Rh incompatibility and Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
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- Опубліковано 2 жов 2024
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Rh incompatibility happens when the mom is Rh negative, while her baby is Rh positive...Mum becomes sensitized and attacks the baby (especially the 2nd and subsequent pregnancies).
These antibodies are anti-Rh IgG agglutinins (anti-D antibodies).
Clinical symptoms include severe anemia (hydrops fetalis), jaundice, splenomegaly, ...etc.
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If 1st Rh+ child develops HDN, it may be due to: 1) Rh- mother having prior history of Rh+ blood transfusion, 2) previous abortion, 3) ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Thanks for the great video!
4) abruptio placenta
Him: If you give mommy antibodies than can pass through the placenta and destroy the baby, you are STUPID.
Me: Suscribe, now....
Haha 😂
Welcome 🙏
Thank you so much 😊
I'm currently preparing for a cellular biology exam in German (which isn't my mothertongue). Although the whole blood type thing etc. has never really given me hard time, I struggled to understand this particular case. Your video solved my problem completely! And schemes as well as pics are really helpful. Thx a lot!
You’re very welcome 😊
Good luck 🍀
No one:
Medicosis:"your testicles will be very tiny but your proffessional trainer at the gym will be proud of you" 😂
Haha 😂
instablaster
I just learned yesterday that I am A-. I am thankful that I have never conceived a child since I would not have known. Thank you for explaining this process!
It's not something to be worried about. Every pregnant woman is tested during the regular antenatal screening process, and you would be given anti D Ig, even regardless of the father's rhesus genotype.
The answer is that she might have had a previous blood transfusion (Rh+ve) or abortion. That's why first child had HDN
Me a computer science graduate watching this for selecting my future wife 😶🌫️😶
What a joke
Rh incompatibilty has been hunting me on exams ever since, the video gave a great overview :)
Medicosis is my man always
Am still enjoying this video
Thank you so much!
@@MedicosisPerfectionalis
I love the pathology videos more
It made my work easier
Thanks.
Work well done
I actually got to see a in utero transfusion unit prepared when I was doing my blood bank rotation.
Wow 😳
@@MedicosisPerfectionalis i m O rh negative girl.can i marry B postive boy.is there any problem in pregnancy.i'm scared.plz help me.i dnt want any misscarrige
very nice
Dear Friend and Educator! I really love your lectures and I am now an avid follower! May I add one footnote difference between the underlying pathophysiology of ABO Sensitization and Rh+/D-Antigen sensitization in an Rh- female. ABO blood groups are based on polysaccharide differences, which will result or have inherent, an overwhelming IgM response which explains the Immediate Immune Hemolysis reaction in ABO mismatched blood, whilst IgM antibodies do not cross the placental barrier. The Rh+/D Antigen is a protein antigen which requires sensitization, prior exposure, and then the production of IgG "memory" antibodies by B-cell activated clonal lines. IgG does cross the placental barrier as it forms the basis of fetal and neonatal, and post-natal pre-formed humoral defense. Thus when the Rh+/D+ protein antigen is exposed in the first pregnancy via delivery with some exposure, or definitely via C-section, then the "memory" IgG antibody will be fully capable to generate and affect future pregnancies whilst preformed ABO igM antibodies against ABO mismatches will be blocked by the placenta barrier.
This makes perfect sense.
It's a great course. Adorable! Thank you for the efforts.
Daddy Rh -ve , mommy Rh +ve , period.end of the issue 😂😂that went smooth
😂😂
😂😂
shef patel n what if baby Rh -ve...🧐
if she is
Rh+ then she wont produce anti-Rh
@@locadiachagwiza3984 if mother is rh +ve (+,-) and father is rh +ve (+,-) then baby can be rh -ve
I appreciate your drawing skills 😂💛
Thank you so much 😃
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This means that if a Rh- mother is infused with Rh+ blood, say, during an accident in her youth (before she ever became pregnant) the first pregnancy will be affected?
My view is yes
The mother has a pregnancy not completed before or she was infused with rh + before her first pregnancy
If you give Mommy antibodies that cross the placenta to go and destroy the baby, you're stupid 🤣🤣🤣... I love this one and can't forget the concept again. This now makes me to understand what RhoGAM is actually like. Please spare the innocent baby's life 🤣.
Thank you so much 😊 for watching and commenting!
I am happy that you laughed 🤩
So sorry to jump in. Maybe I shouldn’t believe everything I google but I keep finding sources saying RhoGAM is IgG and can actually cross the placenta
@@MedicosisPerfectionalis So sorry to jump in. Maybe I shouldn’t believe everything I google but I keep finding sources saying RhoGAM is IgG and can actually cross the placenta
Medicosis telling me I am stupid is the highlight of my day lol thank you for the clear explanations
Chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis , antepartum hemorrhage or placental trauma can cause EBF in 1st pregnency .
Excellent
Medicosis Perfectionalis 谢谢 🙏
👍
Ante partum Hemorrhage occur after age of viability 20weeks so no in 1st trimester 😊
@@ahmedmahmoudibrahim7855 no one is talking about 1st trimester doofus
This was very helpful and funny at the same time, keep it up. ❤️🙏🏻
😍 I really enjoyed the video it's amazing how you make it so simple keep the good work👍❤️
If the mother have already anti Rh igG from blood transfusion
Thank you so much for your encouraging words!
Excellent video, excellent channel, I love your content!! I would like to add a correction to the video. RhoGAM is actually IgG and therefore CAN CROSS the placenta. It prevents the immune reaction in the mother, and that’s why it is helpful, but it can technically cross the placenta and therefore does pose a slight risk of causing hemolytic anemia. Keep up the good work though!!
Does is it really cross the placenta in where did you read that can u give me the resources, cuz I read in another that it doesn’t cross , I m confused 😐
I love your videos !!! I'm a PA student and you present the material in a straight forward yet high yield way !!
I am so delighted, Maureen!
Thank you so much 😊 and good luck 🍀
I really like the style of teaching, well explained, simple and not over complicated, funny and easy to follow through, THANK YOU. HAVE HELPED ME ALOT DURING MY MED SCHOOL.
Normally we use indirect coombs test in the mum's serum cause it will be consumed in the foetal blood
7:44 Hydrops Fetalis
8:16 Kernicterus
10:28 Coombs test
11:31 Prevention *[RhoGAM]*
14:26 What to do if the mother is already sensitized
LMAOOO i now like my anatomy and physiology class because of this channel
Thank you ☺️
I'm a negative 💔
1. Rh+ fetal abortion
2. Rh+ blood transfusion
3.Rh+ ectopic pregnancy.
4. Other causes of hydrops fetalis like severe anemia, infections, heart and lung conditions, chromosomal anomalied
The mother was previously synthesized using the various methods like blood transfiusion before the pregnancy
You’re absolutely correct! Thanks bro!
Hi
Hello!
What if no blood transfusion?
Medicosis Perfectionalis lllll
Can it be because the mother was pregnant but had an abortion? (with an Rh +ve fetus? )
Yes, of course! You got it!
When you said "during labour" my brain automatically said "WAIT NO. The baby is facing the wrong way!" But that's beside the point. Thanks for the video :)
Hahaha! You are so sharp...Are you a medical student?
Fjmru
u are perfect please make more about blood banking please
I will add it to my list!
So will the baby have polychromatic erythrocytes or microcytic erythrocytes?
This was so good 🤓
Thank you so much 💛
VERY CLEARLY EXPLAINED, CONCEPT CLEARED I THINK INFO IN THIS VIDEO WILL BE STUCK IN MIND FOREVER AND EVER, THANKS ALOT MEDICOSIS PERFECTIONALIS WHY OUR MEDICAL COLLEGE PROFESSORS CAN'T EXPLAIN LIKE THIS. THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN SYLLABUS, medicosis perfectionalis is medical college lecture hall
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Thank you
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From Sri Lanka 🇱🇰🇱🇰
You’re welcome 😊
why not to give rhogam in a sensitized mother . does it not have a capacity to neutrzalised these antibodies
in Kenya never heard of transfusing foetus blood indeed that's so crazy wow
Yeah! I’ve never personally seen it performed in Egypt either!
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@@MedicosisPerfectionalis your videos speak for them self’s man thanks too So much it really helps
Wait, what if the woman is O+ and the husband is AB-? What happens?
Answer: The mother has been sensitized before she became pregnant. She was sensitized probably because of previous blood transfusion of Rh + blood.
Gonzalez Thomas Rodriguez Anthony Hall Susan
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It's fun, educational and free. What else could it be? Thank you so much!!!
Thank you for this great explanation. There is 1 issue that wasn’t addressed though, if you could please help me with an answer: what if, the mother had her first child, and all went well. She’s trying for a second child but was just told that she was positive for an antibody that could potentially affect any future pregnancy. Kell antibodies positive. She’s not pregnant yet, what should she do? Is in vitro her only option if her husband’s blood test result are + for that antigen, instead of negative? Thank you so much for any further explanation on this specific situation. N
If the mother has the anti D in her blood from other rh pos pregnancies then her body will attack a rhesus positive embryo. There's nothing I know of that she can do at this point other than have science step in and have a neg embryo if affordable and if father is( -,+) which is possible. They can also just keep trying but risk miscarriages and birth defects if the embryo is positive. . They have a medicine (Rhogam) a mother can have injected soon after birth of pos or loss of one. I think it's within 72 hours.
what if mother have rh positive and child has rh negative what will happen in this case ?
Rh incompatibility will NOT happen.
Can mother give her milk to baby after delivery ? When baby is Rh is positive?
Brown Amy Robinson Thomas Rodriguez Amy
I’m pregnant and rh- having my second born, is it compulsory to have the anti-D injection? Even if my husband is rh+
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"You testicle will be very tiny but your trainer will be very proud of you." HAHHAHAH
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The answer for the question is she has had a blood transfusion with Rh positive blood
It is on you …this is the right
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I love your vedios ,,,, I'm Med Lab Technologies your Hematology and Hemostasis vedios gave me lots of information . Thanks Alot,👌👌
keep going ❤
My pleasure 😇
Can you please help me by sharing?
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Thanks bro
But watch your language bro
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What actually happens when mom is positive and dad is negative
Nothing will happen to the baby as her mom doesn’t have Anti-Rh antibodies
Garcia Michael Harris Shirley Miller Charles
I got rhogam 5yrs back after an evacuation following miscarriage but now having weak rbc antibodies at 28weeks.Did i get sensitized during this or previous pregnancy.
I was also weak sensitised at my 28 weeks got two shots of rhogam and my baby delivered with severe juandice at birth. He got blood transfusion at his 4th day and caught sepsis plus multi organ damage instead. Unfortunately he passed away but I have been sensitised now and I seriously worried about the future now
Don't mock people who use testosterone or any people
Hi Dr. Im suffering for this problem, I lost 3.pregnance in 2nd child in weeks of 32,and in 28 weeks, and 26 weeks.Im A negative. My husband A Positive.,and our first baby are A Positive. Sorry im not very good in English 😂..
Help me plz.
You’re English is excellent.
You need to follow up with your doctor.
How IgG antibodies cause aggluntination? They are monomeric....dont they cause opsonization rather?
I had numerous miscarriages. Could I have bern sensitized because as children my sister and I played a game called blood brothers where we cut ourselves and touched our blood together? I am RH-
Taylor Angela Martinez Jason Garcia Linda
the mothers body will try to push it out of her body , Gods law ,
thank you..sir. 😊👍👌
Absolutely 😃
Is the RhGAM antibody IgM? Since it will not pass placenta
the bloodlines arenotsupose to mix
I was born Dec 8 1946. Perth Western Australia.The second child to an Rh neg mother and Rh pos father. Yes, I got HDN. The doctors gave me a complete blood transfusion exchange with my mother. It was said to have been experimental at the time. I am A Rh neg. I didn't have children.
You're wrong about the first born being fine. I miscarried my first pregnancy and that's how I found out my blood type. I was given rogham but the dr told me it probably wouldn't save the baby but it would save my next. What does sensitized mean? And is rh- also the same as the golden blood?
Sensitized means exposed to the antigen before...The first pregnancy may be affected if the mother has been exposed to the antigen before (e.g. a blood transfusion,...etc).
Also, I am so sorry to hear that!
I wish you the best!
Thank u it's just amazing ❤️ love you... please make more..
Sure
but i dont understand why in treatment the artificial anti-D antibodies cannot cross over placenta and cause damage to babies red blood cells
Answer: 1) Prior Rh+ blood transfusion to the mother before she got pregnant,
2) If she was an IV drug abuser,
3) The grandmother theory,
4) Previous ruptured ectopic pregnancy,
5) Previous abortion,
6) Abruptio placentae.
You’re a legend bro ❤️ , thumbs up from KSA 👍
Thank you so much 😊
When I am a doctor iwill watch this great video 🇮🇶🇮🇶🤲
Thank you
What if the mommy is an rh positve?
In terms of ABO incompatibility if a presensitized mother ever shared her breast milk with someone elses baby that’s incompatible blood type, technically speaking could the IgA in the breast milk cause hemolysis? Random question as fuck I know…
If uncojugated bilirubin was being converted into conjugated bilirubin as you explained in the pathogenesis then why will the baby have kernicterus?
Great question...First, define kernicterus.
😂😂😂
It can be due to
1. Mismatch blood transfusion
2. baby maternal grandmother was rh positive
3. Previous Abortion, ectopic pregnancy
Which blood products are used in exchange transfusion when in utero and after delivery?
RhoGAM is an IgG antibody, so surely it can cross to the placenta, no?
True, then how?
Hello! I am married with one kid but I have the same issue of blood group, l am Rh A- and my husband is Rh A+ and IAM pregnant for a second born it's now 19weeks but I haven't done anything. The question is what do I have to do and when to do it?........ please inform me before anything happens.
Martin Daniel Garcia Sandra Gonzalez Steven
What would happen if an Rh+ mother was pregnant with an Rh- baby. Would the baby develop the anti D antibodies by the time they are born? And if so, when the baby who we assume is a female grows up and gets pregnant with their first child being Rh+ would it immediately cause Erythroblastosis fetalis for her first child?