doubt that subsatellites also exist. And when I say 'subsatellites', I mean moons of moons.
thats very intriguing, and seems some what unlikely, wouldnt you expect a stellar environment of that impessive density wrapped tightly around a super massive black hole to end up more like an active galactic nucleus. i feel like the black hole should be regularly tearing apart the nearest stars and blasting out quasar-like relativistic jets from its poles, which i assume would also eject and clear out much of the matter in those directions, ultimately forming something more along the lines of an ultra dense torus shape. but considering every example so far has been VERY steadfastly spherical in shape means either there is a relatively cleared out zone around the black hole, "eye of the storm" style, or some uknown mechanism that prevents the interior stars orbits from decaying to quickly or becoming too eccentric to maintain a stable orbit and a safe distance outside the roche limit of the black hole. As I said.... INTRIGUING!!!
Issac Asimov wrote a short story called Nightfall about such a planet experiencing a total eclipse of each of the local stars. Honestly, Nightfall is a predecessor story to the 3-Body Problem series of books…
This is like an ant colony in The Sinai trying to figure out the point of The UN the other side of the globe. People just lap it up without truly comprehending the immensity of it all. What if a dust mite was detected on the floor of The Security Council ... how would the colony react to such a revelation? I suppose that is what we are simulating here? :-)
Yeeeeaaah! Not n body orbits. Locked positions and barycenters.....like buckyballs....prob still have a bh swarm cluster locked in final parsec clusters in the center.
I love how 54 million light years, information from when mammals were no larger than house cats, is considered “close” in galactic terms 😂
A billion light years isnt really considered that far either
Mind boggling. There seems to be no meaning the terms present and past.
I bet early mammals tasted SO MUCH better than house cats…
@@DimtheEnderman a billion is something my friend, a million okay but... in the middle... 😁
always with good humor and certain level, tks.! 😃
At 80 light years radius, there are 2.144E6 cubic ly, that implies there are roughly 100 stars in a given 1 ly X 1 ly X 1 ly block. If you were to put a two stars on corners perfectly opposing each other (such that the Manhattan distance is 3) the Euclidean distance would be 1.73 light years. The closest star to us right now is 4.34 light years away.
If Tokyo was a galaxy, basically.
Thanks Anton! A fascinating topic and as always you bring the latest research to bear on it. This one has a personal connection. In April of 2022 I viewed M60 and NGC 4647 which appear to be in the early stages of interaction. At first I thought I was seeing 4647's core as too bright, but that turned out not to be the core, but a supernova - SN2022hrs. But to your video, I was also surprised to learn that a bright "star" I'd seen next to M60 was actually an ultra-dense galaxy - M60-UCD-1. I had no idea such things existed until I looked it up after the observing session. Your presentation here makes it all the more interesting! (The object was observed with a 24" Newtonian at 235x)
@butchphaneuf9675 Oh how I envy you for such an experience. I wish I'd live under darker skies and had such an equipment. The most advanced of my gear is a diy build sky tracker for my dslr...
Gravity must be working havoc on all the objects inside these small galaxies. I'm very surprised that these suns don't get ripped apart all the time. I can't imagine these objects having planets unless they are out on the very edges of the galaxy. But if you were standing on a planet here it would be insanely bright even at night time.
Apparently these objects have achieved some sort of gravitational balance over billions of years of what was probably absolute chaos. One thing is certain, whatever rare planets might exist in these galaxies, you probably wouldn't want to live on one. If there are galaxies where life would be pretty much impossible, these would be candidates for it. Any planet would be absolutely soaked in radiation, not to mention any sort of GRB or supernova would likely be within kill range for life on top of the normal background radiation. I'm guessing nearly all rocky bodies would have been ejected or torn apart billions of years ago anyways.
My son pointed out to me, even though they are relatively close to each other compared to, say our galaxy. At light year separations, you could still see them as point sources of gravity and would probably not get ripped apart by others.
It is amazing that there isn't that much stellar collision at all. Apparently something similar is happening with globular clusters, especially the really compact ones of Class I - V and even more so those that have undergone core collapse, like M15
@@jufulu7066 The galaxy mentioned in the video has a radius of 80 lightyears, but likely over 200 million stars. Which would mean most stars distance from each other would be measured in Astronomical Units, NOT Lightyears. That's extremely close, and would mean (as stated in the video) that many of the stars in this galaxy would be gravitationally tied to multiple other stars in their vicinity, effectively forming large multi-star systems. To achieve such stable multi-body orbits of massive objects, smaller objects would most definitely be eventually ejected or "violently deorbited".
The radius of the Solar System is around 1900 AU (a LY is about 63,200 AU). If the Solar System were in this galaxy, there is a decent chance there would be at least 1 other star within that radius. That's how jam-packed this badboy is, and to top it off, for all of this to be stable it had to have gone through a hellish phase where things weren't balanced at all. It's likely a lot of stars got ejected too in the past. Think of the violent phase of planet formation and establishment of orbits in our own star system, but on steroids.
@@jufulu7066Correct. Gravity decreases per the inverse *square* law: 1÷d² (1/d^2) where "d" is distance.
Thank you for your content as per always Anton! I always enjoy learning about our galaxy and am always pleased to see you have uploaded a new video!
Thanks!
I need 5$ too
Imagine trying to do astronomy from inside one of these galaxies.....
I have no idea if it would be harder because all the densley packed stars would be in the way, or if it would be easier because the edge of the galaxy would be so much closer
This is crazy! That night sky pic is insane.
IF there are planets in those galaxies, they're baked!
(the clue is in the first part of the sentence!) 😄👍
With so many stars being so close, the cumulative time dilation is so pronounced that it just appears to be stable, more than it actually is from our perspective where time passes much faster.
Very interesting to know about this, thanks 👍😊
Makes sense, as a diffuse galaxy ages the stars are brought inward until they are absorbed by the central black hole. If most of the stars are as old as the universe, the process from a young ultra-diffuse galaxy to a UDG may take longer than the current age of the universe. This process, if expediated and exponentiated by some means such as starting out as a less diffuse galaxy with many more stars, could be a means for the formation of supermassive black holes? Perhaps they are most commonly formed at the junctions of galactic filaments?
The best science channel on youtube thank you Anton
Wonderful as always Anton. Thank you. ☺
Space is so fascinating! Thanks Anton.
In my experience, when I look up to the "nice guys", they are are usually pretty dense by default.
So if you strip away the outer rim of a galaxy it’d make sense that the remaining stars would be pulled closer to the central SMBH. Maybe these galaxies lost their outer ring of dark matter that counteracted the force of the SMBH causing them to become more compact.
very nice!
(their stability is atill mysterious)
@@costaliberta5969They may not remain stable for extended periods of time....
or nothing was in the area when it was formed, i'm thinking it consists of stars because chunks of the galaxy core would periodically shear off becoming stars, which is why they're so close
Right? It's basicaly a globular cluster with no spiral around it.
It is a quite apparent that they have very low total momentum, so they could be ramanents of collision of two opposed rotating galaxies. Stars behaves as collapsing gas, with the fastest of them are escaping, and the rest is squeezed. There is no disc around central black hole due to the lack of total momentum.
High energy stars do not have to have "escape" velocity, but they have to have high radial component. High velocity makes them less prone to gravitational interactions with the other stars, so they can be totally radialized and ate by central hole, they can "escape inside".
It always fascinates me how much people romanticizes about living in these horrid places.
You have it as amazing as it gets where we are!
Who knows what other life is made of
@@Steve-si8hxWe now know it cannot be silicon based (cf Dr. Angela Collier.)
@@Steve-si8hx no matter where you go the universe has a way to try to kill you. The earth is a pretty marvelous place in comparison.
"It always fascinates me how much people romanticizes about living in these horrid places."
It's only 'horrid' to you because your body is made in a certain way. To other forms of life with alternate biochemistries, those so-called 'horrid' places would just be normal to them. Everything is relative. Don't be narrow-minded.
@@douglaswilkinson5700: "We now know it cannot be silicon based"
Really? So we have seen every form of life in the entire universe? We don't know shit about what extraterrestrial life could be like and if it even exists in the first place. We don't even know whether or not a shadow biosphere exists on our own planet.
Thank you, Anton.
Wow, that's so fascinating. I wonder if that's where angels live....
Thank you for your videos!!!!
I can't wait to learn more about this!!!
Very fascinating! You rock!
Plot twist: The 3 stars that vanished within 50 minutes on that infamous photographic survey in 1952 were not stars, but galaxies...
"I'm not a strange galaxy, YOU'RE a strange galaxy!" ~M60-UCD1 pointing at the Milky Way
Hello wonderful Anton, love your vids, thank you for making them!
Imagine living on habitable planet in such galaxy. It would be almost impossible to see further universe because of the undescribable light from all of those close stars. The civilization there would need a really strong telescope to realise that universe is a lot bigger than their own neighbourhood. We are quite lucky that we don't have such problems.
Assumes that planets could even last in a place like this.
I wonder if there is a chance that these UDGs would eventually converge or collapse towards the centre.
If there are many blackholes in the mix, I imagine that the result would be spectacular.
And that we could not distinguish these clusters before with all of our ground-based telescopes over all this time, it is yet another reason for only building only space-based telescopes from now on.
Um, EVEN when advances in stable imagery mean we can see just as well from Earth's surface?
What center?
@@DanMortensonearths atmosphere interferes with ground based observations, you can estimate Atmospheric composition to calculate and adjust for the interference, but you can never be %100. For that reason space based telescopes are vastly more capable.
Sounds like Gravitational Relaxation to me.
Gotcha and gotcha, but I was only responding to the idea that there would BE no more development of ground-based telescopes, which I consider to be hyperbole.
Great job for Euclid.
Good Night Everyone ❤
This is to me what a galaxy engineered by a highly advanced civilization would look like. Possibly "orbital rings" of stars like beads on a necklace, (of course vastly further apart) with the ability to move them around, keeping stable what would otherwise be unstable orbits.
that we find out what´s so far away is amazing.
Thats the most amazing thing i ever heard of,amazing
Imagine the speed you could accumulate catapulting past them one after another! Assuming we'd even be 'safe' anywhere near them
TY Anton for showing us what happens to galaxies when overcrowding sets in.
As a curious layman, it seems that the most likely theory would have to do with Dark matter getting stripped from the outskirts of smaller galaxies resulting in the collapse of the compact galaxy inward toward the central SMBH, whereas the diffuse galaxies are a result of a closer interaction with the bigger galaxy that not only strips the dark matter but also disrupts the entire smaller galaxy gravitationally.
It’s incredible that something so dense could remain spherical instead of flattening out. Maybe they started as a disc and the disc was disrupted?
If there were planets in those super dense galaxies then they might have extreme radiation but a few might not. Those could have life and for the inhabitants the galaxy would be easy to travel around in and colonise. Here you might find a Kardashev Type III civilization which is able to capture all the energy emitted by its galaxy, and every object within it, such as every star, black hole, etc. Given that some are as old as the universe then there has been a lot of time to dominate the galaxy.
I completely agree with you and imagine what the night sky would look like on one of the planets that could exist in that super-compact galaxy. The night sky on one of the possible planets in that super-compact galaxy would be almost pure white.
A few studies already showed that supernova's have an incredible long range in which they annihilate all life surrounding them. In a galaxy that is only 80 lightyears in size, with such an absurd amount of stars in them, it is incredibly unlikely any life will survive in them.
I would love for a science fiction story like that to be true, but im sadly convinced that intelligent life is very very rare, because the universe is incredibly hostile to it
@@Fluxje : Also of relevance is that the very earliest period of the universe doesn't count for much in terms of life, as the chemistry toolkit was much more sparsely stocked- the Sun was formed maybe mid-way through a big surge in the availability of more complex elements.
A Kardashev Type III civilization would have some major signatures that seem to be absent in these.
@@Fluxje You are probably correct. But we have not yet found any compelling evidence for life or intelligent life, other than our own. This is also on one solitary planet in a very boring part of the galaxy and universe. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. I think that when we do find it, as I am sure we will, we may be very surprised at just how amazing life is and where it can be found. A similar thing has already happened here on Earth with extremophiles. I believe obviously in UAP's but don't believe they are of alien origin, unless one lands on the Whitehouse lawn and a grey steps out saying: "Take me to your leader, we come in peace"
7:21 the 3rd proposition sounds 'more' solid, although none of this makes any sense as to how these things have remained stable for so long.
this shall be a case study for next gen telescopes.
If these are stripped galactic cores, one just needs to look to our own galactic center in regards to stability. Galactic centers are dense with older stars. Even with the jostling caused by a near-collision, those central stars would probably remain in their orbits.
(Despite our own own impending galactic collision with Andromeda, very few stars will probably be close enough to interact with each other.)
i know about andromeda but we are at the far edges of MW in a sense. i reckon at the core it's gonna be chaos.
anyway those strange clusters are much denser than our own center. maybe they were dwarf galaxies, stripped and... nah, it still doesn't make sense 😅
A galaxy with a radius of only 80ly but containing 200M stars has an AVERAGE density of 50 stars per cubic ly!
Wow, these are so interesting!!
The mystery of their formation has been solved? I’m guessing t that’s a no! But it will be interspersed to hear about the hypotheses
anton has the best way to make us feel that we are so below nothing in univers. l mean at least 54 million light yrs below nothing
Dear Anton, have you done a vid on LSB galaxies?
what the heck man ; why is everytime i see your video my mind is blown; universe is crazy Godlike
Makes me reminisce the old MIB plot; -"The galaxy is on Orions belt."
Interesting! It leads me to wonder whether there might be stars with planets at the outskirts of these dense clusters, and whether the gravitational pull of the cluster on these planets could have much the same gravitational effect that the moon has on the Earth, with tides and perhaps an impact on the crust, conducive to plate tectonics.
Gravity decreases with the square of the distance. E.g. At 100 AU the gravity would be 1/10,000 (one ten-thousandth) what it is at 1 AU.
@@douglaswilkinson5700 Yeah, you're right. Given a 40 LY diameter of the compact cluster that means it would take the gravitational influence of in the order of 10 billion sun masses to equal our moon's influence on Earth. I imagine that would be off by several orders of magnitude. (Of course my rough estimates may also be incorrect by an equal amount... :)
Another banger, thanks bro
Gamma burst from supernova would likely sterilize any life similar to earths in dense galaxies like those. Maybe the k4/k5 civilization (as previously mentioned) is cultivating the galaxy like a farm. If so, we should see a significant deviation from the mean number of supernovae in galaxies that such civilizations exist since they would likely be collecting stable stars that won't go supernova.
yeah, true. good point but let's not get carried away...
utterly capable and truly indistinguishable, those k9 mega-minds could be using their magic to be harvesting any old star. who knows? those inscrutable q's past ancesterestrials, might even for funny, have thrown a few falsies out there.
Must be a lot of weird time effects going on there
Heat death > Bose Einstein condensate > Synchronous standing wave > wave collapse > Black hole > single entity > vacuum space/time expansion > phase transition > nuclear mitosis and rarefaction
It's a dumping ground in our universe through a "black hole" from an adjacent universe.
Thanks, Anton.
We are discovering that there is lot more to universe than we thought. Now we are finding out that that spot is a galaxy with millions of stars in them. incredible. How much of the stuff is actually in there. No way that there is no other life then ours. no matter that we will never know. It cannot be that we are just one of.
than*
I just shared a similar comment. omg! my text turned red and I almost got shadow banned lol.
All I wanted to say was how different we are as humans to every other creature that exists or has ever existed on this planet. Beyond evolution to hone in on just specialized techniques to hunt or prey from being hunted by predators. We evolved to make what ever we imagine a reality. In just a short time on this planet we have done things no other species on this planet could ever done. Or would ever do. We are the most unique species to ever exist on this earth as we know.
Astrophysics is not like poli-sci, French lit, history, etc. It requires independently verifiable, peer-reviewed *evidence* with at least 3σ confidence. For a claim of extraterrestrial life at least 6σ will be required.
@@JorgetePanete I am sure that you are the same who says ekvetera.
Beings in this galaxy have evolved to see darkness rather than light...
The night sky on the worlds in these dense galaxies must be brilliant.
This raises more questions than answers. How can a single solar system has 10 or more stars? 50mil light years is quite small for 200mil stars. But at least we can cut that one out for our search for life. No way anything could survive a planet with 10 stars
All of the existing hypothesis on these ultra dense galaxies do not exclude the possibility of planets existing in them. Those planets are probably irradiated beyond understanding, but they'd exist.
Maybe it's a me thing, but It would help if, around 3:00 is a good example, when comparing numbers like that to repeat saying the numbers. I'll often rewind a short bit to catch the numbers. When I hear 80 light years I don't have a great sense of why that matters. After you say our galaxy is 50k light years, it means a lot more.
If my handy gut feeling may be allowed to speak here, I can't imagine these dense "galaxies" aren't spitting out rouge stars and planets to beat the band. Close orbits mean FAST orbits, and with so many candidates to choose from, a LOT of them must always be "bad-footed" in their orbits, and fly off into the cosmos.
And my take on this: Globular clusters are common. Perhaps a dwarf galaxy is just a globular cluster with a black hole at it's center?
Just imagine what it be like to live on a planet in the middle of that dwarf galaxy , the sky would be full of Star be beautiful
Reminds me of Walt Thornhill's description of the tied together Jupiter/ Mars/Venus group.
If they are indeed galaxies and that all galaxies supposedly contain a blackhole at their cores, where are they in these objects, one would think being that dense there would would be massive interactions happening. Or perhaps Halton Arp was onto something with his galaxy evolution theory.
A monk asks his master for clarification on a Zen Koan. The master replies:
"When youre pointing at the moon, do you confuse your finger for the moon itself?"
ANOTHER mystery of the BBT !!! The BBT makes no predictions !
Love you Anton!
Another brilliant video.
They don't know how old the Universe is, and they don't know how it works, they can't stand admitting it.
The vast majority will ever admit it. Their Hubris blinds them.
Real scientists don't make those claims. You're mistaking them for ignorant science Ending religious superstitionists.
@@exceptionallyaverage3075 Say! aren’t you generalizing religious people as ignorant, science phobic, and superstitious based on your _very personal_ belief system.
Doesn’t sound “Real Scientist’y” to me.
People in glass houses....
@4pharaoh Yeah, I am. I haven't seen any evidence you science deniers are anything but ignorant. Those of you who might hit be support those who are so there's no differance. Throw all the stones you want. I know enough science not to live in a glass house.
I can't help but wonder if there is a relationship between these UCDs and super ultra massive black holes? After seeing just how compact, it begs the question that perhaps some forming UCDs were overcome by their collective gravity and it led to the creation of UMBHs.
tinfoil hat time: the super dense galaxies are ancient, advanced civilization that collected all the stars to harvest the energy with a dyson swarm.
remember, it's never aliens.
you watch too many recaps
I would be a wonderful person… but fairly normal-common - thanks for your work
Even at this density the odds of a collision are still very low. But no solar system will survive for long in this gravitational chaos. Any planets are either extremely close to their parent star, or orphans bouncing around between the stars.
If i had good money i'd pay it to see that night sky 🤯
Hello wonderful Anton, this is person.
Mind... completely... obliterated... 🤯
Once again, Anton provides a discovery that... when my feeble brain attempts to process what's actually taking place... it just sputters out and turns to mush. And evidently, I'm quite fond of this feeling because I keep coming back for more. These things are absolutely fascinating. The gravitational complexities keeping these UCG's stable and somehow preventing a couple of star collisions from setting off a chain reaction and blowing these things apart is simply beyond comprehension... and it's downright f*cking awesome.
What differentiates suspected former galactic core globular clusters from these? Are we sure Omega Centauri and/or Mayall II aren't just small ones?
Alternate universe: This is not a strange galaxy…
It’s a star!
Those places would be putting out some serious radiation. 😮
Hello wonderful Anton.
I am not trying to be facetious here, but since there is a galactic process where stars can be flung out of a galaxy by gravitational interactions, called "evaporation". might there not be another process equivalent to "condensation"? Perhaps if the galaxy's stars' average velocity was low, gravity could dominate over their rotational momentum about the galactic centre and they would fall inwards.
yeah well that doesn't seem to be the case here.
huh, i'll be damned, a non-cluster galaxy
well maybe the best answer is that there is more than one answer. maybe there are several unique ways that these can form and the universe is a big place.
Very cool stuff.
Imagine a galaxy where the night sky never grows dark. Wow! One for Isaac Asimov.
Personally, I am interested to know if there is a diversity of matter in these ultra dense formations. Maybe they are all just stars but I wouldn't mind betting that if such a form of galaxy were possible that there are failed stars. Planets without a sun, lit by starlight, even an eco system with no night.
Our solar system is in a sparsely populated corner of what is, by comparison, a larger galactic formation but do we know just how much room a star system needs to stabilise? Perhaps studies of these objects can help us understand that.
This is my favorite Anton content
If super-compact galaxies exist (and they do), then I have no doubt that subsatellites also exist. And when I say 'subsatellites', I mean moons of moons.
7:49 or maybe processes were slowed for some reason like the rate of change was slowed in that area or something.
thats very intriguing, and seems some what unlikely, wouldnt you expect a stellar environment of that impessive density wrapped tightly around a super massive black hole to end up more like an active galactic nucleus. i feel like the black hole should be regularly tearing apart the nearest stars and blasting out quasar-like relativistic jets from its poles, which i assume would also eject and clear out much of the matter in those directions, ultimately forming something more along the lines of an ultra dense torus shape. but considering every example so far has been VERY steadfastly spherical in shape means either there is a relatively cleared out zone around the black hole, "eye of the storm" style, or some uknown mechanism that prevents the interior stars orbits from decaying to quickly or becoming too eccentric to maintain a stable orbit and a safe distance outside the roche limit of the black hole. As I said.... INTRIGUING!!!
Imagine living in a suburb your entire life and trying to quantize inner city particle movement....
Man, I actually kind of envy their galaxy
Are they in the process of collapsing in on themselves? Is that how black holes form?
Imagine living on a planet in this galaxy
I wonder. Can you add stars to the galactic simulator game
Living would be an issue
Issac Asimov wrote a short story called Nightfall about such a planet experiencing a total eclipse of each of the local stars. Honestly, Nightfall is a predecessor story to the 3-Body Problem series of books…
You'd be baked.
Radiation poisoning within a second, if your atoms aren't just stripped from all their electrons faster... But the sunset would be cool
Here’s an idea:
What if these are the remnants of a supermassive black hole ejection that was agitated out of the main galaxy.
Makes no sense. The stars would be ejected in likely random directions into a sphere like this.
The night sky must be beautiful in those galaxies.
I don’t think there would be much of a ‘night sky’.
@@jeremyj5932Excellent point!
great topic
So if life exist in this galaxy, they non stop day? And probably are not aware of outside universe, because all this light blocks view.
So are they black holes ejected during galactic collisions and just take a tightly bound group of stars with them?
Now that’s a title for a video
This is like an ant colony in The Sinai trying to figure out the point of The UN the other side of the globe. People just lap it up without truly comprehending the immensity of it all. What if a dust mite was detected on the floor of The Security Council ... how would the colony react to such a revelation? I suppose that is what we are simulating here? :-)
Yeeeeaaah! Not n body orbits. Locked positions and barycenters.....like buckyballs....prob still have a bh swarm cluster locked in final parsec clusters in the center.